The English Correspondence of Sir Thomas More

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The English Correspondence of Sir Thomas More The English Correspondence of Sir Thomas More The letter and line numbers correspond to the 1947 Rogers edition (Princeton UP). The English spellings have been standardized for this edition and its concordance by Andrea Frank. A complete concordance to this work can be found at www.thomasmorestudies.org/publications.html#Concordance. ©CTMS 2014 Thomas More’s English letters, following 1947 Rogers numbering [4] To Sister Joyce Leigh. <London, c. 1 January 1505> …………………………… 3 [11] To the Council, from Tunstall, Sampson, More. Bruges, 9 July 1515………….... 4 [12] To <Henry VIII>, from Tunstall, More, Clyfford. Bruges, 21 July 1515............. 5 [13] To Wolsey, from Knight, More, Wilsher, Sampson,…. Bruges, 1 Oct 1515......... 6 [49] To Wolsey & Council, from Wingfield, Knight, More. Calais, 13 Oct <1517>...... 6 [51] To Wolsey & Council, from Wingfield, Knight, More. <Calais? c. Oct 1517>…... 7 [53] To <Wolsey>, from Wingfield, Knight, More. Calais, 4 <Nov>ember <1517>.... 9 [77] To Wolsey. Woking, 5 July <1519>.......................................................... 10 [78] To Wolsey. Woking, 6 July <1519>.......................................................... 11 [79] To Wolsey. Woking, 9 July <1519>.......................................................... 12 [98] To Wolsey, from Knight, More, Wilsher, Sampson. Bruges, 15 Sept <1520>........ 13 [100] To the Deputy Chamberlains of the Exchequer. <c. May 1521>....................... 15 [109] To Wolsey. Newhall, 14 September <1522> ............................................. 15 [110] To Wolsey. Newhall, 21 September <1522> ............................................. 17 [115] To Wolsey. Easthampstead, 26 August <1523> .......................................... 19 [116] To Wolsey. Woking, 1 September <1523>................................................ 22 [117] To Wolsey. Woking, 1 September <1523>................................................ 23 [118] To Wolsey. Woking, 3 September <1523>................................................ 25 [119] To Wolsey. Woking, 5 September <1523>................................................ 25 [120] To Wolsey. Woking, 12 September <1523>.............................................. 26 [121] To Wolsey. Guildford, 13 September <1523>............................................ 27 [122] To Wolsey. Easthampstead, 17 September <1523>...................................... 29 [123] To Wolsey. Abingdon, 20 September <1523>............................................ 30 [124] To Wolsey. Woodstock, 22 September <1523>.......................................... 36 [125] To Wolsey. Woodstock, 24 September <1523>.......................................... 37 [126] To Wolsey. Woodstock, 26 September <1523>.......................................... 38 [127] To Wolsey. Woodstock, 30 October <1523>............................................. 39 [136] To Wolsey. Hertford, 29 November <1524>............................................. 40 [145] To Wolsey. Stony Stratford, 21 September <1526>...................................... 43 [150] To the University of Oxford. Richmond, 11 March <1527>........................... 44 [161] To Wolsey. Windsor, 16 March <1528>.................................................. 45 [170] To Henry VIII, from Tunstall, Hacket, <More>. <Cambray, 2 Aug 1529>…….. 48 [171] To Henry VIII, from Tunstall, More, Hacket. Cambray, <c.4> Aug <1529>…… 55 [172] To Henry VIII, from Tunstall, More, Hacket. Cambray, 5 August 1529.............. 58 2 [173] To Henry VIII, from Tunstall, More, Hacket. Cambray, 10 Aug 1529................ 60 [174] To Lady More. Woodstock, 3 September <1529>........................................ 61 [182] To Sir John Arundell. Chelsea, 5 April <1530>........................................... 62 [190] To John Frith. Chelsea, 7 December <1532>.............................................. 63 [192] To Elizabeth Barton. Chelsea, Tuesday <1533?> ......................................... 85 [194] To Thomas Cromwell. Chelsea, 1 February <1533/4>.................................. 86 [195] To Thomas Cromwell. Chelsea, Saturday, <Feb-March> 1533/4..................... 88 [197] To Thomas Cromwell. <March? 1534>.................................................... 89 [198] To Henry VIII. Chelsea, 5 March <1534>.................................................. 96 [199] To Thomas Cromwell. Chelsea, 5 March <1534>......................................... 99 [200] To Margaret Roper. <Tower of London, c. 17 April 1534> ............................ 106 [201] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, <April-May? 1534>............................ 111 [202] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, <May? 1534> ................................... 112 [203] From Margaret Roper. <May? 1534>........................................................ 113 [204] To All His Friends. Tower of London, <1534> ........................................... 