ĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͗ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ

WƌŽĨ͘:͘/njĐŽ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŽƚĂŶLJ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶƟĂŐŽĚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚĞůĂ͘ ͲϭϱϳϴϮ^ĂŶƟĂŐŽĚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚĞůĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿ͘ͲŵĂŝů͗ũĞƐƵƐ͘ŝnjĐŽΛƵƐĐ͘ĞƐ

ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͘ 'ůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ;ĐƵů - ƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůͿ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͕ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚŝŶƚŚĞǁŝĚĞ sense and as species of the genus Camellia ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŚĂǀĞƚƌĂǀĞůůĞĚĮƌƐƚƚŽƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƚŚĞLJŚĂǀĞƐƉƌĞĂĚĂůůŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ůŝŶŬĞĚ to cultural, economic, ornamental or sociologic processes. Examples of these processes are the /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͕ƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ͘ <ĞLJǁŽƌĚƐ͘ /ŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂůŇŽƌĂ͕ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ŝŶĐƵůƚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ͕DĐ>Ƶ - ŚĂŶ͕ƚƌĂŶƐĐƵůƚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƐŽĐŝĂůŝnjŝŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ 'ůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ƐŝŶĐĞůŝǀŝŶŐďĞŝŶŐƐƚĞŶĚƚŽŵŽǀĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͘,ƵŵĂŶďĞŝŶŐƐŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚƌŝď - ƵƚĞĚƚŽŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůƐĂŶĚĨƵƐŝŽŶĂŵŽŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͘ 9 tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚŝƐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂƌĞĂĐůĞĂƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ďŽƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐĞŶƐĞĂŶĚĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚ sensory universe of men. ĂŵĞůůŝĂĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ dŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͕ďƌŽĂĚůLJƐƉĞĂŬŝŶŐ͕ĂƐĂůůůŝŶĞĂŐĞƐŽĨŽƚĂŶLJŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family, occupy a broad stripe around the globe. The surface of this land depends on the concept of the group. The more restricted family concept, established on the basis of ŵŽůĞĐƵůĂƌĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ;^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ĚƌĂǁƐĂŶĞƋƵĂƚŽƌŝĂůƐƚƌŝƉĞ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞƉůĂŶƚƐŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ in areas that go beyond the tropics in Southeastern Asia and in the whole American con- ƟŶĞŶƚ͘dŚĞĂďƐŽůƵƚĞůŝŵŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƚƌŝďĞ 'ŽƌĚŽŶŝĞĂĞ ͕ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůϰϬΣE͕ŝŶŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůϭϴǑ^͕ŝŶƚŚĞƌĂnjŝůŝĂŶ coast. ĂŵĞůůŝĂŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ :ŽƵƌŶĞLJƚŽƚŚĞtĞƐƚ ͘tŚĞŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĚĞƌŽƵƚĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ͕ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ŝŶĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨŝŵƉŽƌƟŶŐŐŽŽĚƐŽƌŶĞǁƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚďƌŝŶŐŐƌĞĂƚďĞŶĞĮƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƵƌŽ - ƉĞĂŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ͕ĂůƐŽĂƚƌŝƐŬŽĨŚĂǀŝŶŐƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůŽƐƐĞƐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŚĂnjĂƌĚƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚƌŝƉƐ͘dŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ/ŶĚŝĂŶĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐďƵŝůƚĂďƌŝĚŐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐŝĂĂŶĚƵƌŽƉĞƚŽ commercialize the valuable spices (cinnamon, cloves were shiped to Europe regularly). ^ƉĂŝŶƚƌŝĞĚƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƚƌĂĚĞƌŽƵƚĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞǀĞƌƐĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞƚůĂŶƟĐKĐĞĂŶ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƐƚŽƉŝŶŝƚƐůĂŶĚƐŽĨĞŶƚƌĂůŵĞƌŝĐĂ͘&ƌŽŵƚŚĞƌĞ͕ƚŚĞLJŶĂǀŝŐĂƚ - ĞĚƚŚĞWĂĐŝĮĐKĐĞĂŶƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞWŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͘dŚĂƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞLJ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƚŚĞĐŚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚƌĂǀĞůŝŶŐďĂĐŬĂŶĚĨŽƌƚŚďĞƚǁĞĞŶDĞdžŝĐŽĂŶĚƚŚĞWŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞEŽƌƚŚWĂĐŝĮĐ͘dŚĞŶĞǁƌŽƵƚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ ƐŝĂŶĂŶĚDĞdžŝĐĂŶĐŽĂƐƚǁĂƐŬŶŽǁŶĂƐDĂŶŝůĂ'ĂůůĞŽŶ͕ĐĂƉƵůĐŽ'ĂůůĞŽŶ͕ƐŝůŬǀĞƐƐĞůŽƌ

