MAUERRESTE Ln Berlln RELICTS of the BERLIN WALL
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Die Berliner Mauer in Berlin-Mitte, Gartenstr
21. Berliner Archäologentag am 17. Oktober 2018 Bewegte Zeiten – Archäologie in Berlin Martin-Gropius-Bau, Kinosaal Torsten Dressler Altstadt Spandau, Fischerstraße 33-34 Archäologische Untersuchungen und Dokumentation: Die Berliner Mauer in Berlin-Mitte, Gartenstr. 85-87/ Geländes des Nordbahnhofs Die archäologische Untersuchung und Dokumentation am ehemaligen Mauerstreifen in Berlin-Mitte, Gartenstraße 85-87 erfolgte im Vorfeld der geplanten Bebauung mit einem Wohn- und Geschäftshaus „Quartier am Nordbahnhof“ im Zeitraum von Mai bis August 2017. Auf dieser Fläche konnte insbesondere der Ausbau der DDR-Grenzanlagen von 1961 bis 1989 am Nordbahnhof bzw. ehemaligen Stettiner Bahnhof archäologisch nachgewiesen werden. Der Vortrag gliedert sich in die Vorstellung der festgestellten Befunde und Funde nach: (1) Vorphase mit Stettiner Bahnhof ab 1842 und Wohnbebauung Gartenstraße 85-87 (19./20. Jahrhundert) 1. Grenz-Ausbauphase vom 13. August 1961 bis 1965 (2) Abrissmaßnahmen für die Grenzsicherung 1966 bis 1974 (3) 2. Grenz-Ausbauphase von 1966 bis 1979 (4) 3. Grenz-Ausbauphase von 1980 bis 1989 (5) Mauerfall und Abbruch der Grenzanlagen 1989 bis 1990 Der Bau der Berliner Mauer entlang der dicht bebauten und bewohnten Bernauer Straße zwischen Berlin-Wedding (Westberlin) und Berlin-Mitte (Ostberlin) stellte eine radikale Zäsur der deutschen Teilung ab dem 13. August 1961 dar. Um die Welt gingen die Bilder der verzweifelten Menschen mit dem Sprung in die Freiheit aus den Fenstern der Grenzhäuser und über die ersten Grenzabsperrungen. Hier ist u.a. mit Ida Siekmann das erste Todesopfer an der Berliner Mauer am 22. August 1961 zu beklagen. Die Anwohner auf der Ostseite der Bernauer Straße wurden zwangsumgesiedelt, ihre Häuser und Fenster zugemauert und anschließend abgerissen. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
5/3/2016 THE PEACE MOVEMENT: HOW INFORMAL NETWORKS RESULTED IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE GDR & THE CHURCH’S INVOLVEMENT TESS MARSHALL WHAT IS THE BERLIN WALL? • Border between East and West Germany • After World War II German territories split into four “allied occupation zones” • West Germany: Democratic Republic – Occupied by British, American and French sectors • East Germany – Controlled by the German Democratic Republic (Soviet Union) • Berlin also separated this way although it was in East Germany • Joint occupation began in 1945 www.flickr.com 1 5/3/2016 WHY WAS THE WALL BUILT? • Between 1945 and 1961 almost 3 million refugees fled from East to West Germany – Most were young, educated workers • July 1961 over 30,000 fled • August 12 more than 2,400 people fled – Largest number recorded in one day – Later that day Premier Khrushchev gave orders to the GDR to close the border • Two weeks later a barbed wire and concrete fence was built • After this it was impossible to travel from East to West Germany without passing through checkpoints • Families and friends were separated, jobs were lost THE WALL AND ITS BEGINNING • The Wall was steadily made more durable • Between the borders was the “Death Strip”– an area where GDR officials could patrol for and shoot escapees • Some tried to escape immediately • Ida Siekmann was the first death in attempted escape – Lived on a road that ran along the border – Jumped out of her window but died on impact idasiekmann.blogspot.com 2 5/3/2016 ANALYSIS OF THE PEACE MOVEMENT AND MONDAY DEMONSTRATIONS • No -
The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 by Hans-Hermann Hertle/Maria Nooke August 2011