114 [205] Alice Alington to Margaret Roper. 17 August <1534>................................... 115 [206] Margaret Roper to Alice Alington. <August 1534>....................................... 117 [207] To Dr. Nicholas Wilson. Tower of London, 1534......................................... 133 [208] To Dr. Nicholas Wilson. Tower of London, 1534......................................... 134 [209] From Margaret Roper. 1534................................................................... 139 [210] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, 1534............................................... 140 [211] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, 1534............................................... 144 [212] Lady More to Henry VIII. <c. Christmas 1534>........................................... 147 [213] To Master Leder. Tower of London, Saturday, 16 January 1534/3..................... 148 [214] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, 2 or 3 May 1535................................. 150 [215] Lady More to Thomas Cromwell. May 1535................................................ 153 [216] To Margaret Roper. <Tower of London, 3 June 1535> ................................. 154 [217] To Antonio Bonvisi. Tower of London, 1535............................................... 158 [218] To Margaret Roper. Tower of London, 5 July 1535....................................... 160 3 4. To Joyce Leigh, <London, c. 1 January 1505> 4. To Joyce Leigh Unto his right entirely beloved sister in Christ, Joyce Leigh, Thomas More greeting in our Lord. It is, and of long time hath been, my well beloved sister, a custom in the beginning of the New Year friends to send between presents or gifts as the witnesses of their love and friendship and also signifying that they desire each to other that year a good continuance and prosperous end of that 5 lucky beginning. But commonly, all those presents that are used customably all in this manner between friends to be sent be such things as pertain only unto the body, either to be fed or to be clad or some otherwise delighted, by which it seemeth that their friendship is but fleshly and stretcheth in manner to 10 the body only. But forasmuch as the love and amity of Christian folk should be rather ghostly friendship than bodily, since that all faithful people are rather spiritual than carnal. For as the apostle saith we be not now in flesh but in spirit if Christ abide in us. 15 I therefore, mine heartily beloved sister, in good luck of this new year have sent you such a present, as may bear witness of my tender love and zeal to the happy continuance and gracious increase of virtue in your soul; and whereas the gifts of other folk declare that they wisheth their friends to be worldly 20 fortunate, mine testifieth that I desire to have you godly prosperous. % These works more profitable that large were made in Latin by one John Picus, Earl of Mirandola, a lordship in Italy of whose cunning and virtue we need hear nothing to speak forasmuch 25 as hereafter we peruse the course of his holy life rather after our little power slenderly, than after his merits sufficiently. The works are such, that truly, good sister, I suppose of the quantity there cometh none in your hand more profitable, neither to the achieving of temperance in prosperity, nor to the 30 purchasing of patience in adversity, nor to the despising of worldly vanity, nor to the desiring of heavenly felicity, which works I would require you gladly to receive, nay were it that they be such that for the goodly matter (howsoever they be translated) may delight and please any person that hath any 35 mean desire and love to God. And that yourself is such one 4 as for your virtue and fervent zeal to God cannot but joyously 4. To Joyce Leigh receive anything that meanly soundeth either to the reproach of vice, commendation of virtue or honor and laude of God, who preserve you. 40 11. Tunstall, Sampson, More to the Council. Bruges, 9 July 1515 Liketh it your good lordships to understand, that as touching the state of our business here, forasmuch as we doubt not but that our letters, in which we have written thereof at large to the King's Grace, shall by his Highness come to your hands, we therefore trouble not at this time your good lordships 5 with the repetitions of the same, but the only cause of our present writing to your good lordships is to beseech the same to have us so in your favorable remembrance, that we may have by the means of your good lordships more money sent unto us. For as your lordships well remember of 60 days, for which we received 10 our money before the hand, and spent also a good part thereof before the hand, there be naught remaining
Recommended publications
  • A House Fit for a Queen:Wingfieldhouse In Tacket Street,Ipswichand Its Heraldicroom