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ EĂŽĚĞůĂŚŝŶĂƌŽƵƚĞ͕ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƉŽƌƚ͕ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŵŵŽĚŝƚLJŽƌƚŚĞ ŽƌŝŐŝŶŽĨƚŚĞŐŽŽĚƐ͘ĂĐŬŝŶDĞdžŝĐŽ͕ƚŚĞƌŽƵƚĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŝŶůĂŶĚƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƉŽƌƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĂ - ƌŝďďĞĂŶ^ĞĂƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƚŽǁŶƐĂŶĚĐŝƟĞƐ͘ Undoubtedly, the interest of Spain in these distant lands was twofold. On the one ŚĂŶĚ͕ŝƚǁĂƐĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞǁĂƐůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽ ĞǀĂŶŐĞůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͖ĂŶĚǁĂƐĂůƐŽŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚďLJƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŝŵƐ͘ƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐ religious mission, the Spanish and Portuguese missionaries contributed to the fusion of ƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĚĞǀŽƟŽŶďLJŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƐLJŵďŽůƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚ ďƵƚŝŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚ͘dŚĞLJĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƚƵƌŶƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂŝŶƚŽĂƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐƐLJŵďŽů ŝŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͖͘,ŝƌƵŬŝ;ϮϬϬϱ͕ϮϬϬϲͿĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞsŝƌŐŝŶ Mary with the rose itself in the Catholicism, was done in the East with an apparently ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŶĂƟǀĞŇŽǁĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŽƌŝĚĞĂůŝnjĞĚĨŽƌŵƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐĂůƐŽ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĂƐĂƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůƐLJŵďŽů͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐŽƌĚĞƌƐďƌŽƵŐŚƚďĂĐŬƚŽ ƵƌŽƉĞŶĞǁŝĚĞĂƐ͕ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ĂƌƚŽďũĞĐƚƐ͕ƉůĂŶƚƐŽƌƉůĂŶƚĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚĞĂ and probably the ornamental camellia. dŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ ͘ǀĞƌLJĚĂLJŶĞǁĂŶĚƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĚĂƚĞƐŽĨĂƌƌŝǀĂůŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐƚŽƵƌŽƉĞĂƌĞĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ͘'ŝůĚĞ^ĞĂďƌĂ;ϮϬϬϱͿƚƌĂŶƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŽǁƌLJŽĨĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĞŽĨƌĂŐĂŶnjĂ͕ĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌŽĨ<ŝŶŐWĞĚƌŽ/sŽĨWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕ĨŽƌŚĞƌ ŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞƚŽ<ŝŶŐŚĂƌůĞƐ//ŽĨŶŐůĂŶĚŝŶϭϲϱϮ͗͞ƵŵĂĂƌĐĂĚĞĐŚĄ΀ƚĞĂ΁͘͘͘͟ (a box of tea) when the Camellia sinensis ďĞǀĞƌĂŐĞǁĂƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůLJƵŶŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚ/ƐůĞƐĂŶĚ ƚŚĞEĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞ Camellia symbol probably traveled to Europe, ĂƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚďLJ^ĂůŝŶĞƌŽΘDĂŶƐŝůůĂ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞŚŽůLJǁĂƚĞƌĨŽŶƚƐŽĨƐƚŽŶĞ ĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞŚƵƌĐŚŽĨ^ĂŶƚĂDĂƌŝĂƐŽƉƌĂDŝŶĞƌǀĂŝŶZŽŵĞ;/ƚĂůLJͿ͕ĂǁŽƌŬŽĨKĐƚĂǀŝŽ>Ă - njnjĞƌŝ͕ǁŚŽƐĐƵůƉƚĞĚƚŚĞŵŝŶϭϱϴϴ͘ 10 dŚĞ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ ĂƐ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ Ăƌƚ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ ͲĂůƐŽŝŶDĞdžŝĐŽͲĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚƚŽŶĂŵďĂŶĂƌƚ͘dŚĞLJǁĞƌĞŽŌĞŶďŽdžĞƐ͕ůĞĐƚĞƌŶƐ͕ĨŽůĚŝŶŐ ƐĐƌĞĞŶƐ͕ ĨĂŶƐ͕ ũĞǁĞůƌLJ͕ ĂƐƚĞƌŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ĚĞƐŬƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ Ăƌƚ ƐƚLJůĞ͕ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ ŇŽǁĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƐƚƵĚŝĞĚĨŽƌƐŽŵĞƟŵĞ;dždždžͿĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐǁĞƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚƐ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ;^ĂŝŶnjΘ/njĐŽ͕ϮϬϭϯ͖^ĂŝŶnjĞƚĂůϮϬϭϰͿ͘ĂƟŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŝdž - ƚĞĞŶƚŚĂŶĚƐĞǀĞŶƚĞĞŶƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƉƌŝǀĂƚĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ museums and royal Spanish and Portuguese monasteries are proof of the arrival in Eu- ƌŽƉĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƌůŝĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĚĂƚĞƐ͘͘ /ƚǁĂƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞǁĂƐ ĚŽŶĞďLJ:ŽŚŶWĞƟǀĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵĂŐĞƐĂůƐŽďĞůŽŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƵƚŚŽƌ͕ŝŶŚŝƐ Gazo- ƉŚLJůĂĐŝŝEĂƚƵƌĂĞĞƚƌƟƐ ;ϭϳϬϮͿĂŶĚƚŽŶŐĞůďĞƌƚ<ĂĞŵƉĨĞƌ͕ŝŶŚŝƐǁŽƌŬ͗ ŵŽĞŶŝƚĂƚƵŵ ĞdžŽƟĐĂƌƵŵ WŽůŝƟĐŽͲƉŚLJƐŝĐŽͲŵĞĚŝĐĂƌƵŵ , Libri V ;ϭϳϭϮͿ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽ>ƵĐŚĂĞnjĞů;ϮϬϬϳͿ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĂƚĚĂƚĞ͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞƵƚĐŚďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚ:ĂĐŽďŽŶƟƵƐŝŶŚŝƐ EĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐĞƚŵĞĚŝĐĂĞEŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĞ/ŶĚŝĂĞŽƌŝĞŶ - talis ͕>ŝďƌŝs/;ϭϲϰϮͿ͘ƐƌĞŐĂƌĚƐĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚŝŵĂŐĞŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŽĨŽŶƟƵƐƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJtŝůůĞŵWŝƐŽʹƚŚĞ>ĂƟŶŝnjĞĚŶĂŵĞŽĨtŝůŚĞůŵ Pies – in his Ğ/ŶĚŝĂĞƵƚƌŝƵƐƋƵĞƌĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝĞƚŵĞĚŝĂ ͕ŝŶϭϲϱϴ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ of the plant. KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕'ĞŽƌŐĞ<ĂŵĞůŝƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĮŐƵƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽǀĞƌƐLJŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͘/ƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ:ĞƐƵŝƚ pharmacist has never seen camellias, since he did not leave the Philippines where they ĂƌĞŶŽƚŶĂƟǀĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶŝŶŐĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂŶĂďƐŽůƵƚĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƌĞ - ĐĞŶƚĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ;ŚĂĞnjĞů͕ϮϬϬϳ͖ŚĂĞnjĞůΘ,ĞƌĚƚ͕ϮϬϬϴͿ͕'͘<ĂŵĞůŝƐƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŽĨĂƉŝĐƚƵƌĞ

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ ŽĨĂĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚĂƐ͞dƐĐŚŝĂ͕͟ǁŝƚŚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐƐƵĐŚĂƐůĂŶĐĞŽůĂƚĞĮŶĞůLJ toothed leaves, and a rounded fruit with three carpels. This drawing, as well as other ǁƌŝƟŶŐƐďLJƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƵƚŚŽƌ͕ŝƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞDĂƵƌŝƚƐ^ĂďďĞ>ŝďƌĂƌLJŽĨƚŚĞĂƚŚŽůŝĐhŶŝ - ǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ>ŽƵǀĂŝŶ;ĞůŐŝƵŵͿ͘dŚĞLJĂƌĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŽĚĂƚĞďĂĐŬďĞĨŽƌĞϭϳϬϲ͕ǁŚĞŶ'͘<ĂŵĞů died, but the route and date of arrival these documents have not been determined yet. dŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŐĂƌĚĞŶƐŽĨZŽďĞƌƚ:ĂŵĞƐ͕ϴ th Lord Petre, ŝŶdŚŽƌŶĚŽŶ,Ăůů;ƐƐĞdž͕ŶŐůĂŶĚͿ͕ŝŶϭϳϯϵ͕ŝƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŐƌŽǁŶŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ͘/ƚŝƐǁĞůůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚĂŶĚƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚŝŶĚŽnjĞŶƐŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŬƐĂŶĚĂƌƟĐůĞƐ͘/ƚ ŝƐĂŶĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘ ZŝĐŚŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉ dŚĞŐĞŶƵƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ . The genus Camellia was described by Linnaeus in his Syste- ŵĂEĂƚƵƌĂĞ ͕ŝŶϭϳϯϱ͘dŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚůĂƚĞƌ͘/ŶŚŝƐ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐWůĂŶƚĂƌƵŵ ;ϭϳϱϯͿ͕ Thea sinensis is included in Class XIII ( DŽŶĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ͘DŽŶŽŐLJŶŝĂ Ϳ͕ǀŽůƵŵĞϭ͕ƉĂŐĞϱϭϱ͖ ĂŵĞůůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ and ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂŵĂůĂĐŽĚĞŶĚƌŽŶ were described in class XVI ( DŽŶĂĚĞů - ƉŚŝĂ͘WŽůLJĂŶĚƌŝĂ Ϳ͕ǀŽůƵŵĞϮ͕ƉĂŐĞϲϵϴ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚďLJ͘>ŝŶŶĂĞƵƐŝŶƚŚĞ mid eighteenth century, many other botanists have dealt with this group of plants on the ďĂƐŝƐŽĨŶĞǁĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂǀĞŶŽƚĮŶŝƐŚĞĚLJĞƚ͘ZĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJĨƌŽŵϴƚŽϭϮŐĞŶƵƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƚŽĚĂLJ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚĂŚƵŶĚƌĞĚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ proposed. ƐƵŵŵĂƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐŵĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞůĂƐƚĮŌLJLJĞĂƌƐŝƐĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞƚŚĂƚƐŚŽǁƐ ƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐŝnjĞĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨƚŚĞ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family and its contents. Among the various proposals, the comprehensive molecular analysis of the components of the 11 dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ;WƌŝŶĐĞΘWĂƌŬƐ͕ϮϬϬϭ͖WƌŝŶĐĞ͕ϮϬϬϳͿŚĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚϯƚƌŝďĞƐĂŶĚϵŐĞŶƵƐŝŶ ƚŽƚĂů͘dŚŝƐĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŝƐĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJƚŚĞŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵWŚLJůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐ'ƌŽƵƉ;W'Ϳ͕ŽĨĂ ĮůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͕ŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĐůĂĚŝƐƟĐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨEƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐŽĨϯŐĞŶĞƐ ƉĞƌƐĂŵƉůĞ͕ƚǁŽŽĨƚŚĞŵĐŚůŽƌŽƉůĂƐƟĐĂŶĚŽŶĞƌŝďŽƐŽŵĂů͘/ŶƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨW'͕ ƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞĨĂŵŝůLJŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŽŝĚƐĐůĂĚĞ͕ƌŝĐĂůĞƐŽƌĚĞƌ;^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Camellia is no less complicated than that of the dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐŽĨŝŶĨƌĂŐĞŶĞƌŝĐƌĂŶŬƐ͘KƚŚĞƌƐƵŐŐĞƐ - ƟŽŶƐĐůĂƐƐŝĨLJƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĂƚŽĨ^ĞĂůLJ;ϭϵϱϴͿŽƌƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƌĞĐĞŶƚǁŽƌŬƐ ŽĨŚĂŶŐ͕DŝŶŐŽƌ:ŝLJŝŶĞƚĂů͘;ϮϬϬϱͿ;dĂďůĞϭͿ͕ŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶ ƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůŝŵŝƚƐ͘ dĂďůĞϭ͘ ůĂƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Camellia ͘EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ

Chang Ming :ŝLJŝŶĞƚĂů͘ ;ϮϬϬϱͿ ^ƵďŐĞŶĞƌĂ ϰ Ϯ ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐ ϮϮ ϭϯ ϭϵ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ Đ͘ϮϴϬ Đ͘ϮϴϬ ϭϱϬͲϮϵϬ

/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŝƚŝƐŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞĞdžĂĐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ genus Camellia ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵϭϬϬƚŽϮϴϬ͘dŚĞWůĂŶƚ>ŝƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ϭ͕ϬϳϭŶĂŵĞƐŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ͕ŽĨǁŚŝĐŚϰϱйĂƌĞƐLJŶŽŶLJŵƐ;ǁǁǁ͘ƚŚĞ - plantlist).

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ dŚĞǁŽƌůĚŵĂƉŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌ names, which are part of the diversity of plants, although they were originated by men. In the genus Camellia ŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϯϬ͕ϬϬϬĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐĂƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ͕ƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŚŝƐŐĞŶƵƐŝŶƚŽ ŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ͘KŶůLJƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Rosa has a similar ŶƵŵďĞƌ͘dŚĞŵŽŶƵŵĞŶƚĂůƚĂƐŬŽĨŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐĂůůĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂƚĂůŽŐŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵƉůĞdžĂŶĚĚŝĸĐƵůƚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^Ž - ĐŝĞƚLJ;/^Ϳ͕ďƵƚŝƚǁĂƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘^ĂǀŝŐĞ;ϭϵϵϯͿ͕ƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌŬ͕ŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂ - ƟŽŶŽĨĂůůƚŚĞƐĞĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŝŶƚǁŽůĂƌŐĞǀŽůƵŵĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƚĂůŽĨϮ͕ϮϬϵƉĂŐĞƐ͖ƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬǁĂƐ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJĂƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϴǁŝƚŚϯϴϲƉĂŐĞƐŽĨĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŽĚĂLJ͕ ƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŽŶƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚďLJƚŚĞ/^ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ'ŝĂŶŵĂƌŝŽ DŽƩĂ;/^͘dŚĞŽŶůŝŶĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐͿ͘ dŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĂŵĞƐŐŝǀĞŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐƐŚŽǁĞĚƐŽŵĞĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚŽƐĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĂŶĚtĞƐƚĞƌŶǁŽƌůĚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘ŵŽŶŐƚŚĞŶĂŵĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐŚŝŶĂĂŶĚ :ĂƉĂŶ͕ŵĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞŵƌĞĨĞƌƚŽŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͕ƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚƉĞŽƉůĞŶĂŵĞƐ͘/ƚŝƐǁŽƌƚŚ ƚŽŵĞŶƟŽŶƚŚĞƐĞŶƟŵĞŶƚĂůŶĂŵĞƐ͕ŽĨƉŽĞƟĐŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶƵƐĞĚďLJƚŚĞƐĞĚŝƐƚĂŶƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞŽŶůLJĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞĚĂŌĞƌƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ;^ĂǀŝŐĞ͕ϭϵϵϵͿ;dĂďůĞϮͿ͘ dĂďůĞϮ ͘EĂŵĞƐŽĨŽůĚ;фϭϵϰϱͿĂŶĚŵŽĚĞƌŶ;шϭϵϰϱͿĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŽĨ ĂŵĞůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ and ͘ƐĂƐĂŶƋƵĂ ͕ƚĂŬĞŶ ĨƌŽŵĚĂƚĂŽĨ^ĂǀŝŐĞ;ϭϵϵϵͿ C. japonica ;фϭϵϰϱͿ C. sasanqua ;фϭϵϰϱͿ ͞'ŽƐŚŽͲŶŝƐŚŝŬŝ͟;ZŽLJĂůƌŽĐĂĚĞͿ͘ϭϵϰϱ ͞ŚŝLJŽnjƵƌŶ͟;>ŽŶŐ>ŝǀĞĚƌĂŶĞͿϭϴϵϴ ͞<ĂĞƐŚŝƚĂŵĂnjƵƐĂ͟;ZĞƚƵƌŶĞĚ>ŽǀĞ>ĞƩĞƌͿ͘ϭϲϯϬ ͞DĂĚŽͲŶŽͲƚƐƵŬŝ͟;DŽŽŶĂƚƚŚĞtŝŶĚŽǁͿ͘ϭϴϴϱ ͞<ĂŐƵƌĂͲũŝƐŚŝ͟;^ĂĐƌĞĚ>ŝŽŶĂŶĐĞͿ͘ϭϴϱϵ ͞KŵŝŐŽƌŽŵŽ͟;ĞĂƟĨƵů<ŝŵŽŶŽͿ͘ϭϴϵϴ 12 “Ôniji ͟;'ƌĞĂƚZĂŝŶďŽǁͿ͘ϭϵϮϵ ͞^ŚŝŵĚĂŝ͟;,ĞŝŐŚƚƐŽĨWƵƌƉůĞůŽƵĚͿ͘ϭϴϵϴ

