(Theaceae) Species: Insights Into DNA Barcoding and Phylogeny
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Anti-Bacterial, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Study of Diospyros Wallichii — an Interesting Malaysia’S Endemic Species of Ebenaceae
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.3, No.3, pp 1732-1736, July-Sept 2011 Anti-bacterial, Antioxidant activity and Phytochemical study of Diospyros wallichii — an Interesting Malaysia’s endemic species of Ebenaceae Alireza Nematollahi1*, Noushin Aminimoghadamfarouj1, Christophe Wiart2 1School of pharmacy, Faculty of science, Nottingham University, Malaysia 2School of biomedical science, Faculty of science, Nottingham University, Malaysia *Corres.author: [email protected] Tel: +60-1-04330493 Abstract: The traditional use of herbal medicine has increased significantly in these recent years. Asian countries are large producers of natural products and many of the products that we use today have their roots in the herbal traditional medicine. People are looking to save money, be environmentally conscious, use healthier and safer products. It goes without saying that the chemical antibacterial products are creating more resistant bacteria day by day, on the other hand herbal antioxidant agents have been proven to show less side effects. Therefore, it is logically and economically advised that countries, with enrich natural sources, start to formulate more natural products. The first studies on the therapeutic properties of the fruits and leaves extracts obtained from Diospyros wallichii King& Gamble in Malaysia are reported. In the present research the hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Diospyros wallichii (fruits and leaves) are screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The study provides data to highlight the medicinal values of D. wallichii. Antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC11632, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145 and Escherichia coli ATCC10536 using the disk diffusion method. Results show that the hexane extract of fruits was active against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. -
Vegetation, Floristic Composition and Species Diversity in a Tropical Mountain Nature Reserve in Southern Yunnan, SW China, with Implications for Conservation
Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.8 (2): 528-546, 2015 Research Article Vegetation, floristic composition and species diversity in a tropical mountain nature reserve in southern Yunnan, SW China, with implications for conservation Hua Zhu*, Chai Yong, Shisun Zhou, Hong Wang and Lichun Yan Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xue-Fu Road 88, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P. R. China Tel.: 0086-871-65171169; Fax: 0086-871-65160916 *Corresponding author: H. Zhu, e-mail [email protected]; Fax no.: 86-871-5160916 Abstract Complete floristic and vegetation surveys were done in a newly established nature reserve on a tropical mountain in southern Yunnan. Three vegetation types in three altitudinal zones were recognized: a tropical seasonal rain forest below 1,100 m; a lower montane evergreen broad- leaved forest at 1,100-1,600 m; and a montane rain forest above 1,600 m. A total of 1,657 species of seed plants in 758 genera and 146 families were recorded from the nature reserve. Tropical families (61%) and genera (81%) comprise the majority of the flora, and tropical Asian genera make up the highest percentage, showing the close affinity of the flora with the tropical Asian (Indo-Malaysia) flora, despite the high latitude (22N). Floristic changes with altitude are conspicuous. The transition from lowland tropical seasonal rain forest dominated by mixed tropical families to lower montane forest dominated by Fagaceae and Lauraceae occurs at 1,100-1,150 m. Although the middle montane forests above 1,600 m have ‘oak-laurel’ assemblage characteristics, the temperate families Magnoliaceae and Cornaceae become dominant. -
Differential Resistance of Gordonieae Trees to Phytophthora Cinnamomi