    A HOUSE FIT FOR A QUEEN:WINGFIELDHOUSE IN TACKET STREET,IPSWICHAND ITS HERALDICROOM byDIARMAIDMACCULLOCHANDJOHN BLATCHLY 'At Ipswich the Queen lodged in the house lately built by Sir Humphrey Wingfield to be fit for any degree of wealth or rank whatsoever, as I believe, with the intention that the first- fruits of the presence of the most excellent queen in all Europe on the morrow of her victory might be a perpetual distinction to his son Robert Wingfield . So wrote the Suffolkhistorian Robert Wingfieldof Brantham, swellingwith pride that he had been host at his Ipswichhome to Queen Mary on the morrow of her successful coupd'etatagainst the Duke of Northumberland in 1553.2All but a vestige of the original house has been demolished over the centuries, but fortunately what remains in 1992 is of great interest and significance.Substantial parts of the carved oak panelling from the principal room The Great Parlour' line the WingfieldRoom in Christchurch Mansion, Ipswich, and other traces of its lost grandeur surviveelsewhere,together with some documentary accounts. This room, which was the particular glory of the house, had some remarkable painted inscriptions which together with a richly ornate heraldic ceiling formed one of the most spectacular of such ensembles in Tudor East Anglia. It is the object of this paper to assess the dating and significanceof what was displayedin the room and to establishthe importance of one of Ipswich'salmost vanished historicbuildings. I THE SETTING:THE LOCATIONOF HOUSEANDROOM There is a good deal of confusion about the exact positions and extents of the mansions of three eminent and wealthy Tudor worthies who lived as near neighbours in St Stephen's parish in Ipswich.
    [Show full text]
  • Philip Melanchthon and the Historical Luther by Ralph Keen 7 2 Philip Melanchthon’S History of the Life and Acts of Dr Martin Luther Translated by Thomas D
    VANDIVER.cvr 29/9/03 11:44 am Page 1 HIS VOLUME brings By placing accurate new translations of these two ‘lives of Luther’ side by side, Vandiver together two important Luther’s T and her colleagues have allowed two very contemporary accounts of different perceptions of the significance of via free access the life of Martin Luther in a Luther to compete head to head. The result is as entertaining as it is informative, and a Luther’s confrontation that had been postponed for more than four powerful reminder of the need to ensure that secondary works about the Reformation are hundred and fifty years. The first never displaced by the primary sources. of these accounts was written imes iterary upplement after Luther’s death, when it was rumoured that demons had seized lives the Reformer on his deathbed and dragged him off to Hell. In response to these rumours, Luther’s friend and colleague, Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/25/2021 06:33:04PM Philip Melanchthon wrote and Elizabeth Vandiver, Ralph Keen, and Thomas D. Frazel - 9781526120649 published a brief encomium of the Reformer in . A completely new translation of this text appears in this book. It was in response to Melanchthon’s work that Johannes Cochlaeus completed and published his own monumental life of Luther in , which is translated and made available in English for the first time in this volume. After witnessing Luther’s declaration before Charles V at the Diet of Worms, Cochlaeus had sought out Luther and debated with him. However, the confrontation left him convinced that Luther was an impious and —Bust of Luther, Lutherhaus, Wittenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aeneid Woodcuts from Sebastian Brant's Edition of Virgil
    Julia Frick Visual Narrative: The Aeneid Woodcuts from Sebastian Brant’s Edition of Virgil (Strasbourg 1502) in Thomas Murner’s Translation of the Aeneid (Strasbourg 1515) Abstracts: Thomas Murner’s translation of Virgil’s Aeneid into German (Strasbourg: Johann Grüninger 1515) is accompanied by a selection of 112 of the 143 Aeneid woodcuts from the com- plete edition of Virgil’s works edited by Sebastian Brant. The latter had been published by Johann Grüninger in Strasbourg in 1502, thirteen years before Murner’s translation. Research has demonstrated that Brant was involved in the production of the woodcuts as a “concepteur”: the extremely detailed interpretation of the text by means of images implies a thorough knowledge of Virgil’s text, while the resulting visual narrative, in addition to the textual understanding supplied by the Latin writing, creates a striking and absorbing display. It can be demonstrated that Thomas Murner knew Brant’s edition and this raises the question of whether Murner was influenced by the familiar woodcuts in his translation of the Aeneid. He, just like Brant, attributed great value not only to the illustrative and mnemonic function of the image, but also to the close relationship between the text and the image. Indeed, the influ- ence of the Aeneid illustrations on Murner’s understanding of the Latin text can be observed in some places in his translation, demonstrating a dual translation process: the transposition of the Latin text into a pictorial form, which was then translated back into the German language. Thomas Murner übersetzte als erster Vergils Aeneis in die deutsche Sprache (Straßburg: Johann Grüninger 1515).