Special CWIHP Research Report The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 By Hans-Hermann Hertle/Maria Nooke August 2011 Forty-four years after the Berlin Wall was built and 15 years after the East German archives were opened, reliable data on the number of people killed at the Wall were still lacking. Depending on the sources, purpose, and date of the studies, the figures varied between 78 (Central Registry of State Judicial Administrations in Salzgitter), 86 (Berlin Public Prosecution Service), 92 (Berlin Police President), 122 (Central Investigation Office for Government and Unification Criminality), and more than 200 deaths (Working Group 13 August). The names of many of the victims, their biographies and the circumstances in which they died were widely unknown.1 This special CWIHP report summarizes the findings of a research project by the Center for Research on Contemporary History Potsdam and the Berlin Wall Memorial Site and Documentation Center which sought to establish the number and identities of the individuals who died at the Berlin Wall between 1961 and 1989 and to document their lives and deaths through historical and biographical research.2 Definition In order to provide reliable figures, the project had to begin by developing clear criteria and a definition of what individuals are to be considered victims at the Berlin Wall. We regard the “provable causal and spatial connection of a death with an attempted escape or a direct or indirect cause or lack of action by the ‘border organs’ in the border territory” as the critical factor. In simpler terms: the criteria are either an attempted escape or a temporal and spatial link between the death and the border regime. -
Berlin by Sustainable Transport
WWW.GERMAN-SUSTAINABLE-MOBILITY.DE Discover Berlin by Sustainable Transport THE SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT GUIDE GERMANY The German Partnership for Sustainable Mobility (GPSM) The German Partnership for Sustainable Mobility (GPSM) serves as a guide for sustainable mobility and green logistics solutions from Germany. As a platform for exchanging knowledge, expertise and experiences, GPSM supports the transformation towards sustainability worldwide. It serves as a network of information from academia, businesses, civil society and associations. The GPSM supports the implementation of sustainable mobility and green logistics solutions in a comprehensive manner. In cooperation with various stakeholders from economic, scientific and societal backgrounds, the broad range of possible concepts, measures and technologies in the transport sector can be explored and prepared for implementation. The GPSM is a reliable and inspiring network that offers access to expert knowledge, as well as networking formats. The GPSM is comprised of more than 150 reputable stakeholders in Germany. The GPSM is part of Germany’s aspiration to be a trailblazer in progressive climate policy, and in follow-up to the Rio+20 process, to lead other international forums on sustainable development as well as in European integration. Integrity and respect are core principles of our partnership values and mission. The transferability of concepts and ideas hinges upon respecting local and regional diversity, skillsets and experien- ces, as well as acknowledging their unique constraints. www.german-sustainable-mobility.de Discover Berlin by Sustainable Transport This guide to Berlin’s intermodal transportation system leads you from the main train station to the transport hub of Alexanderplatz, to the redeveloped Potsdamer Platz with its high-qua- lity architecture before ending the tour in the trendy borough of Kreuzberg. -
Escape to Freedom: a Story of One Teenager’S Attempt to Get Across the Berlin Wall
Escape to Freedom: A story of one teenager’s attempt to get across the Berlin Wall By Kristin Lewis From the April 2019 SCOPE Issue Every muscle in Hartmut Richter’s body ached. He’d been in the cold water for four agonizing hours. His body temperature had plummeted dangerously low. Now, to his horror, he found himself trapped in the water by a wall of razor-sharp barbed wire. Precious seconds ticked by. The area was crawling with guards carrying machine guns. Some had snarling dogs at their sides. If they caught Hartmut, he could be thrown in prison—or worse. These men were trained to shoot on sight. Hartmut grabbed the wire with his bare hands. He began pulling it apart, hoping he could make a hole large enough to squeeze through. Hartmut Richter was not a criminal escaping from jail. He was not a bank robber on the run. He was simply an 18-year-old kid who wanted nothing more than to be free—to listen to the music he wanted to listen to, to say what he wanted to say and think what he wanted to think. And right now, Hartmut was risking everything to escape from his country and start a new life. A Bleak Time Hartmut was born in Germany in 1948. He lived near the capital city of Berlin with his parents and younger sister. This was a bleak time for his country. Only three years earlier, Germany had been defeated in World War II. During the war, Germany had invaded nearly every other country in Europe. -
