DOCSLIB.ORG

Memorial to John Everts Lamar 1897-1979

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Memorial to John Everts Lamar 1897-1979 Memorial to John Everts Lamar 1897-1979 H. B. WILLMAN Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820 John Everts Lamar was recognized internationally as a geologist and specialist in industrial minerals. For nearly 50 years he provided the people of Illinois, through their State Geological Survey, with informa­ tion about the availability and use of the industrial minerals of the State. After his retirement in 1966, he continued to share his broad knowledge of the geology of Illinois with those who followed in his footsteps, until only a few months before his death in Urbana, Illinois, on August 24, 1979, at the age of 81. “J. E.,” as he was known to associates and friends throughout the country, was an active member in several professional and scientific organizations, in­ cluding the Industrial Minerals Division and the Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, the Society of Economic Geologists, the Illinois Society of Engineers, the American Ceramic Society, Sigma Xi, and the Illinois Academy of Science. He was a charter member of the Geochemical Society and a Fellow of the Geological Society of America. He received the Hal Williams Hardinge Award of the AIME in 1971. The citation reads “ For creatively conducting and directing basic and applied research directed to enhancing the utilization and development of industrial minerals, especially those native to the State of Illinois.” He also received the Distinguished Member Award of the Society of Mining Engineers and a certificate of appreciation for his participation in the development of plans showing the contribution of science to industrial development at the Chicago World’s Fair Centennial Celebration in 1933. While a student at the University of Chicago in 1918, J. E. taught military mapping to army trainees and, in the summer, was employed by the Illinois State Geological Survey as a field assistant to J Harlen Bretz in mapping the Camp Grant area at Rock­ ford, then a major training center of the U.S. Army. He also worked for the Survey in the summer of 1919 in a study of limestone for road materials. On graduating from the University of Chicago with a B.S. degree in 1920, J. E. became a full-time employee of the Survey. Except for teaching one semester at the University of Illinois, he spent the rest of his career with the Survey. He was an associ­ ate geologist in charge of nonmetallic mineral studies from 1923 to 1926 when he be­ came geologist and head of the Nonfuels Division, which was renamed the Industrial Minerals Division in 1939. The division, later called a section, continued to cover the entire field of nonfuel minerals until 1945 when clay resources and clay mineral technology were made a separate section. When J. E. came to the Illinois Geological Survey, it was only 15 years old and had only a small staff of full-time geologists. During his first few years, he gained experi­ ence with a variety of assignments. He was the Survey’s first micropaleontologist, studying ostracodes of the Chesterian shales. He was the Survey’s first petroleum 2 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA engineer, studying sources of drilling muds and corrosion of oil-field well casing and tubing in the mid-1920s. At about the same time, his study of karst topography and sewage disposal in the Alton area was an early entrance of the Survey into the field of engineering geology. He set up the Survey’s first sedimentation laboratory, one of the earlier ones in the country. His field studies during the early years included the exami­ nation of limestone and dolomite quarries in northern Illinois and the geologic mapping and stratigraphy of the Carbondale quadrangle in southern Illinois. Study of the industrial minerals resources in Illinois was certainly a challenge to the young geologist. At least 18 different kinds of rocks and minerals have been used com­ mercially in Illinois in 30 or more industries producing products for hundreds of uses. He responded to the challenge through the years with 90 publications. In addition, 127 unpublished manuscripts by J. E. Lamar are on file at the Illinois Geological Sur­ vey. His publications are impressive not only in abundance but in the variety of subjects and their lasting usefulness. Although J. E.’s scientific contributions are largely in the field of economic ge­ ology, he also made significant contributions in sedimentation and stratigraphy. He was a very practical person, and in evaluating the merits of research, he frequently raised the question, “What’s it good for?” which perhaps is the trademark of a dedicated eco­ nomic geologist. Nevertheless, he had a basic interest in the origin of sediments, and his economic objectives were