The Many Faces of Poverty

Volume 8 The Many Faces of Poverty: Volume 8 Copyright © PEP-CBMS Network Office, 2017

Prepared by Celia M. Reyes Anne Bernadette E. Mandap Jasminda A. Quilitis Steffie Joi I. Calubayan Jezha Lee Z. Nabiong Rachelle Gladys M. Audar Vincent Brylle W. Biñas Eva Salve T. Bacud Joshua D. Moreto

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise— without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Published by De La Salle University Publishing House for the CBMS International Network Coordinating Team

First printing, 2017

Published and distributed by De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines 0922 Tel. No: (632) 524-4611 loc. 271 Telefax: (632) 523-4281 Emails: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/offices/publishing-house/default.asp

The De La Salle University Publishing House is the publications office of De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

Printed in the Philippines

Acknowledgements The publication of this volume has been made possible through the PEP-CBMS Network Office based at the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies of De La Salle University-Manila with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada and the Department for International Development (DFID) of United Kingdom. CONTENTSCONTENTS

i Foreword

1 Introduction

3 Explanatory Text

The Many Faces of Poverty

9 Province of Albay

87 Province of Marinduque

135 City of Balanga

167 City of Candon

199 City of Marikina

231 City of Parañaque

263 City of Valenzuela FOREWORDFOREWORD

The official poverty monitoring system (PMS) in the Philippines relies mainly on family income and expenditure surveys. Information on other aspects of well-being is generally obtained from demographic and health surveys, national population and housing censuses, labor force survey, and others. However, these surveys and censuses are (i) too costly to be replicated frequently; (ii) conducted at different time periods, making it impossible to get a comprehensive profile of the different socio-demographic groups of interest at a specific point in time; and (iii) have sampling designs that do not usually correspond to the geographical disaggregation needed by local government units (LGUs). In addition, the implementation of the decentralization policy, which devolves to LGUs the function of delivering basic services, creates greater demand for data at the local level. The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) seeks to address these gaps by providing data at the local level appropriate for diagnosing the cause and extent of local poverty, formulating appropriate policies and programs, identifying eligible beneficiaries for targeted programs, and assessing the impact of policies and programs. It also supports the decentralization process by capacitating the LGUs to collect, analyze, and use the data in local planning, budgeting, and program implementation to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This eighth volume of statistical tables and poverty maps of provinces and cities generated through the CBMS methodology represents part of a series of publications resulting from the collaboration between the CBMS Network Coordinating Team and its partner-LGUs. These partnerships have been in place for several years now, and these partner-LGUs are finally enjoying the fruits of their hard labor. The CBMS poverty maps will identify who and where the poor are as they provide a comprehensive picture of the different faces of poverty in different parts of the country. They will also aid in identifying the most pressing needs of the community, assist in prioritizing interventions to address these needs, and facilitate the targeting of programs for those who need the assistance most. This volume features the provinces of Albay and Marinduque and the cities of Balanga, Candon, Marikina, Paranaque and Valenzuela. Since 2013, we have used mobile technology to fast-track the generation of CBMS results in order to serve as timely inputs in local development planning and budgeting. The CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling (APP) is an organized , systematic, and efficient use of the latest information and communication technology tools, and the standard CBMS instruments for data collection, processing, and poverty mapping and data management instruments. The work leading to the publication of this book owes much to the unwavering support and commitment of our partners both at the local and national levels. We have worked hand-in-hand with them in consolidating databases and validating our survey findings. And now, with their consent, we are sharing their data to a wide range of CBMS stakeholders all over the country – indeed a glowing testament of their dedication to make their development planning processes more efficient and effective! We are grateful to all our partner LGUs, national government agencies, non-government organizations, donors and other development partners for making this possible. It is hoped that this publication will provide the necessary data to facilitate evidence-based decision- making toward improving local governance and reducing poverty and inequality in the country.

CELIA M. REYES CBMS Network Team Leader

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) i INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Considered a foremost legislation that ushered in a new era of local governance, the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 has paved the way not only for greater autonomy but also for increased expenditure responsibility and revenue authority of local government units. Since then, the local government units (LGUs) have assumed a greater role in local government management and service delivery. The devolution is substantial not only in the magnitude of responsibilities that were shifted to LGUs but also in the amount of resources at their disposal to effectively discharge the devolved functions. Today, LGUs have access to multiple revenue sources, chief of which is their share in the national internal revenues—the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA). For the period 2013-2016, the average IRA per year is P365.6 billion (see Table 1).

Table 1. Internal Revenue Allotment of Local Government Units, 2013–2016 Amount Year (in P billion) 2016 428.6 2015 389.9 2014 341.6 2013 302.3 TOTAL 1,462.4 Ave. per year 365.6 Source: DBM

While experts agree that local governments are not awash with cash, the P1462.4 billion worth of IRA that the LGUs have received over the 4-year period is certainly a big amount. This underscores the importance of making sure that LGUs are equipped with the right tools, systems, and procedures to ensure the effective use of these public financial resources. One way to do this is by providing them access to comprehensive socioeconomic data, on the basis of which they can craft their development plans and budgets.

Statistical Issues and Concerns at the Subnational Level

With decentralization, the types of data demanded by a wide range of users—policymakers, program implementers, civil society, and others—are changing. Data disaggregated to correspond to the different levels of government are needed by LGUs to adequately assess their local situation. Moreover, longitudinal data are needed to track welfare changes over time. Household-level data are also needed to identify eligible beneficiaries of different programs. In 2005, 14 years after the LGC enactment, the Asian Development Bank-World Bank released a report highlighting statistical issues and concerns at the subnational level. It said: "The most comprehensive and consistent comparative subnational data is at the regional level although this is simply an administrative level of government that has no responsibilities for delivery of social services. More data is gradually becoming available at the provincial level, but not at lower levels, which are at the frontline of efforts to reduce poverty.”1

1 Decentralization in the Philippines: Strengthening Local Government Financing and Resource Management in the Short- Term, 2005 (A joint document of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank).

