5.10 Aviation Introduction

5.10.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of the aviation receptors of relevance to the project, and the intended scope of and approach to the assessment of impacts on aviation. Policy and Guidance

5.10.2 Given the nature of the receptors, the assessment will be conducted in accordance with the relevant Irish Air Authority (IAA) and International Civil Aviation organisation (ICAO) guidance documents and UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) publications including:  IAA guidance document Aerodrome Licensing Manual69;

 CAP 738 Safeguarding of Aerodromes70;

 Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) Statutory Instruments, S.I 215 of 2005; Obstacles to Aircraft in Flight Order71;

 Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) Statutory Instruments, S.I 423 of 1999; En-route Obstacles to Air Navigation72;

 Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) Statutory Instruments, S.I 72 of 2004; Rules of The Air Order, 200473; and

 ICAO PANS OPS DOC 8168 Vol II: Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures74. Receiving Environment – Baseline

5.10.3 There are a number of receptors that fall within the study area: Dublin Airport, Weston Airport, Casement aerodrome and Newcastle Aerodrome (identified as red markers in Figure 26). Dublin Array is located under the arrival path for Dublin Airport Runway 28 and is in proximity to extant procedures for Weston Airport and Casement Aerodrome. Dublin Airport is located approximately 23km northwest of the Dublin Array, the proposed wind farm lies within Surveillance Minimum Altitude Area (SMAA) Sectors 1 and 7 which have published altitudes of 2000 feet (ft) and 3000ft respectively.

Page 113 of 220 5.10.4 Casement (Baldonnel) Aerodrome is a military airfield located 12km southwest of Dublin city and serves as the headquarters and operating base of the Irish Air Corps. Casement Aerodrome has two runways of orientation 04/22 and 10/28 with respective lengths of 1,828m and 1,462m. Casement Aerodrome is located approximately 32km west of the Dublin Array, measured from the closest point of the development site boundary. 5.10.5 Weston Airport is a licensed general aviation airport serving Dublin and its environs. Aircraft operating from the airport are primarily private, commercial flight training and business aviation. Weston Airport has one runway which is designated 07/25 and has a length of 924m. Weston Airport is located approximately 35km west of the Dublin Array, measured from the closest point of the development site boundary.

Page 114 of 220 675000 700000 725000

Dublin

5925000 Airport 5925000

LEGEND Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor Key Aviation Receptors

Weston Airport

Casement Aerodrome 5900000 5900000

Data Source:

PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Aviation receptors in the vicinity of Dublin Array VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 24/08/2020 Scoping BPHB LS

Newcastle DRAWING NUMBER: Aerodrome 26

SCALE 1:250,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N

0 10 20

Kilometres

Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community 5875000 5875000

675000 700000 725000 5.10.6 In Ireland, the IAA provides Air Traffic Services (ATS) and air traffic management services to aircraft flying within Irish airspace. The IAA operates a number of primary surveillance radar (PSR) and secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems positioned to provide maximum coverage of the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and surrounding airspace. The airspace above the Dublin Array is of operational significance to the IAA with aircraft climbing and descending to/from the country’s airports, en-route aircraft transiting through the airspace and the provision of alerting and SAR services. 5.10.7 Primary radar heads are located at Cork, Dublin and Shannon and provide radar coverage across most of the Irish airspace. Aircraft operating in the Shannon Flight Information Region (FIR) and Upper Information Region (UIR) are equipped with and operate a Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponder. There are several Monopulse SSR (MSSR) radar stations located in the country, including two stations at Dublin. Methodology

5.10.8 The study area will encapsulate the immediate Dublin Array with a Zone of Influence that captures:  Aviation PSR systems within the ROI that could potentially detect the largest turbines proposed which have a tip height of 308m (MHWS) within the offshore project area;

 Aerodromes and aircraft procedures including airborne Search and Rescue (SAR) operations that might be impacted by the construction and operation of the Dublin Array; and

 Military aviation operations.

5.10.9 Given the nature of the topic, initial consultation with the IAA was instigated early in the process to discuss the potential effects of the project on the east coast aerodrome Instrument Flight Procedures (IFP) and Communications and Navigation & Surveillance (CNS) infrastructure and will be ongoing throughout the project. Consultation commenced in July 2019 with the IAA Safety Regulation Division (SRD. A requirement for an IFP assessment was recommended to be undertaken for the project. 5.10.10 Formal consultation with statutory consultees, the Irish Coastguard (helicopters), the airports and aerodromes will be undertaken with the outputs of the IFP assessment and mitigation options to negate any effects on existing procedures at each location. Additional consultation will also be undertaken with the organisers of the Bray Airshow due to its proximity to the proposed development site. 5.10.11 Given the nature of the topic and in response to the consultation feedback from the IAA, the EIAR will be supported by two technical appendices:

Page 116 of 220  Aviation impact assessment – to identify and assess the potential effects of the proposed Dublin Array on aviation activities completed within the study area, and to provide a high-level baseline analysis for the identification of key risk areas; and

 IFP Assessment – This will consider any impact of the project on those sites with published IFPxxxiii: Dublin Airport, Weston Airport and Casement Aerodrome. The results of the IFP Assessment will inform the project design and will provide the basis of consultation with the IAA and to determine the maximum tip height that can be accommodated without affecting any published IFPs. Potential Impacts

5.10.12 The effects of WTGs on aviation interests have been widely publicised but the primary concern is one of safety. DCCAE 2017 guidelines identify the potential impacts relevant to offshore renewable energy projects and have been used to inform the scope of the assessment for Dublin Array. Consideration will be given to the following potential impacts on aviation interests arising from the proposed development and within each phase of development as presented in Table 17. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no source-receptor-pathway for that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development.

xxxiii Newcastle Aerodrome, approximately 11 kilometres (km) to the south west of the proposed development, does not have published IFPs and is therefore not considered.

Page 117 of 220 Table 17 – Potential impacts on aviation arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decommissioning

Physical Obstruction WTGs can present a physical obstruction at or close to an aerodrome or   in the low flying environment; and

Radar/Air Traffic Services (ATS) WTG clutter appearing on a radar display can affect the safe provision of an ATS as it can mask unidentified aircraft from the air traffic controller and/or prevent them from accurately identifying and  maintaining surveillance of aircraft under control. In some cases, radar reflections from WTGs can affect the performance of the radar system itself.

5.10.13 An assessment of cumulative and transboundary effects (as outlined in Sections 3.10 and 3.11 of this Scoping Report respectively) on aviation receptors will also be undertaken as part of the impact assessment process (where appropriate). Given the international nature of aviation transboundary effects are inherent within the assessment. 5.10.14 As all of the offshore export cable corridor will be below sea-level, there is no potential source/receptor pathway for an impact to arise on aviation interests and therefore no likely significant effects are predicted. 5.11 Commercial Fisheries Introduction

5.11.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of commercial fisheries receptors, and the intended scope of and approach to the assessment of impacts on these receptors.

Page 118 of 220 Policy and Guidance

5.11.2 The assessment will comply with the requirements of the EU EIA Directive 2011/92/EU, EIA Directive 2014/52/EU and the European Union (Planning and Development) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2018. It will also comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for commercial fisheries, as presented in Section 3.2. 5.11.3 In addition, the DCCAE Guidance recommends following established guidance of relevance to commercial fishing:  Economic Impact Assessments of Spatial Interventions on Commercial Fishing: Guidance for Practitioners. Second Edition (Seafish and UKFEN, 2013)75.

5.11.4 Fish and shellfish are identified within the DCCAE guidance as receptors under both biodiversity, flora and fauna and population, and human health for their commercial exploitation. In accordance with this, the baseline will be developed in parallel with the baseline for fish and shellfish ecology (and vice versa). Receiving Environment – Baseline

5.11.5 The location of the proposed turbine array is within the Irish Sea within International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) rectangle 35E4 and the offshore cable corridor (relating to each of the landfall zones) is located in 35E4 and 35E3, which represent the commercial fisheries study area for this scoping and the EIAR chapter (see Figure 27) 5.11.6 An initial review of ICES rectangle data indicates that Republic of Ireland vessels land the majority of catch, by weight, from both 35E3 and 35E4, although landings are also noted by Scottish, Belgian and Northern Irish vessels (see Figure 28 and Figure 29) 5.11.7 However, it is acknowledged that vessels which are under 10m, which forms the majority of the inshore fleet, are not required to complete logbooks and therefore their landing figures are not included in the EU DCF and Central Office data/ICES rectangle. To provide an adequate characterisation of the activities of these vessels, the appointed FLO will seek to understand the target species, landed quantities, seasonality and spatial distribution of the inshore fleets in operation across the region.

Page 119 of 220 650000 700000 750000 5950000 5950000

LEGEND Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor ICES Statistical Rectangle

35E4 35E3 5900000 5900000

Data Source:

PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Geographical overview of ICES rectangles

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 24/08/2020 Scoping BPHB LS

DRAWING NUMBER: 27

SCALE 1:500,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N

0 20 40

5850000 Kilometres 5850000

Service Layer Credits: Esri, Garmin, GEBCO, NOAA NGDC, and other contributors

650000 700000 750000 ENG FRA NIR 35E3 ENG 35E4 1% 0% 0% 0% SCO SCO 7% BEL 4% 8%

NIR 11%

IRL 76% IRL 93%

Figure 28 Proportion of landings by vessel nationality (2012-2016, EU DCF, 2019)

Average annual landings (tonnes) from 35E4 and 35E3 by country and species

Whelk

Other

Rays & skates

Sprat

Queen scallop

Plaice

Nephrops

Haddock

Scallop

Brown crab

Velvet crab

Blonde ray

Sole

Spotted ray

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

IRL NIR BEL SCO ENG FRA

Figure 29 Average annual landings (tonnes) from 35E4 and 35E3 by country and species (based on data from 2012-2016, EU ECF, 2019)

Page 121 of 220 5.11.8 As confirmed from on-going consultation effort and illustrated in Figure 30, whelk targeted by the inshore potting fleet is landed in the highest quantities and is consistently targeted in 35E4. Landings of this and other species is more sporadic in 35E3. It is noted that whelk is predominantly targeted by the inshore potting fleet and is therefore not included on the VMS data presentedxxxiv.The distribution of whelk potting fisheries around Ireland is represented in Figure 30 for vessels <15m in length. The wind farm array and export cable corridors are located almost entirely within these regularly fished whelk grounds. 5.11.9 VMS data indicates very little otter trawl activity across the project boundaries. Heavily fished areas for Nephrops, cod and plaice are located approximately 12nm north of the array boundary. Cod, plaice and mixed demersal grounds are also noted approximately 20nm to the east of the site, within the UK EEZ. 5.11.10 Initial consultation with the FLO, Marine Institute, SFPA and local fisherman indicated that the regional fishing fleet is characterised by approximately 30 vessels operating across the array area, as well as targeting other ground across the region. This includes, but is not limited to, vessels based at the following ports (from north to south): Howth, Dún Laoghaire, Greystones, Wicklow, and Arklow. 5.11.11 A dredge fishery targeting queen scallop is noted in the region. With fishing grounds adjacent to and slightly overlapping the south east portion of the array site, and within the export cable corridor associated with the Shanganagh potential landfall zone. This queen scallop fishery is targeted by Irish, Northern Irish and Scottish vessels. This will be investigated further, by exploring previous years VMS data and landing trends in the EIAR. No beam trawl activity has been found to occur across the project boundaries; the closest beam trawl grounds are approximately 10nm east of the array boundary. 5.11.12 Due to the commercial sensitivity of the information and following consultation with the vessel owners, the names of vessels, data specific to individual vessels and the locations of their specific individual fishing grounds will not be disclosed in the EIAR.

xxxiv As of 2012, all EU, Faroese and Norwegian vessels which exceed 12 metres overall length must be fitted with VMS units. Therefore, smaller vessels such as the inshore fleet are unlikely to be detected on VMS.

Page 122 of 220 400000 600000 800000 ¯

LEGEND Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor Whelk - Vessels <15m (Pot) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6

Data Source:

PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Distribution of Whelk

0 0 fisheries around Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 Drawn Checked

8 8 VER DATE REMARKS 5 5 1 09/09/2020 Scoping BPHB JD

DRAWING NUMBER: 30

SCALE 1:2,000,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N

0 50 100

Kilometres

Service Layer Credits: Esri, Garmin, GEBCO, NOAA NGDC, and other contributors

400000 600000 800000 Methodology

5.11.13 Comprehensive analysis of baseline datasets will be undertaken to characterise long-term (i.e. over several years) patterns in commercial fisheries activity across the study area defined by the ICES rectangles 35E4 and 35E3 (see Figure 27) to predict potential impacts upon future commercial fishing activitiesxxxv. 5.11.14 In order to understand fishing activity in waters adjacent to the project, baseline data will also be gathered and analysed for surrounding ICES rectangles. It should be noted that not all of the quantitative datasets identified below capture all fishing activity in the commercial fisheries study area. For instance, the VMS datasets only covers vessels ≥12m (ICES data). Therefore, given the location and inshore nature of the regional fishery, additional published data will be collated to provide a comprehensive insight into fishing activity undertaken in inshore areas. Fisheries baseline data will be collated from EU, national and regional sources and will include:  EU ICES landings data for rectangle 35E4 and 35E3 incorporating vessel nationality for the most recently available five-year period;

 EU Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture (EUMOFA) database, which includes first sale value of landings by member state the most recently available five- year period;

 ICES fishing intensity mapping, which includes shapefiles of VMS data for >12m vessels for all EU Member States by gear type. This will be key for determining what fishing and the level of activity across the array area and export cable route;

 ICES stock assessments, data will be collated for key species being landed, the stock assessments will provide useful basis for determining the status of stocks and relative importance to EU Member States;

 Marine Institute – Fishing Atlas and Stock Books; and

 SFPA latest fish landings data from for Howth and Dun Laoghaire ports.

xxxv ICES standardise the division of sea areas to enable statistical analysis of data. Each ICES statistical rectangle is '30 min latitude by 1-degree longitude' in size (approximately 30 x 30 nautical miles).

Page 124 of 220 5.11.15 Consultation with the commercial fishing industry will be undertaken to ground-truth available baseline data and gain further understanding of fishing activity, which will be particularly important for vessels <12m that are not represented in the VMS data sets). A FLO has been employed for the project to establish a positive working relationship with the fishing industry and to maintain dialogue during the project planning stage and the lifetime of the project through construction and operation. The FLO through consultation and engagement will develop a detailed understanding of the fishing community, species targeted and working practices and be in a position to understand any concerns related to the operation and maintenance of the project and associated survey and construction activities. 5.11.16 The targeted consultation strategy for this topic has commenced and includes:  Initial consultation instigated by the FLO and development team to establish effective communication;

 Meetings with fisheries organisations, including the South East Regional Inshore Fisheries Forum that represents the inshore fisheries interests;

 Individual port meetings with the local fishing industry to discuss proposed data sources to inform the EIAR, including vessels targeting whelk, crab & lobster and scallop, to present data assessment, ground-truth data and seek further data sources where appropriate and available;

 Second round of consultation with local fishing industry (whelk, crab and lobster potters) to discuss the fishing activities within the vicinity of the proposed development. It is anticipated that this consultation will involve the distribution of confidential questionnaires to inform the baseline on gear type, working patterns/seasonality, target species and distribution of activity;

 Email and telephone communication with other Fisheries Representatives: Irish South and East Fish producer’s organisation and the Federation of Irish Fishermen;

 Meetings with SFPA, BIM and the Marine Institute to acquire all available data; and

 Consultation with the processors sector.