Tageszeitung (Taz) Article on the Opening of the Berlin Wall
Volume 10. One Germany in Europe, 1989 – 2009 The Fall of the Berlin Wall (November 9, 1989) Two journalists from Die Tageszeitung (taz), a left-of-center West Berlin newspaper, describe the excitement generated by the sudden opening of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989. The event was the result of internal pressure applied by East German citizens, and it evoked spontaneous celebration from a people who could once again freely cross the border and rekindle relationships with friends and relatives on the other side. (Please note: the dancing bear mentioned below is a figurative reference to West Berlin's official mascot. Beginning in 1954, the flag of West Berlin featured a red bear set against a white background. In 1990, the bear became the mascot of a unified Berlin. The former West Berlin flag now represents the city as a whole.) "We Want In!" The Bear Is Dancing on the Border Around midnight, RIAS – the American radio station broadcasting to the East – still has no traffic interruptions to report. Yet total chaos already reigns at the border checkpoint on Invalidenstrasse. People parked their cars at all conceivable angles, jumped out, and ran to the border. The transmission tower of the radio station "Free Berlin" is already engulfed by a throng of people (from the West) – waiting for the masses (from the East) to break through. After three seconds, even the most hardened taz editor finds himself applauding the first Trabi he sees. Everyone gets caught up in the frenzy, whether she wants to or not. Even the soberest members of the crowd are applauding, shrieking, gasping, giggling. -
50Th Anniversary of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Brats Alumni Association Newsletter August 2011 Volume 7, Issue 1 Wreaths laid down in front of a preserved segment of the Berlin Wall near the memorial site at Bernauer Strasse in Berlin on August 13, 2011 in Berlin. Berlin marks the 50th anniversary of the construction of the Berlin Wall on Saturday. AFP 50th Anniversary of the Berlin Wall Berlin marks 50th Wall anniversary with minute of silence Agence France-Presse 9:15 pm | Saturday, August 13th, 2011 These included Ida Siekmann, 58, the first known Berlin Wall victim who fell to her death when jumping to the West from BERLIN—Berlin on Saturday marked the 50th anniversary of the day the third story of a building on August 22, 1961. the Berlin Wall started to go up with a memorial service and a minute And Chris Gueffroy, 20, the last victim, shot dead on February of silence in memory of those who died trying to flee to the West. 6, 1989 — nine months before the Wall fell — while trying to German President Christian Wulff, Chancellor Angela Merkel, who swim across a canal. grew up in the East, and Berlin mayor Klaus Wowereit attended a The Wall was born in the early hours of Sunday August 13, nationally televised commemoration followed by a ecumenical 1961, a day chosen by East German authorities as that most church service at a chapel built where the Wall stood for 28 years. likely to catch people by surprise as they enjoyed a Flags flew at half mast on the Reichstag (parliament) and church bells summer day off. -
Heinrich Zille's Berlin Selected Themes from 1900