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 1 Local Poverty Monitoring System Rise up to the Challenge

Owing to still unresolved statistical issues and concerns at the subnational level, an increasing number of LGUs all over the country have taken the initiative to adopt and establish the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS). National government agencies have likewise recognized the value of CBMS as a cost-effective tool for various thematic concerns such as the Millenium Development Goals/Sustainable Development Goals, gender and development, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM), and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), Bottom- Up Budgeting (BUB), and migration and development, among others.

The CBMS was developed in 1993 to fill in the necessary information for more evidence-based planning and program implementation and for monitoring the micro-level impacts of macro policies and shocks particularly on the most vulnerable groups of the population. CBMS is an organized process of collecting, processing, validating and use of data for various development concerns. It was designed as a system that can be used and sustained by LGUs over time and facilitates information sharing at each geopolitical level for purposes of better policymaking and program implementation.

Since the early 2000, the implementation and use of CBMS has been supported by policy issuances at the local and national levels. Also, the inclusion of CBMS in the list of projects that can be funded through the BUB funds is a recognition that CBMS is important in facilitating evidence-based decision-making. Some of the policy issuances are as follows: o DILG Memorandum Circular 2001-105 Issued in August 2001, the circular enjoins all local chief executives to undertake local programs on poverty reduction and economic transformation and emphasized the need to designate Local Poverty Reduction Action Officers (LPRAOs) and to formulate a Local Poverty Reduction Action Plan (LPRAP).

o NAPC En Banc Resolution No. 7 Issued in March 2003, the resolution directs LGUs to adopt the 13 core local poverty indicators as the minimum set of community-based information for poverty diagnosis and planning at the local levels and integrate such information in their local poverty monitoring system and local level action plans and program.

o DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-92 Issued in April 2003, it provides policy guidelines for the adoption of the 13 core local poverty indicators for planning. The guidelines shall aid the LGUs in assessing and understanding poverty and its dimensions at the barangays, municipalities, cities and provinces with the end view of formulating an LPRAP and implementing the plans and programs to reduce poverty.

o DILG Memorandum Circular 2004-152 Issued in November 2004, the circular encourages LGUs to intensify efforts in implementing programs, projects and activities towards the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs).

o NSCB Resolution No. 6, Series of 2005 Issued in January 24, 2005, the resolution recognizes the CBMS as a viable and cost efficient system that can be used to generate the Core Local Poverty Indicators (CLPIs) and ensure uniformity and standardization of CLPI databases of all LGUs. It further enjoined the NAPC, DILG, other government agencies and LGUs to coordinate with the CBMS International Network Coordinating Team towards the fastracking and full implementation of the CBMS.

o League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP) Memorandum Circular 027-2006 Issued in June 2006, enjoining all CBMS-implementing municipalities to adopt/sustain the adoption of the CBMS as a tool for local poverty diagnosis and ensure the incorporation of the MDG targets and utilization of CBMS data in the formulation of local development plans.

o SDC Resolution No. 3, Series of 2006 Issued on July 19, 2006, the resolution adopts the CBMS as the prescribed monitoring tool for the generation of the Core Local Poverty Indicator Database. It further enjoined the NAPC, DILG, other government agencies and LGUs to coordinate with the CBMS Network Coordinating Team towards the fast-tracking and full implementation of the CBMS.

o PhilHealth Board Resolution No. 982, S.2007 In March 2007, the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) adopted the CBMS as the principal source of data in identifying indigent families to be enrolled under the sponsorship program of the National Health Insurance

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 2 Program (NHIP). The Program is implemented in partnership with the local government units (LGUs) and PhilHealth. The LGU and the National Government through PhilHealth share the annual premium payment of P1,200 per indigent household to get enrolled.

o League of Provinces of the Philippines (LPP) Resolution No. 2011-01 Issued in January 28, 2011, urging the Department of Social and Welfare Development (DSWD) and the Department of Health (DOH) to adopt the CBMS and other locally-developed poverty monitoring systems as its targeting system in identifying beneficiaries to the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and the Philhealth Indigent Sponsored Program

o DBM-DILG-DSWD-NAPC Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, Series of 2012 Issued on March 8, 2012, the joint memorandum circular identifies the collection of relevant economic and social data such as those that can be obtained from CBMS, as one of the main components in empowering poor LGUs and in the bottom-up planning and budgeting approach.

o DILG Memorandum Circular 2012-73 Issued on April 17, 2012, the circular provides that the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund can be utilized for disaster prevention and mitigation projects including the implementation of a CBMS with CCA/DRRM indicators.

o DILG Memorandum Circular 2012-142 Issued in August 10, 2012, the circular enjoins all local chief executives to utilize the community-based monitoring system (CBMS) in planning and project development. It also recommends for the adoption of CBMS to coincide with the synchronized local planning and budgeting calendar and with the bottom up planning and budgeting preparation calendar.

o DILG Memorandum Circular 2016-69 Issued in May 23, 2016, the circular provides policy guidelines for the implementation of CBMS and capacity development projects on GAD and DRR-CCA under the FY 2016 Bottom-Up Budgeting (BUB). The guidelines shall aid the LGUs for the efficient and effective execution of subproject components, monitoring, and reporting of projects under the BUB program.

As of February 2, 2017, CBMS is being implemented in 77 provinces (32 of which are implementing the system province-wide), 903 municipalities, and 79 cities, covering a total of 24,676 barangays. Data generated by CBMS have so far been used in diagnosing the nature and extent of poverty in their localities, identifying appropriate interventions, identifying eligible beneficiaries of poverty reduction programs, and monitoring the impact of some of these programs.

Parallel with efforts to establish databanks at each geopolitical level, a national repository of CBMS data has also been established at the CBMS Network Office, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC). The national repository aims to facilitate data sharing across government agencies, the private sector, donor agencies, and other relevant stakeholders. Specifically, the national repository will (i) facilitate the access and use of the integrated CBMS database by national entities in their advocacy work with key decision makers, (ii) support government and non-government funding sources in strengthening evidence-based planning and monitoring and in aligning their interventions to national priorities, and (iii) facilitate the implementation of targeted programs.

Concluding Remarks

Public statistics will increasingly shape public agenda at the local level as more and more LGUs establish their own monitoring systems to make their development planning processes more efficient and effective. In this scenario, local poverty monitoring systems such as the CBMS will have an extremely important role to play.