5.11.17 To supplement the consultation effort, a commercial fisheries survey was undertaken in July 2019 on the request of the SFPA, to further understand the function of the Kish and Bray banks in relation to the local fisheries resource. The data/species recorded, as well as life-stage and abundance will be used to inform the baseline and will also feed into the baseline for fish and shellfish ecology.

Page 125 of 220 Potential Impacts

5.11.18 Impacts will be assessed separately for each commercial fishing fleet active in the study area, and where relevant, impacts associated with the array area and the offshore export cable route will be separately assessed. Table 18 presents the potential direct impacts that will be assessed for commercial fisheries arising from the development of the Project and within each phase of development. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no source-receptor-pathway for that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development.

Table 18 – Potential impacts on commercial fisheries arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decommissioning

Reduction in access to or exclusion from established fishing grounds during construction and decommissioning activity and from the physical presence of turbines when operational.    The effects of exclusion/reduced access will be assessed against the background of existing activity across the study area and adjacent grounds.

The potential for displacement leading to gear conflict and increased fishing pressure on adjacent grounds. Baseline data analysis and consultation will be undertaken in order to characterise commercial fisheries activity in the study area and    consider the dependence of fleets on grounds in the array area and offshore cable corridor, and access to alternative grounds. The nature and extent of displacement and implications for/of gear conflict will be assessed.

The potential for displacement or disruption of commercially important fish and shellfish resources. The effects of construction and decommissioning activities (including noise, suspended sediments etc) and operation and maintenance    (including electromagnetic fields and habitat alteration) on the commercially exploited resource and implications on the commercial fishing sector will be assessed. As this is considered a locally specific impact, cumulative effects will not be assessed.

Page 126 of 220 Project Phase The potential for the physical presence of infrastructure leading to gear snagging. PotentialStandard industry Impact practice and protocol (e.g. seabed infrastructure will be buried and/or marked on nautical charts) will minimise the risk of  gear snagging, however the potential nature of gear snagging and associated implications will be assessed. As this is considered a locally specific impact, cumulative effects will not be assessed.

Increased vessel traffic within fishing grounds as a result of changes to shipping routes and construction vessel traffic leading to interference with fishing activity. The effects of increased vessel movements and changes to navigational    routes will be considered in collaboration with the Shipping and Navigation chapter. As this is considered a locally specific impact, cumulative effects will not be assessed.

5.11.19 Where identified, the potential impacts of the proposed development on aquaculture will be assessed. 5.11.20 An assessment of cumulative and transboundary effects (as outlined in Sections 3.10 and 3.11 of this Scoping Report respectively) on the commercial fishing receptors will also be undertaken as part of the impact assessment process. 5.12 Infrastructure and Other Uses Introduction

5.12.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of existing offshore infrastructure (material assets) and other marine users. The section presents the intended scope of and approach to the assessment of impacts on material assets. 5.12.2 The potential impacts on recreational sailing, commercial fisheries and tourism are captured in Sections 5.9 and 6.10 of this report and will be detailed in the respective chapters in the EIAR. Policy and Guidance

5.12.3 The assessment will comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for material assets, as presented in Section 3.2. Whilst a wealth of literature exists for the consideration of offshore material assets, such as the DCCAE guidance (2017), there is not one document that brings together best practice in terms of data quality and coverage for the topic.

Page 127 of 220 5.12.4 This chapter of the EIAR will seek to assess the interdependent nature of activities in the maritime area (noting the exceptions stated above which will be assessed elsewhere in the EIAR) and the potential interactions with these activities and infrastructure and the proposed development. Whilst consideration of the National Marine Planning Framework will be intrinsic to all of the offshore chapters in the EIAR; this chapter will also focus on the use of maritime space under the Marine Spatial Planning context to ensure the suitability of the area of offshore wind development in relation to other activities and assets. Receiving Environment – Baseline

5.12.5 Table 4 of the guidance (DCCAE, 2017) identifies the material assets and other users which should be considered for assessment in an offshore renewable energy EIA. For completeness, a review of the draft National Marine Planning Framework has also been considered. The assets and activities have been considered in the scope of the EIA assessment. The identified assets and activities of relevance for the Infrastructure and other uses EIA assessment are:  Oil and gas infrastructure;

 Cables and pipelines;

 Aggregates;

 Dredging and disposal areas;

 Defence and Security (interactions with military exercise areas activity have been considered within this Scoping report);

 Other offshore wind farms and renewable energy projects;

 Carbon capture and storage and natural gas storage; and

 Waste water treatment and disposal.

5.12.6 The following maritime assessments and activities of relevance will be assessed within different EIAR chapters:  Aquaculture and fisheriesxxxvi;

 Ports, harbours and shippingxxxvii;

 Safety at Seaxxxvii;

xxxvi The potential impact on aquaculture and commercial fisheries will be assessed in the commercial fisheries EIAR chapter, see section 5.11 of this Scoping Report. xxxvii The potential impacts on shipping and navigation will be assessed in the Shipping and Navigation chapter, see Section 5.9 of this Scoping report.

Page 128 of 220  Sports and recreationxxxviii; and

 Tourismxxxviii.

5.12.7 Given the absence of a receptor-source-pathway for impacts to occur the following material assets types have not been considered any further:  Marine aggregates;

. At present, there are no licensed sites for marine aggregates in Irish waters and all aggregates used commercially have been extracted from terrestrial sources (Government of Ireland, 2019)76.

 Carbon capture and storage;

. In Ireland, using geological formations for the capture and storage of carbon is currently prohibited under S.I. No. 575/2011 – European Communities (Geological 77 Storage of CO2) Regulations 2011 . If necessary, further statutory provision enactment would be necessary to provide a legal framework for the utilisation of CCS in Ireland. The Kinsale gas fields, off the Cork coast, is subject to a feasibility assessment (at the time of writing) to develop Ireland’s first CCS. However , this site is sufficiently far from the proposed development that no source-receptor- pathway exists to enable interaction between the two activities.

 Natural gas storage;

. As identified in the draft NMPF the only operations natural gas storage facility is utilising the Southwest Kinsale gas field. There is a commercial proposal to construct a Liquefield Natural Gas terminal including the connect to the gas transmission system near Ballylongford, Count Kerry. Both of these developments are sufficiently distanced from the proposed development that no impacts are anticipated.

 Practice and Exercise Areas (PEXA).

. The principal charted areas for this purpose are off the northwest and the south coasts of Irelandxxxix (Irish Aviation Authority, 2015). The proposed development site is not located in a restricted military area; neither are there any such areas in the vicinity of the site.

5.12.8 The potential impact on aquaculture, seeded mussel beds in particular, will be assessed in the commercial fisheries EIAR chapter, see Section 5.11 of this Scoping Report.

xxxviii The potential impacts on recreational activities and tourism will be assessed in the Socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use EIAR chapter, see Section 6.10 of this Scoping Report. xxxix http://iaip.iaa.ie/iaip/Published%20Files/AIP%20Files/ENR/EI_ENR_5_2_EN.pdf

Page 129 of 220 5.12.9 Figure 31 and Figure 32 present the identified assets through analysis of publicly available data sources. A more detailed analysis will be undertaken for the characterisation of the baseline for the EIA.

Page 130 of 220 675000 700000 725000 750000

5950000 ¯ 5950000 Interconnector 2

Interconnector 1 East West Interconnector BT-TE1

Rockabill Telecoms LEGEND Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor Gas Pipeline Sirius South Emerald Bridge Cable 5925000 5925000 Celtix Connect Dumping at Sea Site Hibernia C $+ Oil Well ESAT 2 Western Arch Rowan Apollo I !( Waste Water Treatment Locations Discharge Locations Ringsend Wastewater !D Primary Treatment Works Extension !( !D Secondary ! Penrod 81 Hibernia D !D Storm Water Overflow Burford Bank

Shanganagh Waste !( Water Treatment Plant Zephyr 1 5900000 5900000

Data Source:

PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Geographical overview of marine infrastructure and disposal sites

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 24/08/2020 Scoping BPHB SM

DRAWING NUMBER: 31

SCALE 1:350,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N 5875000 5875000

0 10 20

Kilometres

Service Layer Credits: Esri, Garmin, GEBCO, NOAA NGDC, and other contributors

675000 700000 725000 750000 600000 650000 700000 750000 800000

Cooley Point Oriel

Braymore Point Clogher Head LEGEND

5950000 5950000 Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor North Offshore Wind Farm Irish Sea Array 5900000 5900000

Codling Wind Park

Codling Wind Park Data Source: Extension PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Geographical overview of Arklow Bank offshore wind farm developments

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 24/08/2020 Scoping BPHB LS 5850000 5850000

DRAWING NUMBER: 32

SCALE 1:750,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N Kilmichael Point

0 20 40

Kilometres

Service Layer Credits: Esri, Garmin, GEBCO, NOAA NGDC, and other contributors

600000 650000 700000 750000 800000 Oil and Gas

5.12.10 Oil and gas activity within the vicinity of the proposed development is limited to an active exploration licence (EL2/11) issued to Providence Resources Limited. The licence was extended in 2018 by the Minister of State for the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment to allow for the planning, consent and drilling of an exploration well on the Kish Prospect within the first phase of the Licence, the current licence expired August 2020, an update will be provided in the EIAR as appropriate. 5.12.11 As presented in Figure 31, four further oil well heads have been identified. These are defined as ‘Dry Holes’xl by DCCAE (2020)xli. Therefore, it is understood that these are historic and no longer active. However, this will be confirmed in the EIAR. Cables and Pipelines

5.12.12 Ireland is connected by several existing and proposed submarine power and telecommunications cables and gas pipelines to the UK, continental Europe and the USA. Through GIS analysis of publicly available data sources various, cables and pipelines in the vicinity of the study area have been identified (see Figure 31). 5.12.13 Two active submarine telecommunications cables make landfall in Dublin Bay - ESAT2 and Hibernia ‘D’. A proposed telecommunication cable is also proposed to make landfall in Dublin Bay (see Figure 31) the application was submitted in January 2020. 5.12.14 Two further active submarine telecommunications cables make landfall to the north of Dublin Bay - Hibernia ‘C’ and Sirius South. There is also a redundant submarine telecommunications cable (BT-TE1) which makes landfall to the north of Dublin Bay. 5.12.15 There are two gas interconnectors, Interconnector 1 and Interconnector 2, connecting the Bord Gáis network to the gas network in the UK. These come ashore at Gormanstown and Loughshinny, both to the north of Dublin. All of the above cables and pipelines with the exception of Hibernia ‘D’ connect Ireland to the UK and are routed in a north easterly direction from their landfall site. Hibernia D is approximately 1.8km and 1.7km from the proposed array and export cable search area respectively (see Figure 32). The location of all live and redundant cables will be presented within the EIAR.

xl The term "dry hole" was originally used in oil exploration to describe a well where no significant reserves of oil were found. This term is now often used to describe any fruitless commercial initiative. xli https://www.dccae.gov.ie/en-ie/natural-resources/topics/Oil-Gas-Exploration-Production/Pages/home.aspx

Page 133 of 220 Dredging and Disposal Sites

5.12.16 The Foreshore and Dumping at Sea (Amendment) Act 200978 makes it the function of the EPA to issue Dumping at Sea Permits. A number of active sites are located within the study area. Outer Dublin Bay to the west of Burford Bank is an existing licensed offshore disposal site used by Dublin Port to dispose of dredged material as part of the Alexandra Basin Redevelopment scheme (see Figure 31) 5.12.17 All capital and maintenance dredging works, with the potential to arise in cumulative effects with the proposed development will be identified and assessed within the EIAR. These projects will be identified during the production of the ‘long list’ and ‘short list’ of cumulative projects. However, it is understood that a capital dredge (Alexandra Basin Redevelopment) and numerous maintenance dredges have historically been undertaken in Dublin Bay. Offshore Wind Farms

5.12.18 There are a number of projects which have been identified by the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government and the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment as ‘Relevant Projects’ under Marine Planning and Development Management legislation. In addition to Dublin Array (the proposed development on Kish and Bray Banks which is the subject matter of this EIAR), the Relevant Projects which are anticipated to submit new development consent applications to An Bord Pleanála and in the Irish Sea include (from north to south):  Oriel (off Dundalk Bay);

 Northern Irish Sea Array (NISA) (to the north of Dublin Bay); and

 Codling I and II (on the Codling Bank adjacent to the proposed array area for this project).

5.12.19 It should be noted that the existing Arklow Bank Wind Park (where seven GE Energy 3.6 MW turbines are already installed) has an existing Foreshore Lease and the developers intend to further expand the site to 520MW capacity. 5.12.20 In addition, a number of other companies have submitted Foreshore Licence applications in the Irish Sea to progress site investigation works including from north to south):  Cooley Point (offshore Dundalk Bay) (Applicant: Hibernian Wind Power; Reference: FS006852);

 Clogher Head (off the coast of County Louth, at the southern extent of Dundalk Bay) (Applicant: Hibernian Wind Power; Reference: FS006787);

 Braymore Point (offshore Clogher Head, off the coast of County Louth, at the southern extent of Dundalk Bay) (Applicant: SSE Renewables, Reference: FS006973; and

Page 134 of 220  Kilmichael Point (offshore the eastern coast of Wexford) (Applicant: Hibernian Wind Power; Reference: FS006788). Waste Water

5.12.21 Within the vicinity of the proposed development are numerous waste water treatment works (WwTW) including Shanganagh WwTW and Ringsend WwTW (recently extended). Further details of these developments and any known point sources of waste water (see Figure 31) will be assessed in the EIAR both in terms of impacts to these assets and water quality. Methodology

5.12.22 For the purposes of this topic, the DCCAE guidance states that the study area for the assessment of material assets will not necessarily correspond with any ecological or visual zones of influence given the material assets are fixed in nature or occur within defined licenced boundaries. Given the fixed nature of these assets, the study area will identify the spatial footprint of the project and the potential for overlap with existing or potential fixed material assets. 5.12.23 For example, as the position of existing offshore cables and pipelines are well known, the study area can be reduced to those exact locations within the project development boundary. For each receptor described in this chapter, the spatial variability has been considered and an appropriate baseline description of that receptor’s study area is provided. 5.12.24 As part of the baseline and assessment of infrastructure within the EIA, a comprehensive desk study will establish the current status of known and planned infrastructure within the study area. The baseline characterisation will rely on data pertaining to existing licences or as-built infrastructure. The baseline will be defined through a detailed desktop review of existing and planned licences, studies, applications and datasets. In addition, GIS mapping of current or proposed operations and features will be undertaken. A timeline for future activities associated with existing or planned infrastructure will be established. 5.12.25 In addition to identifying relevant data sources, the guidance also identifies the need for early consultation with key stakeholders and other asset owners and developers. This is particularly relevant for fixed infrastructure to confirm the status of projects and to establish the spatial extent of any overlap with Dublin Array. This approach has been fostered for the Dublin Array with ongoing consultation with stakeholders to ensure all relevant baseline data sources are captured for current and planned infrastructure developments.

Page 135 of 220 Potential Impacts

5.12.26 Consideration will be given to the following potential impacts on material assets arising from the proposed development and within each phase of development as presented in Table 19. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no source-receptor-pathway for that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development.

Table 19 – Potential impacts on material assets arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decommissioning

Direct disturbance and damage to existing or proposed infrastructure. The impact of the proposed activities has the potential for physical disruption or damage to existing or proposed infrastructure. Owners    and operators of all infrastructure will be consulted and where appropriate legal agreements will be put in place to mitigate any impact on existing infrastructure as appropriate.

