387 DAFTAR PUSTAKA A. Buku AH Nasution. Menegakkan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Urban Maori Authorities
TEENA BROWN PULU Minerals and Cucumbers in the Sea: International relations will transform the Tongan state Abstract Constitution law researcher Guy Powles, a Pakeha New Zealander residing in Australia was not optimistic accurate predictions on “the [Tonga] election which is coming up now in November” could be made (Garrett, 2014). “A man would be a fool to try to guess just where the balance will finish up,” he uttered to Jemima Garrett interviewing him for Radio Australia on April 30th 2014 (Garrett, 2014). Picturing the general election seven months away on November 27th 2014, Powles thought devolving the monarch’s executive powers to government by constitutional reform was Tonga’s priority. Whether it would end up an election issue deciding which way the public voted was a different story, and one he was not willing to take a punt on. While Tongans and non-Tongan observers focused attention on guessing who would get into parliament and have a chance at forming a government after votes had been casted in the November election, the trying political conditions the state functioned, floundered, and fell in, were overlooked. It was as if the Tongans and Palangi (white, European) commentators naively thought changing government would alter the internationally dictated circumstances a small island developing state was forced to work under. Teena Brown Pulu has a PhD in anthropology from the University of Waikato. She is a senior lecturer in Pacific development at AUT University. Her first book was published in 2011, Shoot the Messenger: The report on the Nuku’alofa reconstruction project and why the Government of Tonga dumped it. -
Political Reform in Tonga Responses to the Government's Roadmap
Political Reform in Tonga Responses to the Government’s Roadmap Sandra De Nardi, Roisin Lilley, Michael Pailthorpe and Andrew Curtin with Andrew Murray Catholic Institute of Sydney 2007 CIS 1 Political Reform in Tonga Table of Contents Introduction 3 Andrew Murray Tonga: Participation, Tradition and Constitution 4 Sandra De Nardi Political Reform in Tonga: Aristotelian Signposts 9 Roisin Lilley Moderating Tongan Reform 14 Michael Pailthorpe An Aristotelian Critique of Proposed Constitutional Reforms in Tonga 19 Andrew M Curtin Epilogue: Where to Now? 23 Andrew Murray Appendix: The Government of Tonga’s Roadmap for Political Reform 24 Catholic Institute of Sydney©2007 www.cis.catholic.edu.au Contact: [email protected] CIS 2 Political Reform in Tonga Introduction Andrew Murray SM The four essays in this collection are the best of the Events moved quickly in Tonga during 2006. final essays in the course unit, Social and Political Pressure had been building for some decades for Philosophy , in the Bachelor of Theology degree at reform of The Constitution of Tonga , established by Catholic Institute of Sydney during the second King George Tupou I in 1875 and still substantially semester of 2006. The course began with a careful unchanged. It constituted Tonga as a monarchy in reading of Aristotle’s Politics and went on to a which the King exercises full executive power and close reading of John Locke’s Second Treatise of in which nobles play a significant role. A National Government together with other source documents Committee for Political Reform (NCPR) was setup of modern political development. In parallel, the under the leadership of the Tu’ipelehake, the students began a cooperative project of studying nephew of the King. -
Study on Acquisition and Loss of Citizenship
COMPARATIVE REPORT 2020/01 COMPARATIVE FEBRUARY REGIONAL 2020 REPORT ON CITIZENSHIP LAW: OCEANIA AUTHORED BY ANNA DZIEDZIC © Anna Dziedzic, 2020 This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with Edinburgh University Law School Comparative Regional Report on Citizenship Law: Oceania RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-Comp 2020/1 February 2020 Anna Dziedzic, 2020 Printed in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, created in 1992 and currently directed by Professor Brigid Laffan, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research on the major issues facing the process of European integration, European societies and Europe’s place in 21st century global politics. The Centre is home to a large post-doctoral programme and hosts major research programmes, projects and data sets, in addition to a range of working groups and ad hoc initiatives. The research agenda is organised around a set of core themes and is continuously evolving, reflecting the changing agenda of European integration, the expanding membership of the European Union, developments in Europe’s neighbourhood and the wider world. -
