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Vol. 4 2008 Impressum Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige Abteilung Forstwirtschaft – Ripartizione Foreste forest observer vol. 4 2008 Impressum Herausgeber Editore Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige Abteilung Forstwirtschaft Ripartizione Foreste I-39100 Bozen • Brennerstr. 6 I-39100 Bolzano • Via Brennero 6 Tel. 0471/415300 - 415301 Tel. 0471/415300 - 415301 Fax 0471/415313 Fax 0471/415313 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] Editor in chief Editor in chief Paul Profanter Paul Profanter Direktor Abteilung Forstwirtschaft Direttore Ripartizione Foreste I-39100 Bozen • Brennerstr. 6 I-39100 Bolzano • Via Brennero 6 Redaktion: Redazione: Managing Director Managing Director Florian Blaas Florian Blaas Direktor Amt für Forstverwaltung Direttore Ufficio amministrazione forestale I-39100 Bozen • Brennerstr. 6 I-39100 Bolzano • Via Brennero 6 Koordinator Coordinatore Stefano Minerbi Stefano Minerbi Amt für Forstverwaltung Ufficio amministrazione forestale I-39100 Bozen • Brennerstr. 6 I-39100 Bolzano • Via Brennero 6 Beratung Consulenza Cristina Salvadori Cristina Salvadori Istituto Agrario di S. Michele a /A, Istituto Agrario di S. Michele a /A, Unità operativa – Foreste, Unità operativa – Foreste, I-38010 S. Michele • Via E. Mach 2 I-38010 S. Michele • Via E. Mach 2 Schriftleiter Redattore incaricato Klaus Hellrigl Klaus Hellrigl I-39042 Brixen • Wolkensteinstraße 83 I-39042 Bressanone • Via Wolkenstein 83 Layout & Grafik Layout & Grafica Helga Veleba Helga Veleba Brixen/Wien Bressanone/Vienna Druck Stampa KARO-Druck KARO-Druck Eppan Appiano Copyright: © Landesforstdienst / Servizio Forestale provinciale Abteilung 32 Forstwirtschaft / Ripartizione 32 Foreste Cover picture: Erbsengallen (“Smooth Pea-galls”) der “Weinrosen-Gallwespe” Diplolepis eglanteriae (Hartig 1840) Südtirol: Aicha-Spinges, 19.06.2008, an Blättern von Wildrose Rosa sp. (Foto K. Hellrigl). Issued: march 2009 ISBN: 88-901605-2-7 forest observer vol. 4 2008 3 - 248 Faunistik der Gallwespen von Südtirol-Trentino (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) Klaus Hellrigl Abstract Faunistics of gall-wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea) from South Tyrol and Trentino (N-Italy). The author gives a survey on the occurrence of gall wasps in the two Regional Provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino, respectively. The main treatment relates to the typical gall formations of the single species that are described and, for the most part, illustrated. In all, 151 species are treated; of these, 103 species are recorded from the Region: 73 species occur in South Tyrol and 76 species in Trentino (Tab. 2). In addition, some 50 species are indicated in order to evaluate further possible presences in South Tyrol-Trentino. The material primarily is based on the evaluation and re-elaboration of older published references, like the 16 records of species mentioned by DALLA TORRE (1892-1896) in Cecidien Tirols, as well as BEZZI (1899: Cecidiologia Trentina) and CO B ELLI (1903: Imenotteri del Trentino) with 24 species on the area of Trentino (Tab. 1). To this are added subsequent records for 12 species from South Tyrol given by HELLRIGL (1984, 1997): Ibalia leucospoides, Andricus caputmedusae, A. fecundator, A. inflator, A. kollari, A. quercustozae, Biorhiza pallida, Cynips quercusfolii, Diplolepis rosae, Isocolus scabiosae, Neuroterus numismalis, N. quercusbaccarum. During the last 5 years, 2004-2008, the Author employed extensive, carefully directed investigations on Cynipidae galls in South Tyrol and Trentino, which resulted in many new findings and more than a doubled the number of recorded species for the whole Region from 41 to the present 103 species. Besides, some 4,500 specimens of galls where measured and their registered dimensions illustrated graphically (Graphics 1-9). Included in the investigations were also two regional forestry areas of an international "Integrated Monitoring-Programm" with the sites of "Quercetum pubescentis" in Montiggl (IT-02) near Kaltern/Caldaro (BZ) and in Pomarolo (IT-04) near Rovereto (TN), respectively. Ten species, formerly recorded only by DALLA TORRE (1892-96): Andricus ostreus, Andricus solitarius, Cynips agama, Cynips cornifex, Cynips quercus, Diplolepis mayri, Diplolepis spinosissimae, Liposthenes glechomae, Trigonaspis synaspis, Synergus physoceras – were confirmed by recent findings. Another 48 species were newly recorded for South Tyrol: Andricus aries, A. burgundus, A. callidoma, A. conglomeratus, A. coriarius, A. corruptrix, A. curvator, A. glandulae, (A. globuli), A. infectorius, A. legitimus, A. lignicolus, A. paradoxus, A. polycerus, A. pseudoinflator, A. quercuscalicis, A. quercusradicis, A. quercusramuli, Aulacidea hieracii, Aylax minor, Aylax papaveris, Ceroptres claviconis, Cynips disticha, Diastrophus rubi, Diplolepis eglanteriae, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Neuroterus albipes, N. aprilinus, N. tricolor, Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, Phanacis hypochoeridis, Periclistus brandtii, Synergus apicalis, S. clandestinus, S. crassicornis, S. gallaepomiformis, S. hayneanus, S. pallicornis, S. pallipes (= albipes, nervosus), S. reinhardi, S. thaumacerus, S. umbraculus, Xestophanes potentillae, plus another six parasitic Figitidae. 