Variability in the Mass Flux of the Ross Sea Ice Streams, Antarctica, Over the Last Millennium
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Rapid Transport of Ash and Sulfate from the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE Rapid transport of ash and sulfate from the 2011 10.1002/2017JD026893 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (Chile) eruption Key Points: to West Antarctica • Ash and sulfate from the June 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption were Bess G. Koffman1,2 , Eleanor G. Dowd1 , Erich C. Osterberg1 , David G. Ferris1, deposited in West Antarctica 3 3 3,4 1 • Depositional phasing and duration Laura H. Hartman , Sarah D. Wheatley , Andrei V. Kurbatov , Gifford J. Wong , 5 6 3,4 4 suggest rapid transport through the Bradley R. Markle , Nelia W. Dunbar , Karl J. Kreutz , and Martin Yates troposphere • Ash/sulfate phasing, ash size 1Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, 2Now at Department of Geology, Colby distributions, and geochemistry College, Waterville, Maine, USA, 3Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA, 4School of Earth and distinguish this midlatitude eruption Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA, 5Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of from low- and high-latitude eruptions Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 6New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico, USA Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 Abstract The Volcanic Explosivity Index 5 eruption of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex (PCC) in central Chile, which began 4 June 2011, provides a rare opportunity to assess the rapid transport and Correspondence to: deposition of sulfate and ash from a midlatitude volcano to the Antarctic ice sheet. We present sulfate, B. G. Koffman, [email protected] microparticle concentrations of fine-grained (~5 μm diameter) tephra, and major oxide geochemistry, which document the depositional sequence of volcanic products from the PCC eruption in West Antarctic snow and shallow firn. -
Century-Scale Discharge Stagnation and Reactivation of the Ross Ice Streams, West Antarctica C
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, F03S27, doi:10.1029/2006JF000603, 2007 Click Here for Full Article Century-scale discharge stagnation and reactivation of the Ross ice streams, West Antarctica C. Hulbe1 and M. Fahnestock2 Received 21 June 2006; revised 31 October 2006; accepted 10 January 2007; published 23 May 2007. [1] Flow features on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, record two episodes of ice stream stagnation and reactivation within the last 1000 years. We document these events using maps of streaklines emerging from individual ice streams made using visible band imagery, together with numerical models of ice shelf flow. Forward model experiments demonstrate that only a limited set of discharge scenarios could have produced the current streakline configuration. According to our analysis, Whillans Ice Stream ceased rapid flow about 850 calendar years ago and restarted about 400 years later and MacAyeal Ice Stream either stopped or slowed significantly between 800 and 700 years ago, restarting about 150 years later. Until now, ice-stream scenarios emphasized runaway retreat or stagnation on millennial timescales. Here we identify a new scenario: century-scale stagnation and reactivation cycles, as well as lateral communication with adjacent ice streams through thickness changes on lightly grounded ice plains. This introduces uncertainty into predictions for future sea-level withdrawals by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which are based in part on recent slowing of Whillans Ice Stream and the stagnant condition of Kamb Ice Stream. Citation: Hulbe, C., and M. A. Fahnestock (2007), Century-scale discharge stagnation and reactivation of the Ross ice streams, West Antarctica, J. -
A Significant Acceleration of Ice Volume Discharge Preceded a Major Retreat of a West Antarctic Paleo–Ice Stream
https://doi.org/10.1130/G46916.1 Manuscript received 26 August 2019 Revised manuscript received 23 November 2019 Manuscript accepted 26 November 2019 © 2019 Geological Society of America. For permission to copy, contact [email protected]. A signifcant acceleration of ice volume discharge preceded a major retreat of a West Antarctic paleo–ice stream Philip J. Bart1 and Slawek Tulaczyk2 1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA ABSTRACT SEDIMENT AND ICE DISCHARGE For the period between 14.7 and 11.5 cal. (calibrated) kyr B.P, the sediment fux of Bind- FROM THE PALEO–BINDSCHADLER schadler Ice Stream (BIS; West Antarctica) averaged 1.7 × 108 m3 a−1. This implies that BIS ICE STREAM velocity averaged 500 ± 120 m a−1. At a fner resolution, the data suggest two stages of ice Radiocarbon ages from benthic foramin- stream fow. During the frst 2400 ± 400 years of a grounding-zone stillstand, ice stream fow ifera (Bart et al., 2018) (Table 1) indicate that averaged 200 ± 90 m a−1. Following ice-shelf breakup at 12.3 ± 0.2 cal. kyr B.P., fow acceler- the paleo-BIS grounding line had retreated ated to 1350 ± 580 m a−1. The estimated ice volume discharge after breakup exceeds the bal- 70 km from its maximum (LGM) position by ance velocity by a factor of two and implies ice mass imbalance of −40 Gt a−1 just before the 14.7 ± 0.4 cal. -
The U-Pb Detrital Zircon Signature of West Antarctic Ice Stream Tills in The