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of St. Thomas More
    The Catholic Lawyer Volume 13 Number 2 Volume 13, Spring 1967, Number 2 Article 5 The Relevance of St. Thomas More Richard A. Vachon, S.J. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl Part of the Catholic Studies Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Catholic Lawyer by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RELEVANCE OF ST. THOMAS MORE RICHARD A. VACHON, S.J.* T HOMAS MORE WAS the contemporary man. I mean this not in the sense Winston Churchill had in mind when he wrote, "More stood forth as the defender of all that was finest in the medieval outlook." Rather, Thomas More was our man. He worked for a salary and met a payroll. Long before urban sprawl, More was a city man-Reynolds calls him the greatest of all Londoners. He was born in the city and lived in the heart of it for nearly 50 years. Then he became a suburbanite-opening up Chelsea. He invested in land, leasing farmland to tenant-farmers or holding it on speculation. He was a politician, probably the only canonized saint who ever ran for public office and won. And when Parliament elected him Speaker, he petitioned and received from the King immunity for the members of the House to express their opinions freely on the matters submitted to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawson, a (2020) Smith Vs. Wingfield: Remaking the Social Order in The
    Citation: Lawson, A (2020) Smith vs. Wingfield: Remaking the Social Order in the Chesapeake. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 128 (3). pp. 202-225. ISSN 0042-6636 Link to Leeds Beckett Repository record: https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/id/eprint/5494/ Document Version: Article (Accepted Version) The aim of the Leeds Beckett Repository is to provide open access to our research, as required by funder policies and permitted by publishers and copyright law. The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis. Each thesis in the repository has been cleared where necessary by the author for third party copyright. If you would like a thesis to be removed from the repository or believe there is an issue with copyright, please contact us on [email protected] and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis. Smith vs. Wingfield: Remaking the Social Order in the Chesapeake Andrew Lawson Reader in American Literature Leeds Beckett University School of Cultural Studies (A214) Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9EN UK 0113 8123474 [email protected] 1 Smith vs. Wingfield: Remaking the Social Order in the Chesapeake One of the more well-known but less examined facts in the history of Virginia colony is that Edward Maria Wingfield detested John Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Note to Users
    NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 ofCanada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington OMW~ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Yw#e votm rf5mrDnœ Our hLB NMe référence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Libraty of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distriiute or sell reproduire, prêter, distriiuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/fllml de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être impximés reproduceà without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. English Historians' Treatments of Sir Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher in the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Gmhmies by John C. R Taylor-Hood A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fullillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Deparfment of History Mernorial University of Newf'oundland St. John's nie siuteenth-oentury personages of Sir Th011185 More and Bishop John Fiiher have repeatedy appeanxî as signiticant figures in historical works.
    [Show full text]
  • Rafa Đ Wójcik Straßburg — FREIBURG — PARIS — KRAKAU
    Rafađ Wójcik STRAßBURG — FREIBURG — PARIS — KRAKAU Zu den möglichen Inspirationsquellen Thomas Murners, des Autors von Chartiludium logicae sive logica memorativa (1507/1509) Abstract Die Ars memorativa war im spätmittelalterlichen Krakau sehr populär. Das Fach wurde vertreten von ausländischen und polnischen Gelehrten, zum Beispiel: Jacobus Publicius, Konrad Celtis, Thomas Murner, Johannes Enclen de Cusa (Cusanus), Stanisđaw Korzybski, Antoni von Radomsko und Jan Szklarek. Man muss jedoch feststellen, dass Thomas Murners Lehrmethoden zur Logik noch nicht in Bezug gesetzt worden sind zu den mnemotechnischen Instrumenten der polnischen Franziskaner-Observanten oder anderer Gelehrter, die in Polen wirkten. Speziell ist der Traktat des Jacque Le Févre d’Étaples — abgesehen von einer Bemerkung von Gustav Bauch — noch nicht in seiner Eigenschaft als Inspirationsquelle für Murners Methode untersucht worden. Der Beitrag stellt die Logica memorativa als einen paradigmatischen Fall mnemotechnischen Methodentransfers zwischen Frankreich, Deutschland und Polen an der Wende vom 15. zum 16. Jh. dar. Ich, Magister Johannes von Glogau, Mitglied der Universität von Krakau und Kanoniker des St. Florian-Stiftskapitels auf dem Kleparz, bezeige hiermit: all was wir unbestritten gesehen und gehört, dass Hochwürden Vater Thomas Murner, Deutscher, Sohn der Stadt Straßburg, Bakkalaureus der heiligen Theologie unserer Universität dies Kartenspiel erdacht, gelehrt und nicht ohne unser aller Verwunderung so geschickt angewandt, dass innerhalb eines Monats selbst Leute vom schweren Begriff und Tauge- nichtse auf dem Gebiet der Logik solche Fähigkeiten von Lernvermögen und Gedächtniskraft offenbart haben, dass zwischen uns der Verdacht auf den genannten Padre fiel, ob er sich anstatt der Regeln der Logik nicht eher der Magie befleißigt hat. Seinen Schülern hat er nämlich auferlegt, binnen der nächsten zwei Jahre diesbezüglich jedem Sterblichen gegenüber Stillschweigen zu bewahren.