The country's experience with local-level poverty monitoring systems clearly demonstrates that there can be a comprehensive picture of the poverty situation. Very few, if any, national surveys collect information on the different dimensions of poverty. There is a survey on income and expenditure, another on health, another on education, another on employment, another on nutrition, and others. As the samples and the reference periods are different, there is no comprehensive picture of the poverty status of the population at any point in time. This is where CBMS can make a difference as it addresses these gaps through its set of core indicators relating to the different dimensions of poverty. The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 3 EXPLANATORYEXPLANATORY TEXTTEXT

A. CBMS Core Indicators

The statistical tables and poverty maps presented in this volume pertain to the CBMS Core Indicators (also known as Core Local Poverty Indicators1), which were generated using the CBMS methodology.

Box 1. Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)

The CBMS is an organized way of collecting ongoing or recurring information at the local level to be used by local governments, national government agencies, non-government organization (NGOs), and civil society for planning, budgeting, and implementing local development programs, as well as for monitoring and evaluating their performance. It is a tool for improved local governance and democratic decision-making that promotes greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation.

It involves the following steps:

CBMS APP Track Step 1 Advocacy/organization Step 2 Data collection, GPS reading, and data transmission Step 3 Data consolidation, database-building, and poverty mapping Step 4 Data validation and community consultation Step 5 Knowledge (database) management Step 6 Plan formulation Step 7 Dissemination, implementation, and monitoring

The CBMS Core Indicators are a set of carefully selected indicators that capture the multiple dimensions of poverty. They define the basic criteria for attaining a decent quality of life and correspond to the minimum basic needs covering (a) health, (b) nutrition, (c) housing, (d) water and sanitation, (e) basic education, (f) income, (g) employment, and (h) peace and order. Together, these indicators provide information not only on how poor a community is, but also on who in the community is poor, and where.

The CBMS Core Indicators are presented in Table 1. Meanwhile, the poverty and food thresholds used are presented in Table 2.

1 The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) has issued Memorandum Circular 2003-92 (April 2003) to set policy guidelines for the adoption of the 13 core local poverty indicators, for planning and Memoradum Circular 2004-152 (November 2004) to encourage LGUs to intensify efforts toward the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs). The latter circular also enjoins LGUs to use monitoring systems such as MBN-CBIS, CBMS, IRAP, etc., to monitor and diagnose the nature and extent of poverty in their respective localities. CBMS was adopted by the DILG as the data collection and processing system for the CLPIMS which was the tool adopted to monitor the MDGs for LGUs.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 4 Table 1. CBMS Core Indicators, Formula, and CBMS Composite Index Using Simple Scoring

BASIC NEEDS CORE INDICATORS Computation/Formula Simple Scoring

A. Hea lth 1 Proportion of children Total number of children aged 0 to less than One (1) if the household has a under 5 years old who 5 years old who died divided by the sum of member under 5 years old who died; died (i) total number of children aged 0 to less zero (0) otherwise. than 5 years old, and (ii) the total number of child deaths 0 to less than 5 years old

2 Proportion of women who Total number of women who died due to One (1) if the household has a died due to pregnancy pregnancy related causes divided by the female member who died due to related causes sum of (i) the total number of children less pregnancy-related causes; zero (0) than one year old, and (ii) total number of otherwise. women who died due to pregnancy related causes B. Nutrition 3 Proportion of children 0-5 Total number of children aged 0-5 years old One (1) if the household has a years old who are who are moderately or severely underweight member 0-5 years old who is malnourished over total number of children aged 0-5 years malnourished; zero (0) otherwise. old C. Housing 4 Proportion of households Total number of households living in housing One (1) if the household lives in living in makeshift housing with makeshift roof and/or walls over total makeshift housing; zero (0) number of households otherwise. 5 Proportion of households Total number of households occupying One (1) if the household is an who are informal settlers house and/or lots without permission of informal settler; zero (0) otherwise. owner over total number of households D. Water and 6 Proportion of households Total number of households without access One (1) if the household does not Sa nitation without access to safe to safe water supply over total number of have access to safe water supply; water supply households zero (0) otherwise. 7 Proportion of households Total number of households without access One (1) if the household does not without access to sanitary to water-sealed toilet or closed pit over total have access to sanitary toilet toilet facilities number of households facilities; zero (0) otherwise. E. Education 8 Proportion of children 6-11 Total number of children 6-11 years old who years old who are not are not attending elementary school over attending elementary total number of children 6-11 years old school 9 Proportion of children 12- Total number of children 12-15 years old 15 years old who are not who are not attending secondary school over attending secondary total number of children 12-15 years old school 8-9 Proportion of children 6-15 Total number of children 6-15 years old who One (1) if the household has a years old who are not are not attending school over total number of member 6-15 years old not attending school children 6-15 years old attending school; zero (0) otherwise.

F. Income 10 Proportion of households Total number of households with income One (1) if the household has a per with income below the below the poverty threshold over total capita income below poverty poverty threshold number of households threshold; zero (0) otherwise. 11 Proportion of households Total number of households with income One (1) if the household has a per with income below the below the food (subsistence) threshold over capita income below food threshold; food threshold total number of households zero (0) otherwise. 12 Proportion of households Total number of households who One (1) if the household has who experienced hunger experienced food shortage over total number experienced food shortage; zero (0) due to food shortage of households otherwise. G. Employment 13 Proportion of persons in Total number of persons aged 15 and above One (1) if the household has the labor force who are who are not working over total number of unemployed member/s; zero (0) unemployed labor force* otherwise. H. Peace and 14 Proportion of persons who Total number of persons who are victims of One (1) if the household has Orde r are victims of crimes crimes over total population victim/s of crime; zero (0) otherwise.