reached by sound studies of stratigraphy and petrography. In the field of stratigraphy, his study of the Carbondale quadrangle in southern Illinois (1925) was particularly rewarding, because the area crossed the southern bound­ ary of both the Illinois Coal Basin and the glaciated region as well as the northern margin of the Shawnee Hills (the Illinois Ozarks). He gave the first detailed description of the entire Chesterian Series in southwestern Illinois and differentiated the principal sandstone and shale formations of the basal Pennsylvanian strata. He made the first detailed map of a segment of the glacial border, showing two outlet channels for glacial drainage across the Shawnee Hills divide to the Ohio River drainage. In 1930, with Arle Sutton, he made the first detailed study of the Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments at the head of the Mississippi Embayment in extreme southern Illinois. Many of his later economic studies made significant stratigraphic contributions, especially to the St. Peter Sandstone, the Mississippian limestones, and the Lafayette gravel. J. E.’s interests in sedimentary petrology resulted in several papers on equipment and techniques and others on oolite, halloysite clay in Illinois, water soluble salts and clay minerals in limestone and dolomite, and heavy minerals in sands and gravels. J. E.’s writings in the field of industrial minerals covered almost the entire range of their production in Illinois. To make sure he had not overlooked some, he wrote a useful paper on “ Unexploited or little known industrial minerals in Illinois.” During his lengthy tenure, the value of the industrial minerals produced in Illinois increased from about $62,000,000 in 1923 to $215,000,000 when he retired in 1966. Although the growth was largely in response to expanding industrialization and the growth in population, it was possible because the essential mineral resources, particularly the building materials, were available and basic geologic studies of these resources had anticipated the future needs. J. E.’s earliest major report, with Frank Krey in 1925, was a large bulletin on the limestone resources of Illinois that described not only the geology and equipment of all quarries operating in the State but many abandoned quarries and outcrops suitable for MEMORIAL TO JOHN EVERTS LAMAR 3 quarry sites. The stratigraphy, physical properties, chemical composition, and potential uses of the geologic formations are described. Now 55 years old, this bulletin is still frequently referred to not only for its historical significance but as a source of basic data not available elsewhere. His report on the St. Peter Sandstone in 1928 is a classic—an exceptionally thorough economic study of the silica sand industry in the Ottawa, Illinois, region and the prop­ erties favoring its wide use as silica sand in the glass, molding sand, standard testing sand, abrasives, chemical, and many other industries. The basic study strongly sup­ ported the marine origin of the St. Peter Sandstone, which then was controversial. J. E.’s publication in 1938 describing the many uses of limestone and dolomite and the chemical and physical specifications of stone for most uses has been called the finest publication in its field. It has been widely used both nationally and internationally, and the 1961 revision is in a second printing. He was the senior author of bulletins reporting joint research by the geological and chemical groups of the Survey on rock-wool manufacture (1934) and later on materials for portland cement manufacture (1956). His last major publication (1967), a handbook on limestone and dolomite for Illinois quarry operators, is a compendium of geologic, physical, and chemical data based on his familiarity with the questions that quarry operators commonly ask of a geologist, and it is widely used throughout the country. J. E.’s shorter papers, many with joint authors, include several on extreme south­ ern Illinois, particularly on resources of limestone and dolomite, sandstones, clays and shales, fuller’s earth, and siliceous materials. His research on limestone and dolomite also resulted in papers on the resources of several parts of the State, and on high calcium limestone, agricultural limestone, and the shape of limestone and dolomite fragments produced by crushing. In the field of clays and shales, J. E. wrote about gumbotil for drilling mud, re­ fractory clays, Anna kaolin as a decolorizing agent, shales and clays as mortar mix, bonding clays for molding sand, oil shales, ceramic tests of clays and shales, and light­ weight brick from clay and peat or shredded corn cobs. J. E. also wrote papers on resources of sand and gravel, peat and muck, gypsum and anhydrite. He wrote the articles on “Stone” and “ Cement Rock” in the 1956 edi­ tion of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the article on “Sand” in the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. J. E. instigated and gave general supervision to other projects in the field of in­ dustrial minerals. He supervised a study of the mineral resources along the Illinois Waterway during its construction in 1929-1930.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sculpted by Floods Learning Resource Guide Overview