Indirect disturbance of assets. The impact of the project infrastructure may affect other operators’ assets, for instance affecting the thermal ratings of neighbouring  cables. Owners and operators of all infrastructure will be consulted to ensure appropriate and adequate separation distances are implemented (where appropriate).

5.12.27 An assessment of cumulative and transboundary effects (as outlined in Sections 3.10 and 3.11 of this Scoping Report respectively) on the offshore material asset receptors will also be undertaken as part of the impact assessment process. 5.12.28 Given the nature of this topic, as part of the design process for the array and export cable, a number of embedded mitigation measures are anticipated to reduce the potential for impacts on infrastructure receptors. These will evolve over the development process as the EIA progresses and in response to consultation and be integrated into the impact assessment.

Page 136 of 220 5.13 Marine Archaeology Introduction

5.13.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of known and potential underwater cultural heritage, including shipwrecks, across the project and within the wider context of the Irish Sea; and the intended scope of and approach to the assessment of impacts on marine archaeology. 5.13.2 This assessment will focus on maritime archaeology below MHWS and should be read in conjunction with Chapter 6.8: Cultural Heritage (Archaeology and Monuments). Policy and Guidance

5.13.3 The assessment will comply with the requirements of the EU EIA Directive 2011/92/EU; EIA Directive 2014/52/EU; the European Union (Planning and Development) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2018. It will also comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of marine archaeology, as presented in Section 3.2. 5.13.4 Relevant legislation, guidance and best practice will also be considered as part of the development of the project in relation to the compilation of EIAR; legislation and guidance specific to maritime archaeology are listed below:  National Monuments Acts 1930-200479 (as amended);

 Heritage Act 199580;

 Dumping at Sea Act 199681 (and various amendments);

 Planning and Development Act 200082 (as amended);

 Minerals Development Act 201783; and

 Frameworks and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DAHG), 1999)84.

5.13.5 In addition, a number of other guidance documents specific to the consideration of marine archaeology are available from jurisdictions/countries with established offshore renewable energy sectors. Where appropriate, the UK guidance for archaeological assessments has been chosen to supplement the existing Irish guidance on the basis of its close geographical, historical and cultural links as well as the recent increase in offshore renewable wind projects fully incorporating marine archaeological studies in the EIA processes. This guidance will be used to inform the assessment of the potential impacts and includes guidance and industry standard approaches to matters such as:

Page 137 of 220  Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA, 2014a)85;

 Standard and guidance for commissioning work on, or providing consultancy advice on, archaeology and the historic environment (CIfA, 2014b)86;

 Historic Environment Guidance for Offshore Renewable Energy Sector, Collaborative Offshore Wind Research into the Environment (COWRIE, 2007)87;

 Guidance for Assessment of Cumulative Impacts on the Historic Environment from Offshore Renewable Energy (COWRIE, 2008)88;

 JNAPC Code of Practice for Seabed Development (Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee, 2006)89;

 Model Clauses for Archaeological Written Schemes of Investigation, Offshore Renewables Projects, (The Crown Estate, 2010)90; and

 Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries: Offshore Renewables Projects, (The Crown Estate, 2014)91. Receiving Environment – Baseline

5.13.6 Dublin Array is located in the western Irish Sea Basin (ISB). During the Quaternary, much of Northern Europe experienced extensive ice-sheet cover during a number of glaciation events. The most recent of these glacial events was in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), c. 34,000 BP to 12,000 BP (Clark et al. 201292; Chiverrell et al. 201393). During this event, an ice-sheet, known as the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) merged across much of Britain and Ireland. The BIIS began forming in the northern and upland area before advancing across the landscape, both marine and terrestrial, creating various glacial environments where sediments were deposited or eroded depending on the stage of ice sheet advance or retreat (Scourse et al. 2019)94. 5.13.7 The BIIS extended into the Celtic Sea before collapsing with rapid marginal retreat to the northern ISB (Chiverrell et al. 2018)95. This retreat was largely a result of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), the largest marine terminating ice stream draining the former BIIS. The retreat of the ISIS is the single agent responsible for the glacial stratigraphy and geomorphology of the current ISB (Chiverrell et al., 2013)93. Significant amounts of sediment were eroded and reworked with variable thicknesses of glaciogenic deposits formed, referred to as ‘Irish Sea Till’, (Eyles and McCabe, 198996). These deposits are composed of shelly, grey and muddy, unsorted sediments with some angular clasts. By approximately 22,500 – 21,200 years before present (BP) the ice had retreated to a line just south of the study area. The ice sheet decayslowed thereafter with episodic meltwater discharge (Chiverrell et al., 2013)93.

Page 138 of 220 5.13.8 Following the retreat of the BIIS, relative sea-level rose c. 120m globally and the climate warmed at the beginning of the Holocene period, approximately 11,200 BP. Large areas of habitable land emerged and palaeogeographic and relative sea-level (RSL) models have indicated that the study area could have been terrestrial landscape as early as 11,000 BP (Sturt et al., 2013)97 through to 7500 BP (Shennan et al., 2008)98. 5.13.9 These expanses of land exploited by humans and animals were subsequently inundated and the palaeolandscapes were preserved beneath the Irish Sea. Within the study area, intertidal mud deposits have been recorded buried beneath the Kish Bank, c. -30m to -35m below Chart Datum, indicating the presence of palaeoshorelines (Westley and Edwards 2017: 265)99. Evidence for in situ intertidal peat beds and a submerged forest have been recorded c. 1km south of the study area, near Bray Harbour, Co. Wicklow. Further to this, a side scan sonar and magnetometer survey carried out in 2009 to inform the preparation of the Environmental Impact Statement (Saorgus Energy Limited, 2012; 2013a; 2013b)100 for the previous Foreshore Lease applications indicated a dark area that may represent a relict submerged landscape within the study area (Headland Archaeology, 2009: Appendix 11)101. 5.13.10 Previous site specific reviews (Saorgus Energy Limited, 2009, 2012; 2013a; 2013b)100 indicate there are 46 known wrecks, obstructions and documented losses within the Dublin Array study area. 17 wrecks are located within the export cable corridor (ECC), whilst the other 27 are located in the array area. Of these, only seven have been identified. Two additional wrecks are located just outside of the cable search area. The 2009 report (Headland Archaeology, 2009)101 also highlights the discovery of a log boat during pipeline excavations to the north of the study area and discusses the potential for Mesolithic and palaeoenvironmental material along the ECC. 5.13.11 At the time of writing, 56 wrecks have been identified within the Foreshore Licence area (9 identified; 47 unknown wrecks). All wrecks will be discussed and presented within the EIAR. Figure 33 present the wrecks identified within the array and export cable search areas

Page 139 of 220 690000 700000 710000

LEGEND Wind Farm Area and Offshore Cable Corridor Wreck Location 5910000 5910000

5900000 5900000 Data Source: Bathymetry data from Infomar

PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY OFFSHORE WINDFARM

DRAWING TITLE Identified ship wrecks within the proposed development VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 24/08/2020 Scoping BPHB SM

DRAWING NUMBER: 33

SCALE 1:125,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM WGS84 PROJECTION UTM29N

0 5 10

5890000 Kilometres 5890000

Service Layer Credits: Esri, Garmin, GEBCO, NOAA NGDC, and other contributors

690000 700000 710000 Methodology

5.13.12 A baseline of known or potential marine archaeological receptors will be collated within a study area across Dublin Array (comprising the array area and cable search areas) up to MHWS, to ensure overlap with the onshore archaeological works. In addition, sites from the wider area will be used to inform the archaeological and environmental context and to identify deposits of archaeological potential. 5.13.13 The key objectives for delivery of the EIAR chapter are to undertake a review of known and potential archaeological receptors within the study area and to summarise the environmental context and identify deposits of archaeological potential. Although a standard impact assessment will be undertaken, the approach will also outline mitigation methodologies and strategies to ensure that all identified and possible heritage receptors are protected in the long term. 5.13.14 The baseline will be informed via a detailed desktop study to identify all known or potential marine archaeological receptors within the study area. Key data sources will include; the Wreck Inventory of Ireland Database, Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), INFOMAR shipwreck database, wrecksite.eu database, Heritage Maps Viewer, archaeological excavations bulletin, topographical files provided by the National Museum of Ireland, as well as local relevant sources and other cartographic sources. 5.13.15 The desk based study will be supplemented by a geoarchaeological assessment that will review all available previously collected project specific geotechnical and geophysical data. A geoarchaeological assessment of all previously available data will be undertaken to provide an interpretation of the submerged deposits in relation to known information on archaeology and paleoenvironment within the study area and to characterise the potential for submerged terrestrial deposits and prehistoric features of archaeological importance. All geophysical and geotechnical survey works will be subject to geoarchaeological assessment. 5.13.16 The DCCAE guidance identifies the value of early consultation with statutory and non-statutory stakeholders to acquire and collate data to inform the environmental baseline assessment. Early consultation was initiated in May 2019 with the Underwater Archaeology Unit (UAU) of the DCCAE, and will be ongoing throughout the EIA process to ensure the approach to be undertaken with regards to the marine archaeology for Dublin Array - in terms of baseline characterisation, acquisition of data and assessment - is compliant with relevant guidance. 5.13.17 In addition to the baseline characterisation and impact assessment, the EIAR will be accompanied by a number of supporting appendices which seek to set out mitigation strategies to ensure that all identified and possible heritage receptors are protected in the long term. Principally these are the Written Scheme of Investigations (WSI) and a Marine Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries (PAD), outlined below:

Page 141 of 220  The Written Scheme of Investigation will develop the principles of archaeological mitigation and associated actions for all parties involved in the project. The WSI summarises the known and potential archaeology within the marine archaeological study area, expected impacts, and recommended archaeological mitigation methodologies. It will focus primarily on works required prior to and during construction, as these activities have the greatest potential to impact archaeological receptors, but consideration will be given to potential mitigation during the operational phase of the wind farm and during future decommissioning works; and

 The Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries will establish a project specific system for reporting any unexpected and incidental archaeological and historic finds where an archaeologist is not present or immediately available. Potential Impacts

5.13.18 A range of potential impacts on marine archaeology receptors have been identified which may occur during construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning phases of the project, as presented in Table 20. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no source- receptor-pathway for that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development.

Table 20 – Potential impacts on marine archaeology arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decommissioning

Total or partial loss of archaeological contexts Removal or disturbance of sediments containing previously undisturbed    archaeological contexts leading to total loss of the receptor during proposed activities.

Total or partial loss of archaeological receptors Proposed activities may result in loss of receptors through penetration    and compression effects on seabed.

Total or partial loss of archaeological contexts or receptors as a result of  scour effects arising from the presence of infrastructure.

Page 142 of 220 Project Phase Turbines, cables and associated infrastructure has the potential to impact archaeological receptors by exposing such material to natural, chemical or biological processes and causing or accelerating loss. Potential Impact 5.13.19 The impact assessment process will establish mitigation, which will include a review of geophysical survey (to be collected in subsequent stages of the proposed development) and monitoring data to gain a greater understanding of the archaeological resource. Identified features of value will be avoided through the establishment of Archaeological Exclusion Zones (AEZ) and any unexpected finds will be reported through a project specific Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries. 5.13.20 Given the nature of this topic, as part of the design process for the array and export cable, a number of designed-in measures are proposed to reduce the potential for impacts on known and unknown archaeological receptors, such as avoidance of receptors through the provision of AEZs. These will evolve over the development process as the EIA progresses and in response to consultation and be integrated into the impact assessment. 5.13.21 An assessment of cumulative and transboundary effects (as outlined in Sections 3.10 and 3.11 of this Scoping Report respectively) on the marine archaeology will also be undertaken as part of the impact assessment process (where relevant and appropriate).

Page 143 of 220 6 Onshore Specialist Topics 6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 The following section of the Scoping Report sets out the proposed scope and methodology to be adopted for the onshore specialist topics proposed to be included in the Dublin Array EIA. Each specialist topic includes the following contents:  Introduction - an introduction to the topic;

 Policy and Guidance – policy and guidance relevant to the topic;

 Receiving environment (baseline) - a summary description of the receiving environment relevant to the topic. For each topic the summary description of the receiving environment covers the onshore cable, sub-station and landfall options described in Section 2.

 Methodology - the proposed scope and methodology to be adopted;

 Potential Impacts – a description of the potential impacts to be included in the EIA; 6.2 Biodiversity Introduction

6.2.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach and methodology to collecting baseline information on biodiversity and the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts. Important ecological features of relevance to the onshore elements of the project are also identified in this section and on Figure 34. Relevant legislation, guidance and good practice will be considered when developing the scope of the Biodiversity Chapter of the EIAR. 6.2.2 Offshore biodiversity is addressed in separate sections of this Scoping Report as follows:  5.4 Benthic and Intertidal Ecology;

 5.5 Fish and Shellfish Ecology;

 5.6 Offshore Ornithology including impacts on inter-tidal birds; and

 5.7 Marine Mammals.

Page 144 of 220 Policy and Guidance

6.2.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for biodiversity, as presented in Section 3.2. 6.2.4 The main pieces of legislation relevant to scoping the onshore biodiversity chapter are as follows:  EIA Directive (2011/92/EU1 and 2014/52/EU2);

 Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)12;

 Birds Directive (2009/147/EC)13;

 Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)102;

 S.I. No. 477/2011 - European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 201114;

 Wildlife Acts 1976 - 2018103;

 Flora (Protection) Order 2015104; and

 Planning and Development Act 200082, as amended, and Regulations.

6.2.5 The following guidance documents are used in preparing this Scoping Report and will also be `used when preparing the onshore biodiversity chapter of the EIAR:  CIEEM (2018). Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the UK and Ireland: Terrestrial, Freshwater, Coastal and Marine. Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Winchester105; and

 Draft Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements (EPA, 2017)4. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.2.6 An initial desk study was carried out to identify sources of relevant ecological data that could inform the biodiversity section of the Scoping Report for the onshore project elements.

Page 145 of 220 6.2.7 The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) and National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC) online resources were accessed for information on sites designated for nature conservation and on protected habitats and species. Only records for the past 10 years are considered within this report as older records are unlikely to still be relevant given their age and the changes in land management that has occurred in the intervening period. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maps was accessed for other environmental information, such as surface water features, relevant to preparation of this report. 6.2.8 Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (BoCCI), published by BirdWatch Ireland and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Northern Ireland (NI), is a list of priority bird species for conservation action on the island of Ireland. The BoCCI lists birds which breed and/or winter in Ireland and classifies them into three separate lists; Red, Amber and Green; based on the conservation status of the bird and hence their conservation priority. Birds on the Red List are those of highest conservation concern, Amber List are of medium conservation concern and Green List are not considered threatened. The BirdWatch Ireland website was accessed for information on birds of conservation concern. 6.2.9 The conservation status of mammals is evaluated using one or more of the following documents; Wildlife Acts 1976 - 2018, the Red List of Terrestrial Mammals (Marnell et al., 2009)106 and the Annexes of the EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC12. Sites Designated for Nature Conservation

6.2.10 There are a number of sites designated for nature conservation within close proximity of the study area. These are included in the subsections below. European (Natura 2000) Sites

6.2.11 The European (Natura 2000) sites within or close to the study area are as follows:  Rockabill to Dalkey Island SAC 003000;

 Dalkey Islands SPA 004172;

 South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA 004024; and

 South Dublin Bay SAC 000210.