Antarctic Science 26(6), 687–697 (2014) © Antarctic Science Ltd 2014. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0954102014000315 The U-Pb detrital zircon signature of West Antarctic ice stream tills in the Ross embayment, with implications for Last Glacial Maximum ice flow reconstructions KATHY J. LICHT, ANDREA J. HENNESSY and BETHANY M. WELKE Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Earth Sciences, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA [email protected] Abstract: Glacial till samples collected from beneath the Bindschadler and Kamb ice streams have a distinct U-Pb detrital zircon signature that allows them to be identified in Ross Sea tills. These two sites contain a population of Cretaceous grains 100–110 Ma that have not been found in East Antarctic tills. Additionally, Bindschadler and Kamb ice streams have an abundance of Ordovician grains (450–475 Ma) and a cluster of ages 330–370 Ma, which are much less common in the remainder of the sample set. These tracers of a West Antarctic provenance are also found east of 180° longitude in eastern Ross Sea tills deposited during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Whillans Ice Stream (WIS), considered part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet but partially originating in East Antarctica, lacks these distinctive signatures. Its U-Pb zircon age population is dominated by grains 500–550 Ma indicating derivation from Granite Harbour Intrusive rocks common along the Transantarctic Mountains, making it indistinguishable from East Antarctic tills. -
U.S. Advance Exchange of Operational Information, 2005-2006
Advance Exchange of Operational Information on Antarctic Activities for the 2005–2006 season United States Antarctic Program Office of Polar Programs National Science Foundation Advance Exchange of Operational Information on Antarctic Activities for 2005/2006 Season Country: UNITED STATES Date Submitted: October 2005 SECTION 1 SHIP OPERATIONS Commercial charter KRASIN Nov. 21, 2005 Depart Vladivostok, Russia Dec. 12-14, 2005 Port Call Lyttleton N.Z. Dec. 17 Arrive 60S Break channel and escort TERN and Tanker Feb. 5, 2006 Depart 60S in route to Vladivostok U.S. Coast Guard Breaker POLAR STAR The POLAR STAR will be in back-up support for icebreaking services if needed. M/V AMERICAN TERN Jan. 15-17, 2006 Port Call Lyttleton, NZ Jan. 24, 2006 Arrive Ice edge, McMurdo Sound Jan 25-Feb 1, 2006 At ice pier, McMurdo Sound Feb 2, 2006 Depart McMurdo Feb 13-15, 2006 Port Call Lyttleton, NZ T-5 Tanker, (One of five possible vessels. Specific name of vessel to be determined) Jan. 14, 2006 Arrive Ice Edge, McMurdo Sound Jan. 15-19, 2006 At Ice Pier, McMurdo. Re-fuel Station Jan. 19, 2006 Depart McMurdo R/V LAURENCE M. GOULD For detailed and updated schedule, log on to: http://www.polar.org/science/marine/sched_history/lmg/lmgsched.pdf R/V NATHANIEL B. PALMER For detailed and updated schedule, log on to: http://www.polar.org/science/marine/sched_history/nbp/nbpsched.pdf SECTION 2 AIR OPERATIONS Information on planned air operations (see attached sheets) SECTION 3 STATIONS a) New stations or refuges not previously notified: NONE b) Stations closed or refuges abandoned and not previously notified: NONE SECTION 4 LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES AFFECTING OTHER NATIONS a) McMurdo airstrip will be used by Italian and New Zealand C-130s and Italian Twin Otters b) McMurdo Heliport will be used by New Zealand and Italian helicopters c) Extensive air, sea and land logistic cooperative support with New Zealand d) Twin Otters to pass through Rothera (UK) upon arrival and departure from Antarctica e) Italian Twin Otter will likely pass through South Pole and McMurdo. -
2006 NSIDC Annual Report
National Snow and Ice Data Center World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder Annual Report 2006 Supporting Cryospheric Research Since 1976 National Snow and Ice Data Center World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder Annual Report 2006 Cover image captions (clockwise from upper left) During the IceTrek expedition, team members tow a sled with equipment to install on an Antarctic iceberg. (Courtesy Ted Scambos, NSIDC) This image shows the Beaufort Sea Polynya. A polynya, or area of persistent open water surrounded by ice, appeared during the summer 2006 Arctic sea ice melt season. The polynya is the dark area of open water; to the left is the coastline of Alaska, showing fall foliage color, and to the bottom right is the North Pole. This image is from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, which flies on the NASA Terra and Aqua satellites. (Courtesy NSIDC) Toboggan Glacier, Alaska, in 1909. This image one of a pair of photographs available through the “Repeat Photography of Glaciers” portion of NSIDC’s online Glacier Photograph Collection. These photograph pairs illustrate the dramatic changes that researchers have observed in glaciers worldwide over the past century. (Photograph courtesy of Sidney Paige/USGS Photo Library, available through NSIDC’s online Glacier Photograph Collection). Members of the IceTrek expedition practiced installing their meteorological equipment on this small Antarctic iceberg, nicknamed “Chip,” before installing the equipment permanently on larger icebergs. (Courtesy Ted Scambos, NSIDC) Supporting Cryospheric Research Since 1976 Supporting Cryospheric Research Since 1976 ii Supporting Cryospheric Research Since 1976 Contents Table of Contents Introduction 1 Highlights 3 Data Management at NSIDC 5 Programs 10 The Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) 10 The Arctic System Science (ARCSS) Data Coordination Center (ADCC) 14 U.S. -