"/v9 6a~ts1 HEINRICH ZILLE'S BERLIN SELECTED THEMES FROM 1900 TO 1914: THE TRIUMPH OF 'ART FROM THE GUTTER' THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Catherine Simke Nordstrom Denton, Texas May, 1985 Copyright by Catherine Simke Nordstrom 1985 Nordstrom, Catherine Simke, Heinrich Zille's Berlin Selected Themes from 1900 to 1914: The Trium of 'Art from the Gutter.' Master of Arts (Art History), May, 1985, 139 pp., 71 illustrations, bibliography, 64 titles. Heinrich Zille (1858-1929), an artist whose creative vision was concentrated on Berlin's working class, portrayed urban life with devastating accuracy and earthy humor. His direct and often crude rendering linked his drawings and prints with other artists who avoided sentimentality and idealization in their works. In fact, Zille first exhibited with the Berlin Secession in 1901, only months after Kaiser Wilhelm II denounced such art as Rinnsteinkunst, or 'art from the gutter.' Zille chose such themes as the resultant effects of over-crowded, unhealthy living conditions, the dissolution of the family, loss of personal dignity and economic exploi tation endured by the working class. But Zille also showed their entertainments, their diversions, their excesses. In so doing, Zille laid bare the grim and the droll realities of urban life, perceived with a steady, unflinching gaze. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . S S S . vi CHRONOLOGY . xi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION . 5 . 1 II. AN OVERVIEW: BERLIN, ART AND ZILLE . 8 III. "ART FROM THE GUTTER:" ZILLE'S THEMATIC CHOICES . -
DEFA Directors and Their Criticism of the Berlin Wall
«Das ist die Mauer, die quer durchgeht. Dahinter liegt die Stadt und das Glück.» DEFA Directors and their Criticism of the Berlin Wall SEBASTIAN HEIDUSCHKE MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY This article examines the strategies used by directors of the East German film monopoly Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) to voice their disap- proval of the Berlin Wall.1 My aim is to show how it was possible, despite universal censorship in East Germany, to create films that addressed the wall as an inhumane means to imprison the East German people. Although many DEFA films adhered to socialist law and reiterated the official doctrine of the «antifascist protection rampart» on the silver screen, an analysis of three DEFA films will demonstrate how the representation of human crisis was used as a means to criticize the wall.2 The films Das Kleid (Konrad Petzold, 1961), Der geteilte Himmel (Konrad Wolf, 1964), and Die Architekten (Peter Kahane, 1990) address walls in a variety of functions and appearances as rep- resentations, symbols, and metaphors of the barrier between East and West Germany. Interest in DEFA has certainly increased during the last decade, and many scholars have introduced a meaningful variety of topics regarding the history of East Germany’s film company and its films. In addition to book-length works that deal exclusively with the cinema of East Germany, many articles have looked at DEFA’s film genres, provided case studies of single DEFA films, and engaged in sociological or historical analyses of East German so- ciety and its films.3 In order to expand the current discussion of DEFA, this article applies a sociocultural reading to the three DEFA films Das Kleid, Der geteilte Himmel, and Die Architekten with the goal of introducing the new subtopic of roles and functions of the Berlin Wall in East German film to the field of DEFA studies. -
At Checkpoint Charlie, US and Soviet Tanks Faced Each Other at Point-Blank Range
At Checkpoint Charlie, US and Soviet tanks faced each other at point-blank range. AP Ppoto/Kreusch 92 AIR FORCE Magazine / September 2011 Showdown in BerlinBy John T. Correll any place was ground zero for the The First Crisis from the 1948 confrontation—Walter Cold War, it was Berlin. The first Berlin crisis was in 1948, Ulbricht, the Communist Party boss in Awash in intrigue, the former when the Soviets and East Germans East Germany. capital of the Third Reich lay 110 attempted to cut the city off from the Ulbricht, handpicked for the job by miles inside the Iron Curtain but outside world. However, three air the Soviet Premier, Joseph Stalin, was was not part of East Germany. corridors into Berlin, each 20 miles charmless, intense, and dogmatic, but IEach of the four victorious powers in wide, remained open. The Americans a good administrator and a reliable en- Europe in World War II—the United and British responded with the Berlin forcer of Soviet hegemony. Stalin had States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Airlift, which sustained West Berlin visions of a unified Germany as part Union—held control of a sector of the with food, fuel, and other supplies from of the Soviet sphere of influence, but city, which would be preserved as the June 1948 to September 1949. Ulbricht had so antagonized the popu- future capital of a reunified Germany. Some senior officials in the US De- lace the Communists had no chance of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev partment of State had favored abandon- winning free elections. called it “the most dangerous place in the ing Berlin. -