Page 146 of 220 Natural Heritage Area (NHA) and proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA)xlii

6.2.12 There are a number of sites designated, or proposed for designation, for nature conservation at a national level within or close to the study area. In some cases the extent of the pNHA is the same as the Natura 2000 site of the same name. There are no NHAs close to the study area. The pNHAs close to the study area are as follows:  South Dublin Bay pNHA 000210;

 Dalkey Coastal Zone And Killiney Hill pNHA 001206;

 Loughlinstown Woods pNHA 001211; and

 Dingle Glen pNHA 001207.

Terrestrial Habitats

6.2.13 The terrestrial habitats within the study area are reflective of the urban and suburban setting of the onshore infrastructure. The habitats within the study area are artificial, such as playing fields, roads and buildings, or semi – natural such as small areas of woodland, scrub and grassland. There are also a number of watercourses within the study area that have been heavily modified to facilitate development through canalisation and culverting. Protected, Notable and Invasive Species

6.2.14 Presented hereunder are selected species from the 10km grid squares O22 and O23, within which the study area is located. This list is not exhaustive but based on preliminary fieldwork and research the key species which are likely to be encountered on the project include:

xlii Proposed Natural Heritage Areas were published on a non-statutory basis in 1995, but have not since been statutorily proposed or designated. pNHA are subject to limited protection, in the form of Agri-environmental farm planning schemes and recognition of their ecological value by planning and licensing authorities.

Page 147 of 220  Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus  Badger Meles meles; pipistrellus;  Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris;  Soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus;  European hedgehog Erinaceus  Brown long-eared bat Plecotus europaeus; auritus  Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex  Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri; minutus;

 Daubenton's bat Myotis  Smooth newt Lissotriton daubentonii; vulgaris;

 Leisler’s bat Nyctalus leisleri;  Common frog Rana temporaria;

 Irish hare Lepus timidus subsp.  Otter Lutra lutra; and hibernicus;  Common lizard Zootoca vivipara;

6.2.15 There are also a number of records of amber and red listed bird species from the 10km grid squares O22 and O23. These species are almost all wading birds that visit the Dublin Bay area during the winter period. They include species such as:  lapwing Vanellus vanellus;

 bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica;

 black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa;

 brent goose Branta bernicla subsp. hrota; and

 golden plover Pluvialis apricaria.

6.2.16 The records also include records of species such as kestrel Falco tinnunculus and sky lark Alauda arvensis. There is a record of the non – native invasive species Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica from 10km grid square O23.

Page 148 of 220 Poolbeg Substation Grid ¯ Connection Point Potential Export Cable Landfall Zone

South Dublin Bay pNHA

South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA

Rockabill South Dublin Bay SAC to Dalkey Island SAC LEGEND Potential Infrastructure Zones

Dalkey Coastal Zone Offshore And Killiney Hill pNHA Special Area of Dalkey Islands SPA Special Protection Dalkey Coastal Proposed Natural Heritage Site Carrickmines Zone And Killiney Substation Grid Hill pNHA Connection Point

Potential Export Cable Landfall Zones

Loughlinstown Woods pNHA Potential Export Cable Dingle Landfall Zones Glen pNHA

Data Source: Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. National Parks and Wildlife Service https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites

Potential PROJECT TITLE Cable Route Corridor Zone DUBLIN ARRAY

DRAWING TITLE KEY BIODIVERSITY RECEPTORS WITHIN THE BIODIVERSITY STUDY AREA

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 8/24/2020 FIRST ISSUE RE AB

DRAWING NUMBER: FIGURE 34

SCALE 1:100,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM D_TM65 PROJECTION TM65

0 1 2 4

Kilometers Methodology

6.2.17 The surveys to inform the EIAR would be based on accepted standard practice and methodology. The survey approach will be based on the habitat survey and mapping guidance published by the Heritage Council. Habitats within the study area will be classified after ‘A Guide to Habitats in Ireland’ (Fossitt, 2000) 107. The dominant plant species present in each habitat type will be recorded. 6.2.18 Incidental sightings of birds, mammals or amphibians will be noted during the habitat survey. Trees or structures suitable for bat roosts and potential suitable bat foraging habitat will also be noted during the daytime habitat survey of the study area. Potential roosts / roost features and bat foraging habitat will be evaluated using the criteria set out in the Bat Conservation Trust (BCT) guidelines108. 6.2.19 The ecological evaluation and impact assessment approach used in this report will be based on the Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom and Ireland (“CIEEM guidelines”) (CIEEM, 2018)105. This ecological evaluation and impact assessment approach will also be used to prepare the Biodiversity Chapter of the EIAR. Potential Impacts

6.2.20 The potential impacts on terrestrial biodiversity are shown in Table 21. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so will not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this. This section will also consider the potential impact of the offshore infrastructure on onshore biodiversity. This will include any potential impact on bats arising from the offshore infrastructure. Impacts on inter-tidal birds are addressed in Section 5.6 Offshore Ornithology.

Page 150 of 220 Table 21 - Potential impacts on biodiversity arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decomissioning Temporary displacement of foraging wintering birds in intertidal areas  at landfall locations during the construction phase Temporary loss of habitat. This will also cover the associated    effecttemporary displacement of species Emissions to water during site investigations and installation of the  cable Temporary disturbance of breeding birds during the construction phase  Temporary disturbance of mammals during the construction phase  Collision of migrating bats with offshore turbines    Disturbance and / or loss of bat roosts during construction and operational phases (this is based on the understanding that there will   be no loss of suitable trees or buildings to facilitate construction) Permanent loss of habitat and permanent displacement of species on   cable corridors and landfall Operational impacts of onshore infrastructure on (terrestrial)  biodiversity Effects on Natura 2000 sites greater than 2 km from the study area where there is no ecological connectivity via surface water pathways or    landscape features such as hedgerows and treelines

6.2.21 No transboundary impacts on onshore biodiversity are anticipated.

Page 151 of 220 6.3 Land, Soils and Geology Introduction

6.3.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of land, soils and geology and sets out the intended scope of and approach to the assessment of impacts on land, soils and geology arising from the construction and operation of these aspects of the onshore components of the proposed development. 6.3.2 The section deals with effects on terrestrial land, soils and geology only. Effects in the marine environment are set in Section 5.2 Physical Processes and Marine Water and Sediment Quality. Policy and Guidance

6.3.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for land, soils and geology, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  Institute of Geologists of Ireland. Guidelines for the Preparation of Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology Chapters of Environmental Impact Statements (IGI, 2013)109;

 National Roads Authority. Guidelines on Procedures for Assessment and Treatment of Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology for National Road Schemes (NRA, 2008)110; and

 Waste Management Act (1996-2020)111 and associated Waste Management Regulations. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.3.4 Baseline information for the onshore land, soil and geology environment will comprise a description of existing land use, soil cover, subsoil deposits and geological formations along the proposed cable route and at the proposed landfall and sub-station locations. Baseline information on past and more recent, project-specific ground investigations will also be presented, together with information about geological heritage and aggregate potential in line with EIA guidance. 6.3.5 Baseline information on the receiving environment will be obtained from:  Historical Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) mapping to establish historical development patterns and former land uses;

 Historical geological field maps held by Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI);

Page 152 of 220  Available aerial photograhy;

 Teagasc / EPA Soil and Subsoil mapping (www.gsi.ie and https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/);

 Irish Soils Information System (www.teagasc.ie/soils);

 GSI Bedrock geology mapping (www.gsi.ie);

 GSI geotechnical borehole records and depth to bedrock mapping;

 Irish Geological Heritage Programme (www.gsi.ie);

 GSI Aggregate Potential Mapping (www.gsi.ie);

 OPW Report on 'Irish Coastal Protection Strategy (ICPSS) - Phase 2 (South East Coast)

 Review of any project specific GI / service trench data, geological cross sections and soil quality data sourced as part of the project design process);

 Field walkovers / inspections; and

 Consultation

6.3.6 The proposed onshore works will run through an urban / urban fringe environment where much of the available land has been subject to prior development, principally suburban housing with attendant transport infrastructure, schools, amenity areas and public parks. The possible landfall location at Poolbeg comprises infilled / reclaimed land and primarily hosts utilities and port related development. The lands at the western end of the Carrickmines grid connection option around Cherrywood and Carrickmines have only recently been opened up to development, and development works are ongoing across much of this section. 6.3.7 Soil mapping shown on Figure 35 indicates that much of the onshore study area runs though built-up, previously developed area and potentially sealed ground (identified as ‘Made Ground’). Where soil cover does occur along the cable route corridor, it principally comprises alluvial soils along watercourses, alkaline (calcareous) soils derived from limestone parent material (mainly east of the LUAS line) and acidic soils derived from granitic parent material (mainly west of the LUAS line). Soils are indicated to be well drained and only locally poorly drained, principally around Kilbogget Park. 6.3.8 Subsoil mapping indicates that alluvial soils occur around stream crossings and more extensively at the western end of the Carrickmines grid connection option and proposed sub- station location at Ballyogan landfill. Subsoil elsewhere predominantly comprises glacial till derived from either limestone or granitic bedrock. Published mapping indicates that bedrock occurs close to the surface around Junction 15 of the M50 at Carrickmines and at Brennanstown nearby.

Page 153 of 220 6.3.9 Bedrock geology mapping, shown on Figure 36, indicates that the Shanganagh landfall options and eastern end of the cable route corridor, through Shanganagh, Hackettsland and Ballybrack is underlain by the metamorphic rock of the Maulin Formation, described as dark blue-grey slate, phyllite and schist. Thereafter, the remainder of the cable route corridor and the proposed substation at Ballyogan is underlain by the Leinster Granites. The Poolbeg connection option is underlain by dark limestone and shale. 6.3.10 There is a designated geological heritage site at the proposed Shanganagh landfall options which comprises exposures of glacial deposits in the coastal cliffs between Killiney and Bray. 6.3.11 Aggregate potential mapping prepared by the Geological Survey of Ireland indicates that some potentially extractable aggregate resources occur particularly close to the coast at Shanganagh and around Cherrywood. 6.3.12 There are two former landfills at Kilboggett Park and Ballyogan and it is possible that municipal waste could be encountered in proposed trench excavations. The proposed onshore / terrestrial ground investigation will aim to establish the lateral extent and depth of such waste (if present) which may be encountered during the cable installation process. 6.3.13 In terms of land-use issues and the soil and geology environment, it is considered that the most sensitive receptors are likely to be land and soils in areas with little prior development history, where there is minimal anthropogenic (human) impact to date and minimal loss or degradation of in-situ soil or geology resources. The geological heritage site comprising cliff exposures of glacial deposits along the coastline between Killiney and Bray could potentially also be impacted by onshore development works.

Page 154 of 220 Poolbeg Substation Grid ¯ Connection Point Potential Export Cable Landfall Zone

South Dublin Bay pNHA

LEGEND

Potential Infrastructure Zones Scree

Offshore Array Till Derived from Cambrian Sandstones and Shales

Dalkey Coastal Zone Proposed Natural Heritage Site Till Derived from Granites And Killiney Hill pNHA Landfill Sites Till Derived from Lower Palaeozoic Sandstones and Shales Ballyogan Landfill

TLs, Till derived from limestones Former Landfill at Kilboggett Park

Till Derived from Metamorphic Rocks Superficial Geology

Peat Till Derived from Quartzites Dalkey Coastal Carrickmines Zone And Killiney Alluvium Urban Hill pNHA Substation Grid Eskers comprised of gravels of basic reaction Water Connection Point Dam Windblown Sands and Dunes

Embankment Potential Gravels Derived from Chert, Granite and Export Cable Limestones Gravels Derived from Lower Palaeozoic Landfall Zones Sandstones and Shales and Metamorphic rocks

Irish Sea Till Derived from Cambrian Sandstones and Shales

Irish Sea Till Derived from Limestones Loughlinstown Lacustrine Sediments Woods pNHA Potential Export Cable Marine Beach Sands Dingle Landfall Zones Esturine Silts and Clays Glen pNHA

Pier

Bedrock Outcrop or Subcrop

Data Source: Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. Geological Survey of Ireland https://data.gov.ie/dataset/quaternary-sediments

Potential PROJECT TITLE Cable Route Corridor Zone DUBLIN ARRAY

DRAWING TITLE SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY SURROUNDING THE STUDY AREA

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 8/24/2020 FIRST ISSUE RE AB

DRAWING NUMBER: FIGURE 35

SCALE 1:100,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM D_TM65 PROJECTION TM65

0 2 4 8

Kilometers §

§

Poolbeg Substation Grid ¯ Connection Point Potential Export Cable Landfall Zone

South Dublin Bay pNHA South Dublin BaypNHA

South Dublin BaypNHA LEGEND Dalkey Coastal Zone Dalkey Coastal Potential Infrastructure Zones Bray Head Formation And Killiney HillpNHA Zone And Killiney Offshore Array in Bray Head Formation HillpNHA Proposed Natural Heritage Site Devils Glen Formation Dalkey Dalkey Coastal Dalkey Coastal Zone Coastal Zone And Landfill Sites Ballysteen Formation Zone And Killiney And Killiney Hill pNHA Killiney HillpNHA HillpNHA Ballyogan Landfill Lucan Formation Former Landfill at Kilboggett Park Type 1 granodiorite Dalkey Coastal Bedrock Geology Type 3 muscovite porphyritic Zone And Killiney Anticlinal Axis Type 4 muscovite/microcline porphyr Dalkey Coastal HillpNHA Carrickmines Zone And Killiney Area Type 2e equigranular Hill pNHA Substation Grid Dyke Type 2p microcline porphyritic Connection Point Fault Aplite Dalkey Coastal Lithological boundary offshore Aghfarrell Formation Zone And Killiney Butter Mountain Formation HillpNHA § Synclinal Axis Glencullen River Formation # Thrust, barbs on hanging-wall side Maulin Formation Dalkey Coastal Zone X-Section Knockree Member Loughlinstown WoodspNHA And Killiney HillpNHA in Maulin Formation Loughlinstown Pollaphuca Formation Woods pNHA Potential Dingle Dingle Glen pNHA Export Cable

GlenpNHA Landfall Zones

#

#

# § Potential Export Cable Data Source: Landfall Zones Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. Geological Survey of Ireland https://data.gov.ie/dataset/gsi-bedrock-geology-100k-series-1100000

Potential PROJECT TITLE

Cable Ro#ute

§ Corridor# Zone DUBLIN ARRAY

DRAWING TITLE

§

# BEDROCK GEOLOGY SURROUNDING

#

# #

# §

# THE STUDY AREA #

# # VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked

1 8/24/2020 FIRST ISSUE RE AB #

§ §

# DRAWING NUMBER: # FIGURE 36

SCALE PLOT SIZE DATUM PROJECTION

# 1:100,000 A3 D_TM65 TM65 #

#

#

§ #

#

# 0 2 4 8 #

Kilometers

§

# #

§

#

# # Methodology

6.3.14 Baseline information in relation to the land, soil and geology environment will be obtained by way of a desk based review of the information sources identified above, followed by a walkover survey to inspect lands and soil / geology features (where visible) along the proposed onshore cable route corridor and at the proposed landfall and substation locations. 6.3.15 The walkover survey will provide an opportunity to ‘ground truth’ and verify ground conditions at key development locations and assist in the identification of impacts of past / recent development on land, soil and geology, most notably around Kilboggett Park (former landfill) and Ballyogan landfill. 6.3.16 All geological and geotechnical data gathered in the course of geophysical surveys, service trench excavations and intrusive ground investigations procured by RWE will also be reviewed and collated. 6.3.17 Consultations will be undertaken with the Geological Survey of Ireland in respect of geological heritage and with Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County Council in respect of the landfills sites at Kilbogett Park and Ballyogan. 6.3.18 The importance of any established land-use and or any existing soil / geological features or attributes will be determined in terms of their local, regional or national importance and the duration and scale of any development works which might impact them. Where impacts are identified as likely and significant, potential mitigation measures will be identified where possible to avoid or minimise the scale of any potential impact. The residual impact, following implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, will then be assessed. Potential Impacts

6.3.19 The potential impacts on land, soils and geology are shown in Table 22. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Page 157 of 220 Table 22 - Potential impacts on land, soils and geology arising from the proposed development

Potetial Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Direct and permanent change of existing land use potential where the onshore cable route corridor and /or associated development occurs on   largely undeveloped land Direct loss or dedradation of existing soil / subsoil cover where the planned development works occur on largely undeveloped land due to   excavation and removal / stockpiling, erosion, compaction and/or rutting Direct or indirect contamination of soil / geology resources as a result of leaks and spills from plant and equipment or management and handling    of potentially contaminated soil / wastes encountered in excavations, most notably around landfill sites Direct impact on ground support and stability arising from excavation of cable trenches near property assets / buried utilities, directional drilling   beneath road and rail infrastructure or the excavation of a cable trench across sloping ground at Ballyogan Landfill Direct and permanent impact on geological heritage site along coastal    cliffs, at or around the proposed cable landfall site Direct and permanent impact in sterilising potential aggregate resource   across areas of largely undeveloped land Soil and geology impacts arising during the operational stage of the proposed development (assuming no potential long term degradation of  cable and its surrounding insulation system).