    Sculpted by Floods Learning Resource Guide Overview: KSPS’s Sculpted by Floods tells the story of the ice age floods in the Pacific Northwest. It is a story of the earth's power, scientific discovery and human nature - one touted by enthusiasts as the greatest story left untold. During the last ice age, floods flowing with ten times the volume of all the world's current rivers combined inundated the Northwest. What they left behind was a unique landscape that citizens of the Pacific Northwest call home. Subjects: Earth Science, Geology, History, Pacific Northwest History Grade Levels: 6-8 Materials: Lesson handouts, laptops/computers Learning Guide Objectives: Define the following vocabulary terms and use them orally and in writing: glacier, flood, cataracts, landform, canyon, dam. Analyze how floods can create landforms and shape a region’s landscape, using the Missoula Floods as a case study. Next Generation Science Standards MS-ESS2-2. Construct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth’s surface at varying time and spatial scales. Washington State History Standards EALR 4: HISTORY: 3.1. Understands the physical characteristics, cultural characteristics, and location of places, regions, and spatial patterns on the Earth’s surface Common Core English Language Arts Anchor & Literacy in History/Social Studies Standards CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7. Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington's Channeled Scabland
    t\D l'llrl,. \·· ~. r~rn1 ,uR\fEY Ut,l\n . .. ,Y:ltate" tit1Washington ALBEIT D. ROSEWNI, Governor Department of Conservation EARL COE, Dlnctor DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 45 WASHINGTON'S CHANNELED SCABLAND By J HARLEN BRETZ 9TAT• PIUHTIHO PLANT ~ OLYMPIA, WASH., 1"511 State of Washington ALBERT D. ROSELLINI, Governor Department of Conservation EARL COE, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 45 WASHINGTON'S CHANNELED SCABLAND By .T HARLEN BRETZ l•or sate by Department or Conservation, Olympia, Washington. Price, 50 cents. FOREWORD Most travelers who have driven through eastern Washington have seen a geologic and scenic feature that is unique-nothing like it is to be found anywhere else in the world. This is the Channeled Scab­ land, a gigantic series of deeply cut channels in the erosion-resistant Columbia River basalt, the rock that covers most of the east-central and southeastern part of the state. Grand Coulee, with its spectac­ ular Dry Falls, is one of the most widely known features of this ex­ tensive set of dry channels. Many thousands of travelers must have wondered how this Chan­ neled Scabland came into being, and many geologists also have speculated as to its origin. Several geologists have published papers outlining their theories of the scabland's origin, but the geologist who has made the most thorough study of the problem and has ex­ amined the whole area and all the evidence having a bearing on the problem is Dr. J Harlen Bretz. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Man of Scorn
    By Jeff Reich The Man of Scorn f I asked you where the world’s largest waterfall is located, how would you reply? Would it be Inga or Kisangani Falls, both located in the Congo, or Niagara Falls, or Imaybe Victoria Falls located on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe? Well, those are some great answers. But would you believe it is located in central Washington State in America? “What?” you might exclaim. But it is true. The only problem is, this falls has not had water running over it for centuries; thus the reason for its name — Dry Falls. Here is what Wikipedia tells us: As stated, it is around 400 feet high which at one point was estimated to “Dry Falls is a 3.5 mile long scalloped and over 3 miles long, which makes it have been up to 1,000 feet deep! More precipice in central Washington on the almost fi ve times the width of Niagara than 2,000 square miles of central opposite side of the Upper Grand Cou- Falls and over twice as high. What must Washington State were scrubbed bare, lee from the Columbia River, and at the the falls have looked like with its full forming what is called “the scablands.” head of the Lower Grand Coulee. At fi ve volume of water thundering over it? It And nearly 1,000 square miles of the times the width of Niagara, Dry Falls would have shaken the ground for miles scablands contain gravel deposits from is thought to be the greatest known around.