Building of the Berlin Wall
BUILDING OF THE BERLIN WALL a A CITY TORN APART b A CITY TORN APART OF BUILDING THE BERLIN WALL in conjunction with a symposium given on 27 OCTOBER 2011 at the NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, DC WASHINGTON, DC RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND at the 27 OCTOBER 2011 in conjunction with a symposium given on BUILDING BERLIN WALL OF ITY TORN APART A C BUILDING OF THE BERLIN WALL brandenburg gate Built in 1791, standing 85 feet high, 215 feet long and 36 feet wide, this former city gate is one of the most iconic symbols of Berlin and Germany. Throughout its existence it has served as a visual representation of various political ideologies, ranging from Prussia’s imperialism to East Germany’s communism. It was closed by the East Germans on 14 August 1961 in a response to West Berliners’ demonstration against the building of the wall dividing their city into East and West. It remained closed until 22 December 1989. Its design is based upon the gate way to the Propylaea, the entry into the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It has 12 Doric columns, six to a side, forming five passageways. The central archway is crowned by the Quadriga, a statue consisting of a four horse chariot driven by Victoria, the Roman goddess of victory. After Napoleon’s defeat, the Quadriga was returned to Berlin and the wreath of oak leaves on Victoria was replaced with the new symbol of Prussia, the Iron Cross. i A CITYC ITY TORNTO RN APART a family divided A couple from Berlin may never see each other again because they became separated by the newly formed Berlin Wall. -
Designed by Professor Misty Sabol | 7 Days | June 2017
Designed by Professor Misty Sabol | 7 Days | June 2017 College Study Tour s BERLIN: THE CITY EXPERIENCE INCLUDED ON TOUR Round-trip flights on major carriers; Full-time Tour Director; Air-conditioned motorcoaches and internal transportation; Superior tourist-class hotels with private bathrooms; Breakfast daily; Select meals with a mix of local cuisine. Sightseeing: Berlin Alternative Berlin Guided Walking Tour Entrances: Business Visit KW Institute for Contemporary Art Berlinische Galerie (Museum of Modern Art) Topography of Terror Museum 3-Day Museum Pass BMW Motorcycle Plant Tour Reichstag Jewish Holocaust Memorial Overnight Stays: Berlin (5) NOT INCLUDED ON TOUR Optional excursions; Insurance coverage; Beverages and lunches (unless otherwise noted); Transportation to free-time activities; Customary gratuities (for your Tour Director, bus driver and local guide); Porterage; Adult supplement (if applicable); Weekend supplement; Shore excursion on cruises; Any applicable baggage-handing fee imposed by the airlines SIGN UP TODAY (see efcollegestudytours.com/baggage for details); Expenses caused by airline rescheduling, cancellations or delays caused by the airlines, bad efcst.com/1868186WR weather or events beyond EF’s control; Passports, visa and reciprocity fees YOUR ITINERARY Day 1: Board Your Overnight Flight to Berlin! Day 4: Berlin Day 2: Berlin Visit a Local Business Berlin's outstanding infrastructure and highly qualified and educated Arrive in Berlin workforce make it a competitive location for business. Today you will Arrive in historic Berlin, once again the German capital. For many visit a local business. (Please note this visit is pending confirmation years the city was defined by the wall that separated its residents. In and will be confirmed closer to departure.) the last decade, since the monumental events that ended Communist rule in the East, Berlin has once again emerged as a treasure of arts Receive a 3 Day Museum Pass and architecture with a vibrant heart.