    [Show full text]
  • “Mary Roper Clarke Bassett and Meredith Hanmer's
    Mary Roper Clarke Bassett and Meredith Hanmer’s Honorable Ladie of the Lande Eugenio OLIVARES MERINO University of Jaén ABSTRACT In his 1577 English translation of Eusebius’ History of the Church, Meredith Hanmer makes reference to “an honorable Ladie of the lande,” whose identity still remains unknown. My design here is to gather the scarce and scattered available evidence, so as to propose a name that is rather reasonable. In order to contextualize the conclusions, reference will also be made to such issues as women’s literacy and religious controversies in Elizabethan England. KEYWORDS: Mary Roper Clarke Bassett, Meredith Hanmer, translation, Greek, Eusebius Mary Roper,1 Sir Thomas More’s granddaughter by his beloved Margaret, is especially known for an English translation of her grandfather’s Latin book about Christ’s Passion, written while prisoner in the Tower of London.2 This work was included in William Rastell’s edition of More’s English Works (1557), pp. 1350- 1404, and it was the only text by a woman to appear in print during the reign of Mary Tudor (Demers 2001: 5). The editor was enthusiastic about the chance he had to include Mary’s translation, for it seemed to be no translation at all: “so that it myghte seme to have been by hys [Thomas More’s] own pen indyted first, and not at all translated: suche a gyft hath she to followe her grandfathers vayne in writing” (Rastell 1557: 1350). But it is Mary’s partial translation of Eusebius’ History of the Church that I will bring forth into the readers’ consideration, both for it and for the light it might 1 The date of Mary’s birth is not known.
    [Show full text]
  • Children, It Is My Earnest Desire That You Should Study These Pages And
    Children, it is my earnest desire that you should study these pages and endeavor to be worthy descendants of ancestors who laboured and suffered for the truth; who defied the intol• erance of a persecuting goverment and church in the old country, and endured the privations and hardships of a pioneer life in the forest wilderness of a new Colony. Maude Enslow Dunn. Lincoln, Nebraska 1932 ..H___O_ ..W A..R D _ ) The name of Howard is another form of Haward or Herewarc! and 'Tl"i1~1-s is ideotified with the most brilliant achievements in various de~",-\, of Jcoigbtly and honorable service in England,and is of the proad- est families 1a that fair land. The following from Barks "Her&lclric Register'' Howarl-Dake of Norfolk: "The ill11strio11s hoase of Jiiorfollt deri ,es, in the male lioe. from William Howard,a learned jadge"of the reign Edward I and with him the ao.theotic pedigree begins. The alliance of the jaclges deceodanta--Sir Robert Howarct• Knight-wi th Margaret.elder daughter of Thomas DeMowbray,Dake of Borkfolk,was the soarce whence flowed to after generations all the blood of all the Howards. Margaret DeMowbr&f was gfeat grand daughter of Thomas Plaatagenet,eldest son of Kiog Edward,bJ Margaret his second wife, daughter of Phillip the Hara, of France. This great alliance may be regarde.d as the foundation. on which was erected the snbse• qo.e.nt grandeur of the "Hoase of orfolk':',b11t the brilliant Halo ( which encircles the the coronet of the Howards owes its splendor to the heroic achievements of the so.coessive chiefs.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Councils, Counsel and Consensus in Henry VIII's Reformation
    1 7 Councils, Counsel and Consensus in Henry VIII’s Reformation RICHARD REX The one who really loves his prince is the one who counsels him and urges those things through which his rule is loved, his good name safeguarded, and his conscience unharmed.1 Even before Elton’s Tudor Revolution in Government (1953) it was recognised that the reign of Henry VIII represented a crucial stage in the development of the royal council, most notably in the formal emergence of a privy council unburdened by the judicial functions that had long clung to the king’s council thanks to its role at the centre of the royal court. The privy council that achieved autonomous existence in 1540 no longer bore even the outward form of a judicial body, unlike most other government departments of that time. Unlike most of the others, it was not even called a court. Its fundamental role, of course, was executive, something which many of Elton’s successors found it hard to appreciate as it was always so tempting to see the privy council in terms of the mid-twentieth-century high tide of British cabinet government. But the desire to see the privy council as a consultative policy-making body was not wholly without foundation. However unrealistically, Tudor political culture 1 [Stephen Baron], De Regimine Principum ad Serenissimum Regem Anglie Henricum Octauum (London, Wynkyn de Worde, n.d. [c.1509)]), sig. B5r: ‘Ille realiter diligit principem suum qui sibi consulit et optat illa per que eius dominium diligitur, eius fama custoditur, eius conscientia non leditur’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Opening of the Atlantic World: England's
    THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII By LYDIA TOWNS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Texas at Arlington May, 2019 Arlington, Texas Supervising Committee: Imre Demhardt, Supervising Professor John Garrigus Kathryne Beebe Alan Gallay ABSTRACT THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII Lydia Towns, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2019 Supervising Professor: Imre Demhardt This dissertation explores the birth of the English Atlantic by looking at English activities and discussions of the Atlantic world from roughly 1481-1560. Rather than being disinterested in exploration during the reign of Henry VIII, this dissertation proves that the English were aware of what was happening in the Atlantic world through the transnational flow of information, imagined the potentials of the New World for both trade and colonization, and actively participated in the opening of transatlantic trade through transnational networks. To do this, the entirety of the Atlantic, all four continents, are considered and the English activity there analyzed. This dissertation uses a variety of methods, examining cartographic and literary interpretations and representations of the New World, familial ties, merchant networks, voyages of exploration and political and diplomatic material to explore my subject across the social strata of England, giving equal weight to common merchants’ and scholars’ perceptions of the Atlantic as I do to Henry VIII’s court. Through these varied methods, this dissertation proves that the creation of the British Atlantic was not state sponsored, like the Spanish Atlantic, but a transnational space inhabited and expanded by merchants, adventurers and the scholars who created imagined spaces for the English.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Trends in Certified Organic Tree Fruit in Washington State: 2016
    Recent Trends in Certified Organic Tree Fruit in Washington State: 2016 Document date June 8, 2017 Elizabeth Kirby and David Granatstein WSU-Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources In cooperation with Washington State Department of Agriculture Organic Program, Oregon Tilth, and CCOF Document Outline Slides • Introduction 3 • Demand Trends 3 - 9 • Global and National Area 10-19 • Washington State Trends 21-25 • Organic Apples 26-55 • Organic Pears 56-64 • Organic Cherries 65-71 • Soft Fruit 72 • Exports 73-77 • Additional U.S. Data 79-82 Abbreviations used: CSANR WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture & Natural Resources CSA Community Supported Agriculture operation AMS USDA Agricultural Marketing Service ERS USDA Economic Research Service NOP USDA National Organic Program 2 NASS USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service WSDA Washington State Dept. of Agriculture The following set of slides presents the current data on organic tree fruit area and production for Washington State, with some associated global and national data. Data come from various sources including certifiers [e.g., Washington St. Dept. of Agriculture (WSDA) Organic Program; Oregon Tilth Certified Organic (OTCO), California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF)], The World of Organic Agriculture annual publication http://www.organic-world.net/index.html, USDA, Calif. Dept. Food and Agric. (CDFA), and industry sources [Washington State Tree Fruit Association (WSTFA), Wenatchee Valley Traffic Association (WVTA), Washington Growers Clearinghouse (WGCH), Pear Bureau Northwest (PBNW)]. Data from WSDA were extracted on March 27, 2017. Organic agriculture continues to be consumer driven. Globally, retail sales of organic food were $81.6 billion in 2015. The U.S. was the largest single country market (35.8 billion €), followed by Germany (8.6 billion €), France (5.5 billion €), and China (4.7 billion €).
    [Show full text]