C. japonica ;шϭϵϰϱͿ C. sasanqua ;шϭϵϰϱͿ ͞ŝͲŶŽͲƚŽŵŽƐŚŝďŝ͟;>ŝŐŚƚŽĨ>ŽǀĞͿ͘ϭϵϵϳ ͞ŐĂƌŽŵŽ͟;ZŽďĞŽĨ&ĞĂƚŚĞƌƐͿ͘ϭϵϴϬ ͞ŬŝͲŬŽŵĂĐŚŝ͟;YƵŝĞƚĞĂƵƚLJͿ͘ϭϵϳϭ ͞ƐĂŐĂƐƵŵŝ͟;DŽƌŶŝŶŐDŝƐƚͿ͘ϭϵϴϵ ͞ƐĂŚŝŐĂǁĂ͟;^ƵŶƌŝƐĞŽŶƚŚĞZŝǀĞƌͿ͘ϭϵϲϬ ͞&ƵũŝͲŶŽͲLJƵƋƵŝ͟;^ŶŽǁŽŶ&ƵũŝͿ͘ϭϵϱϳ ͞/ŬƵŵĞͲĐŚſ͟;/ŬƵŵĞƵƩĞƌŇLJͿ͘ϭϵϴϮ ͞DŝƐŽŵĞ͟;ĞƐŝƌĠWŽƐƐĞƐƐŝŽŶͿ͘ϭϵϲϬ ͞<ĂŬƵƐĞŝ͟;ƌĂŶĞ͛ƐĂůůͿ͘ϭϵϴϯ ͞ZLJƸŬƀ͟;ƌĂŐŽŶ>ŝŐŚƚͿ͘ϭϵϳϬ ͞^ŚŝnjƵŬĂ͟;YƵŝĞƚƵĚĞͿ͘ϭϵϳϱ ͞^ĂŚŽŚŝŵĞ͟;'ŽĚĚĞƐƐŽĨ^ƉƌŝŶŐͿ͘ϭϵϴϮ ͟͞dĂŶŝŬĂnjĞ͟;tŝŶĚŝŶƚŚĞsĂůůĞLJͿ͘ϭϵϲϬ ͞dĞŶŶLJŽ͟;ĞůĞƐƟĂŶDĂŝĚĞŶͿ͘ϭϵϴϲ ͞tĞĚĂƚƐƵŵŝ͟;dŚĞ^ĞĂ'ŽĚͿ͘ϭϵϲϳ

KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĐƵůƟǀĂƌĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƟŽŶƐƌĞĨĞƌƚŽůŽĐĂ - ƟŽŶƐ͕ůĂŶĚĨŽƌŵƐ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ĞƚĐ͕͘͘ĂŶĚůĂĐŬŽĨƚŚĞƉŽĞƟĐĂŶĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůƐĞŶƐĞ͕ŵŽƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƉĞŶƚůLJŽĨŶĂŵĞƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŽĞŵƉĞƌŽƌƐ͕ŬŝŶŐƐĂŶĚƋƵĞĞŶƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůů ĂƐƚŽŽƚŚĞƌŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞŶŽďŝůŝƚLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞŶŽƚƐŽŽŌĞŶƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚďLJƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ botanists. ƵƚŚŽƌ͛ƐŶĂŵĞ . The analysis of the names of the authors shows a division between the West and the East. The former belong to the European powers that had colonies and trading ports in the East: Britain, Germany, France, Holland, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĚŽŶŽƚĞŶƟƌĞůLJĮƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͘ dŚĞĚĂƚĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐ ĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƟŵĞƐ when the correspond- ŝŶŐĐŝƟĞƐǁĞƌĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŝƌĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚ their botanic studies in the ĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐƵŶƟůƚŚĞtŽƌůĚtĂƌ//͕ŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲƚǁĞŶƟĞƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ:ŽŚŶZŽďĞƌƚ

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ ^ĞĂůLJ;ϭϵϬϳͲϮϬϬϬͿŝƐĂŶĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶ͕ƐŝŶĐĞŚĞŝƐĂůŝŶŬďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂŶĚ the arrival on the scene of Eastern botanists. dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶ͛ƚĂŶLJĂƐƚĞƌŶĂƵƚŚŽƌƐŽĨŶĞǁĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƚĂdžĂďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞůĂƐƚƚŚŝƌĚŽĨ ƚŚĞŶŝŶĞƚĞĞŶƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚŝƐĐĞŶƚƵƌLJƚŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚƐƚŽŽŬŽǀĞƌƚŚĞ ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨŶĞǁƚĂdžĂ͕ĐŽŝŶĐŝĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂůŵŽƐƚĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶďŽƚĂ - ŶŝƐƚƐ͘dŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĨĞůůƐŚĂƌƉůLJƐŝŶĐĞtŽƌůĚtĂƌ//͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ^ŝƌŽ<ŝƚĂŵƵƌĂ͕ dƵLJĂŵĂdĂŬĂƐŝĂŶĚ'ĞŶŬĞŝDĂƐĂŵƵŶĂǁĞƌĞƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐŽĨŶĞǁƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĂƚƟŵĞ ƵŶƟůƚŚĞůĂƚĞƚǁĞŶƟĞƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘ dŚĞƐĞůĂƐƚ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚƐĂƌĞĂƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƚŽŚŝŶĞƐĞďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĞƌĞƚŚĞ ŶĞǁĂƵƚŚŽƌƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͕ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƚĞƉƐŽĨƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚ ŚŝŶĞƐĞďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚ͕^ƵŶŐ^ƵŚŝĞŶ͕ĚĂƟŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůĂƚĞŶŝŶĞƚĞĞŶƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘dŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚŝ - ŶĞƐĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐǁĞƌĞďŽƌŶŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƋƵĂƌƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƚǁĞŶƟĞƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJĂŶĚŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞŵ ĂƌĞƐƟůůĂůŝǀĞ͘hŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJĨŽƌŵĂŶLJŚŝŶĞƐĞďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚƐŝƚŚĂƐŶŽƚďĞĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽĮŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌĚĂƚĞƐŽĨďŝƌƚŚĂŶĚĚĞĂƚŚ͕ďƵƚŝƚŝƐĂƐƐƵŵĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJ ĮƚƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů ĂŶĚĂƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǁŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƵƚŚŽƌƐǁŚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞŶĞǁĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͘ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƌĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐŽĨDŝŶŐdŝĞŶ>ƵĂŶĚŚĂŶŐ,ƵŶŐdĂ͘ 'ůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ dĞĂĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞŶĂƟǀĞĂƌĞĂŽĨƚĞĂ; Camellia sinensis ͿŝƐǁĞůůͲŬŶŽǁŶ͘/ƚŝƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶ ƚŚĞŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶŽƵƐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŚŝŶĂĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝĂ͕ĞŶũŽLJŝŶŐĂƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůŽƌƐƵďƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘dĞĂĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƚĂƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐĂƌĞĂ͕ĂŶĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƌĞŝƚĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘dŽĚĂLJƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶŽĨ ͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ ĐŽǀĞƌƐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϮ͘ϱŵŝů - ůŝŽŶŚĞĐƚĂƌĞƐŝŶĮǀĞĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĂƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽǀĞƌϰ͘ϭŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϬ;&KͿ͘ EŽǁĂĚĂLJƐƚĞĂŝƐĂůƐŽŐƌŽǁŶŝŶƐŽŵĞĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚĂŶĚtĞƐƚŽĨĨƌŝĐĂ͕ĂŶĚŝŶďŽƚŚ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐƵďͲĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚƐ͕ĨƌŽŵDĞdžŝĐŽƚŽƌŐĞŶƟŶĂ͕ǁŚĞƌĞŝƚŝƐĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ 13 ůŽĐĂƚĞĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞƋƵĂƚŽƌ͕ĂƚůĂƟƚƵĚĞϮϴǑ^ŽƵƚŚ͘ Apart from the interest of the leaves of this plant, producing an infusion con- ƐƵŵĞĚǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͕ŝƚŝƐĂůƐŽĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚŝŶďŽƚĂŶŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉƵďůŝĐŐĂƌĚĞŶƐƚŚĂƚŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŚŝƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĨŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂůĂŝŵƐ͘ KƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂůĐĂŵĞůŝĂƐ͘ dŚĞĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĂůŝŬĞƉůĂŶƚƐĨŽƌŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚŽŶĞĂƐĨĂƌĂƐƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞŵĂĚĞŝƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͖ƐŽŵĞ - ƟŵĞƐĞǀĞŶĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞLJǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽŐƌŽǁŶŝŶŐƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞƐ͘/ŶƚŚĞƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ several dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂƌĞĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚ : Camellia ;ϭϱͿ͕ Franklinia (1), 'ŽƌĚŽŶŝĂ ;ϰͿ͕ ^ĐŚŝ - ma (1) and ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂ ;ϵͿ͕ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŐĞŶƵƐĚŽŶŽƚƐƵďŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJŝŶ ĂƐƚƌŝĐƚƐĞŶƐĞ;tŚŝƚĞĨŽŽƌĚ͕ϭϵϵϱ͖^ƉŽŶďĞƌŐ͕ϭϵϵϱͿ;dĂďůĞϯͿ͘ dĂďůĞϯ͘ Genus and species of the dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family ;Ɛ͘Ɛ͘Ϳ ĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ;tŚŝƚĞĨŽŽƌĚ͕ϭϵϵϱ͖^ƉŽŶďĞƌŐ͕ ϭϵϵϱͿ Camellia ͗͘ĐĂƵĚĂƚĂ͕͘ĐƌĂŵƉƵĞůŝĂŶĂ͕͘ĐƵƐƉŝĚĂƚĂ͕͘ĨƌĂƚĞƌŶĂ͕͘ŐƌĂŶƚŚĂŵŝĂŶĂ͕͘ŚŽŶŐŬŽŶ - ŐĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ͕͘ŬŝƐƐŝŝ͕͘ŽůĞŝĨĞƌĂ͕͘ƌŽƐŝŝŇŽƌĂ͕͘ƐĂůŝĐŝĨŽůŝĂ͕͘ƐĂůƵĞŶĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƐĂƐĂŶƋƵĂ͕͘ ƚĂůůĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƚƐĂŝ͘ Franklinia alatamaha Gordonia ͗'͘ĂdžŝůůĂƌŝƐ͕'͘ĐŚƌLJƐĂŶĚƌĂ͕'͘ůĂƐŝĂŶƚŚƵƐ͕'͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ Schima ǁĂůůŝĐŚŝŝ ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂ ͗^͘ŵĂůŽĐŽĚĞŶĚƌŽŶ͕^ŵŽŶĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ͕^͘ŽǀĂƚĂ͕^͘ƉƐĞƵĚŽĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕^͘ƉƚĞƌŽƉĞƟŽůĂƚĂ͕^͘ ƌŽƐƚƌĂƚĂ͕^͘ƐĞƌƌĂƚĞ͕^͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ͕^͘ x ŚĞŶƌLJĂĞ͘