CBMS Average number of Sum of deprivations of households over total Sum of the scores (number of Composite deprivations number of households deprivations) of the 13 indicators. Indicator

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 5 Table 2. Poverty and Food Thresholds

Poverty Threshold Food Threshold LGU Reference Year Urban Rural Urban Rural 2013 20,315 19,069 14,189 13,319 ALBAY 2014 22,037 20,685 15,392 14,447 2015 23,100 21,752 16,131 15,189 2016 23,060 21,714 16,107 15,166 2013 18,641 17,724 13,020 12,379 2014 20,327 19,326 14,197 13,499 MARINDUQUE 2015 20,770 19,722 14,504 13,772 2016 21,296 20,221 14,874 14,123 2013 20,486 19,381 14,308 13,537 BALANGA 2014 21,836 20,659 15,251 14,429 2015 24,982 23,630 17,445 16,501 2016 25,787 24,392 18,011 17,036 2014 23,541 22,749 16,442 15,889 CANDON 2015 23,375 22,535 16,323 15,736 2016 23,962 23,101 16,736 16,135 2015 22,136 22,136 15,461 15,461 MARIKINA 2016 25,007 25,007 17,462 17,462 2015 25,007 25,007 17,462 17,462 PARAÑAQUE 2016 25,945 25,945 18,121 18,121 2015 22,136 22,136 15,461 15,461 VALENZUELA 2016 25,007 25,007 17,462 17,462

B. CBMS Methodology

The CBMS is an organized processing of collecting, processing, validating and use of information and is being implemented using structured instruments and training modules. One of the primary objectives of the CBMS is to generate data to diagnose the extent and causes of poverty, formulate appropriate plans and programs,identify eligible beneficiaries and assess the impacts of policies and programs.

Data used in this report is a by-product of the CBMS implementation by the LGUs featured in this volume. In particular, primary data was generated using the CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling (APP)2 tools including the CBMS Scan and PORTAL (using android gadgets and ICT for data collection), the CBMS StatSim (data processing) and Quantum GIS (QGIS)3 for poverty mapping.

Primary data collection was done through the conduct of a household census administered by trained local enumerators and field coordinators using the standard CBMS APP modules and instruments (household profile questionnaires and barangay profile questionnaires). Data from the census operations are transmitted and stored in a CBMS PORTAL and are likewise established at the databanks at the LGU-level.

C. Authority of the CBMS Census In 2005, the Philippine Statisical Authority (formerly National Statistical Coordination Board) has issued Resolution No. 6, which recognizes and enjoins support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level. It also directs the PSA Technical Staff to initiate and coordinate an

2 See CBMS APP details from the CBMS Network website at https://www.pep-net.org/cbms-network-launches-cbms-app

3 Since 2013, the CBMS Mapping System under the CBMS PAPER and CBMS APP Tracks uses Quantum GIS (QGIS) The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 6 advocacy program for the adoption of the CBMS by the LGUs, through the Regional Statistical Coordination Committees (RSCCs), the technical arm of the Executive Board in the regions. The PSA has also approved the 2015 CBMS Questionnaire (PSA Approval No.DILG1540-01 and DILG-1540-02).

D. CBMS Census Operations

All census operations were undertaken under the supervision of the CBMS Technical Working Groups (TWGs) at the City Levels. They identified the local personnel who were trained as enumerators and field coordinators. Technical assistance was provided by the PEP-CBMS Network Office and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

Training is mainly conducted at two levels. The first level training (Training of Trainors) is conducted for members of the TWGs. This is conducted by a pool of CBMS Accredited Trainers from the DILG . Meanwhile, a second level training (Training of Enumerators) is conducted for enumerators--usually composed of barangay health workers and students. Members of the TWG act as trainors in this training.

E. Data Processing System

The CBMS Statistics Simulator (CBMS STATSIM) was developed by the CBMS International Network Coordinating Team to process the data from the CBMS census. It is designed to automatically compute and generate tables containing the 13+1 core indicators of poverty, the MDG indicators, and DRRM- related indicators, among others.

Poverty maps are generated using the Quantum GIS (QGIS). QGIS is capable of creating and storing spatial (shapefiles) and non-spatial (texts and numbers) data as well as generating maps, reports and graphs ideal for presentation and analysis of poverty attributes in the community. This has significantly addressed the need for a simple yet powerful and free geographically-oriented database.

These systems can be accessed and are being provided by the CBMS Network for free to CBMS APP implementing LGUs in the country.

E. CBMS Poverty Maps

The poverty map for each indicator is prepared at the province and/or city level. A simple color scheme is used for the poverty maps. Green, light green, pink and red represents the four ranges of data for each indicator. Shades of green indicate performance better than the province and/or city average while shades of red indicate performance worse than the province and/or city average. Each indicator, however, used a different range relative to the province and/or city data. Meanwhile, gray is used to indicate that the CBMS data for the particular LGU is not included and/or available.

F. Dimensions of Poverty

There are ten (10) dimensions of poverty being considered in CBMS namely, health, nutrition, housing, tenure, water, sanitation, education, income, job, and security. From the 13 core indicators, one indicator is selected to determine whether a household is poor in a particular dimension. The dimensions of poverty are presented in Table 3.

G. Limitations of the Data

Estimates on poverty and subsistence incidence may be affected by under-and/or over-reporting of income or reluctance on the part of the respondents to reveal their true levels of income. As in other censuses and surveys, the CBMS enumerators may also have encountered interview non-response and item non-response.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 7 Table 3. Dimensions of Poverty

Dimension Indicator Poverty Status If household has at least one child under 5 Proportion of children under 5 years Health years old who died, then the household is old who died considered health poor If household has at least one child 0-5 years Proportion of children 0-5 years old Nutrition old who are malnourished, then the who are malnourished household is considered nutrition poor

Proportion of households living in If household is living in makeshift Housing makeshift housing housing, then the household is considered housing poor Proportion of households who are If household is an informal settler, then the Tenure informal settlers household is considered tenure poor

If household has no access to safe water Proportion of households without Water supply, then the household is considered access to safe water supply water poor Proportion of households without If household has no access to sanitary toilet Sanitation access to sanitary toilet facilities facilities, then the household is considered sanitation poor If household has at least one child 6-15 years Proportion of children 6-15 years old Education old who is not attending school, then the who are not attending school household is considered education poor If the per capita income of the household is Proportion of households with Income below the the food threshold, then the income below the food threshold household is considered income poor If household has at least one unemployed Proportion of persons in the labor Job member, then the household is force who are unemployed considered job poor If household has at least one member who Proportion of persons who are Security has been a victim of crime, then the victims of crime household is considered security poor

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 8 Republic of the Philippines CITY OF MARIKINA

Message

Poverty alleviation is a common challenge confronted by local government units, particularly in the urban centers. It is an age-old problem that requires critical and comprehensive planning and decision-making.