6.3.20 No trans-boundary impacts on land, soils and geology are anticipated.

Page 158 of 220 6.4 Water (Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk) Introduction

6.4.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of the water environment (Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk) and the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts on the water environment arising from the construction and operation of the onshore components of the proposed development. 6.4.2 The section deals with effects on terrestrial water courses only. Effects on marine waters is set out in Section 5.2 Physical Processes and Marine Water and Sediment Quality. Policy and Guidance

6.4.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for water, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  Institute of Geologists of Ireland. Guidelines for the Preparation of Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology Chapters of Environmental Impact Statements (IGI, 2013)109;

 National Roads Authority. Guidelines on Procedures for Assessment and Treatment of Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology for National Road Schemes (NRA, 2008)110;

 European Communities Environmental Objectives (Groundwater) Regulations 2010 and amendments (S.I. 389 of 2011 and S.I. 149 of 2012)112;

 European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 and amendment (S.I. 327 of 2012)113;

 Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)102; and

 The Planning System and Flood Risk Management: Guidelines for Planning Authorities (DEHLG & OPW, 2009)114 Receiving Environment - Baseline

6.4.4 Baseline information for the onshore water environment will consist of a description of the water features present along the proposed onshore export cable corridor and at the proposed landfall and substation locations. Baseline information on hydrology, hydrogeology and flood risk will be identified, collated and presented in line with the above EIA guidance, and the sensitivity of the water features will be determined in terms of international, national or local importance.

Page 159 of 220 6.4.5 There are a number of river channels which run through the study area, shown on Figure 37, the main ones being the Shanganagh River, the Kill-O-The-Grange Stream and the Carrickmines Stream. The Carrickmines Stream is a sub-catchment of the Shanganagh River. 6.4.6 The scoping area is located in the Eastern River Basin Management District and are within the Avoca Vartry Unit of Management (UoM) no. 10 area, under the Water Framework Directive. 6.4.7 There is a Flood Risk Management Plan for the Loughlinstown area on the Shanganagh River which is being led by the OPW under the Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) plans. The remainder of the areas lie within the Dublin City Flood Risk Management Area and measures from this apply. 6.4.8 In terms of hydrogeology, the scoping area is within the Wicklow Groundwater Body (GWB) and the bedrock aquifer is classified as a locally important aquifer (Ll) along the coastal area around Shanganagh and is classified as a Poor Aquifer (Pl) across the remainder of the route further inland. 6.4.9 Tufa springs have been identified along the route option in hydrogeology and ecology reports relating to development proposals in the Cherrywood area. The springs will be fed by highly localised permeable limestone deposits within the glacial till subsoil deposit. The groundwater flow paths are expected to be relatively short within the subsoil deposit. 6.4.10 Baseline information on the receiving environment will be obtained from:  OSi mapping to establish former channel courses and any diversion/culvert works in streams and rivers;

 Office of Public Works (OPW) stream flow, fluvial and tidal flood risk data and flood modelling information including proposals under the OPW CFRAM for a flood relief scheme along the Shanganagh River at Loughlinstown;

 Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown Flood Relief Scheme for Deansgrange (Kill-O-The-Grange) Stream;

 GSI groundwater information;

 EPA consented abstractions, discharges and licences;

 EPA water quality results and WFD surface water status;

 River Basin management Plan (RBMP);

 Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) survey and water quality information; and

 Review local authority monitoring results (surface water and groundwater) for Kilboggett Park (former landfill) and Ballyogan landfill as there may be contaminated shallow groundwater associated with these former landfills which could be intercepted by construction works.

Page 160 of 220 6.4.11 In terms of the water environment it is considered that the surface water courses are likely to be sensitive receptors in terms of water quality, flooding (sensitive receptors) and the floodplain. Groundwater receptors include the identified Tufa Springs and shallow groundwater which has been in contact with the historical landfills at Kilboggett Park and Ballyogan. The bedrock aquifer is not considered to be a sensitive receptor for the purpose of this development. 6.4.12 Baseline information will be obtained from any ground investigation (GI) works conducted at Ballyogan for the substation and Kilboggett Park historic landfill. GI information will include strata encountered, groundwater levels and groundwater quality, where encountered.

Page 161 of 220 ¯

*# # LEGEND * Potential Infrastructure Zones Offshore Array Carrickmines Potential Landfill Sites Substation Grid )" Cable Route Connection Point Corridor Zone Ballyogan Landfill *# Former Landfill at Kilboggett Park Potential )" Gauging Stations *# Export Cable WFD Section 4 Discharges )" Landfall Zones *# Catchments *# Lakes )" Rivers

Potential *# Data Source: Export Cable Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. Landfall Zones Epa Geoportal https://gis.epa.ie/GetData/Download PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY

DRAWING TITLE KEY FEATURES WITHIN THE WATER STUDY AREA

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 8/24/2020 FIRST ISSUE RE AB

DRAWING NUMBER: *# *# *# FIGURE 37 SCALE 1:30,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM D_TM65 PROJECTION TM65 *# )"

)" 0 0.5 1 2

Kilometers *# Methodology

6.4.13 Baseline information in relation to the water environment will be obtained through desk study review of the sources of data set out in the previous section and walkover survey to inspect surface water and groundwater features (where visible i.e. springs) along the proposed onshore export cable route corridor and at the proposed landfall and substation locations to identify potential impacts of past / recent surrounding development and land use. The walkover survey will include the ground truthing of collated desktop data and will identify any potential flood risks or vulnerable land uses. 6.4.14 A separate Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) will be undertaken for the proposed development, which will be included in the EIAR and will be submitted in support of the development application for the proposed development. The FRA will be undertaken in line with the OPW guidelines on flood risk assessment for planning authorities. 6.4.15 Consultations with the prescribed bodies, including the OPW and IFI, will be undertaken as part of the baseline study along with Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, the local authority for the area. Potential Impacts

6.4.16 The potential impacts on water (hydrology, hydrogeology and flood risk) are shown in Table 23. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Table 23 - Potential impacts on water arising from the proposed development

Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Direct reduction in water quality through release of sediments and /or    accidental contamination of runoff which goes to a surface watercourse. Direct increase in flood risk may arise if development is undertaken    within the flood zone of a surface water course. It is possible that the cable infrastructure may be at risk of flooding or the development may

Page 163 of 220 result in increased flood risk elsewhere in the catchment Direct impact on flood defences may arise if development works, including cable laying, site works and river crossings compromise the    integrity of flood defences Direct impact on surface water drainage at the proposed substation site    could result in increased runoff and flood risk Direct impact on the groundwater tufa springs could result in a change in flow, water chemistry and the habitat or identified groundwater    dependent terredtrial ecosystem Direct impact on storm water drainage may arise if development works, including cable laying, site works and river crossings compromise the    integrity of storm water drainage. Groundwater Impacts on the underlying aquifer in terms of groundwater volumes and quality with the GSI and EPA as the cables are sealed with    no emissions to ground. 6.4.17 No trans-boundary impacts on water (hydrology, hydrogeology and flood risk) are anticipated.

6.5 Air Quality and Climate Change Introduction

6.5.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of the air quality and climate change and the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts arising from the construction, operation and decommissioning of the proposed development. Policy and Guidance

6.5.2 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment air quality, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  Air Quality Standards Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 180 of 2011)115;

 Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Evaluating Their Significance’ (IEMA, 2017)116

 Assessment of dust from demolition and construction sites (IAQM, 2014)117;

 Air Quality Monitoring in the vicinity of Demolition and Construction Sites (IAQM, 2018)118;

 Climate Change Resilience and Adaption’ (IEMA, 2020)119;

Page 164 of 220  Guidance on the assessment of the air quality impacts of development on designated nature conservation sites prepared by the Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM, 2019120;

 European Union (Medium Combustion Plant) Regulations 2017121; and

 Local Planning Policy (DRLCC) in relation to Air Quality Objectives. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.5.3 A desk study for baseline information on the receiving environment will be carried out. Baseline information for the onshore air and climate environment will consist of a description of the study area, air quality conditions around the application site, weather data in respect of the study area and climate data including any projections regarding climate change. 6.5.4 The EPA website will be examined to note information on baseline air monitoring data around the application site (http://www.epa.ie/air/quality/data/). Met Eireann, the National Meteorological Service, will be consulted in relation to the climate / weather (local wind speed and direction, rainfall) data in respect of the study area (http://www.met.ie). 6.5.5 Information published on its website by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) (http://webgis.npws.ie/npwsviewer/), (part of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government, DoECLG), will be examined in respect of designated ecological sites, protected habitats and species will also be also reviewed, together with Ordnance Survey maps and aerial photography (http://map.geohive.ie/mapviewer.html) review for sensitive receptors. Methodology

6.5.6 The assessment will set out the likely significant effects arising from each of the activities associated with the proposed development which are likely to generate air quality and climate change impacts. 6.5.7 Air quality impacts will comprise the following emissions sources:  emissions from earthworks and trackout;

 emission from trenching, soils stockpiling, placement and restoration;

 emissions from sub-stations comprising emissions from back-up generator plant;

 PM10 contribution from operational activities;

Page 165 of 220  Emissions from construction of the offshore array and export cable route. Whilst these emmissions are expected to be negligible appropriate evidence will be included in the EIAR to support this; and

 Atmospheric emissions associated with the exhaust emissions from HGVs around the application site during the construction and operation of the proposed development.; Any possible risk presented by accumulation of radon gas.

6.5.8 With regard to releases of dust from construction and operation of the proposed development the classifications of PM10 and ‘deposited dust’ will be applied. The impacts associated with PM10 are likely to be related to potential health impacts while deposited dust is likely to be related to potential nuisance effects. The assessment of the potential impacts of each fraction will therefore be undertaken separately. Following the results of the assessment, if necessary mitigation measures will be set out and the residual impact assessed. 6.5.9 The proposed approach to assessing the potential impact of the proposed development on climate would be undertaken in accordance with the IEMA guidance ‘Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Evaluating Their Significance’ (2017)116. This guidance sets out a ‘good practice’ approach to achieving a proportionate assessment of a development’s potential impact on climate and presenting these results in terms of a percentage contribution relative to carbon budgets together with appropriate mitigation. The assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would be presented in this assessment. 6.5.10 The effect of Climate Change on the proposed development would be undertaken in accordance with the IEMA guidance ‘Climate Change Resilience and Adaption’ (2020)’119, which presents a framework for the consideration of climate change resilience and adaption in the EIA process. Consistent with the guidance, climate change concerns in relation to the proposed development would be idententified through the use of future climate projections. The results would include projections of climate change adaptation measures and adaptive management. Potential Impacts

6.5.11 The potential impacts on air quality and climate change are shown in Table 24. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Page 166 of 220 Table 24 - Potential impacts on air quality arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decomissioning Direct and temporary reduction in air quality from releases of dust in the immediately surrounding the area during construction  activities. Direct and temporary reduction in air quality from increase in 24- hour mean PM10 concentration immediately surrounding the area  during construction activities Atmospheric emissions associated with the exhaust emissions from heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) around the application site during the    construction and operational stage of the onshore aspects (based on number HDV / heavy good vehicle (HGV) traffic movements) Air quality impacts arising from the construction and operation of    the proposed wind farm and offshore export cable. Air quality impacts arising from the operation of back up generation  plant at the OSS. Climate change impacts arising from the construction and    operation of the proposed development. Effects of climate change on the project.    Other possible air quality impacts – e.g. accumulation of radon gas    in strutures or workings 6.5.12 Atmospheric emissions related to the proposed development would be primarily associated with the exhaust emissions from HDVs. The decision whether to undertake an air quality assessment of these emmissions would be based upon the criteria set out in LA 105 – Air Quality within the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB)122. 6.5.13 The criterion for assessment of air quality contained within the latest DMRB guidance (207/07) focuses on roads with relatively high changes in flows or high proportion of HDV / HGV traffic. Affected roads are defined as those that meet any of the following criteria:  road alignment will change by 5m or more; or

Page 167 of 220  daily traffic flows will change by 1,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) movements or more; or

 HDV / HGV flows will change by 200 AADT or more; or

 daily average speed will change by 10 kilometres per hour (km/hr) or more; or

 peak hour speed will change by 20km/hr or more.

6.5.14 A review of the project description would be undertaken at the EIA stage to determine if the proposed development falls below these thresholds. 6.5.15 No trans-boundary impacts on air quality are anticipated.

6.6 Noise and Vibration Introduction

6.6.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the intended scope to the assessment of noise and vibration impacts arising from the construction and operation of the onshore components of the proposed development. 6.6.2 The section also sets out the proposed approach to assessing the impacts of airborne noise and vibration impacts arising from the construction and operation of the proposed offshore array. Underwater noise and vibration impacts arising from the wind farm are considered in Section 5.3 Underwater Noise. Policy and Guidance

6.6.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for noise and vibration, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  AQTAG09 (Air Quality Technical Advisory Group 09), Guidance on the effects of industrial noise on wildlife123;

 British Standard 7445:1991 ‘Description and measurement of environmental noise Part 2: Guide to the acquisition of data pertinent to land use’124;

 British Standard BS 4142:2014+A1:2019 ‘Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound’125;

Page 168 of 220  BS5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 1: Noise126;

 BS5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration127;

 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), (2020), Volume 11 (Environmental Assessment), Section 3 (Environmental Assessment Techniques), Part 7 (HA 213/08 – Noise and Vibration)128;

 The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms’, The Working Group on Noise from Wind Turbines, ETSU Report for the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), ETSU- R-97, 1996ETSU-R-97129;

 Institute of Acoustics (IoA) Good Practice Guide (GPG), A Good Practice Guide (GPG) to the Application of ETSU-R-97 for the Assessment and Rating of Wind Turbine Noise, 2014130;

 European Commission Directive 2000/14/EC8131;

 ISO 9613-2:1996-2 ‘Acoustics - Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors - Part 2: General method of calculation’132;

 Offshore Technology Report: Noise and Vibration OTO 068/2001133;

 The Guidelines for Environmental Noise Impact Assessment, produced by the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA), (October 2014)134;

 The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels ‘Control of Noise at Work’ Regulations (2007)135; and

 World Health Organisation (WHO) Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region – Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments, 2018136. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.6.4 A desk-top review of the existing data and baseline information will be undertaken and supported by survey work and measurements of the baseline noise environment at onshore receptors along the proposed onshore cable route (at selected locations where prolonged works will take place) the proposed landfall/TJB location and proposed substation at Ballyogan and coastal receptors potentially impacted by offshore construction works.