52 species were newly recorded for Trentino: Andricus amblycerus, A. amenti (= giraudianus), A. caliciformis, A. caputmedusae, A. conglomeratus, A. conificus, A. coriarius, A. corruptrix, A. cydoniae, A. fecundator, A. galeatus, A. gallaeurnaeformis, A. gemmeus, A. grossulariae (=A. mayri + panteli), A. infectorius, A. inflator (= globuli), A. lignicolus, A. lucidus (=aestivalis), A. multiplicatus, A. polycerus, A. quercustozae, A. seckendorffi, A. solitarius, A. truncicolus, Aphelonyx cerricola, Aylax minor, Callirhytis glandium, C. rufescens, Cynips agama, C. cornifex, C. quercus, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Neuroterus albipes, N. anthracinus, N. aprilinus, N. minutulus, N. numismalis, N. saliens, N. tricolor, Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, Plagiotrochus australis, Synophrus politus, Trigonaspis synaspis, Ceroptres cerri, Ceroptres clavicornis, Synergus apicalis, S. hayneanus, S. pallicornis, S. pallidipennis, S. pallipes, S. thaumacerus, S. umbraculus. Formerly 24 species had been recorded for each of the Provinces of Trentino and Bozen-South Tyrol. The present investigation enabled a triplication of the number of species recorded, reaching 76 species in Trentino, and 73 species in South Tyrol (cfr. Tab. 2). Of considerable importance for the larger richness of Oak-gallwasp species in Trentino is the wide-spread presence in that Province of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), which is the natural sexual-generation host for many Oak-gallwasp species, whereas this host is almost absent in South Tyrol. (cfr. Tab. 3). 3 1 Einleitung Die Cynipoidea bilden eine artenreiche Überfami- Zu den Cynipidae und den von ihnen bzw. ihren lie, die neben phytophagen Erregern und Inquilinen Larven hervorgerufenen Gallenbildungen an ver- von Pflanzengallen auch zahlreiche zoophage Pa- schiedenen Pflanzen (bei deutlicher Bevorzugung rasitoiden umfaßt. Die parasitoide Lebensweise ist von Quercus- und Rosa-Arten) und Pflanzenteilen dabei als die ursprünglichere anzusehen (KAES T NER (Blätter, Knospen, Stängel, Wurzeln u.a.) ist noch 2003) und betrifft etwa die Hälfte der bisher welt- folgendes zu bemerken: Die Gallen sind meist von weit bekannten rd. 3300 Arten (GAUL D & BOL T ON sehr charakteristischer, arttypischer Form und da- 1996). her leicht zu erkennen. Früher wurden sogar oft- Die systematische Einteilung und Zuordnung zu mals Arten nur nach ihrer typischen Gallenform den einzelnen Familien ist derzeit noch umstritten. beschrieben und benannt, was bis zum Jahre 1930 Insgesamt scheint die Gruppierung eher durch die zulässig und gültig war (ICZN, Art. 72.5). Dabei Lebensweise als durch morphologische Merkmale gibt es unter den Gallenbildnern an Eichen viele definiert zu werden (KAES T NER 2003). Einig sind Arten mit Wechsel zwischen sexueller und agamer sich die Autoren derzeit nur über zwei Familien: (parthenogenetischer) Generation (Heterogonie), die Ibaliidae, eine artenarme, endoparasitisch bei wobei die jeweilige Generation unterschiedliche Holzwespen (Siricidae) lebende Gruppe, und die Gallen ausbildet, oft an verschiedenen Pflanzentei- artenreiche Familie Cynipidae oder "Gallwespen len derselben Wirtspflanze, oder gar in Form eines im engeren Sinne", welche alle phytophagen gal- Wirtswechsels an anderen Wirtspflanzen (Heterö- lenbildenden Arten und deren Inquilinen umfaßt zie). Solche heterogenen Arten mit zyklischer Par- (weltweit ca. 1400 Arten). thenogenese (CP = cyclical parthenogenesis) sind Umstritten ist hingegen die Einteilung und Zuord- oftmals auch unter verschiedenen Namen bekannt, nung der übrigen zu den Cynipoidea gerechneten wie etwa die „Eichenbeeren-Gallwespe“ Neurote- Familien, die ausschließlich zoophage parasitoide rus quercusbaccarum (= bisexuelle Form: ♀♂) an Formen umfassen. Die artenreichste Familie unter Blütenkätzchen und die „Eichenlinsen-Gallwespe“ ihnen bilden die Figitidae (weltweit ca. 1400 Arten), Neuroterus lenticularis (= agame Form: ♀♀) an welche Parasitoide von gallbildenden Cynipidae, Blättern; dabei ist der jeweils ältere Namen wis- von Neuropteren, Dipteren u.a. sind (KAES T NER senschaftlich priororitätsberechtigt. Als Inquilinen 2003). Zu ihnen werden heute vielfach auch ein- unter den Cynipidae sind hingegen die Vertreter bezogen die früher oft als eigene Familien geführ- der Tribus Synergini mit den Gattungen Ceroptres, ten Anacharitidae
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