HORTSCIENCE 44(5):1484–1486. 2009. Successful crosses of Franklinia · Schima produced the intergeneric hybrid ·Schimlinia (Ranney et al., 2003) and crosses of Frank- Differential Resistance of Gordonieae linia · Gordonia produced the intergeneric hybrid ·Gordlinia (Ranney and Fantz, 2006). Trees to Phytophthora cinnamomi However, little is known about the resistance 1 2,5 3 of related species and potential parents to Elisabeth M. Meyer , Thomas G. Ranney , and Thomas A. Eaker P. cinnamomi. The objective of this study Department of Horticultural Science, Mountain Horticultural Crops was to evaluate a collection of species, Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, 455 clones, and hybrids of Franklinia, Gordonia, Research Drive, Fletcher, NC 28732 and Schima for resistance to P. cinnamomi. 4 Kelly Ivors Materials and Methods Department of Plant Pathology, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, During the summer of 2008, seven taxa of Gordonieae trees were inoculated with Mills River, NC 28759 P. cinnamomi at the North Carolina State Additional index words. host plant resistance, disease resistance, Abies fraseri, Franklinia University Mountain Horticultural Crops alatamaha, Gordonia lasianthus, ·Gordlinia grandiflora, ·Schimlinia floribunda, Schima Research Station in Mills River, NC. These taxa included F. alatamaha, G. lasianthus, S. wallichii, Schima khasiana, Phytophthora cinnamomi khasiana, S. wallichii, ·Gordlinia H2004- Abstract. Trees in the Theaceae tribe Gordonieae are valuable nursery crops, but some of 024-008, ·Schimlinia H2002-022-083, and these taxa are known to be highly susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora ·Schimlinia H2002-022-084. The plants of cinnamomi Rands. The objective of this study was to evaluate a collection of Gordonieae the selected Gordonieae taxa were 5-month- taxa for resistance to this pathogen. -
Agrosilvopastoral Systems in Northern Thailand and Northern Laos: Minority Peoples’ Knowledge Versus Government Policy
Land 2014, 3, 414-436; doi:10.3390/land3020414 OPEN ACCESS land ISSN 2073-445X www.mdpi.com/journal/land/ Article Agrosilvopastoral Systems in Northern Thailand and Northern Laos: Minority Peoples’ Knowledge versus Government Policy Chalathon Choocharoen 1, Andreas Neef 2,*, Pornchai Preechapanya 3 and Volker Hoffmann 1 1 Institute for Social Sciences of the Agricultural Sector, Rural Communication and Extension (430a), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (V.H.) 2 Center for Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 3 Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-9-9233486; Fax: +64-9-3737439. Received: 28 January 2014; in revised form: 2 May 2014 / Accepted: 13 May 2014 / Published: 20 May 2014 Abstract: Traditional agrosilvopastoral systems have been an important component of the farming systems and livelihoods of thousands of ethnic minority people in the uplands of Mainland Southeast Asia. Drawing on a combination of qualitative and participatory inquiries in nine ethnic minority communities, this study emphasizes the complex articulation of local farmers’ knowledge which has been so far excluded from governmental development and conservation policies in the northern uplands of Thailand and Laos. Qualitative analysis of local knowledge systems is performed using the Agroecological Knowledge Toolkit (AKT5) software. Results show that ethnic minorities in the two countries perceive large ruminants to be a highly positive component of local forest agro-ecosystems due to their contribution to nutrient cycling, forest fire control, water retention, and leaf-litter dispersal. -
Schima Wallichii (DC.) Korth
Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Theaceae simartolu, schima, samak, needlewood, mang tan, Chinese guger tree, chilauni LOCAL NAMES Bengali (cheloni,mukria sal,makrisal); Burmese (laukya); Chinese (he,muhe,heshu,hemu,haozi haozi,gaobei,Chinese guger tree); English (needlewood,schima); Hindi (makusal,kanak,dieng-shyr-nagan,chilauni,nogabhe); Indonesian (seru,madang gatal,puspa); Javanese (medang gatal,seru); Lao (Sino- Tibetan) (‘mi,boun nak,‘khai sou); Malay (kelinchi padi,gegatal,medang gatal,gatal-gatal,samak); Nepali (sule-chilauni,aule-chilaune,chilaune,goe- chassi); Thai (thalo,champa dong,bunnak); Trade name (simartolu,Chinese guger tree,samak,needlewood,schima,mang tan,chilauni); Vietnamese (v[oos]i thu[oos]c) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Schima wallichii is an evergreen, medium-sized to large tree growing to 47 m in height; bole cylindrical, branchless for up to 25 m, diameter up to 125 (max. 250) cm, with a steep buttresses rarely up to 1.8 m high; bark surface ruggedly cracked into small, thick, angular pieces, red-brown to dark grey; inner bark with skin-irritating fibres, bright red in colour. Leaves spiral, oblong to broadly elliptic, 6-13 x 3-5 cm; base wedge shaped; apex acute to acuminate; margin toothed; secondary veins 6-8 pairs; petioles about 3 mm long. Flowers solitary in axils at the apices of twigs, with 2 bracteoles, pentamerous; sepals subequal, persistent in fruit; petals connate at base, white, with a rosy flush; stamens many, adnate to the corolla base; anthers versatile; ovary superior, 5-locular with 2-6 ovules in each cell; style simple. Fruit a woody subglobose capsule, 2-3 cm in diameter, silky, opening by 5 valves; seeds winged all around. -
Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation!