The Power of Veto in Pacific Island States and the Case of Tonga
1 THE HEAD OF STATE AND THE LEGISLATURE: THE POWER OF VETO IN PACIFIC ISLAND STATES AND THE CASE OF TONGA Guy Powles* C'est avec une profonde tristesse que les membres des comités de rédaction et scientifique du Comparative Law Journal of the Pacific ont appris le décès du Dr Guy Powles, survenu le 20 juillet 2016. Ils s'associent au chagrin de sa famille. Unanimement reconnu par la communauté scientifique comme l'un des meilleurs connaisseurs de systèmes juridiques en vigueur dans le Pacifique Sud, son érudition n'avait d'égale que sa profonde humanité. Constitutionaliste et comparatiste hors pair, encourageant sans cesse les initiatives de nature à promouvoir toutes les facettes de l'étude du droit dans le Pacifique, il avait bien voulu réserver au Comparative Law Journal of the Pacific, la première parution de ce qui allait rapidement devenir un ouvrage de référence, de son important travail sur les réformes constitutionnelles du royaume des Tonga Political and Constitutional Reform Opens the Door: The Kingdom of Tonga's Path to Democracy (2012) CLJP-HS vol 12. La présence du Dr Guy Powles au sein du comité scientifique du Comparative Law Journal of the Pacific etait un honneur mais aussi la plus belle des cautions scientifiques qu'une revue de droit comparé ait pu espérer dans le Pacifique Sud. Aujourd'hui encore le Comparative Law Journal of the Pacific a le privilège de pouvoir publier dans ce volume qui est dédié à sa mémoire, les deux derniers articles qu'il avait rédigés quelque temps avant son décès. * Dr Guy Powles, latterly of Monash University, 1934-2016. -
Heirs to World Culture DEF1.Indd
14 The capital of pulp fiction and other capitals Cultural life in Medan, 1950-1958 Marije Plomp The general picture of cultural activities in Indonesia during the 1950s emanating from available studies is based on data pertain- ing to the nation’s political and cultural centre,1 Jakarta, and two or three other main cities in Java (Foulcher 1986; Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri and Muhidin M. Dahlan 2008). Other regions are often mentioned only in the framework of the highly politicized debate on the outlook of an Indonesian national culture that had its origins in the 1930s (Foulcher 1986:32-3). Before the war, the discussions on culture in relation to a nation were anti-colonial and nationalistic in nature, but after Independence the focus shifted. Now the questions were whether or not the regional cul- tures could contribute to a modern Indonesian national culture, and how they were to be valued vis-à-vis that national culture. What cultural life in one of the cities in the outer regions actually looked like, and what kind of cultural networks – national, trans- national and transborder – existed in the various regions has yet to be researched. With this essay I aim to contribute to a more differentiated view on the cultural activities in Indonesia in the 1950s by charting a part of the cultural world of Medan and two of its (trans)national and transborder cultural exchange networks in the period 1950- 1958. This time span covers the first eight years of Indonesia as an independent nation until the start of the insurrection against the central army and government leaders by North Sumatran army commander Colonel Maludin Simbolon on 22 December 1958 (Conboy 2003:37-51). -
Sastra Dan Urban
EDISI 16. T AHUN 2018 MAJALAH SASTRA SASTRA DAN URBAN MATA AIR Marhalim Zaini TAMAN May Moon Nasution Joni Syahputra Drama Bulang Cahaya TELAAH Puji Retno H. MOZAIK Joner Sianipar Apa yang perlu kita lakukan adalah menemukan CUBITAN jalan untuk merayakan keberagaman kita dan Gilang Saputro memperdebatkan perbedaan kita tanpa memecah belah masyarakat. EMBUN Hillary Clinton (1947-) EDISI 1 Rian Andri Prasetya 6 . T AHUN 2018 Sisipan Mastera ISSN 2086-3934 9 772086 393437 EDISI 16. TAHUN 2018 PENDAPA Sastra dan Urban PUSAT Sastra tidak dapat dilepaskan dari masyarakatnya. Sastra akan selalu Majalah Sastra Diterbitkan oleh mengikuti perkembangan masyakarat. Masyarakat urban pun menjadi salah satu Badan Pengembangan dan topik yang diungkapkan dalam sebuah karya sastra. Sudah sejak lama topik ini Pembinaan Bahasa menjadi bagian dari sastra. Hal ini terjadi sejalan dengan berkembangnya industri Jalan Daksinapati Barat IV Rawamangun, Jakarta 13220 di Indonesia. Yang paling dekat adalah industri penerbitan terutama percetakan. Pos-el: [email protected] Masuknya indsutri penerbitan dengan munculnya berbagai majalah dan surat Telp. (021) 4706288, 4896558 Faksimile (021) 4750407 kabar pada awal abad ke-20 merupakan salah satu penanda bahwa sastra adalah dekat dengan masalah urban. Sastra Indonesia boleh dikatakan sebagian besar ISSN adalah sastra urban. Ingat saja bagaimana Umar Kayam dalam beberapa cerpennya Penanggung Jawab: yang membicarakan kesepian orang-orang yang ada di keramaian dalam beberapa Prof. Dr. Dadang Sunendar, M. Hum. cerpennya yang terkumpul di Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhantan. Redaktur: Persoalan-persoalan urban menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan. Kini Dr. Hurip Danu Ismadi, M.Pd. persoalan urban ini masih mengemuka dan menjadi milik masyarakat walaupun Dr. -