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ dŚĞƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĮŐƵƌĞƐĂƌĞůŽǁŝĨƚŚĞLJĂƌĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŽĨƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚŝŶ^ƉĂŝŶ͕ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚƐŚŽƌƚůLJĂŌĞƌ͘dŚĞĞdžĐĞůůĞŶƚƉƌŽũĞĐƚ^ƉĂŶ - ŝƐŚKƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂů&ůŽƌĂůŝƐƚƐĂůĂƌŐĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family : Camellia ;ϯϬͿ͕ ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂ (7), &ƌĂŶŬůŝŶŝĂĂůĂƚĂŵĂŚĂ͕'ŽƌĚŽŶŝĂĂdžŝůĂƌŝƐ͕^ĐŚŝŵĂǁĂůůŝĐŚŝŝ͕ ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ;dĂďůĞϰͿ ;ƌŐŝŵſŶĚĞsŝůĂƌĚĂŐĂ͕ϮϬϬϬͿ dĂďůĞϰ . Genus and species of the dŚĞĂĐĞĂ ĨĂŵŝůLJĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĚŝŶ^ƉĂŝŶ;ƌŐŝŵſŶĚĞsŝůĂƌĚĂŐĂ͕ϮϬϬϬͿ Camellia: ͘ďƌĞǀŝƐƟůĂ͕͘ĐĂƵĚĂƚĂ͕͘ĐŚƌLJƐĂŶƚŚĂ͕͘ĐƌĂƉŶĞůůŝĂŶĂ͕͘ĐƵƐƉŝĚĂƚĂ͕͘ĨƌĂƚĞƌŶĂ͕͘ ŐƌĂŶƚŚĂŵŝĂŶĂ͕͘ŐƌŝũƐŝŝ͕͘ŚŽŶŬŽŶŐĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ŝƌƌĂǁĂĚĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ũĂƉſŶŝĐĂ͕͘ŬŝƐƐŝŝ͕͘ůƵƚĐŚƵĞŶƐŝƐ͖͘ ůƵƚĞŽŇŽƌĂ͕͘ŵĂůŝŇŽƌĂ͕͘ŵŝLJĂŐŝŝ͕͘ŽůĞŝĨĞƌĂ͕͘ƉŝƚĂƌĚŝŝ͕͘ƌĞƟĐƵůĂƚĂ͕͘ƌŽƐŝŇŽƌĂ͕͘ƐĂůƵĞŶĞŶƐŝƐ͕ ͘ƐĂƐĂŶƋƵĂ͕͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƚĂůŝĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƚƌĂŶƐŐĂƌŝƐĞŶĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƚƌĂŶƐŶŽŬŽĞŶƐŝƐ͕͘ƚƐĂŝ͕͘ƵƌĂŬƵ͕͘ ǀĞƌŶĂůŝƐ͕͘ǁŝůůŝĂŶƐŝŝ͘ Franklinia: &͘ĂůĂƚĂŵĂŚĂ Gordonia: '͘ĂdžŝůĂƌŝƐ͘ Schima: ^͘ǁĂůůŝĐŚŝŝ ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂ͗ ^͘ŵĂůĂĐŽĚĞŶĚƌŽŶ͕^͘ŵŽŶĂĚĞůĨĂ͕^͘ŽǀĂƚĂ͕^͘ƉƐĞƵĚŽĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕^͘ƌŽƐƚƌĂƚĂ͕^͘ƐĞƌƌĂƚĂ͕ ^͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ͘ Tutcheria: d͘ƐƉĞĐƚĂďŝůŝƐ

dŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŝŶƚŚĞ'ůŽďĂůŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ&ĂĐŝůŝƚLJďĂŶŬ;'/&Ϳ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐϯ͕ϳϮϴŐĞŽͲƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌƐ͕ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŵĂƉŽĨƚŚĞ Camellia registers in the tŽƌůĚ͕ďŽƚŚůŝǀŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŽƌŚĞƌďĂƌŝƵŵƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ͕ĂŶĚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŐƌŽǁŝŶŐŝŶĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ 14 not adequate for their proper development in nature. ĂŵĞůůŝĂ͗ĂƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƉůĂŶƚ͍ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨ Camellia ŚĂǀĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝnjĞĚŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƟǀĞůĂŶĚƐ͕ĞƐƉĞ - ĐŝĂůůLJŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞŝƌĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶŝƐŵŽƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ;EZK͕ϮϬϬϳŝĐĐƵnjĂΘ<ŽŬŽ - ƚŽƐ͕ϮϬϬϳ͕tŝƩĞŶďĞƌŐΘŽĐŬ͕ϮϬϬϭͿ͘dŚƵƐ͕ ĂŵĞůůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ is grown in the wild in ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨh͘^͘;&ůŽƌŝĚĂ͕'ĞŽƌŐŝĂ͕EŽƌƚŚĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͕^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͕ůĂďĂŵĂͿ;h^͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞdžƚĞŶƐŝǀĞĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶŝŶŵĂŶLJĂƌĞĂƐŽĨƚŚĞ world, ͘ƐŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ covers a larger area as a naturalized species, being grown in Europe, ŝŶƚŚĞĂůƌĞĂĚLJŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚĞƌŶh͘^͕͘ŝŶĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚĂůĨƌŝĐĂ;dĂŶnjĂŶŝĂ͕ hŐĂŶĚĂ͕ůŐĞƌŝĂͿ͕ŝŶƚŚĞĨƌŝĐĂŶŝƐůĂŶĚƐŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶKĐĞĂŶ;DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ͕ZĞƵŶŝŽŶͿ͕ƵƐƚƌĂ - ůŝĂ͕EĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞWĂĐŝĮĐ/ƐůĂŶĚƐ;,ĂǁĂŝŝͿ͕ŝŶƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶƐƚĂƚĞŽĨ,ŝŵĂĐŚĂůWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ ŝŶƌŐĞŶƟŶĂ͕ĞƚĐ͘dŽƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ďƵƚŝŶĂůŽǁĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌĂŶĚƐŵĂůůĞƌĂƌĞĂ͕ Camellia ƐĂƐĂŶƋƵĂ (Australia, U.S. SO) and ͘ƌĞƟĐƵůĂƚĂ (Australia) have also naturalized in foreign lands. ĂŵĞůůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ is a naturalized species in Galicia, although it is not listed in ƚŚĞ ĐĂƚĂůŽŐ ŽĨ ZŽŵĞƌŽ ;ϮϬϬϳͿ͕ Žƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ &ĂŐƷŶĚĞnj ŵŽŶŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ ;ϮϬϬϳͿ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƵĚLJ ďLJ ZŽĚƌşŐƵĞnjͲĂĐĂůΘ/njĐŽ;ϭϵϵϯͿŽŶƚŚĞŐĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŐƌŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞ'ĂůŝĐŝĂŶ pazos describes the frequent spontaneous development of numerous species including ĂŵĞůůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ , always within the garden limits, without being present in natural or semi-natural environments. dŚĞŐůŽďĂůǀŝůůĂŐĞŽĨŵĂĐůƵŚĂŶ /ŶŚŝƐƐŽĐŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ƚŚĞŝĚĞĂŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂĐůŝĐŚĠ͘'ůŽďĂů - ŝnjĂƟŽŶŽƌŵƵŶĚŝĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŝƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚďLJƚŚĞƌĞĐĞŶƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶŝƚLJ͕ŐŝǀĞŶ

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ ƚŚĞŶĞǁƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐĂƌŝƐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐĂŶĚƚĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ƚŽƚŚĞŇƵŝĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͕ƉĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚĐĂƉŝƚĂů͘/ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂ - ƟŽŶŽƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĚŝīƵƐŝŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐĐŽŶĐĞƉƚǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲƚǁĞŶƟĞƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͖ŝŶϭϵϲϳƚŚĞĂŶĂĚŝĂŶƐŽĐŝŽůŽŐŝƐƚDĂƌƐŚĂůůDĐ>ƵŚĂŶ ĐŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƉŚƌĂƐĞ͞ŐůŽďĂůǀŝůůĂŐĞ͟ƚŽƐŝŐŶŝĨLJƚŚĞŝĚĞĂŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů͕ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůŽƌĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƉƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJ͕ŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĐůŽƐĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞŝŶŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚƐŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƚŽǁŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂĚƚŚĞŝƌůŝǀĞƐŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚǁŝƚŚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŇŽǁŝŶŐƋƵŝĐŬůLJ͘ dŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ ͘dŚĞ/^ŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝƚƐ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐĂƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐŶĞǁŐůŽďĂůǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ǁŝƚŚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐŝŶĮǀĞĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚƐ͕ĨƌŽŵ ĂůůĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ĨƌŽŵEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚƚŽŝƚƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĂŶƟƉŽĚĞƐ;WŽƌƚƵŐĂůĂŶĚ^ƉĂŝŶͿ͕ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐƚŽ'ƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ͕ŚŝŶĂĂŶĚ:ĂƉĂŶ͕ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐĂĐŝƌĐůĞĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞ globe. A similar thing happens with the about thirty Gardens of Excellence of the ICS. dŚĞƐĞƐƉĂĐĞƐƐƚĂŶĚŽƵƚĨŽƌƚŚĞǁŝĚƚŚ͕ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘ These gardens are highly appreciated worldwide, ĂŶĚǁĞĮŶĚϵŝŶƐŝĂ͕ϭϮŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͕ŽŶĞ ŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂ͕ŽŶĞŝŶĨƌŝĐĂĂŶĚϱŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůĂƐŝĂ͘ IŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ;WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿͿ͘ This Congress is another great ĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŚŽǁĐƵůƚƵƌĞŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͖LJŽƵĐŽŵĞĨƌŽŵǀĞƌLJĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉůĂĐĞƐŽŶ ĂƌƚŚĂŶĚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽĂŶĂĐƟǀŝƚLJƚŚĂƚŚĂƐĂƐĂŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚ͕ŽŶĞǁŚŝĐŚŝƐŝŶŵĂŶLJ ĐĂƐĞƐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŶĂƟǀĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕ŽĨĂĚĞĞƉĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚŶŽƚŽŶůLJĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͘EŽƚŚĂǀŝŶŐĐůŽƐĞĚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨƚŚĞ ĐŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŽǀĞƌϮϬϬƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚƐǁŚŽŚĂǀĞĐŽŶĮƌŵĞĚƚŚĞŝƌĂƩĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ͘ KĨĂƚŽƚĂůŽĨϭϱƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͕ƐƚĂŶĚŽƵƚ͕ĨŽƌƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĞǀĞŶƚ͕ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͕hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵĂŶĚƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŵĞƌŝĐĂǁŝƚŚ 15 ϮϬƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐĞĂĐŚ͘tĞƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽŵĞŶƟŽŶĚŝƐƚĂŶƚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐWĂŶĂŵĂ͕ǁŝƚŚĂ ůŽǁĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͕ǁŝƚŚŽŶůLJƚǁŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ͘ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐƚƌĂǀĞůůĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞtĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĞƩůĞĚĚŽǁŶŝŶ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ;WŽŶƚĞǀĞ - ĚƌĂ͕^ƉĂŝŶͿ͘dŽĚĂLJ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂŝƐĚƌĞƐƐĞĚŝŶŶĞǁĐůŽƚŚĞƐ͕ƐƉĞĂŬƐŶĞǁůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ͕ĂǁĂŬ - ĞŶŝŶŐĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐŝŶŶĞǁŵŝŶĚƐ͕ĂŶĚĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŶŐŶĞǁŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͖ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂŝƐƚŚĞƐLJŵďŽůŽĨ foreign lands, far from home, and worldwide appreciated for its beauty and its spiritual ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ͘ ^Ž ĂƐ ƚŽ ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ ŝŶ 'ĂůŝĐŝĂ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽƋƵŽƚĞƚŚĞǁŽƌĚƐŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚǁƌŝƚĞƌůǀĂƌŽƵŶƋƵĞŝƌŽ;ϭϵϴϭͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĚĞƐŝŐ - nates this plant as the “Virxe pelerine das froles” (ƉŝůŐƌŝŵsŝƌŐŝŶŽĨŇŽǁĞƌƐ ) for its long ũŽƵƌŶĞLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞtĞƐƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŝƚ͞ĂŵĂşƐĨĞƌŵŽƐĂǀŝƐƚĂŶƚĞƋƵĞƚĞŹĂ - mos recibido endemáis no noso país...” ( ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďĞĂƵƟĨƵůǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƚŚĂƚǁĞŚĂǀĞĞǀĞƌ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞĚŝŶŽƵƌĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ Ϳ͘dŚĞƐĂŵĞƵŶƋƵĞŝƌŽŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞ͞ZŽƐĞĨƌŽŵ the East” in Galicia and in what way the people feel it as its own to the extent that: “Tan- ƚŽĠĚŽƐŶŽƐŽƐŚŽƌƚŽƐĞdžĂƌĚşŶƐĐŽŵŽĚŽƐĚŽĞŵƉĞƌĂĚŽƌĚŽyĂƉſŶ͟; ŝƚďĞůŽŶŐƐƚŽŽƵƌ ŽƌĐŚĂƌĚƐĂŶĚŐĂƌĚĞŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂLJƚŽƚŚĞƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĞŵƉĞƌŽƌŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶ ).

ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ƌŐŝŵſŶĚĞsŝůĂƌĚĂŐĂ͕y͘;ϮϬϬϬͿ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ͘Ŷ:͘,͘D͘^ĄŶĐŚĞnjĚĞ>ŽƌĞŶnjŽ;ĞĚ͘Ϳ &ůŽƌĂŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂůĞƐƉĂŹŽůĂ͕ //͘ ĂĐƚĂĐĞĂĞͲƵĐƵƌďŝƚĂĐĞĂĞ ͗ϯϮϳͲϯϰϬ͘:ƵŶƚĂĚĞŶĚĂůƵĐşĂ͕ĚŝĐŝŽŶĞƐDƵŶĚŝͲWƌĞŶƐĂ͕Ɛ͘ƐƉĂŹŽůĂ ĚĞWĂƌƋƵĞƐLJ:ĂƌĚŝŶĞƐWƷďůŝĐŽƐ͘

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ ŝĐĐƵnjĂ͕͘Θ<ŽŬŽƚŽƐ͕^͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ͘dŚĞŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨƚĞĂ͗ŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐƉƌĞĂĚŽĨ Camellia sin- ensis ŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚůŽŐŐĞĚĨŽƌĞƐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŵĂŶŝEĂƚƵƌĞZĞƐĞƌǀĞ͘ф ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůͲŝŽůŽŐLJ͘ ŽƌŐͬĂĚŵŝŶͬĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐͬƉĚĸůĞƐͬ dĂŶnjͺĂďƐƚƌĂĐƚƐͬϭͺĂŶŝĞůĞйϮϬΘйϮϬ^ƚĞĨͺ&ŝŶĂů͘ƉĚĨ > (Consulta ϬϰͬϬϭͬϮϬϭϰͿ͘ ƵŶƋƵĞŝƌŽ͕͘;ϭϵϴϭͿ>ĂƵĚĞĚĂĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͘ŝƉƵƚĂĐŝſŶWƌŽǀŝŶĐŝĂůWŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ͘ ŚĂĞnjĞů͕>͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ'ĞŽƌŐ<ĂŵĞů^͘:͘ĂŶĚƚŚĞ͞ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͘͟hƉŽŶƐĞĞŝŶŐĂŵĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚ͘ ǁǁǁ͘ũĞƐƵŝƟĐĂ͘ďĞͬŝŶĨŽͬ ;ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂĚŽϭϮĚĞĞŶĞƌŽ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ ŚĂĞnjĞů͕>͘Ğ,ĞƌĚƚ͕Z͘;ϮϬϬϴͿĞĂŵĞůůŝĂ͘ĞŶ͚ĂƌŝƐƚŽĐƌĂƟƐĐŚĞƌŽŽƐ͛͘Ě͘dŚĞDƵƐĞƵŵŽĨ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůƌ - ĐŚĞŽůŽŐLJĂŶĚdĞdžƟůĞƐ͘'ĂŶƚ͘ĞůŐŝƋƵĞ͘ &ĂŐƷŶĚĞnj͕:͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ WůĂŶƚĂƐŝŶǀĂƐŽƌĂƐĚĞ'ĂůŝĐŝĂ͘ŝŽůŽdžşĂ͕ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵĐŝſŶĞŵĠƚŽĚŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽů . Xunta de 'ĂůŝĐŝĂ͘^ĂŶƟĂŐŽĚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚĞůĂ͘ϮϬϴƉƉ͘ 'ŝůĚĞ^ĞĂďƌĂ͕͘;ϮϬϬϱͿƌĞǀĞ,ŝƐƚſƌŝĂĚĂĂŵĠůŝĂĞŵWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͘ Camelia ͕ϲ͗ϵͲϭϭ͘ ,ŝƌƵŬŝ͕͘;ϮϬϬϱͿ Camellia ƐŝŶƚŚĞZŽŵĂŶĂƚŚŽůŝĐŚƵƌĐŚĞƐŝŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͘ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ ͕ϭϰϱ͗ ϭϬϮͲϭϬϴ͘ ,ŝƌƵŬŝ͕͘;ϮϬϬϲͿ>ĂƐĐĂŵĞůŝĂƐĐŽŵŽƐşŵďŽůŽƌĞůŝŐŝŽƐŽĞŶ:ĂƉſŶ͕ĂŵĞůŝĂ͕ϵ͗ϮϰͲϮϴ͘ :ŝLJŝŶ͕'͖͘WĂƌŬƐ͕͘Z͘ΘzƵĞƋƵŝĂŶŐ͕z͘;ϮϬϬϱͿ ŽůůĞĐƚĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ĞŶƵƐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͘Ŷ/ůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚKƵƚůŝŶĞ . ŚĞũŝĂŶŐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJWƵďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ,ŽƵƐĞ ͘ŚŝŶĂ͘ϯϬϮƉƉ͘ >ŝŶŶĞŽ͕͘;ϭϳϱϯͿ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐWůĂŶƚĂƌƵŵ ͘ϭ͕Ϯ͘ĨĂĐƐŝŵŝůĞŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĞĚŝƟŽŶ͘ZĂLJ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘ϭ;ϭϵϱϳͿ͕Ϯ;ϭϵϱϵͿ͘ London. EZK͘ϮϬϬϳ͘ dŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů/ŶǀĂƐŝǀĞ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͕ĐƟŽŶWůĂŶĂŶĚWŽůŝĐLJ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌhŐĂŶĚĂ . Report ƐƵďŵŝƩĞĚƚŽĨƌŝĐĂƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞhEWͬ'&WƌŽũĞĐƚ͗ ZĞŵŽǀŝŶŐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐƚŽ/ŶǀĂƐŝǀĞWůĂŶƚDĂŶ - ĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶĨƌŝĐĂ ͘EĂƟŽŶĂůŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ŶƚĞďďĞ͕hŐĂŶĚĂ͘ WƌŝŶĐĞ͕>͘D͘;ϮϬϬϳͿďƌŝĞĨŶŽŵĞŶĐůĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŐĞŶĞƌĂĂŶĚƚƌŝďĞƐŝŶ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ . ůŝƐŽ ͕Ϯϰ͗ϭϬϱͲϭϮϭ͘ (www.researchgate.net/... ďƌŝĞĨͺƌĞǀŝĞǁ͘͘͘ŶŽŵĞŶĐůĂƚƵƌĞ ͘͘͘Ϳ ;ŽŶƐƵůƚĂĚŽϭϬĚĞĞŶĞƌŽ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ WƌŝŶĐĞ͕>͘D͘ΘWĂƌŬƐ͕͘Z͘;ϮϬϬϭͿWŚLJůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐŽĨ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ŝŶĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƌŽŵĐŚůŽƌŽƉůĂƐƚE sequence data. ŵĞƌ͘:͘Žƚ͘ ϴϴ͗ϮϯϬϵʹϮϯϮϬ͘ ZŽĚƌşŐƵĞnjͲĂĐĂů͕͘Θ/njĐŽ͕:͘;ϭϵϵϯͿ ĂƚŽƐƐŽďƌĞůĂŐĞƌŵŝŶĂĐŝſŶĞƐƉŽŶƚĄŶĞĂĚĞůĂƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂƌďſƌĞĂƐĂůſĐ - ƚŽŶĂƐ;ĞdžſƟĐĂƐͿĞŶůŽƐƉĂnjŽƐŐĂůůĞŐŽƐ ͘ŽŶŐƌĞƐŽ&ŽƌĞƐƚĂůƐƉĂŹŽů͘WŽŶĞŶĐŝĂƐLJŽŵƵŶŝĐĂĐŝŽŶĞƐ͕ /s͗ϲϯͲϲϴ͘ 16 ZŽŵĞƌŽ͕Dǐ͘/͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ&ůŽƌĂĞdžſƟĐĂĚĞ'ĂůŝĐŝĂ;ŶŽƌŽĞƐƚĞŝďĠƌŝĐŽͿ ŽƚĂŶŝĐĂŽŵƉůƵƚĞŶƐŝƐ ͕ϯϭ͗ϭϭϯͲϭϮϱ͘ ^ĄŝŶnj͕D͘:͘Θ/njĐŽ͕:͘;ϮϬϭϯͿ>ĂƐĐĂŵĞůŝĂƐĞŶĞůĂƌƚĞŶĂŵďĂŶĚĞƐƉĂŹĂ;ƐŝŐůŽƐys/LJys//Ϳ͘ Camelia ͕ϮϮ͗ϭϮͲ 17. ^ĄŝŶnj͕D͘:͖͘/njĐŽ͕:͘Θ^ĂůŝŶĞƌŽ͕͘;ϮϬϭϰͿĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŝŶEĂŵďĂŶŽďũĞĐƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞϭϲƚŚĂŶĚϭϳƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐŝŶ Spain. Este mismo volumen ^ĂůŝŶĞƌŽ͕͘ΘDĂŶƐŝůůĂ͕W͘;ϮϬϬϴͿ>ĂƐƉŝůĂƐĚĞĂŐƵĂďĞŶĚŝƚĂĚĞKĐƚĂǀŝĂŶŽ>ĂnjnjĞƌŝ;ϭϱϴϴͿ͘ Camelia ͕ϭϯ͗ϭϭͲϭϮ͘ ^ĂǀŝŐĞ͕d͘:͘;ϭϵϵϯͿdŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂZĞŐŝƐƚĞƌ͘Ě͘dŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘tŝƌůŝŶŐĂ͘ EĞǁ^ŽƵƚŚtĂůĞƐ͘ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘ ^ĂǀŝŐĞ͕d͘:͘;ϭϵϵϴͿdŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂZĞŐŝƐƚĞƌ͘^ƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚ͘Ě͘dŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘ tŝƌůŝŶŐĂ͘EĞǁ^ŽƵƚŚtĂůĞƐ͘ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘ ^ĂǀŝŐĞ͕d͘:͘;ϭϵϵϵͿ dŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĐůĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂŶĚƐĂƐĂŶƋƵĂƐ ͘dƌĂĚƵĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶ ĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘ϮϰϴƉƉ͘ ^ĞĂůLJ͕Z͘:͘;ϭϵϱϴͿƌĞǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͘dŚĞZŽLJĂů,ŽƌƟĐƵůƚƵƌĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘>ŽŶĚŽŶ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶ - dong. ^ƉŽŶďĞƌŐ͕^͘͘^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂ͘/Ŷ:͘ƵůůĞŶĞƚĂů͘;ĞĚ͘Ϳ;ϭϵϵϱͿ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ'ĂƌĚĞŶ&ůŽƌĂ . IV. Cambridge Univ. Press. ^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕W͘&͘ϮϬϬϴ͘Angiosperm WŚLJůŽŐĞŶLJtĞďƐŝƚĞ͘sĞƌƐŝŽŶϵŽŶǁĂƌĚƐ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŵŽďŽƚ͘ŽƌŐͬDKKdͬ research/APweb/ . ^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕W͘&͘;ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵWŚLJůŽŐĞŶLJtĞďƐŝƚĞ͘sĞƌƐŝŽŶϭϯ͕:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϰ͘; ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŵŽďŽƚ͘ŽƌŐͬ MOBOT/research/APweb/ Ϳ;ŽŶƐƵůƚĂĚŽĞůϮϬĚĞĞŶĞƌŽ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ The Plant List. www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Theaceae ͬ͘;ŽŶƐƵůƚĂĚŽĞůϯϬĚĞĞŶĞƌŽ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ h^;ϮϬϭϰͿ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞĂŶĚŶŽdžŝŽƵƐƉůĂŶƚƐ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͘EĂƚƵƌĂů ZĞƐĞƌǀĞƐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ . www.plant.usda.gov/ ;ŽŶƐƵůƚĂĚŽϬϴͬϬϭͬϮϬϭϰͿ͘ tŚŝƚĞĨŽŽƌĚ͕͘;ϭϵϵϱͿĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕&ƌĂŶŬůŝŶŝĂ͕'ŽƌĚŽŶŝĂ͕^ĐŚŝŵĂ͕/Ŷ:͘ƵůůĞŶĞƚĂů͘ΘĞĚ͘Ϳ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ'ĂƌĚĞŶ Flora . IV. Cambridge Univ. Press. tŝƩĞŶďĞƌŐ͕Z͕͘ŽĐŬ͕D͘:͘t͘;ĞĚƐ͘ͿϮϬϬϭ͘ /ŶǀĂƐŝǀĞůŝĞŶ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ͗dŽŽůŬŝƚŽĨĞƐƚWƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŶĚDĂŶĂŐĞ - ŵĞŶƚWƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ͘/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕tĂůůŝŶŐĨŽƌĚ͕KdžŽŶ͕h<͕džǀŝŝ͕ϭͲϮϮϴ͘

ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