ĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͗ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ WƌŽĨ͘:͘/njĐŽ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŽƚĂŶLJ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶƟĂŐŽĚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚĞůĂ͘ ͲϭϱϳϴϮ^ĂŶƟĂŐŽĚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚĞůĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿ͘ͲŵĂŝů͗ũĞƐƵƐ͘ŝnjĐŽΛƵƐĐ͘ĞƐ ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͘ 'ůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ;ĐƵů - ƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůͿ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͕ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚŝŶƚŚĞǁŝĚĞ sense and as species of the genus Camellia ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŚĂǀĞƚƌĂǀĞůůĞĚĮƌƐƚƚŽƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƚŚĞLJŚĂǀĞƐƉƌĞĂĚĂůůŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ůŝŶŬĞĚ to cultural, economic, ornamental or sociologic processes. Examples of these processes are the /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ͕ƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ͘ <ĞLJǁŽƌĚƐ͘ /ŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂůŇŽƌĂ͕ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ŝŶĐƵůƚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ͕DĐ>Ƶ - ŚĂŶ͕ƚƌĂŶƐĐƵůƚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƐŽĐŝĂůŝnjŝŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĞ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ 'ůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ƐŝŶĐĞůŝǀŝŶŐďĞŝŶŐƐƚĞŶĚƚŽŵŽǀĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͘,ƵŵĂŶďĞŝŶŐƐŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚƌŝď - ƵƚĞĚƚŽŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƚƌĂǀĞůƐĂŶĚĨƵƐŝŽŶĂŵŽŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͘ 9 tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚŝƐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂƌĞĂĐůĞĂƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ďŽƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐĞŶƐĞĂŶĚĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚ sensory universe of men. ĂŵĞůůŝĂĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ dŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ͕ďƌŽĂĚůLJƐƉĞĂŬŝŶŐ͕ĂƐĂůůůŝŶĞĂŐĞƐŽĨŽƚĂŶLJŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family, occupy a broad stripe around the globe. The surface of this land depends on the concept of the group. The more restricted family concept, established on the basis of ŵŽůĞĐƵůĂƌĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ;^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ĚƌĂǁƐĂŶĞƋƵĂƚŽƌŝĂůƐƚƌŝƉĞ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞƉůĂŶƚƐŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ in areas that go beyond the tropics in Southeastern Asia and in the whole American con- ƟŶĞŶƚ͘dŚĞĂďƐŽůƵƚĞůŝŵŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƚƌŝďĞ 'ŽƌĚŽŶŝĞĂĞ ͕ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůϰϬΣE͕ŝŶŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůϭϴǑ^͕ŝŶƚŚĞƌĂnjŝůŝĂŶ coast. ĂŵĞůůŝĂŐůŽďĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ :ŽƵƌŶĞLJƚŽƚŚĞtĞƐƚ ͘tŚĞŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĚĞƌŽƵƚĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ͕ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ŝŶĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨŝŵƉŽƌƟŶŐŐŽŽĚƐŽƌŶĞǁƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚďƌŝŶŐŐƌĞĂƚďĞŶĞĮƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƵƌŽ - ƉĞĂŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ͕ĂůƐŽĂƚƌŝƐŬŽĨŚĂǀŝŶŐƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůŽƐƐĞƐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŚĂnjĂƌĚƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚƌŝƉƐ͘dŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ/ŶĚŝĂŶĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐďƵŝůƚĂďƌŝĚŐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐŝĂĂŶĚƵƌŽƉĞƚŽ commercialize the valuable spices (cinnamon, cloves were shiped to Europe regularly). ^ƉĂŝŶƚƌŝĞĚƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƚƌĂĚĞƌŽƵƚĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂƐƚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞǀĞƌƐĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞƚůĂŶƟĐKĐĞĂŶ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƐƚŽƉŝŶŝƚƐůĂŶĚƐŽĨĞŶƚƌĂůŵĞƌŝĐĂ͘&ƌŽŵƚŚĞƌĞ͕ƚŚĞLJŶĂǀŝŐĂƚ - ĞĚƚŚĞWĂĐŝĮĐKĐĞĂŶƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞWŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͘dŚĂƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞLJ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƚŚĞĐŚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚƌĂǀĞůŝŶŐďĂĐŬĂŶĚĨŽƌƚŚďĞƚǁĞĞŶDĞdžŝĐŽĂŶĚƚŚĞWŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞEŽƌƚŚWĂĐŝĮĐ͘dŚĞŶĞǁƌŽƵƚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ ƐŝĂŶĂŶĚDĞdžŝĐĂŶĐŽĂƐƚǁĂƐŬŶŽǁŶĂƐDĂŶŝůĂ'ĂůůĞŽŶ͕ĐĂƉƵůĐŽ'ĂůůĞŽŶ͕ƐŝůŬǀĞƐƐĞůŽƌ ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ EĂŽĚĞůĂŚŝŶĂƌŽƵƚĞ͕ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƉŽƌƚ͕ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŵŵŽĚŝƚLJŽƌƚŚĞ ŽƌŝŐŝŶŽĨƚŚĞŐŽŽĚƐ͘ĂĐŬŝŶDĞdžŝĐŽ͕ƚŚĞƌŽƵƚĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŝŶůĂŶĚƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƉŽƌƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĂ - ƌŝďďĞĂŶ^ĞĂƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƚŽǁŶƐĂŶĚĐŝƟĞƐ͘ Undoubtedly, the interest of Spain in these distant lands was twofold. On the one ŚĂŶĚ͕ŝƚǁĂƐĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞǁĂƐůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽ ĞǀĂŶŐĞůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͖ĂŶĚǁĂƐĂůƐŽŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚďLJƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŝŵƐ͘ƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐ religious mission, the Spanish and Portuguese missionaries contributed to the fusion of ƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĚĞǀŽƟŽŶďLJŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƐLJŵďŽůƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚ ďƵƚŝŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƚ͘dŚĞLJĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƚƵƌŶƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂŝŶƚŽĂƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐƐLJŵďŽů ŝŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͖͘,ŝƌƵŬŝ;ϮϬϬϱ͕ϮϬϬϲͿĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞsŝƌŐŝŶ Mary with the rose itself in the Catholicism, was done in the East with an apparently ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŶĂƟǀĞŇŽǁĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŽƌŝĚĞĂůŝnjĞĚĨŽƌŵƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐĂůƐŽ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĂƐĂƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůƐLJŵďŽů͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐŽƌĚĞƌƐďƌŽƵŐŚƚďĂĐŬƚŽ ƵƌŽƉĞŶĞǁŝĚĞĂƐ͕ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ĂƌƚŽďũĞĐƚƐ͕ƉůĂŶƚƐŽƌƉůĂŶƚĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚĞĂ and probably the ornamental camellia. dŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ ͘ǀĞƌLJĚĂLJŶĞǁĂŶĚƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĚĂƚĞƐŽĨĂƌƌŝǀĂůŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐƚŽƵƌŽƉĞĂƌĞĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ͘'ŝůĚĞ^ĞĂďƌĂ;ϮϬϬϱͿƚƌĂŶƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŽǁƌLJŽĨĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĞŽĨƌĂŐĂŶnjĂ͕ĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌŽĨ<ŝŶŐWĞĚƌŽ/sŽĨWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕ĨŽƌŚĞƌ ŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞƚŽ<ŝŶŐŚĂƌůĞƐ//ŽĨŶŐůĂŶĚŝŶϭϲϱϮ͗͞ƵŵĂĂƌĐĂĚĞĐŚĄ΀ƚĞĂ΁͘͘͘͟ (a box of tea) when the Camellia sinensis ďĞǀĞƌĂŐĞǁĂƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůLJƵŶŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚ/ƐůĞƐĂŶĚ ƚŚĞEĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞ Camellia symbol probably traveled to Europe, ĂƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚďLJ^ĂůŝŶĞƌŽΘDĂŶƐŝůůĂ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞŚŽůLJǁĂƚĞƌĨŽŶƚƐŽĨƐƚŽŶĞ ĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞŚƵƌĐŚŽĨ^ĂŶƚĂDĂƌŝĂƐŽƉƌĂDŝŶĞƌǀĂŝŶZŽŵĞ;/ƚĂůLJͿ͕ĂǁŽƌŬŽĨKĐƚĂǀŝŽ>Ă - njnjĞƌŝ͕ǁŚŽƐĐƵůƉƚĞĚƚŚĞŵŝŶϭϱϴϴ͘ 10 dŚĞ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ ĂƐ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ Ăƌƚ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ ͲĂůƐŽŝŶDĞdžŝĐŽͲĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚƚŽŶĂŵďĂŶĂƌƚ͘dŚĞLJǁĞƌĞŽŌĞŶďŽdžĞƐ͕ůĞĐƚĞƌŶƐ͕ĨŽůĚŝŶŐ ƐĐƌĞĞŶƐ͕ ĨĂŶƐ͕ ũĞǁĞůƌLJ͕ ĂƐƚĞƌŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ĚĞƐŬƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ Ăƌƚ ƐƚLJůĞ͕ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ ŇŽǁĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƐƚƵĚŝĞĚĨŽƌƐŽŵĞƟŵĞ;dždždžͿĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐǁĞƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚƐ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ;^ĂŝŶnjΘ/njĐŽ͕ϮϬϭϯ͖^ĂŝŶnjĞƚĂůϮϬϭϰͿ͘ĂƟŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŝdž - ƚĞĞŶƚŚĂŶĚƐĞǀĞŶƚĞĞŶƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƉƌŝǀĂƚĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ museums and royal Spanish and Portuguese monasteries are proof of the arrival in Eu- ƌŽƉĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĂƌůŝĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĚĂƚĞƐ͘͘ /ƚǁĂƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞǁĂƐ ĚŽŶĞďLJ:ŽŚŶWĞƟǀĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵĂŐĞƐĂůƐŽďĞůŽŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƵƚŚŽƌ͕ŝŶŚŝƐ Gazo- ƉŚLJůĂĐŝŝEĂƚƵƌĂĞĞƚƌƟƐ ;ϭϳϬϮͿĂŶĚƚŽŶŐĞůďĞƌƚ<ĂĞŵƉĨĞƌ͕ŝŶŚŝƐǁŽƌŬ͗ ŵŽĞŶŝƚĂƚƵŵ ĞdžŽƟĐĂƌƵŵ WŽůŝƟĐŽͲƉŚLJƐŝĐŽͲŵĞĚŝĐĂƌƵŵ , Libri V ;ϭϳϭϮͿ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽ>ƵĐŚĂĞnjĞů;ϮϬϬϳͿ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĂƚĚĂƚĞ͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞƵƚĐŚďŽƚĂŶŝƐƚ:ĂĐŽďŽŶƟƵƐŝŶŚŝƐ EĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐĞƚŵĞĚŝĐĂĞEŝƐƚŽƌŝĂĞ/ŶĚŝĂĞŽƌŝĞŶ - talis ͕>ŝďƌŝs/;ϭϲϰϮͿ͘ƐƌĞŐĂƌĚƐĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚŝŵĂŐĞŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŽĨŽŶƟƵƐƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJtŝůůĞŵWŝƐŽʹƚŚĞ>ĂƟŶŝnjĞĚŶĂŵĞŽĨtŝůŚĞůŵ Pies – in his Ğ/ŶĚŝĂĞƵƚƌŝƵƐƋƵĞƌĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝĞƚŵĞĚŝĂ ͕ŝŶϭϲϱϴ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ of the