Housing, Land and Property Law in Tonga
Housing, Land and Property Law in Tonga 1 Key laws and actors Laws The main laws governing housing, land, building and planning are the Constitution, the Land Act 1927, the National Spatial Planning and Management Act 2012 and the Building Control and Standards Act 2002. Key The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources is responsible for land administration. government The Ministry houses the National Spatial Planning Authority, which is responsible for actors administering planning law. In the event of a disaster, the National Emergency Operations Committee (NEOC) is responsible for coordinating the response. The NEOC is supported by District Emergency Management Committees (DEMC) and Village Emergency Committees (VEC). There is a DEMC for each of the five districts: Ha’apai, Vava’u, Niuatoputapu, Niuafo’ou and ‘Eua. Shelter cluster The contact details for key Shelter Cluster personnel are provided in Section 5 below. 2 Common types of tenure Almost all types of land tenure in Tonga must be created or transferred through registration. Unlike many countries in the Pacific, Tonga does not have a dual system of customary ownership and registered ownership. The table below summarises the most common types of tenure in Tonga. Tenure Commonly Key Features Title document Registered? Crown land n/a Land owned by the government. n/a Hereditary Yes A life interest held by a Noble (tofia) or Chief Tofia certificate estate (matapule) and passed down from father to son. Town Yes A life interest held by a single Tongan male and used Deed of Grant allotment for residential purposes. Passed down from father to son. -
Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017
Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017 Kingdom of Tonga National Parliamentary Election 16 November 2017 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ vii Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................. 1 Activities ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 3 POLITICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 3 Early History ............................................................................................................................ -
Sejarah Sastra Indonesia
0 | Sejarah Sastra Indonesia 1 | Sejarah Sastra Indonesia KATA PENGANTAR Sastra Indonesia saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang pesat dan dinamis. Hal itu tidak hanya mendapat perhatian dari pemerhati sastra, sastrawan maupun pengajar sastra melainkan juga masyarakat umum yang juga merupakan penikmat sastra. Membicarakan perkembangan sastra suatu bangsa tentunya harus membicarakan sejarah sastra itu. Kehadiran kesusastraan Indonesia tidak dapat lepas dari sejarah yang melahirkan dan membesarkannya. Beberapa ahli sastra memberikan argumen yang dijadikan landasan pijakan kapan kelahiran sastra Indonesia. Beberapa pendapat tersebut menyiratkan bahwa perjalanan sastra Indonesia belumlah panjang.Usia kesusastraan Indonesia tidaklah sepanjang kesusastraan Inggris, Amerika, Arab, Jepang, Cina atau kesusastraan negara lainnya. Namun demikian, dengan usia yang belum terlalu panjang tersebut bukan berarti sastra Indonesia sepi dari karya-karya yang monumental. Kehidupan sastra Indonesia sejak kelahiran sampai sekarang sangatlah marak. Banyak sastrawan yang lahir pada setiap masa dan membawa bentuk-bentuk yang berbeda dengan masa sebelumnya. Berbagai peristiwa kesusastraan datang silih berganti mewarnai perjalanan sastra Indonesia. Hasil sastra yang dilahirkan terus bertambah setiap saat. Fakta itulah yang harus diketahui oleh siapapun yang berminat terhadap kesusastraan Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya sebuah buku sejarah sastra Indonesia yang bersifat komprehensif. Buku tersebut tidak hanya mengenai sastrawan dan karyanya tetapi juga mencakup berbagai peristiwa yang berkaitan dengan sastra Indonesia dari sejak kelahiran sampai sekarang. Banyak penulis yang telah melahirkan buku sejarah sastra Indonesia, seperti Sejarah Sastra Indonesia (Bakri Siregar, 1964), Ikhtisar Sejarah Sastra Indonesia (Ajip Rosidi, 1968), Ikhtisar Kesusastraan Indonesia Modern (Pamusuk Eneste, 1988), Lintasan Sejarah Sastra Indonesia 1 (Jacob Sumardjo, 1992) dan Pengantar Sejarah Sastra Indonesia (Yudiono K.S., 2007). -
Act of Constitution of Tonga