Pacific Science (1991), vol. 45, no. 1: 28-49 © 1991 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation! YOSHIKAZU SHIMIZU2 AND HIDEO TABATA 3 ABSTRACT: Native forest and scrub of Chichijima, the largest island in the Bonins, were classified into five types based on structural features: Elaeocarpus Ardisia mesic forest, 13-16 m high, dominated by Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius and Ardisia sieboldii; Pinus-Schima mesic forest, 12-16 m high, consisting of Schima mertensiana and an introduced pine , Pinus lutchuensis; Rhaphiolepis Livistonia dry forest, 2-6 m high, mainly occupied by Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima; Distylium-Schima dry forest, 3-8 m high, dominated by Distylium lepidotum and Schima mertensiana; and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub, 0.3 1.5 m high, mainly composed of Distylium lepidotum. A vegetation map based on this classification was developed. Species composition and structural features of each type were analyzed in terms of habitat condition and mechanisms of regeneration. A group of species such as Pouteria obovata, Syzgygium buxifo lium, Hibiscus glaber, Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima, and Pandanus boninen sis, all with different growth forms from large trees to stunted shrubs, was subdominant in all vegetation types. Schima mertensiana , an endemic pioneer tree, occurred in both secondary forests and climax forests as a dominant canopy species and may be an indication of "ecological release," a characteristic of oceanic islands with poor floras and little competitive pressure. Some taxonomic groups (Callicarpa, Symplocos, Pittosporum, etc.) have speciated in the under story of Distylium-Schima dry forest and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub. -
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Diospyros Wallichii King & Gamble (Ebenaceae) Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh1, * and Shamsul Khamis2
Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2020; 7(3): 12-17 Salleh & Khamis DOI: 10.37929/nveo.746965 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chemical composition of the essential oil of Diospyros wallichii King & Gamble (Ebenaceae) Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh1, * and Shamsul Khamis2 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, MALAYSIA 2School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Submitted: 02.06.2020; Accepted: 18.08.2020 Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Diospyros wallichii (Ebenaceae) growing in Malaysia was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 34 components (95.8%) were successfully identified in the essential oil which were characterized by high proportions of β-eudesmol (28.5%), caryophyllene oxide (9.5%), β-caryophyllene (7.2%), α-eudesmol (6.5%) and germacrene D (6.2%). Keywords: Ebenaceae, Diospyros wallichii, essential oil, hydrodistillation, β-eudesmol, GC-MS Introduction Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds, mainly terpenes and oxygenated aromatic and aliphatic compounds, such as phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, and oxides, biosynthesized and accumulated in many plants (Dhifi et al., 2016). These naturally occurring mixtures of volatile compounds have been gaining increasing interest because of their wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetics, perfume, food, and agricultural industries (Jugreet et al., 2020). The Ebenaceae family contains approximately 5 genera and 500 species. -
Vegetation Changes from the Late Pleistocene Through the Holocene from Three Areas of Archaeological Significance in Thailand Joyce C
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International 113 (2004) 111–132 Vegetation changes from the late Pleistocene through the Holocene from three areas of archaeological significance in Thailand Joyce C. Whitea,*, Daniel Pennyb, Lisa Kealhoferc, BernardMaloney d,{ a University of Pennsylvania Museum, 3260 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6324, USA b School of Geosciences, Department of Archaeology and the Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Madsen Building FO9, 2006 NSW, Australia c Department of Anthropology and Sociology/Environmental Studies Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA d School of Archaeology and Palaeoecology, The Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK Abstract Reconstruction of the environmental history of mainlandSoutheast Asia from the late Pleistocene is a relatively recent endeavor. Beginning in the mid-1990s, lacustrine sediments in Thailand with deposits dating from the late Pleistocene have been cored and analyzedfor palaeoenvironmental indicators.The three cores reportedhere were extractedby the ThailandPalaeoenvironment Project, whose objective was to retrieve empirical data on vegetation and sedimentary sequences that can in turn be related to the growing archaeological record from this part of monsoonal Asia. This evidence, along with data from other recently analyzed cores, is beginning to develop a picture of regionally diverse environmental/cultural trajectories. Possible relationships between the environmental changes and cultural and/or climatic impacts are discussed. r 2003 Elsevier LtdandINQUA. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction cene hadbeen extractedandanalyzedfor palaeovegeta- tion andother environmental changes. Those records For research on the evolution of Asia’s monsoonal that hadbeen publishedwere only a few millennia in system, Thailandholdsa key geographic position. -
Documentation of Tree Species Within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl, India, with Notes on Their Ethnomedicinal Values
Volume 19, issue 3, pages 63–78 30 September 2019 https://doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.03.01 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Documentation of tree species within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl, India, with notes on their ethnomedicinal values Lalrinkimi1*, R.K. Lallianthanga2 1Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, 796017, India 2Directorate of Science and Technology, Mizoram New Capital Complex 796001, India This study provides a first report of the various tree species prevailing in the Received 26 April 2019 Accepted 16 July 2019 tropical semi-evergreen forest within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl in relation to their diversity; and also mentions traditional ethnomedicinal and *For correspondence: [email protected] economic uses of the species. A total number of 776 individual trees were assessed within the study site belonging to 74 different species representing 61 genera and Contact us: [email protected] 34 families. Among these, 55 tree species have been reported by previous workers to possess indigenous medicinal values. The most abundant tree species at the study site was found to be Callicarpa arborea (hnahkiah) of Verbenaceae comprising 14.30% of the total trees assessed, followed by Anogeissus acuminata (zairum) of Combretaceae with 12.62%, and Schima wallichii (khiang) of Theaceae with 10.56%. A concise list of the species recorded along with their ethnomedicinal and economic uses have been presented here. The prospect of in situ conservation of tree species is briefly highlighted. Keywords: Tree species, ethnomedicinal trees, in situ conservation, Mizoram Science Centre, Documentation. Introduction Among the 36 biodiversity hotspots of the world, a wealth of medicinal plants as reported by various 2,4-6 Mizoram, one of the northeastern states of India workers. -
A Brief Nomenclatural Review of Genera and Tribes in Theaceae Linda M
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 24 | Issue 1 Article 8 2007 A Brief Nomenclatural Review of Genera and Tribes in Theaceae Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Prince, Linda M. (2007) "A Brief Nomenclatural Review of Genera and Tribes in Theaceae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 24: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol24/iss1/8 Aliso 24, pp. 105–121 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden A BRIEF NOMENCLATURAL REVIEW OF GENERA AND TRIBES IN THEACEAE LINDA M. PRINCE Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Ave., Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The angiosperm family Theaceae has been investigated extensively with a rich publication record of anatomical, cytological, paleontological, and palynological data analyses and interpretation. Recent developmental and molecular data sets and the application of cladistic analytical methods support dramatic changes in circumscription at the familial, tribal, and generic levels. Growing interest in the family outside the taxonomic and systematic fields warrants a brief review of the recent nomenclatural history (mainly 20th century), some of the classification systems currently in use, and an explanation of which data support various classification schemes. An abridged bibliography with critical nomen- clatural references is provided. Key words: anatomy, classification, morphology, nomenclature, systematics, Theaceae. INTRODUCTION acters that were restricted to the family and could be used to circumscribe it. -
Winged Seeds from the Early Miocene of the Mecsek Mts, W Hungary
Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-020-00461-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Fossil Gordonia (s.l.)–like (Theaceae) winged seeds from the early Miocene of the Mecsek Mts, W Hungary Boglárka Erdei1 & Lilla Hably1 Received: 3 March 2020 /Revised: 5 May 2020 /Accepted: 21 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Winged seeds were recovered from two sites of the late early Miocene (Karpatian) flora of Magyaregregy, Mecsek Mts, W Hungary. The seeds are assigned to the fossil-genus and species, Mecsekispermum gordonioides Hably and Erdei gen. nov. et sp. nov., and are tentatively related to the family Theaceae. Based on the overall character of the winged seeds and the isodiametric surface pattern of the seed coat, the seeds are most comparable with species of Gordonia J. Ellis (s.l.,) in Theeae (Laplacea Kunth or Polyspora Sweet). A comparison with winged seeds of other fossil genera, e.g. Saportaspermum Meyer and Manchester, and winged seeds of modern genera in various families is also given. The fossil flora is preserved in the fish scale-bearing clay marl belonging to the Feked Formation and Komló Claymarl Member and dated as Karpatian (late Burdigalian, standard chronostratigraphy). Keywords Fossil flora . Magyaregregy . Saportaspermum . Mecsekispermum . Fish scale-bearing clay marl . Karpatian Introduction Kentucky and Tennessee (Grote and Dilcher 1992; Martínez-Millán 2010). Winged fruits or seeds have frequently been reported in the The classification of the family Theaceae varied in many European fossil record. Disseminules having an apical or lat- authors, according to the characters emphasised (Prince and eral wing have been described variously as Cedrelospermum Parks 2001). -
* Correspondence To: Yujing Yan, Email: [email protected] Or Charles C
Supplementary Materials for Phytogeographic history of the Tea family inferred through high-resolution phylogeny and fossils *Yujing Yan1,2, *Charles C. Davis2, Dimitar Dimitrov1,3, Zhiheng Wang4, Carsten Rahbek5,1,4,6,7, Michael Krabbe Borregaard1 1. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark 2. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3. Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway 4. Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 5. Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 6. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silkwood Park campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK 7. Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. * Correspondence to: Yujing Yan, email: [email protected] or Charles C. Davis, email: [email protected] This PDF file includes: Appendix 1 (p.4) Supplementary Notes 1 (p. 2-4) Supplementary Tables S1 to S11 (p.7-42) Supplementary Figures S1 to S10 (p.43-52) 1 Supplementary Note 1. Inference of biogeographical patterns using a fully Bayesian method in RevBayes We applied an alternative biogeographic method proposed by Landis et al. (2020) to a subset of our Theaceae empirical dataset and compared its performance to our method. This method uses a hierarchical Bayesian approach to account for the uncertainty in the position of fossils (lack of characters), phylogenetic relationships, and the geological/biogeographic template at once.