Page 169 of 220 Methodology

6.6.5 A desk-based study to identify noise and vibration sensitive receptors will be undertaken and where appropriate baseline measurements will be made at representative noise-sensitive receptors (NSR) locations. 6.6.6 Survey work will comprise measurements at up to four receptor locations for a period of one week, to capture daytime, evening, night-time and weekend periods to gather representative data over operational hours. A site visit will be undertaken to install and collect the sound level meters; but would be largely unattended with meters in secure locations. 6.6.7 Shorter-term survey work will be undertaken at key locations identified along the onshore cable route and landfall, for a minimum period of one hour during the daytime. Where possible and where it is considered helpful to inform the baseline, noise data gathered for existing permits or planning permissions will be reviewed. 6.6.8 The noise levels associated with construction of the substation/s at the TJB and along the cable routing including any special crossings will be predicted at the identified NSRs implementing the proprietary noise modelling software CadnaA®, which incorporates the calculation methodology outlined in BS5228:2009+A1:2014126,127 6.6.9 Similarly, the specific sound levels generated by construction traffic movements travelling to and from the sub-station/s, to the TJB and along the cable route will be predicted at the properties using CadnaA® and the calculation methodologies contained in BS5228:2009+A1:2014126,127. 6.6.10 The specific sound levels generated by construction activities will be predicted at the ecological receptors using CadnaA® and the calculation methodologies contained in BS5228:2009+A1:2014126,127. The predicted noise level would be assessed at the nearest ecological receptors in conjunction with AQTAG09123. 6.6.11 Vibration associated with construction of the substation/s, the TJB and along the cable routing will be considered in accordance with BS5228:2009+A1:2014127 at the vibration-sensitive receptors. 6.6.12 The noise levels associated with the operation of the substation will be predicted at the identified NSRs implementing the proprietary noise modelling software CadnaA®, which incorporates the calculation methodology contained in ISO 9613-2:1996-2132. 6.6.13 The predicted noise levels would be assessed at the nearest noise-sensitive receptors in conjunction with BS4142:2014+A1:2019125. 6.6.14 The noise levels associated with the operation of the substation will be predicted at the ecological receptors using CadnaA® and the calculation methodologies contained in ISO 9613- 2:1996-2132 would be utilised. The predicted noise level would be assessed at the nearest ecological receptors in conjunction with AQTAG09123.

Page 170 of 220 6.6.15 The noise levels of the operational offshore wind farm will be predicted in accordance with the guidance provided in ETSU-R-97129 and the IOA GPG130. Additionally, it is proposed that the specific sound level of the source be assessed against the limits stated in the WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region – Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments136. 6.6.16 For offshore receptors, assessments will be in accordance with The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2007135 for occupational receptors and the Offshore Technology Report 2001133 for offshore accommodation receptors. Potential Impacts

6.5.11 The potential noise and vibration impacts are shown in Table 25. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Table 25 - Potential noise and vibration impacts arising from the proposed development

Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Temporary increase in noise and vibration due to onshore cable route   construction and landfall/TJB Temporary increase in noise and vibration due to onshore substation   construction Temporary increase in noise levels due to construction traffic   Temporary increase in noise and vibration due to offshore construction   activities Temporary increase in noise due to construction activities on wildlife   Operation of the onshore substation on the nearest noise sensitive  receptors

Page 171 of 220 Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning

Operation of the onshore substation on wildlife  Operation of the offshore wind farm on the nearest noise sensitive  receptors Vibration effects arising from the operation of the substation  Noise and vibration effects associated with the operation of the  underground cable 6.6.17 No trans-boundary impacts on noise and vibration sensitive receptors are anticipated.

6.7 Traffic and Transport Introduction

6.7.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of land based traffic and transportation receptors of relevance to the onshore components of the proposed development, key features are shown on Figure 38. It sets out the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts on these receptors. 6.7.2 The section deals with land-based receptors only (i.e. roads, footways, cycle paths, rail). Shipping and Navigation are dealt with in Section 5.9 and Aviation in Section 5.10. Policy and Guidance

6.7.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for traffic and transport, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  PE-PDV-02045 Traffic and Transport Assessment Guidelines, (Transport Infrastructure Ireland, May 2014)137.

Page 172 of 220 Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.7.4 Baseline information for the onshore traffic and transport environment will consist of a description of the traffic and transport environment present along the proposed onshore export cable corridor and at the proposed landfall and substation locations. Baseline traffic and transport information will be identified, collated and presented in line with the above EIA guidance, and the sensitivity of the traffic aspects will be determined. 6.7.5 The following baseline information will be obtained:  Traffic data on the national roads from Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII);

 Traffic data on the local roads from Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council Roads (DLRCC) Department;

 New traffic data may be collected on Ballyogan Road to assess the impact of the vehicles associated with the substation construction site. However, given the current Covid-19 pandemic, which has impacted traffic levels, traffic data may not be representative and therefore, if required, relevant traffic data may be derived from recent planning applications in the vicinity of the substation construction site;

 Existing bus, rail and Luas routes and cycle path networks serving the study area;

 Collison data on the highway network form the Road Safety Authority;

 Details of extant permissions (committed development) and associated traffic flows in the study area;

 Details of sensitive receptors (such as junctions operating over capacity, or local residential roads, such as those at Shanganagh Cliffs); and

 Details of Abnormal Indivisible Load (AIL) routes.

Page 173 of 220 ¯ M50

Poolbeg Inset Poolbeg Substation Grid Connection Point

Potential Export Cable Landfall Zone

LEGEND Potential Infrastructure Zones R118 Offshore Array #* Existing Traffic Count Locations R117 M50 Motorways and National Primary Road Regional Roads Local Roads Dublin Rosslare Railway Line Stations LUAS Line Stations Dublin Rosslare Railway Line LUAS Railway Line Poolbeg Access Route N11 R116 M50 Carrickmines R119 Substation Grid #* Data Source: Connection Point Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. Transport Infrastructure Ireland R118 Potential https://data.gov.ie/organization/transport-infrastructure-ireland?q=&sort=score+desc%2C+metadata_modified+desc Export Cable PROJECT TITLE Landfall Zones DUBLIN ARRAY

#* DRAWING TITLE

R117 KEY TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT R837 Poolbeg Insert Potential Export Cable FEATURES M50 R116 #* Landfall Zones VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 8/25/2020 FIRST ISSUE RE AB Potential Cable Route Corridor Zone Poolbeg DRAWING NUMBER: #* FIGURE 38 Substation Grid Potential Connection Point Export Cable SCALE 1:80,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM D_TM65 PROJECTION TM65 Landfall Zone

M11

R118

0 0.5 1 2

N11 Kilometers Methodology

6.7.6 The approach to assessment will be as follows:  A review of the existing and future transport infrastructure in the vicinity of the proposed development, including an assessment of baseline traffic flows and traffic forecasts during an assumed construction year to be confirmed;

 A description of the nature of Dublin Array and the traffic volumes that it will generate during the different construction stages and when it is operational;

 A description of the vehicle types that will require access to the sites;

 A review of the traffic and transport impacts of Dublin Array on the proposed delivery routes (link flows and junction capacity);

 An identification of mitigation measures; and

 An assessment of residual impacts. Potential Impacts

6.7.7 At this stage, the traffic and transport assumptions regarding the construction phase of the onshore elements of the proposed development are as follows:  Deliveries by HGV to the construction sites, from the M50 and M11/N11;

 There will be a series of construction compounds with direct access onto the local road network. These include the landfall / TJB and substation, with smaller works areas at the major crossings. The majority of HGV and Light Goods Vehicle (LGV) movements will be to and from these sites. The location of these is to be determined upon selection of the preferred route and the substation locations;

 Access routes on the local road network will be identified and agreed with stakeholders between these compounds and the M50 and M11/N11; and

 A trenchless installation technique (e.g. Horizontal Directional Drilling) will be used underneath the railway and the M50 and N11.

Page 175 of 220 6.7.8 The potential impacts for traffic and transportation to be considered in the EIA are presented in Table 26. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant impact is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Table 26 - Potential impacts on traffic and transport arising from the proposed development

Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Temporary disruption to users of roads from cable installation work in   roads, and adjacent footways Temporary disruption of users of cycle paths from cable installation work   in or adjacent to cycle paths Temporary increase in the additional traffic movements that will be generated by the proposed development (including O&M base) during   the construction phase. Temporary delays to other traffic as a result of the additional traffic movements that will be generated by the proposed development   (including O&M base) during construction (including the delivery of any AILs) Temporary impacts on road safety as a result of the additional traffic movements that will be generated by the proposed development   (including O&M base) during construction Traffic Noise - considered in Noise and Vibration chapter (Chapter 6.6).    Disruption to the train or Luas services – It is proposed to use HDD under the railway and potentially the Luas tracks (or else crossing Luas by an   existing bridge crossing). Operation of cable route, TJB and substation- negligible number of associated vehicles on the highway network, with none for the majority  of the time. As set out in Section 2.4, operational vehicle movements associated with the substation are expected to involve six to eight visits

Page 176 of 220 Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning per month by ESB personnel, quarterly inspection site visits and maintenance visits when required Operation of O&M base – traffic effects associated with operation of the  O&M base.

6.7.9 No trans-boundary traffic and transportation effects are anticipated.

6.8 Cultural Heritage (Archaeology and Monuments) Introduction

6.8.1 This section of Scoping Report sets out the approach to characterisation of terrestrial archaeology and cultural heritage receptors of relevance to the onshore and offshore components of the proposed development. It sets out the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts on these receptors, including the indirect impacts arising from the proposed wind turbines. 6.8.2 The section deals with terrestrial receptors only. Marine Archaeology is presented in Section 5.13. Policy and Guidance

6.8.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for cultural heritage, as presented in Section 3.2. 6.8.4 The key relevant statutes and guidance include:  The National Monuments Acts 1930 to 200479 (as amended); and

Page 177 of 220  Heritage Act80;

 Legislation for the protection of archaeological heritage in Ireland is based on the National Monuments Acts 1930 and amendments of 1954, 1987, 1994 and 200479. These acts are the principal statutes governing the care of monuments in the Irish Republic. They provide for the protection of national monuments through the use of preservation orders.

6.8.5 Monuments are protected under the National Monuments Acts in a number of ways:  National Monuments in the ownership or guardianship of the Minister or a local authority;

 National Monuments, which are subject to a preservation order;

 Historic monuments or archaeological areas recorded in the Register of Historic Monuments; and

 Monuments recorded in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP). The Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended)

6.8.6 Under planning legislation, each local authority is obliged to draw up a Development Plan setting out their aims and policies over a five-year period covering arange of issues including archaeology and built heritage and, setting out their policies and objectives with regard to the protection and enhancement of both. The Act recognises that proper planning and sustainable development includes the protection of the archaeological heritage. The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Valletta Convention), 1997

6.8.7 In 1997 the Republic of Ireland ratified the Council of Europe, European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (the ‘Valletta Convention’)138. Obligations under the Convention include: provision for statutory protection measures, including the maintenance of an inventory of the archaeological heritage and the designation of protected monuments and areas. The County Development Plans

6.8.8 The County Development Plans for the area most likely to be affected by the visibility of the turbines, with potential direct impacts from onshore electrical construction works being limited to the DLRCC area, are as follows:  Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County Council;

Page 178 of 220 . Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Development Plan, 2016-2022.

 Dublin City Council;

. The Dublin City Development Plan 2016-2022.

 Fingal County Council;

. Fingal Development Plan 2017-2023.

 Wicklow County Council;

. Wicklow County Development Plan 2016 – 2022. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.8.9 As appropriate the baseline survey and impact assessment will be guided by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment. Further guidance from international conventions/declarations, and associated guidance on the setting of heritage assets, will also be used for undertaking the detailed assessment. 6.8.10 It is proposed that the assessment will employ two study areas. The first of these will be for the direct and indirect impacts for onshore monuments comprising the onshore cable route and substation and will be referred to as ‘the inner study area’. The second will be used for assessing the indirect visual impacts from the offshore turbines and will be referred to as ‘the wider study area’. Key features surrounding these study areas are shown on Figure 39. 6.8.11 It is proposed that the inner study area for the assessment will be developed in line with the onshore cable route and ZTV for the proposed substation. Once developed this will allow sufficient understanding of the local historic environment to make an assessment of the significance of known monuments, and the potential for currently unknown sites to occur, within the boundary of construction groundworks. The buffer around groundworks (100m for the substation and 50m either side of the cable corridor. These buffers will extend from the redline area of the development and will allow analysis of direct effects to be carried out on all monuments within the inner study area. A ZTV will define the study area and identify those assets that could be affected around the sub-station. 6.8.12 The extent of the wider study area will be defined through analysis of the zone of theoretical visibility (ZTV) of the offshore wind turbines as this is developed. It is proposed that the assessment for the potential onshore visual impacts from the offshore turbines will be limited to specific assets whose heritage significance is related to maritime and long distance views that might be changed by the proposed offshore array such as port facilities, lighthouses, castles or hillforts. 6.8.13 Baseline information on the receiving environment will be obtained from:

Page 179 of 220  the National Monuments Service (NMS) Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) and Record of Monuments and Places; the NMS lists of National Monuments and those subject to Preservation Orders;

 the relevant planning authorities’ Records of Protected Structures (RPS);

 the relevant planning authorities’ lists of National Monuments in the ownership or guardianship of the local authority;

 the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH);

 Excavations Bulletin; and

 the relevant planning authorities Local Development Plans and existing EIA studies.