C T ACT OF CONSTITUTION OF TONGA 1988 Revised Edition Act of Constitution of Tonga CAP. 2 Arrangement of Clauses C T ACT OF CONSTITUTION OF TONGA Arrangement of Clauses Clause PART I - DECLARATION OF RIGHTS 7 1 Declaration of freedom ....................................................................................7 2 Slavery prohibited............................................................................................8 3 Conditions under which foreign labourers may be introduced ........................8 4 Same law for all classes ...................................................................................8 5 Freedom of Worship ........................................................................................8 6 Sabbath Day to be kept holy ............................................................................8 7 Freedom of the press........................................................................................9 8 Freedom of petition..........................................................................................9 9 Habeas Corpus .................................................................................................9 10 Accused must be tried......................................................................................9 11 Procedure on indictment ..................................................................................9 12 Accused cannot be tried twice .......................................................................10 13 Charge cannot be altered................................................................................10 -
THE PROCESS and OUTCOMES of the 2010 CONSTITUTONAL REFORM in TONGA a Study of the Devolution of Executive Authority from Monarc
THE PROCESS AND OUTCOMES OF THE 2010 CONSTITUTONAL REFORM IN TONGA A Study of the Devolution of Executive Authority from Monarchy to Representative Government in a Polynesian Society Mele Ikatonga Selisa Tupou ‘aka’ Mele Tupou Vaitohi LLB; LLM. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Otago in 2019 Faculty of Law ABSTRACT Supervisory Committee: Professor Andrew Geddis Faculty of Law Professor Jacinta Ruru Faculty of Law Mr Marcelo Rodriguez Ferrere Faculty of Law Ko e foaki ʻo e Konisitutone ʻo Tongá ʻi he 1875, ne hoko ia ko e maka maile ki he hisitōlia ʻo e tukuʻau mai e laó mo e fakalakalaka ʻa Tongá ʻi he ngāue ʻaufuatō ʻa e Tuʻí ko Tupou I. Naʻe hanga ʻe he Konisitutoné ʻo vahevahe e kakai ʻo e fonuá ki he ngaahi faʻunga e tolu – ko e laine faka-Tuʻí; ko e houʻeiki nōpelé pe maʻu tofiʻa e 30; pea mo e kakaí. Naʻe lava peʻe he Konisitutoné, ʻa ia ne tongi pea mei he nofo ʻa kaingá, ke ne pukepuke ʻa Tonga he ngaahi taʻu lahi – ka ʻi heʻene aʻu mai ki he ʻahó ni, kuo liliu. ʻI Nōvema ʻo e 2010, ne hoko ai ha fakalelei faka-konisitutone mo faka- politikale peá ne hoko ai ke fakaʻatā ‘e he Tuʻí ha ʻepoki foʻou mo ha hala fononga foʻou ke fou atu ai ʻa Tonga. Naʻe mokoi ʻa e Tama Tuʻí ke momoi ʻa e konga lahi ʻo hono mafai pulé ki he kau Minisitá ʻo e Kapinetí, ʻa ia ne fili ʻe he Palēmiá pea mei Fale Alea, ka ʻoku maʻu ai e tokolahi ʻe he kau fakafofonga ʻo e kakaí. -
A Study of the Cultural Pages of Harian Rakjat in the Early 1950S
The Communist Imagination: A Study of the Cultural Pages of Harian Rakjat in the Early 1950s Stephen Miller A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra, Australia August 2015 2 Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the enthusiasm, good humour, intelligence and patience of my primary supervisor, Paul Tickell. I cannot thank him enough for his continuing support and faith. He was well supported by my co-supervisors, Emeritus Professor Barbara Hatley and Dr. Edwin Jurriens. I want to especially thank Barbara for her patience in reading drafts in the final throes of thesis production. Dorothy Meyer saw the project through from the beginning of candidature until submission, providing companionship, coding advice, proof reading, and general editing support. Her enthusiasm and passion for my work were central to the thesis reaching the point of submission. The keen grammar sense of my mother, June Miller, helped improve the readability of many sections of the writing. Dr. Kaz Ross also deserves to be mentioned for a late reading of a complete draft and pushing me to submit. It is great to have good colleagues in your corner. I would also like to thank the administrative staff at UNSW at ADFA, especially Bernadette McDermott, who has always been flexible and helpful when dealing with a candidature that lasted far too long. During the prolonged revision process Rifka Sibarani’s support, enthusiasm, and affection was much appreciated, as it continues to be post-thesis. So many other people have also helped me out at various times—students, colleagues, friends, family, comrades.