The adoption of the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) as a census tool has enabled our city to develop and pursue information-based poverty interventions. It has given us a compass in identifying precisely who and where our clientele are, and what their particular needs and even the complexities of their circumstances are.

I am pleased to note the publication of poverty maps and statistical tables by the CBMS generated by participating LGUs. I hope that this document will spur interest of other towns and cities to adopt CBMS in their efforts to effectively address poverty. It needs no amplification to say that the best measure of success in community management is the improvement in the socio-economic status of the marginalized members of society. While poverty is an inevitable development concern for those in governance, I believe that given the correct approach and interventions, it can be licked.

The city is one with you in your meaningful endeavors.

Mabuhay po kayo!

MARCELINO TEODORO City Mayor

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 199 The Many Faces of Poverty in the City of Marikina

POPULATION

The City of Marikina has a total population of 263,073 covering 54,141 households The CBMS census in 2015 covered all 16 barangays in the city. It has a total population of 263,073 where 49.2 percent are male and 50.8 percent are female in 54,141 households. Barangay Malanday has the largest population with 35,557 members (or 13.5 %) in 7,335 households, followed by Barangay Tumana with 33,086 members (or 12.6 %) in 6,758 households.

HEALTH AND NUTRITION One in every 1000 children under the age of five died Around 0.1 percent of children under the age of 5 died during the reference period. This corresponds to a total of 15 child deaths among children, zero to four years old, in the city of Marikina. Further, the estimate of child deaths among girls and boys is equal at 0.1 percent. Barangay Santo Niño reported the highest proportion of child deaths among children zero to four years old at 0.4 percent, followed by Barangay Concepcion Dos at 0.2 percent. Meanwhile, Barangay Tumana, with 6 cases, placed second in terms of the number of child deaths.

No pregnant woman died due to pregnancy-related causes The results of the CBMS census in Marikina revealed that no pregnant women aged 15-49 died due to pregnancy- related causes during the reference period.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 200 Three in every 1000 children aged zero to five years were malnourished About 0.3 percent or 104 children zero to five years old were classified as moderately or severely underweight in the city. This corresponds to 3 malnourished children for every 1000 children, five years old and below. Malnutrition prevalence among boys at 0.4 percent was higher than girls at 0.3 percent. Barangay Tañong recorded the highest prevalence of malnutrition at 1.1 percent, followed by Santo Niño and Jesus De La Peña, both at 1 percent. On the other hand, Barangay Nangka and Santo Niño recorded the highest number of malnourished children at 16 cases each. This is followed by Tumana at 15 cases and Fortune at 11 cases.

HOUSING About 2.3 percent of households were living in makeshift housing while 11.1 percent were informal settlers The 2015 CBMS data showed that about 2 in every 100 households in the city were living in makeshift housing. The highest proportion of households living in makeshift housing was observed in Barangay Tumana at 6 percent which is equivalent to 404 households. This is followed by Kalumpang at 5.7 percent or 100 households and Santo Niño at 3.5 percent or 121 households.

In terms of tenure status, 11 in every 100 households in the city were considered as informal settlers. This corresponds to 6,014 informal settler households. Barangay Tumana reported the highest proportion and number of informal settlers at 69.2 percent or 4,674 households. In terms of proportion, Barangay Barangka placed second at 6.3 percent followed by Kalumpang at 4.6 percent.

WATER AND SANITATION Around 0.1 percent of the households have no access to safe water supply and only 6 households have no access to sanitary toilet facilities Based on the results of the CBMS census, about 0.1 percent or 1 in every 1000 households in the city had no access to safe water supply. Barangay Santo Niño had the worst condition in terms of water accessibility as 1.5 percent of its households were reported to have no access to safe water supply during the census period. This translates to 51 households without access to safe water supply. Barangay San Roque ranked second in terms of the proportion of

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 201 households without access to safe water supply at 0.2 percent. Disaggregated data further revealed that no barangay in the city was "waterless" . In fact, all households in 10 of the 16 barangays reported to have access to safe water supply.

Meanwhile, only 6 households in Marikina reported to have no access to sanitary toilet facilities. Barangay Concepcion Uno reported the highest number of sanitation-poor households with 3 cases. Meanwhile, Tumana, Malanday, and Nangka reported one case each of household who have no access to sanitary toilet facilities. Moreover, all households in 12 barangays in Marikina reported to have access to sanitary toilet facilities.

1 “Waterless” barangays refer to barangays with less than 50 percent safe water supply coverage, as defined by the SALINTUBIG Program of the Department of Health (DOH).

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 202 BASIC EDUCATION About 2 in every 100 children 6 to15 years old were not attending school Results of the census show that 6.4 percent of children 6- 11 years old are not attending elementary school while 23.4 percent of children 12-15 years old were not attending high school during the census period. However, the proportion of out-of-school children among those 6-15 years old is lower at 2.2 percent. This means that 2 in every 100 children 6- 15 years old were not attending school regardless of education level. Further, results revealed that the proportion of out-of-school children among boys (2.7%) is higher compared to girls (1.6%). Barangay Tumana, at 3.2 percent or 226 cases, had the highest proportion and number of children aged 6-15 years who were not attending school. It is followed by Santo Niño at 2.5 percent or 78 children. In terms of magnitude, Barangay Malanday ranked second with a total of 163 children 6-15 years old who were not in school during the reference period.

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD Around 14 in every 100 households were living below the poverty threshold Around 14 percent of the households in the City of Marikina were considered income poor which translates to around 14 in every 100 households with no sufficient income to satisfy their basic food and non-food needs. Barangay Santo Niño recorded the highest proportion of income poverty at 27.5 percent or 956 households. This is followed by Jesus De La Peña at 26.9 percent or 293 households and Santa Elena at 18.7 percent or 167 households. In terms of magnitude, Malanday with a total of 1,356 households placed first.

