Numen 67 (2020) 453–482 brill.com/nu “Rehabilitating” Pilgrimage in Scotland: Heritage, Protestant Pilgrimage, and Caledonian Caminos Marion Bowman Religious Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
[email protected] Abstract Caminoization and the heritagization of religion are significant factors in the devel- opment of “new” pilgrimage in Scotland this century, helping to produce pragmatic and distinctive reworkings of pilgrimage in what was, traditionally, a predominantly Protestant milieu. Here I review the pre- and post-Reformation context of Scottish pil- grimage, outline significant influences and agents in “new” Scottish pilgrimage ideas and praxis (including the Scottish Pilgrim Routes Forum), and give a detailed account of the development of the Fife Pilgrim Way (officially launched in July 2019) as an example par excellence of how pilgrimage currently is being operationalized and re- framed, influenced by both Caminoization and heritagization. This analysis shows that Scotland’s contemporary “rehabilitation” of pilgrimage is driven by multiple agents and agendas (religious, civic, economic, and societal), and that its roots lie inter alia in Scotland’s complex identity politics, Celticism, sectarianism, pro-European sentiments, and a pragmatic reassessment of and reengagement with Scotland’s frag- mented pilgrimage past. Keywords Scotland – pilgrimage – Caminoization – heritagization – Church of Scotland – Scottish Pilgrim Routes Forum In this article I examine current trends in the Caminoization and the heritagi- zation of religion in relation to the growth of “new” pilgrimage in Scotland. The Camino de Santiago de Compostela, designated a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe in 1987, has come to epitomize the trend toward “heritagization” © Marion Bowman, 2020 | doi:10.1163/15685276-12341598 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license.