plant. KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕'ĞŽƌŐĞ<ĂŵĞůŝƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĮŐƵƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽǀĞƌƐLJŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͘/ƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ:ĞƐƵŝƚ pharmacist has never seen camellias, since he did not leave the Philippines where they ĂƌĞŶŽƚŶĂƟǀĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶŝŶŐĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂŶĂďƐŽůƵƚĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƌĞ - ĐĞŶƚĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ;ŚĂĞnjĞů͕ϮϬϬϳ͖ŚĂĞnjĞůΘ,ĞƌĚƚ͕ϮϬϬϴͿ͕'͘<ĂŵĞůŝƐƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŽĨĂƉŝĐƚƵƌĞ ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ ŽĨĂĐĂŵĞůůŝĂ͕ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚĂƐ͞dƐĐŚŝĂ͕͟ǁŝƚŚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐƐƵĐŚĂƐůĂŶĐĞŽůĂƚĞĮŶĞůLJ toothed leaves, and a rounded fruit with three carpels. This drawing, as well as other ǁƌŝƟŶŐƐďLJƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƵƚŚŽƌ͕ŝƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞDĂƵƌŝƚƐ^ĂďďĞ>ŝďƌĂƌLJŽĨƚŚĞĂƚŚŽůŝĐhŶŝ - ǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ>ŽƵǀĂŝŶ;ĞůŐŝƵŵͿ͘dŚĞLJĂƌĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŽĚĂƚĞďĂĐŬďĞĨŽƌĞϭϳϬϲ͕ǁŚĞŶ'͘<ĂŵĞů died, but the route and date of arrival these documents have not been determined yet. dŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŐĂƌĚĞŶƐŽĨZŽďĞƌƚ:ĂŵĞƐ͕ϴ th Lord Petre, ŝŶdŚŽƌŶĚŽŶ,Ăůů;ƐƐĞdž͕ŶŐůĂŶĚͿ͕ŝŶϭϳϯϵ͕ŝƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŐƌŽǁŶŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ͘/ƚŝƐǁĞůůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚĂŶĚƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚŝŶĚŽnjĞŶƐŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŬƐĂŶĚĂƌƟĐůĞƐ͘/ƚ ŝƐĂŶĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘ ZŝĐŚŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉ dŚĞŐĞŶƵƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ . The genus Camellia was described by Linnaeus in his Syste- ŵĂEĂƚƵƌĂĞ ͕ŝŶϭϳϯϱ͘dŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚůĂƚĞƌ͘/ŶŚŝƐ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐWůĂŶƚĂƌƵŵ ;ϭϳϱϯͿ͕ Thea sinensis is included in Class XIII ( DŽŶĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ͘DŽŶŽŐLJŶŝĂ Ϳ͕ǀŽůƵŵĞϭ͕ƉĂŐĞϱϭϱ͖ ĂŵĞůůŝĂũĂƉŽŶŝĐĂ and ^ƚĞǁĂƌƟĂŵĂůĂĐŽĚĞŶĚƌŽŶ were described in class XVI ( DŽŶĂĚĞů - ƉŚŝĂ͘WŽůLJĂŶĚƌŝĂ Ϳ͕ǀŽůƵŵĞϮ͕ƉĂŐĞϲϵϴ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĂŵĞůůŝĂƐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚďLJ͘>ŝŶŶĂĞƵƐŝŶƚŚĞ mid eighteenth century, many other botanists have dealt with this group of plants on the ďĂƐŝƐŽĨŶĞǁĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂǀĞŶŽƚĮŶŝƐŚĞĚLJĞƚ͘ZĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJĨƌŽŵϴƚŽϭϮŐĞŶƵƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƚŽĚĂLJ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚĂŚƵŶĚƌĞĚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ proposed. ƐƵŵŵĂƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐŵĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞůĂƐƚĮŌLJLJĞĂƌƐŝƐĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞƚŚĂƚƐŚŽǁƐ ƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐŝnjĞĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨƚŚĞ dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ family and its contents. Among the various proposals, the comprehensive molecular analysis of the components of the 11 dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ;WƌŝŶĐĞΘWĂƌŬƐ͕ϮϬϬϭ͖WƌŝŶĐĞ͕ϮϬϬϳͿŚĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚϯƚƌŝďĞƐĂŶĚϵŐĞŶƵƐŝŶ ƚŽƚĂů͘dŚŝƐĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŝƐĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJƚŚĞŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵWŚLJůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐ'ƌŽƵƉ;W'Ϳ͕ŽĨĂ ĮůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͕ŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĐůĂĚŝƐƟĐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨEƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐŽĨϯŐĞŶĞƐ ƉĞƌƐĂŵƉůĞ͕ƚǁŽŽĨƚŚĞŵĐŚůŽƌŽƉůĂƐƟĐĂŶĚŽŶĞƌŝďŽƐŽŵĂů͘/ŶƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨW'͕ ƚŚĞdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞĨĂŵŝůLJŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŽŝĚƐĐůĂĚĞ͕ƌŝĐĂůĞƐŽƌĚĞƌ;^ƚĞǀĞŶƐ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Camellia is no less complicated than that of the dŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐŽĨŝŶĨƌĂŐĞŶĞƌŝĐƌĂŶŬƐ͘KƚŚĞƌƐƵŐŐĞƐ - ƟŽŶƐĐůĂƐƐŝĨLJƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĂƚŽĨ^ĞĂůLJ;ϭϵϱϴͿŽƌƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƌĞĐĞŶƚǁŽƌŬƐ ŽĨŚĂŶŐ͕DŝŶŐŽƌ:ŝLJŝŶĞƚĂů͘;ϮϬϬϱͿ;dĂďůĞϭͿ͕ŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶ ƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůŝŵŝƚƐ͘ dĂďůĞϭ͘ ůĂƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Camellia ͘EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ Chang Ming :ŝLJŝŶĞƚĂů͘ ;ϮϬϬϱͿ ^ƵďŐĞŶĞƌĂ ϰ Ϯ ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐ ϮϮ ϭϯ ϭϵ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ Đ͘ϮϴϬ Đ͘ϮϴϬ ϭϱϬͲϮϵϬ /ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŝƚŝƐŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞĞdžĂĐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ genus Camellia ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵϭϬϬƚŽϮϴϬ͘dŚĞWůĂŶƚ>ŝƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ϭ͕ϬϳϭŶĂŵĞƐŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJdŚĞĂĐĞĂĞ͕ŽĨǁŚŝĐŚϰϱйĂƌĞƐLJŶŽŶLJŵƐ;ǁǁǁ͘ƚŚĞ - plantlist). ϮϬϭϰ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJŽŶŐƌĞƐƐ WŽŶƚĞǀĞĚƌĂ;^ƉĂŝŶͿϭϭͲϭϱDĂƌĐŚ dŚĞǁŽƌůĚŵĂƉŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐĂŶĚƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌ names, which are part of the diversity of plants, although they were originated by men. In the genus Camellia ŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϯϬ͕ϬϬϬĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐĂƌĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ͕ƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŚŝƐŐĞŶƵƐŝŶƚŽ ŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐ͘KŶůLJƚŚĞŐĞŶƵƐ Rosa has a similar ŶƵŵďĞƌ͘dŚĞŵŽŶƵŵĞŶƚĂůƚĂƐŬŽĨŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐĂůůĐĂŵĞůůŝĂĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂƚĂůŽŐŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵƉůĞdžĂŶĚĚŝĸĐƵůƚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŵĞůůŝĂ^Ž - ĐŝĞƚLJ;/^Ϳ͕ďƵƚŝƚǁĂƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘^ĂǀŝŐĞ;ϭϵϵϯͿ͕ƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌŬ͕ŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂ - ƟŽŶŽĨĂůůƚŚĞƐĞĐƵůƟǀĂƌƐŝŶƚǁŽůĂƌŐĞǀŽůƵŵĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƚĂůŽĨϮ͕ϮϬϵƉĂŐĞƐ͖ƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬǁĂƐ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJĂƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϴǁŝƚŚϯϴϲƉĂŐĞƐŽĨĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŽĚĂLJ͕ ƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŽŶƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚďLJƚŚĞ/^ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ'ŝĂŶŵĂƌŝŽ