Page 180 of 220 ¯ Poolbeg Insert

Poolbeg Substation Grid Connection Point LEGEND Potential Export Cable Potential Infrastructure Zones Landfall Zone National Monument within Study Area Potential Cable Route National Monument Outside Study Area Carrickmines Corridor Zone Substation Grid National Inventory of Architectural Connection Point Heritage Outside Study Area

Potential Export Cable Landfall Zones

Potential Data Source: Export Cable Ordnance Survey data © Ordnance Survey Ireland. All rights reserved. Licence number 25335584. Landfall Zones Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community PROJECT TITLE DUBLIN ARRAY

DRAWING TITLE KEY FEATURES SURROUNDING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE INNER STUDY AREA

VER DATE REMARKS Drawn Checked 1 8/25/2020 FIRST ISSUE JRS TM

DRAWING NUMBER: FIGURE 39

SCALE 1:30,000 PLOT SIZE A3 DATUM D_TM65 PROJECTION TM65

0 0.375 0.75 1.5

Kilometers Methodology

6.8.14 The archaeology and cultural heritage team will use a staged process to assess potential impacts on heritage assets. This will commence with an assessment of potential direct impacts on heritage assets. This will include determining the likely extent of physical harm to known heritage assets, and the potential for unknown heritage assets to be impacted upon. 6.8.15 The second stage will identify indirect impacts on designated assets where proposed works within their setting might lead to adverse change to their heritage. This will address the effects from the operational turbines and the onshore works. 6.8.16 As part of the desk study the following processes will be applied:  review the application cable corridor, landfall/TJB, substation and other main elements of the scheme so that spatial and vertical parameters are known; decide what direct and indirect impacts will require assessment;

 data for analysis will consist of the location of recorded heritage assets within the development boundary, derived from National Monument Service;

 utilise the gathered data for known heritage assets;

 gather additional data such as aerial photographs; historic mapping; existing geotechnical data; published sources of archaeological and historical studies from the area as well as any existing geophysical studies undertaken across the route of the onshore cable

 undertake appropriate reporting of any additional cultural heritage impacts with a view to amalgamating and updating the data into the EIAR;

 Cable route corridor and substation walkover as required;

 Site recording and identification of hitherto unknown archaeological sites or monuments;

 Gather information on the intangible cultural heritage, and synthesize this into the baseline to help understand the physical remains and their meaning within the landscape;

 Examine ancillary sources to help analyse historic landscape development;

 Visit the site and locality (normally from areas which are publicly accessible) to place the heritage assets in context and to predict aspects of cultural heritage not already identified in existing sources (recorded in field notebook & photographs); and

Page 182 of 220  Assess the effects of the proposed development on the cultural heritage of the study area.

6.8.17 The data gathered will be synthesized and interpreted using our analytical skills and wider knowledge in order to produce a meaningful summary of the historic landscape, how the identified heritage assets fit within that framework, and whether the proposed development has the potential to result in harm to those assets. Potential Impacts

6.8.18 The potential impacts on cultural heritage (archaeology and monuments) are shown in Table 27. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so will not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Table 27 - Potential impacts on cultural heritage arising from the proposed development

Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Construction, Direct permanent: Disturbance and damage to archaeological remains, The impact of construction activities associated with the landfall/TJB, onshore cable route and substation will involve  groundworks which are likely to physically disturb, and damage buried archaeological remains if these are present Indirect temporary: visual change, noise, air pollution, vibration: the construction of landfall/TJB, onshore cable route and substation might  result in temporary impacts on designated historic assets within close proximity through the noise and dust generated by construction, or

Page 183 of 220 Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning vibration from heavy machinery, as well as visual change whilst construction is in progress Operation, Indirect permanent: visual change. The impact of the offshore windfarm array and the onshore substation will be considered permanent through the indirect impact of a change to heritage  significance through development within the setting of the designated historic asset Assets identified within the redline and buffer zones of the developmental corridor but which will not be impacted by the    development; and

The setting of cultural heritage assets not identified as being visible within the ZTV or, in the case of wider zone offshore, those assets not    holding heritage significance related to maritime and long distance views.

6.8.19 No trans-boundary cultural heritage (archaeology and monuments) effects are anticipated.

6.9 Landscape and Visual Introduction

6.9.1 This section of the Scoping Report sets out the approach to the characterisation of the landscape and visual environment of relevance to the onshore components of the proposed development. It sets out the intended scope and approach to the assessment of impacts arising from the construction and operation of the onshore components of the proposed development.

Page 184 of 220 6.9.2 It should be read in conjunction with Section 5.8 Seascape, Landscape and Visual which addresses the seascape, landscape and visual effects of the offshore works. Policy and Guidance

6.9.3 The assessments comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for landscape and visual as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:  Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, Third Edition, (Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013)63. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.9.4 Baseline information for the onshore landscape and visual environment, will consist of a description of the landscape character and existing visibility, as well as the relevant planning context, including any landscape designations, within the study area. For the purpose of the Scoping Report, the study area for landscape and visual issues comprises the general scoping study area, as well as a 3km buffer around the proposed substation and three potential landfall areas. For the EIAR landscape and visual section, this will be refined to a combination of the chosen proposed onshore cable route with a 100m buffer on either side, as well as the proposed landfall and proposed substation with a 3km buffer surrounding their boundaries. 6.9.5 Baseline information on the receiving environment will be obtained from:  Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council County Development Plan 2016-2022;

 Dublin City Development Plan (2016-2022);

 Wicklow County Development Plan 2016-2022;

 Available digital and paper (Ordnance Survey Ireland) mapping at different scales;

 Available aerial photography; and

 Information available on the internet (such as information on recreational facilities and nature conservation sites).

Page 185 of 220 6.9.6 The proposed potential cable route corridors are located mainly along roads through residential areas and associated open spaces from Ballybrack through Kilbogget, Loughlinstown and Cherrywood to Carrickmines. Commercial/industrial sites are present at both ends of the route. This includes the Shanganagh Waste Water Treatment Plant which is located in the more northerly of the two southern landfall zones being considered, as well as a number of such sites along the Ballyogan Road, near the proposed substation location. The southern part of this zone includes Shanganagh Park. The Poolbeg grid connection option comprises a mixture of utilities development and port related development. 6.9.7 Landscape and visual designations within the study area include views and prospects to be preserved, as listed in the current Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Development Plan. Most of these are not located in the vicinity of the proposed onshore cable route, landfall/TJB and substation options. Parts of the proposed development, in particular the proposed substation, may however become visible in some of these protected views/prospects, e.g. in views along Ballyedmonduff road. In addition, there are likely to be elevated viewpoints from recreational walking routes where the landfall/TJB or substation will become visible, including the Dublin Mountains Way and paths in Killiney Hill Park. 6.9.8 The current Dublin City Development Plan does not include any landscape or visual designations relevant to the Poolbeg grid connection option. However, there are likely to be a number of viewpoints in areas popular for recreation, such as Sandymount Strand and Bull Island, where parts of the potential Poolbeg development may become visible. 6.9.9 The presence of a number of nature conservation sites along coastline, highlights the value placed on the coastal landscape, despite its proximity to the urban expanse of the city of Dublin. 6.9.10 Due to the urban/built up environment, which does not comprise historic/designed landscape features, the majority of the study area is not considered to contain sensitive landscape receptors. However, considering the visual links to the coastline, Killiney Hill and the eastern edge of the Dublin Mountains, the associated landscape character areas are considered sensitive landscape receptors. There may also be a number of local landscape elements, such as prominent stands of trees, which may arise as sensitive landscape receptors, if affected by the development. 6.9.11 The sensitive visual receptors are considered to be made up from local residents, leisure/recreational users (e.g. users of Shanganagh Park, Killiney Hill Park and the Dublin Mountains Way) and users of transport routes, including the road network, DART and LUAS. Methodology

6.9.12 The assessment will be based on recognised guidelines, principally the 3rd edition of the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA 3) (Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013)63.

Page 186 of 220 6.9.13 It is anticipated that the LVIA will concentrate upon a focused study area as set out in the previous section. However, if necessary, important receptors beyond this area will also be considered. This study area is based on knowledge of the characteristics of the proposed development, the local landscape, the key changes that are likely to occur and experience of other similar scale developments. 6.9.14 Baseline information in relation to the landscape and visual environment will be obtained through desk study review of the sources of data set out in the previous section. This will be followed by a drive-by/walk-over survey along the route corridors, to review the existing baseline landscape character and the potential visibility of the proposed development. Local designated viewpoints or other important viewpoints identified during the desk study will be visited and viewpoint photography taken. 6.9.15 It is anticipated that the study area will be divided into several landscape areas and visual receptor groups (i.e. groups of receptors experiencing similar views of the development). The majority of the works along the onshore cable route will take place along roads. The construction works will be of short duration along each section of road and can be likened to roadworks. The associated landscape and visual effects are therefore considered to be negligible. Subsequently, the assessment will concentrate on areas, where the cable route crosses public land/green spaces or private land, as well as on the landfall and substation sites. The landscape and visual effects are potentially higher due to these elements of the proposed development, in particular the substation, due to its permanent presence and mass/height of some of its elements. 6.9.16 The significance of the potential landscape and visual impacts will be determined using professional judgement. This will be aligned with the work of the offshore SLVIA specialist. The evaluation of potential landscape impacts will focus on impacts on landscape features and elements, and the perception of landscape character. The evaluation of potential visual impacts will focus on how changes resulting from the proposed development are predicted to affect visual amenity within the study area. Potential Impacts

6.9.17 The potential landscape and visual impacts are shown in Table 28. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Page 187 of 220 Table 28 - Potential impacts on landscape and visual arising from the proposed development

Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning Direct loss/disturbance of local prominent landscape features during construction and associated potential impact on the perception of the  local landscape character and the landscape character of Killiney Hill and the eastern edge of the Dublin Mountains Impacts of the construction phase, such as vegetation removal and soil  stripping, on visual receptors Potential effects on the perception of landscape character resulting from the operational substation/landfall, in particular the landscape character  of Killiney Hill and the eastern edge of the Dublin Mountains Impacts of the operational substations and proposed O&M base on visual receptors. 

Landscape and visual effects resulting from construction traffic, (Note: no significant effect anticipated due to the existing busy road   environment within the study area)

Construction of the cable route along public roads, (Note: no significant effect anticipated due to the likeness to roadworks and short duration of   each section of the construction works) Night-time landscape and visual effects during construction and decommissioning (Note: no significant effect anticipated due to the built-up urban environment containing multiple existing light sources, as well as the   proposed working hours, which will limit artificial light sources along the onshore cable route and at the substation/landfall sites to short-term usage at the end of the working day, during winter months Effects on landscape and visual receptors resulting from the underground  cables during the operational phase

Page 188 of 220 Potential Impact Project Phase Construction O&M Decomissioning (Note: no significant effect anticipated due to all disturbed ground being reinstated on completion of the construction works) Night-time landscape and visual effects during the operational phase (Note: no significant effect anticipated due to no permanent artificial light sources being proposed along the onshore cable route or landfall.  Any potential lights at the substation will be directed downwards and appear similar to security lighting in the surrounding industrial estate).

6.9.18 No trans-boundary landscape and visual effects are anticipated

6.10 Socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use Introduction

6.10.1 This section of the scoping report sets out the intended scope of, and approach to, the assessment of impacts on socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use receptors arising from the construction and operation of the offshore and onshore components of the proposed development. It also describes how relevant receptors will be identified and how these will be characterised for the purposes of the impact assessment process. Policy and Guidance

6.10.2 The assessment will comply with guidance relevant to the design and acquisition of data, standards in terms of data quality and coverage of the baseline and assessment for socio- economic, tourism, recreation and land use, as presented in Section 3.2. In addition, key relevant statutes and guidance includes:

Page 189 of 220  Guidelines on the Treatment of Tourism in an Environmental Impact Statement (Fáilte Ireland, 2011)139. Receiving Environment – Baseline

6.10.3 It is proposed that a total of four study areas will be used for the assessment of socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use impacts. Onshore Study Area

6.10.4 Direct onshore effects arising from Dublin Array will focus on a study area covering a 1 km buffer around the landfall location (onshore only), onshore export cable route/s and the proposed substation at Carrickmines, Poolbeg or both. This study area will primarily focus on recreational assets but will also include land uses affected by the onshore works including businesses, community facilities, pipelines and telecommunications. A distance of 1 km is considered to be the reasonable limit of significant effects arising from the onshore works. Effects on traffic & transportation and cultural heritage material assets are considered in Sections 6.7 and 6.8 respectively. 6.10.5 Receptors within this study area include businesses associated with the local and regional economy together with community facilities and services such as schools. Assets within this study area are also likely to include a number of informal recreational areas within established residential areas such as Kilboggett Park, Deans Grange linear park and linear open space along the sea front at Shanganagh. There are also number of connected beach and ecological corridors of recreational significance in the area which include Killiney Strand and hill. In addition there are golf clubs nearby. 6.10.6 Two key National roads, the N11 and M50, also cross the Onshore Study Area, which act as a spine to regional roads, some of which connect to the Wicklow mountain range. The Dublin to Rosslare railway also crosses the study area close to the shoreline at Shanganagh and the Cherrywood Strategic Development Zone lies to the west straddling the land between the M50 motorway and the N11. 6.10.7 The study area for the Poolbeg connection will include the businesses and infrastructure operating in the Poolbeg peninsula on the southern fringes of the Dublin Port. This area includes the existing EirGrid Poolbeg 220kV substation itself, the Poolbeg energy from waste facility, the Poolbeg combined cycle gas fired power station and the buildings and structures of the former Poolbeg power station including its distinctive chimneys. The study area will also include Poolbeg Beach.

Page 190 of 220 Offshore Study Area

6.10.8 Direct offshore effects of Dublin Array will focus on a study area encompassing the area of the offshore wind farm itself and the offshore export cable route. This study area will be the primary focus for the assessment of effects on offshore recreation, both within Dublin Bay and further inshore. Recreational activities within this area comprise sailing and a number of locations from which swimming takes place including the Forty Foot at Sandy Cove. Note, impacts on shipping and commercial fisheries will be assessed in separate chapters of the EIAR – see Sections 5.9 and 5.11 respectively. Wider Study Area

6.10.9 Indirect onshore and offshore effects will be based on the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) of the proposed windfarm array. Within this area, consideration will be given to the potential impacts where the project is perceptible, as well as the potential indirect impacts on tourism and recreation activities associated with other effects arising from the windfarm including seascape and visual impacts and airborne noise. 6.10.10 Effects on the tourism economy will focus on the primary land area within the ZTV, which includes significant parts of the counties of Dublin and Wicklow but may be extended further to examine whether the project may lead to effects arising at national level (which may be negative, positive or neutral). Key receptors within this area comprise the towns of Bray and Greystones, the Dublin mountains and the wider Dublin conurbation including the sea front from Howth in the north to Shankhill in the south. Socio-economic study area

6.10.11 The Socio-economic study area is intended to encompass the local area within which significant effects on employment and the local economy could occur. It is proposed that the study area will be set at the boundary of the counties of Dublin and Wicklow, within which it is expected the majority of the local supply chain and labour market effects that could occur or would be experienced. Methodology

6.10.12 Baseline data will be derived from a range of sources including:

Page 191 of 220 Recreation and Other Land Uses

 Baseline study (mainly web-based) of onshore and offshore recreational receptors including indication of level of use. This will include long distance walking and cycling routes, and public rights of way. It will also identify events that may be affected;

 National Outdoor Recreation Plan for Public Lands and Waters in Ireland 2017-2021140;

 Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Development Plan 2016–2022;

 Woodbrook – Shanganagh Local Areaction Plan (LAP) 2017-2023, Cherrywood SDZ Planning Scheme and Ballyogan and Environs LAP 2019 – 2025 i in relation to the possible onshore grid connection route to Carrickmines;

 Social Infrastructure Mapping with reference to Fingal County Council Development Plan 2017 – 2023, Dublin City Development Plan 2016 – 2022, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Development Plan 2016–2022 and Green Infrastructure Startegy, Wicklow County Council Development Plan 2016 – 2022 and Green Infrastructure Strategy, and Bray Municipal District Local Area Plan 2018 - 2024 to classify the amenity type and identify recreation, tourism and community facilities; and

 Mapping of existing transport infrastructure in onshore study area including road, rail, cycleways, quality bus corridors, and walking trails. Tourism

 Fáilte Ireland Visitor Trend and Hospitality Sector Reports including: Analysis of Visitor Accommodation in Dublin 2015-2020141; Tourism Barometer 2018142; Key Tourism Facts 2018143; Performance of Tourism Accommodation September 2018144; 2017 Performance: Mid East Region145; 2017 Performance: Dublin146; Domestic Holiday Monitor 2017147; Visitor Attraction Experiecne Research 2016148; Fáilte Ireland Overseas Holidaymakers’ Attitudes Survey 2016149; Fáilte Ireland Profile of Overseas Visitors Who went Hiking/Hillwalking, Angling, Played Golf, Cycled in Ireland 2011150; and Determination of Waters of National Tourism Significance and Associated Water Quality Status, 2009151;

 Local authority visitor and/or usage data relating to visitor destinations including Dublin Bay, Dun Laoghaire and Howth harbours, Dollymount Strand, Bull Island, Killiney Strand, Bray Promenade and beach and Greystones beach; and

 Literature review of studies which have focussed on the ex post effects of offshore wind farm development on socio-economic receptors including recreation and visitor economy.

