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Predation on the Amazon Water Snake Hydrops Martii (Squamata: Dipsadidae) by the Redeye Piranha Serrasalmus Rhombeus (Serrasalmidae)

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Predation on the Amazon Water Snake Hydrops Martii (Squamata: Dipsadidae) by the Redeye Piranha Serrasalmus Rhombeus (Serrasalmidae) Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 553-554 (2020) (published online on 12 July 2020) Predation on the Amazon water snake Hydrops martii (Squamata: Dipsadidae) by the redeye piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus (Serrasalmidae) Rodrigo Tavares-Pinheiro1,*, Pedro Hugo Esteves-Silva2,3, Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira2,4, Vinícius A. M. B. de Figueiredo1, Marcos Tavares-Dias2, and Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos1 The genus Hydrops Wagler, 1830 comprises three nine species that has large size and rhomboid body. species of water snakes: Hydrops caesurus Scrocchi, This species is restricted to South America, Amazon Ferreira, Giraudo, Avila & Motte, 2005, Hydrops martii and Orinoco River basins, north and eastern Guiana (Wagler, 1824) and Hydrops triangularis (Wagler, Shield rivers, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers 1824). Hydrops martii can be distinguished from other (Jégu, 2003). It usually feeds upon fish, crustacean, two above mentioned species by 17 longitudinal dorsal scales in the middle of the body (Scrocchi et al., 2005). It is a moderated-size, oviparous and nocturnal species found in streams and rivers from Brazil, Colombia and Peru (Albuquerque, 2000). In Brazil, H. martii have been found in states of Amazonas, Pará and more recently in Amapá State (Entiauspe-Neto et al., 2017). This species feeds upon fishes (Cunha and Nascimento, 1993) and is preyed upon by several animals, such as snake Micrurus lemniscatus (Cunha and Nascimento, 1978), other aquatic snakes or fishes (Albuquerque and Camargo, 2004) and alligators (Silveira and Magnusson, 1999). Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) is a species complex of the family Serrasalmidae composed by 1 Universidade Federal do Amapá, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Campus Marco Zero do Equador, 68903-419, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. 2 EMBRAPA Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 5, 68903-419, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (Evolução), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) /Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66.075- 110, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil. 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, 68.903-419, Universidade, Figure 1. Stomach contents of Serrasalmus rhombeus with a Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. partly digested Hydrops martii. A. Specimen of S. rhombeus. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] B. Partly digested H. martii in stomach of S. rhombeus. 554 Rodrigo Tavares-Pinheiro et al. aquatic invertebrates and microcrustaceans (Sá-Oliveira Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia. PUCRS, et al., 2017; Cardoso et al., 2019). Here, we report a Série Zoologia 17: 21–32. S. rhombeus female specimen containing an adult H. Andrade, E.B., Júnior, T.B.L., Júnior, M.A.L., Leite, J.R.S.A. (2012): Predation by native fish and feeding by crab species on martii in its stomach content. Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Anura: On 21 March 2019, at 07:15 h, a specimen of S. Leptodactylidae) in northeastern, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 5: rhombeus (standard length 312 mm, weight 830 g) was 173–175. collected with gillnets (15 mm and 20 mm meshes) Cardoso, D.C., Dehart, P., Freitas, C.E.C., Siqueira-Souza, F.K. in lower Jari River (51.9913°W, 1.1507°S, WGS84), (2019): Diet and ecomorphology of predator fish species of the an important tributary to the eastern Amazon, state Amazonian floodplain lakes. Biota Neotropica 19: e20180678. Cunha, O.R., Nascimento, F.P. (1978): Ofídios da Amazônia X of Amapá, northern Brazil. The dissection revealed – As cobras da região leste do Pará. Publicações Avulsas do a partially digested adult of H. martii in the fish Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 31: 1–218. stomach. The dorsal and ventral pattern of parts of this Cunha, O.R., Nascimento, F.P. (1993): Ofídios da Amazônia. As specimen were still recognizable, which permitted the cobras da região leste do Pará. Boletim do Museu Paraense species identification. The snake was deposited at the Emílio Goeldi 9: 1–191. Herpetological Collection of Universidade Federal do Entiauspe-Neto, O.M., Abegg, A.D., Pinheiro, R.T., Borges, Amapá (CECC 3447). L.M., Loebmann, D. (2017): Hydrops martii (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae): first record in Amapá state, northern There are already records of fish preying on Brazil. Check List 13: 659–661. herpetofauna animals, such as anurans (Andrade et al., Jégu, M. (2003): Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). In: Checklist 2012; Lima et al., 2019), but the records of snakes by fish of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, p. 182– are scarce. There are no reports of S. rhombeus predation 196. Reis, R.E., Kullander, S.O., Ferraris Jr., C.J. Eds., Porto of amphibians or reptiles, which is an opportunistic Alegre, Brasil, EDIPUCRS. hunter fish, capable of feeding on large prey, because Lima, J.D., Lima, J.R.F., Sobrinho, A.F. (2019): Predation of a it has rows of extremely dented teeth designed to easily harlequin toad, Atelopus hoogmoedi Lescure, 1974 by the gold wolf fish, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix and Agassiz, 1829), tear its prey. In sum, this is the first record of predation in a stream of the Cajari River Extractive Reserve, Amapá, of H. martii by S. rhombeus and our study clear the Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 587–589. importance of as snakes, are important for the food Sá-Oliveira, J.C., Ferrari, S.F., Vasconcelos, H.G.C., Araújo, chain of animals with aquatic habits, also ours record A.S., Costa-Campos, C.E., Mattos-Dias, C.A.G., Fecury, A.A., adds one item not yet reported in the literature to the Oliveira, E., Mendes-Júnior, R.N., Isaac, V.J. (2017): Resource diet of S. rhombeus. Partitioning between Two Piranhas (Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus) in an Amazonian Reservoir. The Scientific World Journal 2017: 1–9. Acknowledgements. We would like to thank Dr. Marcelo C. Scrocchi, G.J., Ferreira, V.L., Giraudo, A., Ávila, R.W., Motte, Andrade (UFPA) for providing the pre-peer review of this M. (2005): A new species of Hydrops (Serpentes: Colubridae: manuscript and Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Hydropsini) from Brazil. Herpetologica 4: 468–477. Biodiversidade – ICMBio/SISBIO for collect permit (#48102- Silveira, R.D., Magnusson, W.E. (1999): Diets of Spectacled 2). We would to like to thank Mr, José Pena de Oliveira for his and Black Caiman in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, Central assistance in collecting fish. The authors thank the Conselho Amazonia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 33: 181–192. Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil, for (1) the research productivity grant to PhD. M. Tavares- Dias (# 303013/20150); (2) for granting a doctoral scholarship to Oliveira, MSB which thanks too the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBio) and (3) for granting master degree scholarship to Esteves-Silva,, PH which thanks too Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL). References Albuquerque, N.R. (2000): The status of Hydrops martii (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes: Colubridae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 16: 153–161. Albuquerque, N.F., Camargo, M. (2004): Hábitos alimentares e comentários sobre a predação e reprodução das espécies Accepted by Anamarija Zagar do gênero Hydrops Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Colubridae) .
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