About 8 in every 100 households have no sufficient income to satisfy their food needs The CBMS data also showed that 7.8 percent of the households in the city were living below the food threshold during the reference period. This means that 8 in every 100 households have no sufficient income to satisfy their basic food needs during the reference period. Subsistence incidence was most prevalent in Barangay Santo Niño where 21.2 percent of the households were food poor. This is followed by Barangay Jesus De La Peña at 19.4 percent and Santa Elena at 13.5 percent. On the other hand, Malanday reported the highest number of food poor families where 767 households have no sufficient income to satisfy their food needs.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 203 About 0.1 percent of households have experienced hunger due to food shortage Around 1 in every 1000 households suffered from hunger during the three-month period before the census. Barangay Santo Niño reported the highest prevalence of hunger at 0.7 percent or 24 household cases followed by Concepcion Uno at 0.4 percent or 17 cases. Meanwhile, 12 out of the 16 barangays in the city have no recorded cases of hunger due to food shortage.

Unemployment rate in the city was recorded at 8.9 percent Of the 93,131 members of the labor force aged 15 and above, about 8.9 percent or 8,270 individuals were unemployed during the census period. Results further showed that the unemployment rate among females at 8.2 percent is lower than males at 9.3 percent. Barangay Industrial Valley recorded the highest proportion of unemployed members at 13 percent or 339 individuals. In terms of magnitude, Malanday ranked first with 1,225 unemployed members or 9.9 percent followed by Concepcion Uno with 767 unemployed members.

PEACE AND ORDER Sixty-eight individuals reported to be victims of crime A total of 68 individuals reported to be victims of crime in the City of Marikina. Barangay Santo Niño reported the highest number of crime victims with 40 cases followed by Concepcion Uno with 11 cases. It is also worth noting that 5 of the 16 barangays in the city have no reported victims of crime.

CBMS COMPOSITE INDEX Households in the City of Marikina suffered from about one deprivation2 on the average The city recorded a CBMS composite index (CCI) of 0.5. This means that, on the average, households in the City of Marikina were not able to meet the 13 basic needs and suffered from about one deprivation. For instance, households in Tumana (CCI of 1.1) were not able to meet 1 of the 13 basic needs, on the average.

2 The deprivations are based on the 13+1 indicators: (1) children 0-4 years old who died; 2) women who died due to pregnancy- related causes; (3) malnourished children 0-5 years old; (4) households living in makeshift housing; 5) households who are informal settlers; (6) households without access to safe water supply; (7) households without access to sanitary toilet facilities; (8) children 6-15 years old not in school; (9) households with income below the poverty threshold; (10) households with income below the food threshold; (11) households that experienced food shortage; (12) unemployment; and (13) victims of crime. A high er index would mean more deprivation and hence, worse condition for the households.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 204 DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY3 In the City of Marikina, around 30.9 percent of households were Number of Proportion of poor in at least one dimension. In particular, it was observed that Dimensions Households about 26.2 percent of the households were poor in one dimension 26.2 while 4.2 percent were poor in 2 dimensions. Meanwhile, less 1 4.2 than one percent of the households were poor in 3 dimensions. 2 3 0.4 4 0.0 5 0.0 Total 30.9

DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY IN THE CITY OF MARIKINA

Health Poor 25.0

Security Poor Nutrition Poor 20.0

15.0

10.0 Job Poor Housing Poor 5.0 8.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.3 0.0

7.8 0.1 11.1 2.2 0.0 Income Poor Tenure Poor

Education Poor Water Poor

Sanitation Poor

3 From the 13 CBMS core indicators, one indicator is selected to determine whether a household is poor in a particular dimension: 1) children aged 0-4 years old who died for health, 2) malnourished children 0-5 years old for nutrition, 3) households living in makeshift houses for housing, 4) households who are informal settlers for tenure, 5) households without access to safe water supply for water, 6) households without access to sanitary toilet facilities for sanitation, 7) children aged 6-15 years not In school for education, 8) households with income below the food threshold for income, 9) unemployment for job, and 10) victims of crime for security.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 205 The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 206 The Many Faces of Poverty in the City of Marikina

CBMS Core Indicators, City of Marikina, 2015

Households Population INDICATOR Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

DEMOGRAPHY Population 54,141 263,073 Average household size 5 Children under 1 year old 4,998 Children under 5 years old 24,752 Children 0-5 years old 29,918 Children 6-11 years old 29,228 Members 12-15 years old 20,261 Members 6-15 years old 49,489 Members 10 years old and above 213,500 Members of the labor force 93,131

HEALTH AND NUTRITION Children under 5 years old who died 15 0.1 Women who died due to pregnancy related-causes 0 0 Malnourished children 0-5 years old 104 0.3

HOUSING Households living in makeshift housing 1,236 2.3 Households who are informal settlers 6,014 11.1

WATER AND SANITATION Households without access to safe water supply 60 0.1 Households without access to sanitary toilet facilities 6 0.0

BASIC EDUCATION Children 6-11 years old not attending elementary school 2,163 7.4 Children 12-15 years old not attending high school 4,739 23.4 Children 6-15 years old not attending school 1,077 2.2

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD Households with income below poverty threshold 7,580 14.0 Households with income below food threshold 4,248 7.8 Households who experienced hunger due to food shortage 50 0.1 Unemployment rate (15 years old and above) 8,270 8.9

PEACE AND ORDER Victims of crime 68 0.0

CBMS Composite Indicator, City of Marikina, 2015 Average CBMS Composite Indicator 0.5

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 207 Total Number of Households and Population, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Total households Total population Total male Total female population population

Barangka 2,209 10,032 4,931 5,101 Kalumpang 1,755 8,308 4,011 4,297 Concepcion Uno 4,830 22,616 11,005 11,611 Jesus De La Peña 1,089 5,144 2,547 2,597 Malanday 7,335 35,557 17,611 17,946 Nangka 5,430 27,214 13,664 13,550 Parang 4,415 20,871 10,192 10,679 San Roque 1,985 9,163 4,371 4,792 Santa Elena (Pob.) 893 4,296 2,095 2,201 Santo Niño 3,481 16,513 8,076 8,437 Tañong 1,133 5,390 2,640 2,750 Concepcion Dos 2,090 10,408 4,773 5,635 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 3,977 21,095 10,262 10,833 Industrial Valley 1,527 7,197 3,532 3,665 Fortune 5,234 26,183 13,054 13,129 Tumana 6,758 33,086 16,680 16,402