    [Show full text]
  • Caves of Missouri
    CAVES OF MISSOURI J HARLEN BRETZ Vol. XXXIX, Second Series E P LU M R I U BU N S U 1956 STATE OF MISSOURI Department of Business and Administration Division of GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND WATER RESOURCES T. R. B, State Geologist Rolla, Missouri vii CONTENT Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 5 Origin of Missouri's caves 6 Cave patterns 13 Solutional features 14 Phreatic solutional features 15 Vadose solutional features 17 Topographic relations of caves 23 Cave "formations" 28 Deposits made in air 30 Deposits made at air-water contact 34 Deposits made under water 36 Rate of growth of cave formations 37 Missouri caves with provision for visitors 39 Alley Spring and Cave 40 Big Spring and Cave 41 Bluff Dwellers' Cave 44 Bridal Cave 49 Cameron Cave 55 Cathedral Cave 62 Cave Spring Onyx Caverns 72 Cherokee Cave 74 Crystal Cave 81 Crystal Caverns 89 Doling City Park Cave 94 Fairy Cave 96 Fantastic Caverns 104 Fisher Cave 111 Hahatonka, caves in the vicinity of 123 River Cave 124 Counterfeiters' Cave 128 Robbers' Cave 128 Island Cave 130 Honey Branch Cave 133 Inca Cave 135 Jacob's Cave 139 Keener Cave 147 Mark Twain Cave 151 Marvel Cave 157 Meramec Caverns 166 Mount Shira Cave 185 Mushroom Cave 189 Old Spanish Cave 191 Onondaga Cave 197 Ozark Caverns 212 Ozark Wonder Cave 217 Pike's Peak Cave 222 Roaring River Spring and Cave 229 Round Spring Cavern 232 Sequiota Spring and Cave 248 viii Table of Contents Smittle Cave 250 Stark Caverns 256 Truitt's Cave 261 Wonder Cave 270 Undeveloped and wild caves of Missouri 275 Barry County 275 Ash Cave
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Geologic Background
    Ice Age Floods Study of Alternatives Background section d BACKGROUND 1. Geologic Background n recent geological history, portions of the United States have been the site of several Imassive flooding events caused by the abrupt drainage of glacial lakes. The most dramatic of these are the Ice Age Floods, which covered parts of Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. For a better understanding of the Floods, perhaps a good place to start is to first look at the geological and climatic changes that led up to these cataclysmic floods. NPS Photo Today’s travelers to the Northwest are witnesses Generally accepted scientific evidence extinct 65 million years ago, and about to a story that puzzled geologists for years. indicates that the earth is around 4.5 to 20 million years ago, in late Cenozoic 4.6 billion years old. Glaciation can be Era, the Pacific Northwest started to look traced all the way back to the Proterozoic much as it does today, with its Era, approximately 2.3 billion years ago, mountains, valleys, and shorelines. when the earth was covered with ice. Near the end of the Proterozoic Era, Ice Ages have occurred sporadically summary between 850 and 600 million years ago, throughout the earth’s history, although his section presents a brief overview of the rock records indicate another global they represent a relatively small part of TGlacial Lake Missoula Floods story, two of the glaciation period. geologic time. Many of the still visible key people involved with discovering the Floods effects of the great ice sheets that and the glacial lake from which the Floods About 200 million years ago the Atlantic periodically covered parts of North originated, and events that led up to the initiation Ocean began to open up and the America were produced during the last of the Ice Age Floods Alternatives Study.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Perspective the Spokane Flood Debates
    Geological Society, London, Special Publications The Spokane Flood debates: historical background and philosophical perspective Victor R. Baker Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2008; v. 301; p. 33-50 doi:10.1144/SP301.3 Email alerting click here to receive free email alerts when new articles cite this service article Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or part of this article request Subscribe click here to subscribe to Geological Society, London, Special Publications or the Lyell Collection Notes Downloaded by on 18 August 2008 © 2008 Geological Society of London The Spokane Flood debates: historical background and philosophical perspective VICTOR R. BAKER Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721–0011, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The 1920s–1930s debates over the origin of the ‘Channeled Scabland’ landscape of eastern Washington, northwestern USA, focused on the cataclysmic flooding hypothesis of J Harlen Bretz. During the summer of 1922, Bretz began leading field parties of advanced University of Chicago students into the region. In his first paper, published in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Bretz took special care not to mention cataclysmic origins. However, in a subsequent paper in the Journal of Geology, to the editorial board of which he had recently been added, Bretz formally described his hypothesis that an immense late Pleistocene flood, which he named the ‘Spokane Flood’, had derived from the margins of the nearby Cordilleran Ice Sheet. This cataclysm neatly accounted for numerous interrelated aspects of the Channeled Scabland landscape and nearby regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing the Papers of EWU Professor Dale F. Stradling John C