Page 192 of 220 Socio-economic

 Desk based study of Pobal profiling GIS data for the socio-economic study area with regard to jobs, skills and capacity of the labour force including demographic data from Census 2016 and Census 2011 produced by the Central Statistics Office. Data to include settlement patterns, economic activities and employment;

 Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown Local Economic and Community Plan 2016-2021152.

 The Eastern and Midlands Regional Assembly Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy and National Planning Framework;

 Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) Expansion Programme 2018 - 2027 and Metrolink.

. Receptors will be identified for each of the four Study Areas. Receptor sensitivity will be based on its importance or scale and the ability of the baseline to absorb or be influenced by the identified effects. In order to assess the scale of the effect on a receptor (such as the local construction supply chain or a long-distance cycle route) the following considerations will be taken into account:

 the capacity of the receptor to absorb or tolerate change;  importance of the receptor e.g. local, regional, national, international;

 the availability of comparable alternatives;

 the ease at which the resource could be replaced; and

 the level of usage and nature of users (e.g. sensitive groups such as people with disabilities).

6.10.13 The magnitude of impact will be calculated by measuring the level of change relative to baseline conditions and /or whether the change will affect a large proportion of the existing resident population or will result in a major change to existing patterns of use or assets. These impacts could be beneficial, adverse or neutral in line with the general methodology set out in Section 3. 6.10.14 For socio-economic effects quantitative modelling will be undertaken of the effects of increased spending in the local economy due to the construction of Dublin Array, including the proposed O&M base. The modelling will take account of expenditure within the study area arising from direct investment in goods and services, and the multiplier effects arising from increased spending. Inputs into the economic model will make use of estimates of expenditure provided by innogy based on its experience elsewhere and published data from standard sources such as the Office of National Statistics.

Page 193 of 220 6.10.15 The project may improve conditions for socio-economic growth by improving the power supply capacity and infrastructure in the local region and the security of that supply. This has the potential to make the area more attractive to inward investment, further adding local development and prosperity. While the direct effects from the proposed development are expected to be limited locally, positive economic effects will be felt elsewhere in the area due to the substantial initial investment and the wider benefits derived from an increase in renewable energy capacity 6.10.16 The assessment of effects on recreation and land use will consider the characteristics of any potential disruptive activities that occur adjacent to sensitive receptors identified in the baseline. This is likely to include offshore receptors also such as sailing craft in the bay area together with usage of recreational land along the proposed onshore cable route. The assessment will make use of published data, web-based searches and data gathered for other topics such as LVIA, Traffic & Transport and Noise. It should be noted that a significant effect for another impact, such as visual, does not necessarily mean there will be a significant effect on recreational assets, and equally, care will be taken to ensure that there is no ‘double- counting’ of effects. 6.10.17 The assessment of effects on the visitor economy will involve a review of relevant published studies and tourism data, especially those where wind farms have been built, or are proposed, in an area where the tourism sector makes an important contribution to the local economy. It is not proposed to undertake a bespoke study of effects on the visitor economy such as business surveys or in the field surveys. Ex post surveys of built and operational wind farms and visitor economy data within these areas are considered to be a reliable source of comparable data and avoid judgements being made on perceived anxieties from residents, businesses and visitors. 6.10.18 The assessment will take account of findings from the SLVIA with regard to impacts from key tourism receptors such as the seafront area. Potential Impacts

6.10.19 The potential impacts on socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use are shown in Table 29. The cells shaded in grey indicate that there is no potential impact during that phase of the development. For instance, the impact may require the presence of project infrastructure and so would not be applicable to the construction and decommissioning phases of the proposed development. Grey ticks indicate where no significant effect is anticipated as a result of the the proposed development, however, appropriate evidence will be provided in the EIAR to support this.

Page 194 of 220 Table 29 - Potential impacts on socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use arising from the proposed development

Project Phase

Potential Impact Construction O&M Decomissioning Impacts on recreation and land use receptors within the onshore and offshore study areas - impacts due to the construction of the onshore and offshore proposed development on recreation and land use receptors including local services and community receptors. Impacts may arise indirectly from other project impacts such as noise or air emissions. Impacts may arise during operational phase also, such as displacement of    sailing craft in Dublin Bay. Embedded mitigation measures, such as temporary footpath diversions will be taken into account in the assessment. Impacts on visitor economy receptors and and the wider visitor economy – impacts on these assets may occur throughout the wider study area during the construction, operation and decommissioning of    the proposed development. Impacts may arise indirectly from other project impacts such as the visual impact of the proposed turbine array. Impacts on economy arising from construction and operation of the proposed development including the proposed O&M base - Impacts on the local labour market, gross value added and supply chain within the socio-economic study area are likely to be experienced during the    construction phase mainly. The impacts may be beneficial due to the creation of direct, indirect and induced jobs for local people. Operational impacts are likely to be centred on the O&M base. Adverse impacts may arise due to disruption caused to local businesses.

Page 195 of 220 6.11 Other Issues

6.11.1 It is proposed that an Other Issues chapter will be included within the EIAR which will address a number of environmental effects arising from the proposed development but which are unlikely to be significant. At this juncture it is proposed that these will sit within a combined Other Issues chapter as it is unlikely that significant effects will arise, but they are considered too important to scope out at this stage. The Other Issues chapter will contain the following topics. Human Health

6.11.2 In relation to effects on human health, the 2017 Draft EPA Guidelines state that the EIAR should refer to the assessments of those factors under which human health effects might occur e.g. under the environmental factors of air, water, soil. The importance of avoiding duplication of impacts is highlighted i.e. care should be taken to avoid double counting impacts that are identified in the corresponding chapter of the EIAR, for example noise or air quality effects. As a result, specific effects which may arise from these environmental topics are addressed in their respective chapters. 6.11.3 The Guidelines state that the assessment of other health and safety issues are carried out under other EU Directives, as relevant e.g. reports prepared under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control frameworks. In keeping with the requirement of the amended Directive, an EIAR should take account of the results of such assessments without duplicating them. 6.11.4 The EIAR will contain detailed consideration of effects on population, most notably in relation to soils, water, air quality and radiation (in respect of the proposed grid connection). The findings of these assessments will be sign-posted in the Other Issues chapter but the effects will not be repeated to avoid duplication of coverage or ‘double counting’ in the EIAR. Major Accidents and Disasters

6.11.5 A number of health and safety measures are integrated into the project design of the wind farm to mitigate accidents from occurring. The performance of each turbine is constantly monitored through the SCADA system sending performance data through to a central, partly automated monitoring and control centre. As a result a problem can be quickly detected and pre-prepared safety management action plans rapidly enacted including remotely shutting down turbines.

Page 196 of 220 6.11.6 Whilst exposed power cables on the seabed can pose a snagging risk to shipping and fishing vessels, the project’s export and array cables will be buried where possible and cable protection applied where burial cannot be achieved to protect the cables and remove the snagging risk. This will be discussed in detail in the shipping and navigation EIA assessment (see Section 5.9 of this report), which also discussed the risk that the increase vessel movements to and from the site may pose to navigational safety during construction and operational phases. The buried cables onshore and offshore are designed to ‘trip out’ automatically should any failure in insulation along the cable be detected. 6.11.7 The risk of accidents occurring at the substation/s onshore and offshore will be mitigated through a number of design features which will be presented in the EIAR. . The appropriate level of fire protection and resilience will be specified at these to minimise fire risks. The small quantities of lubricants, fuel and cleaning equipment required within the project will be stored in suitable facilities designed to the relevant regulations and policy design guidance. Similarly, the EIAR will examine the presence of any exclusion zones around existing neighbouring industrial facilities (e.g. Serveso) and any risks presented to the activities undertaken therein. 6.11.8 The offshore wind industry strives for the highest possible health and safety standards across the supply chain. However, there have been incidents including a small number of worker fatalities during the construction and operation of offshore wind farms. Risks to the public onshore and sea users offshore during construction will be minimised through the use of controlled construction sites onshore and vessel safety zones and co-ordination of wind farm vessel movements offshore. 6.11.9 Safety zones are temporary exclusion zones enacted during construction, allowing the Applicant and its contractors to manage vessel movement to enable safe construction works to proceed. Onshore, controlled or closed construction sites will be operated where construction works are undertaken in sections where access is strictly controlled during the period when the works are ongoing. This includes any works within Serveso controlled areas in the Dublin Port and Poolbeg areas. 6.11.10 The Applicant recognises the importance of the highest performance levels of health and safety to be incorporated into the project. There is a commitment to adhere to a high level of process safety, from design to operations and for all staff, contractors and suppliers to have a high level of safety awareness and knowledge of safety and safe behaviour. 6.11.11 The Applicant will enact a Code of Conduct for suppliers, contractors and subcontractors. The Applicant will ensure that employees have undergone necessary health and safety training. With a commitment to the highest health and safety standards in design and working practises enacted, none of the anticipated construction works or operational procedures are expected to pose an appreciable risk of major accidents or disasters.

Page 197 of 220 6.11.12 In conclusion, the risk of ‘major accidents and/or disasters’ occurring associated with any aspect of the project, during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases is anticipated to be low. However, as potential impacts may arise it is proposed to include a summary of potential impacts and corresponding mitigation measures in the Other Issues chapter. Should this assessment identifying any possibility for significant effects to arise, the applicant will adapt this approach and produce a dedicated EIAR chapter following the methodology set out in Section 3. Onshore material assets

6.11.13 Onshore material assets will be considered in the following sections:  Traffic and transporation (refer to Section 6.7 of this scoping report);

 Cultural heritage including archaeology and monuments (refer to Section 6.8 of the scoping report);

 Socio-economic, tourism, recreation and land use. This chapter includes consideration of impacts to all other material asses such as pipelines and telecommunications.

Page 198 of 220 Appendix 1 A Acronyms

Term Definition AA Appropriate Assessment AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AEZ Archaeological Exclusion Zones AIL Abnormal Invisible Load AIS Automatic Identification System AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty AQTAG09 Air Quality Technical Advisory Group 09 ATS Air Traffic Services BIIS British Irish Ice Sheet BMI Bord Iscagh Maragh BP Before Present CAA UK Civil Aviation Authority CEA Cumulative Effects Assessment CFRAM Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management CIL Commissioner of Irish Lights CNS Communication Navigation or Surveillance systems COMAH Control of Major Accident Hazards

CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRM Collision Risk Modelling DAHG Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht DART Dublin Area Rapid Transit DAU Development Applications Unit DCCAE Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment. DCCAE Guidance on EIS and NIS Preparation for Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Guidelines (Environmental Working Group of the Offshore Renewable Energy Steering Group and the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment, 2017) Term Definition DDV Drop Down Video DEHLG Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government DHPLG Department of Housing Planning and Local Government DLRCC Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges DoECLG Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government DTI Department of Trade and Industry DTTAS Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport Dublin Array Dublin Array Offshore Wind Farm EC European Commission ECC Export Cable Corridor ECR Export Cable Route EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EHO Environmental Health Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIAR Environmental Impact Assessment Report

EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMF Electromagnetic Fields EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESAS European Seabirds at Sea EU European Union EUMOFA EU Market Observatory forsheries and Aquaculture ft Feet FIR Flight Information Region FLO Fisheries Liaison Officer FRA Flood Risk Assessment GI Geographical Information GIS Geographic Information System GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear GLVIA Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment GoBe GoBe Consultants Ltd Term Definition GPG Good Practice Guide

GSI Geological Survey of Ireland GW Gigawatt GWB Groundwater Body ha Hectare HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling HDPE High Density Polyethylene HDV Heavy Duty Vehicle HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle HWM High Water Point of Mean or Ordinary Tides IAA Irish Aviation Authority IALA International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities IAQM Institute of Air Quality Management ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Seas IWDG Irish Whale and Dolphin Group IEMA Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment

IFI Inland Fisheries Ireland IFP Instrument Flight Procedure IMAGIN Irish Sea Marine Aggregates Initiative Study INFOMAR Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland’s Marine Resource innogy RWE Renewables Ireland Limited IoA Institute of Acoustics ISB Irish Sea Basin JCP Joint Cetacean Protocol km Kilometre km2 Kilometre squared km/hr Kilometres per hour kV Kilovolt LAP Local Area Plan Term Definition LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide LGV Light Goods Vehicle LI Locally Important Aquifer LUAS Dublin’s Light Rail Tram system LVIA Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment m Metre MDS Maximum Design Scenario MGN Marine Guidance Note MHWS Mean Highwater Springs MINNS Marine invasive non native species

MPDM Marine Planning and Development Management MSSR Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar MW Megawatt NIAH National Inventory of Architectural Heritage NIS Natura Impact Statement NISA Northern Irish Sea Array nm Nautical mile NMPF National Marine Planning Framework NMS National Monuments Service NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service NRA Navigational risk assessment NRA National Roads Authority NSR Noise Sensitive Receptor NUC Not Under Command O&M Operations and Maintenance

OPW Office of Public Works ORE Offshore Renewable Energy OREI Offshore Renewable Energy Installations OREDP Offshore Renewable Energy Development Plan

OSi Ordnance Survey Ireland OSS Onshore Substation Term Definition PAD Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries PEXA Practice and Exercise Area PI Poor Aquifer PSR Primary surveillance radar PVA Population Variability Analysis R&D Research and Development RBMP River Basin Management Plan RESS Renewable Electricity Support Scheme RMP Record of Monuments and Places RMP Record of Monuments and Places ROI Republic of Ireland ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle RPS Records of Protected Structures RSL Relative Sea Level SAC Special Area of Conservation SAR Search and Rescue SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCANS Small Cetaceans in European Atlantic waters and the North Sea SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride SFPA Sea Fisheries Protection Agency SLR SLR Consulting Ireland SLVIA Seascape, landscape, visual impact assessment SMAA Surveillance Minimum Altitude Area SMR Sites and Monuments Record SMRU Sea Mammal Research Unit SNH Scottish Natural Heritage SPA Special Protection Area SRD Safety Regulation Division SSR Secondary surveillance radar The Applicant Kish Offshore Wind Limited and Bray Offshore Wind Limited Term Definition The draft Draft Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Guidelines Assessment reports (Environmental Protection Agency, 2017) The EIA Guidelines for Planning Authorities and An Bord Pleanála on carrying out Guidelines Environmental Impact Assessment (Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, 2018) TII Transport Infrastructure Ireland TJB Transition Joint Bay UAU Underwater Archaeology Unit UIR Upper Information Region UK United Kingdom UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UoM Unit of Management VMS Vessel Management System WFD Water Framework Directive WHO World Health Organisation WSI Written Scheme of Investigation WTGs Wind Turbine Generators ZoI Zone of Influence ZTV Zone of Theoretical Visibility References

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