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 208 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 1. Proportion of Children under 5 Years Old who Died, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 5 Barangays Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Santo Niño 6 0.4 Concepcion Dos 1 0.2 Concepcion Uno 2 0.1 Barangka 1 0.1 Tumana 4 0.1

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 209 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 2. Proportion of Women who Died Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes, by Barangay, 2015

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 210 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 3. Proportion of Children 0-5 Years Old who are Malnourished, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 11 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion Tañong 6 1.1 Santo Niño 16 1.0 Jesus De La Peña 5 1.0 Santa Elena (Pob.) 3 0.8 San Roque 6 0.7 Concepcion Dos 4 0.5 Kalumpang 4 0.5 Nangka 16 0.5 Concepcion Uno 6 0.3 Tumana 15 0.3 Fortune 11 0.3

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 211 Table 1. Health and Nutrition Indicators, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Number of Children under 5 Number of Women deaths due to Number of Malnourished children children years old children pregnancy-related causes children (0-5 years old) (under who died (under (0-5 years old) 5 years old) 1 year old) Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

Barangka 873 1 0.1 155 0 0 1,107 2 0.2 Kalumpang 657 0 0 128 0 0 780 4 0.5 Concepcion Uno 1,830 2 0.1 350 0 0 2,209 6 0.3 Jesus De La Peña 416 0 0 77 0 0 498 5 1.0 Malanday 3,642 0 0 713 0 0 4,389 7 0.2 Nangka 2,660 1 0.0 513 0 0 3,198 16 0.5 Parang 1,854 0 0 389 0 0 2,244 1 0.0 San Roque 702 0 0 146 0 0 841 6 0.7 Santa Elena (Pob.) 302 0 0 61 0 0 378 3 0.8 Santo Niño 1,346 6 0.4 280 0 0 1,630 16 1.0 Tañong 434 0 0 100 0 0 537 6 1.1 Concepcion Dos 647 1 0.2 120 0 0 773 4 0.5 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 2,020 0 0 391 0 0 2,448 2 0.1 Industrial Valley 774 0 0 174 0 0 922 0 0 Fortune 2,755 0 0 602 0 0 3,344 11 0.3 Tumana 3,840 4 0.1 799 0 0 4,620 15 0.3

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 212 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 4. Proportion of Households Living in Makeshift Housing, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Tumana 404 6.0 Kalumpang 100 5.7 Santo Niño 121 3.5 San Roque 49 2.5 Nangka 113 2.1 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 75 1.9 Santa Elena (Pob.) 16 1.8 Parang 66 1.5 Concepcion Uno 70 1.4 Fortune 75 1.4

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 213 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 5. Proportion of Households who are Informal Settlers, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Tumana 4,674 69.2 Barangka 140 6.3 Kalumpang 80 4.6 Tañong 51 4.5 Fortune 210 4.0 Malanday 288 3.9 Santo Niño 122 3.5 Nangka 174 3.2 Parang 104 2.4 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 87 2.2

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 214 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 6. Proportion of Households without Access to Safe Water Supply by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 6 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Santo Niño 51 1.5 San Roque 4 0.2 Santa Elena (Pob.) 1 0.1 Malanday 2 0.0 Barangka 1 0.0 Concepcion Dos 1 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 215 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 7. Proportion of Households without Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 4 Barangays Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Concepcion Uno 3 0.1 Malanday 1 0.0 Tumana 1 0.0 Nangka 1 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 216 Table 2. Housing, Water and Sanitation Indicators, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Households living in Households who are Households without access to safe Households without access to makeshift housing informal settlers water supply sanitary toilet facilities

Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

Barangka 12 0.5 140 6.3 1 0.0 0 0 Kalumpang 100 5.7 80 4.6 0 0 0 0 Concepcion Uno 70 1.4 26 0.5 0 0 3 0.1 Jesus De La Peña 9 0.8 2 0.2 0 0 0 0 Malanday 99 1.3 288 3.9 2 0.0 1 0.0 Nangka 113 2.1 174 3.2 0 0 1 0.0 Parang 66 1.5 104 2.4 0 0 0 0 San Roque 49 2.5 19 1.0 4 0.2 0 0 Santa Elena (Pob.) 16 1.8 0 0 1 0.1 0 0 Santo Niño 121 3.5 122 3.5 51 1.5 0 0 Tañong 10 0.9 51 4.5 0 0 0 0 Concepcion Dos 8 0.4 36 1.7 1 0.0 0 0 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 75 1.9 87 2.2 0 0 0 0 Industrial Valley 9 0.6 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 Fortune 75 1.4 210 4.0 0 0 0 0 Tumana 404 6.0 4,674 69.2 0 0 1 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 217 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 8. Proportion of Children 6-11 years old Not Attending Elementary School, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 9 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Tumana 373 8.8 Santa Elena (Pob.) 34 8.1 Nangka 242 7.9 Santo Niño 137 7.8 Industrial Valley 68 7.8 Concepcion Uno 178 7.7 Malanday 315 7.5 Fortune 223 7.1 San Roque 60 6.9

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 218 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 9. Proportion of Children 12-15 years old Not Attending High School, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 9 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Tumana 893 32.4 Fortune 573 27.2 Nangka 589 27.0 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 343 23.4 Malanday 641 22.2 Concepcion Dos 143 21.1 Parang 320 20.9 Santo Niño 273 20.2 Santa Elena (Pob.) 61 19.2

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 219 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 10. Proportion of Children 6-15 years old Not Attending School, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Tumana 226 3.2 Santo Niño 78 2.5 Fortune 125 2.4 Nangka 123 2.4 Malanday 163 2.3 Santa Elena (Pob.) 17 2.3 San Roque 31 2.1 Concepcion Uno 79 2.0 Industrial Valley 27 1.9

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 220 Table 3. Education Indicators, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Number of Children not attending Number of Children not attending high Number of Children not children elementary school children school children attending school (6-11 years old) (6-11 years old) (12-15 years old) (12-15 years old) (6-15 years old) (6-15 years old)

Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

Barangka 997 68 6.8 724 126 17.4 1,721 30 1.7 Kalumpang 824 38 4.6 604 108 17.9 1,428 14 1.0 Concepcion Uno 2,325 178 7.7 1,661 311 18.7 3,986 79 2.0 Jesus De La Peña 534 34 6.4 398 69 17.3 932 15 1.6 Malanday 4,209 315 7.5 2,891 641 22.2 7,100 163 2.3 Nangka 3,046 242 7.9 2,185 589 27.0 5,231 123 2.4 Parang 2,266 147 6.5 1,532 320 20.9 3,798 59 1.6 San Roque 870 60 6.9 623 113 18.1 1,493 31 2.1 Santa Elena (Pob.) 420 34 8.1 317 61 19.2 737 17 2.3 Santo Niño 1,751 137 7.8 1,349 273 20.2 3,100 78 2.5 Tañong 595 33 5.5 427 80 18.7 1,022 13 1.3 Concepcion Dos 879 60 6.8 678 143 21.1 1,557 27 1.7 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 2,258 153 6.8 1,466 343 23.4 3,724 50 1.3 Industrial Valley 873 68 7.8 541 96 17.7 1,414 27 1.9 Fortune 3,120 223 7.1 2,110 573 27.2 5,230 125 2.4 Tumana 4,261 373 8.8 2,755 893 32.4 7,016 226 3.2

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 221 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 11. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Poverty Threshold, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Santo Niño 956 27.5 Jesus De La Peña 293 26.9 Santa Elena (Pob.) 167 18.7 Malanday 1,356 18.5 Tañong 192 16.9 Industrial Valley 257 16.8 Parang 703 15.9 Kalumpang 256 14.6 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 534 13.4 Tumana 874 12.9

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 222 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 12. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Food Threshold, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Santo Niño 737 21.2 Jesus De La Peña 211 19.4 Santa Elena (Pob.) 121 13.5 Tañong 121 10.7 Malanday 767 10.5 Industrial Valley 152 10.0 Kalumpang 160 9.1 Parang 379 8.6 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 319 8.0 Tumana 410 6.1

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 223 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 13. Proportion of Households who Experienced Hunger due to Food Shortage, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 4 Barangays Barangay Magnitude Proportion Santo Niño 24 0.7 Concepcion Uno 17 0.4 Barangka 6 0.3 San Roque 3 0.2

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 224 Table 4. Income Poverty and Hunger Indicators, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Households with income below the Households with income below the Households who experienced hunger poverty threshold food threshold due to food shortage Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

Barangka 266 12.0 120 5.4 6 0.3 Kalumpang 256 14.6 160 9.1 0 0 Concepcion Uno 374 7.7 183 3.8 17 0.4 Jesus De La Peña 293 26.9 211 19.4 0 0 Malanday 1,356 18.5 767 10.5 0 0 Nangka 553 10.2 231 4.3 0 0 Parang 703 15.9 379 8.6 0 0 San Roque 166 8.4 64 3.2 3 0.2 Santa Elena (Pob.) 167 18.7 121 13.5 0 0 Santo Niño 956 27.5 737 21.2 24 0.7 Tañong 192 16.9 121 10.7 0 0 Concepcion Dos 97 4.6 40 1.9 0 0 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 534 13.4 319 8.0 0 0 Industrial Valley 257 16.8 152 10.0 0 0 Fortune 536 10.2 233 4.5 0 0 Tumana 874 12.9 410 6.1 0 0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 225 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 14. Unemployment Rate (15 years old and above), by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Industrial Valley 339 13.0 San Roque 432 12.1 Kalumpang 322 10.5 Parang 766 10.4 Jesus De La Peña 196 10.2 Malanday 1,225 9.9 Concepcion Uno 767 9.8 Tañong 184 9.7 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 709 9.0 Santo Niño 535 8.9

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 226 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 15. Proportion of Persons who are Victims of Crime, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays

Barangay Magnitude Proportion

Santo Niño 40 0.2 Jesus De La Peña 3 0.1 Concepcion Uno 11 0.0 Tumana 4 0.0 San Roque 3 0.0 Santa Elena (Pob.) 2 0.0 Kalumpang 1 0.0 Nangka 1 0.0 Parang 1 0.0 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 1 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 227 Table 5. Unemployment and Victims of Crime Indicators, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay Number of persons Unemployment rate Persons who are in the labor force (15 years old and above) victims of crimes (15 years old and above) Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion

Barangka 3,519 285 8.1 0 0 Kalumpang 3,059 322 10.5 1 0.0 Concepcion Uno 7,862 767 9.8 11 0.0 Jesus De La Peña 1,914 196 10.2 3 0.1 Malanday 12,412 1,225 9.9 0 0 Nangka 9,568 720 7.5 1 0.0 Parang 7,393 766 10.4 1 0.0 San Roque 3,580 432 12.1 3 0.0 Santa Elena (Pob.) 1,561 99 6.3 2 0.0 Santo Niño 6,010 535 8.9 40 0.2 Tañong 1,890 184 9.7 0 0 Concepcion Dos 4,272 243 5.7 0 0 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 7,840 709 9.0 1 0.0 Industrial Valley 2,607 339 13.0 0 0 Fortune 8,941 698 7.8 1 0.0 Tumana 10,703 750 7.0 4 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 228 CBMS Poverty Maps: City of Marikina

Map 16. CBMS Composite Indicator, by Barangay, 2015

Bottom 10 Barangays Barangay Average

Tumana 1.1 Santo Niño 0.7 Jesus De La Peña 0.6 Kalumpang 0.5 Malanday 0.5 Tañong 0.5 Industrial Valley 0.5 Santa Elena (Pob.) 0.5 Parang 0.4 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 0.4

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 229 Table 6. CBMS Composite Indicator, by Barangay, City of Marikina, 2015

Barangay CBMS Composite Indicator

Barangka 0.4 Kalumpang 0.5 Concepcion Uno 0.3 Jesus De La Peña 0.6 Malanday 0.5 Nangka 0.3 Parang 0.4 San Roque 0.3 Santa Elena (Pob.) 0.5 Santo Niño 0.7 Tañong 0.5 Concepcion Dos 0.2 Marikina Heights (Concepcion) 0.4 Industrial Valley 0.5 Fortune 0.3 Tumana 1.1

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 8) 230