    Eastern Washington University EWU Digital Commons EWU Masters Thesis Collection Student Research and Creative Works 2012 Eastern Washington University and the Ice Age flood debate: processing the papers of EWU Professor Dale F. Stradling John C. Moudy Eastern Washington University Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.ewu.edu/theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Moudy, John C., "Eastern Washington University and the Ice Age flood debate: processing the papers of EWU Professor Dale F. Stradling" (2012). EWU Masters Thesis Collection. 61. http://dc.ewu.edu/theses/61 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research and Creative Works at EWU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EWU Masters Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of EWU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AND THE ICE AGE FLOOD DEBATE: PROCESSING THE PAPERS OF EWU PROFESSOR EMERITUS DALE F. STRADLING ________________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented To Eastern Washington University Cheney, Washington ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ________________________________________________________________________ By John C. Moudy Spring 2012 1 EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AND THE ICE AGE FLOOD DEBATE: PROCESSING THE PAPERS OF EWU PROFESSOR EMERITUS DALE F. STRADLING A Thesis by John Chase
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Megaflood Landscapes of the Channeled Scabland
    The Geological Society of America Field Guide 41 Pleistocene megaflood landscapes of the Channeled Scabland Victor R. Baker* Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, USA Bruce N. Bjornstad Ice Age Floodscapes, Richland, Washington 99354, USA David R. Gaylord School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2812, USA Gary A. Smith Organization, Information, and Learning Sciences, MSC05 3020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA Scott E. Meyer Office of Water Programs, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95819-6025, USA Petteri Alho Department of Geography, Turku University, Turku, Fl-20014, Finland Roy M. Breckenridge Idaho Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA Mark R. Sweeney Earth Sciences Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA Marek Zreda Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, USA ABSTRACT The Channeled Scabland of east-central Washington comprises a complex of anas- tomosing fluvial channels that were eroded by Pleistocene megaflooding into the basalt bedrock and overlying sediments of the Columbia Plateau and Columbia Basin regions of eastern Washington State, U.S.A. The cataclysmic flooding produced huge coulees (dry river courses), cataracts, streamlined loess hills, rock basins, butte-and-basin scab- land, potholes, inner channels, broad gravel deposits,
    [Show full text]
  • The Channeled Scablands of the Columbia Plateau Author(S): J
    The Channeled Scablands of the Columbia Plateau Author(s): J. Harlen Bretz Source: The Journal of Geology, Vol. 31, No. 8 (Nov. - Dec., 1923), pp. 617-649 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30066357 . Accessed: 16/01/2015 14:23 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Geology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.193.213.194 on Fri, 16 Jan 2015 14:23:28 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions VOLUME XXXI NUMBER 8 THE JOURNAL oF GEOLOGY November-December 1923 THE CHANNELED SCABLANDS OF THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU J HARLEN BRETZ University of Chicago OUTLINE DEFINITION OF " SCABLAND" PHYSIOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE CHANNELED SCABLANDS GENERALIZED STATEMENT OF THE ORIGIN OF THE CHANNELED SCABLANDS THE BASALT PLAIN, NORTH OF THE SCABLANDS AND THE MATURE TOPOGRAPHY THE MATURE TOPOGRAPHY DETAILS OF A SCABLAND SURFACE ALTITUDES AND GRADIENTS OF THE SCABLAND TRACTS DEPTH OF GLACIAL STREAM EROSION IN THE SCABLANDS Criteria Instances VOLUME OF THE GLACIAL STREAMS DEPOSITS MADE BY THE GLACIAL STREAMS DEPTHS OF SNAKE AND COLUMBIA VALLEYS DURING THE EPOCH THE GLACIATION DEFINITION OF " SCABLAND" The terms "scabland" and "scabrock" are used in the Pacific Northwest to describe areas where denudation has removed or prevented the accumulation of a mantle of soil, and the underlying rock is exposed or covered largely with its own coarse, angular debris.
    [Show full text]
  • Mystery of the Megaflood 1 Have Students Locate Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana on a U.S
    Original broadcast: September 20, 2005 BEFORE WATCHING Mystery of the Megaflood 1 Have students locate Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana on a U.S. map that displays landforms. What do they notice about the PROGRAM OVERVIEW geological features of the four NOVA presents the story of the greatest states? Have students follow the valley systems known as drainages. flood ever found in the geologic record Do they link together? Do they lead and the geologist who went against in a particular direction? Then have prevaiing theories to explain that the students locate Missoula and the flood had occurred. west flank of the Rocky Mountains and trace the drainages of this area. The program: 2 Glaciers are often referred to as • reviews geologist J Harlen Bretz’s radical theory—first proposed “rivers of ice.” Ask students what in 1923—that a massive flood formed some of the Pacific they know about glaciers. Have students ever seen a glacier? In Northwest’s unusual geologic features. which regions of the world do • presents the evidence collected by Bretz during his research, students think they would be including the existence of the Channeled Scabland and the dry located? Where in the United waterfalls, potholes, and erratics within the scablands. States? How are they formed? Define glaciers for students and • explains that, at the time, most scientists believed the Northwest’s review some facts about them geological features were created through gradual erosive processes; (see Background on page 2 for more the scientists followed the theory of uniformitarianism, which ruled information). out sudden catastrophic creations of landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland Author(S): J
    The Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland Author(s): J. Harlen Bretz Source: The Journal of Geology, Vol. 77, No. 5 (Sep., 1969), pp. 505-543 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30062250 . Accessed: 15/01/2015 10:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Geology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.193.164.203 on Thu, 15 Jan 2015 10:22:29 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE LAKE MISSOULA FLOODS AND THE CHANNELED SCABLAND1 J HARLEN BRETZ Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago ABSTRACT This paper reviews the outstanding evidence for (1) repeated catastrophic outbursts of Montana's glacially dammed Lake Missoula, (2) consequent overwhelming in many places of the preglacial divide along the northern margin of the Columbia Plateau in Washington, (3) remaking of the plateau's preglacial drainage pattern into an anastomosing complex of floodwater channels (Channeled Scabland) locally eroded hundreds of feet into underlying basalt, (4) convergence of these flood-born rivers into the Columbia Valley at least as far as Portland, Oregon, and (5) deposition of a huge delta at Portland.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Chicago Region
    STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, GoHntor DEPARTMENT OP REGISTRATION AND EDUCA'l'ION VERA M. BINKS, Dj,«UJr DIVISION OP THE STATE GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Cbl;J URBANA B U L L E T I N N 0 . 65, P A 1t T I I GEOLOGY OF THE CHICAGO REGION PART II-IBEPLEISTOCENE BY J llARLBN BRETZ Pll.INTED BYUTHOlllTY A OF THE STATE O"l' lLLlNOlS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1955 STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION VERA M. BINKS, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOG IC AL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA B u L L E T I N N 0 . 65, p A RT I I GEOLOGY OF THE CHICAGO REGION PART II - THE PLEISTOCEN E BY J HARLEN BRETZ PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1955 ORGANIZATION ST ATE OF ILLINOIS HON. WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. VERA M. BINKS, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURC ES AND CONS ERVAT IO N HON. VERA M. BINKS, Chairman W. H. NEWHOUSE, PH.D., Geology ROGER ADAMS, PH.D., D.Sc., Chemistry R. H. ANDERSON, B.S., Engineering 0 A. E. EMERSO�. PH.D., Biology LEWIS H. TIFFANY, PH.D., Po.D., Forestry W. L. EVERITT, E.E., PH.D., Representing the President of the University of Illinois DELYTE W. MORRIS, PH.D. President of Southern Illinois University GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVIS IO N M. M. LEIGHTON, PH.D., Chief STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Natural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. LEIGHTON, PH.D., Chief Esm TOWNLEY, M.S., Geologist and Assistant to the Chief VELDA A.
    [Show full text]