Siple Dome Ice Reveals Two Modes of Millennial CO2 Change During the Last Ice Age
ARTICLE Received 4 Dec 2013 | Accepted 26 Mar 2014 | Published 29 Apr 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4723 OPEN Siple Dome ice reveals two modes of millennial CO2 change during the last ice age Jinho Ahn1 & Edward J. Brook2 Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during times of past abrupt climate change may help us better understand climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. Previous ice core studies reveal simultaneous increases in atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperature during times when Greenland and the northern hemisphere experienced very long, cold stadial conditions during the last ice age. Whether this relationship extends to all of the numerous stadial events in the Greenland ice core record has not been clear. Here we present a high-resolution record of atmospheric CO2 from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica for part of the last ice age. We find that CO2 does not significantly change during the short Greenlandic stadial events, implying that the climate system perturbation that produced the short stadials was not strong enough to substantially alter the carbon cycle. 1 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea. 2 College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.A. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 5:3723 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4723 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4723 ce core records from Greenland reveal a detailed history of the last ice age, marine sediment records indicate shoaled abrupt climate change during the last glacial period. -
Education Personal Research Interests Employment
Douglas Reed MacAyeal Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago 5734 S. Ellis Ave. HGS 424 Chicago, IL Phone: (773) 702-8027 (o) (773) 752-6078 (h) (773) 702-9505 (f) (224) 500-7775 (c) [email protected] [email protected] last updated: March, 2020 Education 1983 Ph.D. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Geophysical Fluid Dynamics advisor: Kirk Bryan 1979 M.S. University of Maine, Orono, ME Physics/Glaciology advisor: Robert Thomas 1976 Sc.B. Brown University, Providence, RI Physics Magna cum laude, honors in physics Personal Birth Date: 8 December, 1954; Age: 65 Birth Place: Boston, MA, USA Marital Status: Married, Linda A. MacAyeal (Sparks) Children: Leigh C. (MacAyeal) Kasten (Brown U., Sc.B.; Cornell U., DVM), Hannah R. MacAyeal (U. Penn, B.S., U. Penn Veterinary Medicine, DVM), Evan C. MacAyeal (Carleton College, B.A., Columbia University, Financial Engineering, M.S.) Research Interests The physical processes that determine the evolution of ice and climate on Earth over the past, present and future. Employment Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago 1983-Present Professor (Asst. until 1987, Assoc. until 1992 and Full until present) Prior to 1983: I was a graduate student at Princeton University and University of Maine. Awards and Honors • 2019 Seligman Crystal, International Glaciological Society (IGS) • 2013 Nye Lecture, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Fall Meeting • 2010 Goldthwait Award (Polar Medal) of the Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University • 2005 Provost’s Teaching Award of the University of Chicago • 2002 Quantrell Teaching Award of the University of Chicago • 1997 Richardson Medal of the IGS • 1988 James Macelwane Medal of the AGU • 1988 Fellow of the AGU • Antarctic geographic names: MacAyeal Ice Stream, MacAyeal Peak Teaching Experience • GeoSci 242: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, I. -
Blue Sky Airlines
GPS Support to the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs 2001-2002 Season Report GPS Support to the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs 2001-2002 Season Report April 15, 2002 Bjorn Johns Chuck Kurnik Shad O’Neel UCAR/UNAVCO Facility University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 3340 Mitchell Lane Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 497-8034 www.unavco.ucar.edu Support funded by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Scientific Program Order No. 2 (EAR-9903413) to Cooperative Agreement No. 9732665 Cover photo: Erebus Ice Tongue Mapping – B-017 1 UNAVCO 2001-2002 Report Table of Contents: Summary........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Table 1 – 2001-2001 Antarctic Support Provided................................................................................. 4 Table 2 – 2001 Arctic Support Provided................................................................................................ 4 Science Support............................................................................................................................................. 5 Training.................................................................................................................................................... 5 Field Support........................................................................................................................................... 5 Data Processing .................................................................................................................................... -
Studies of Antarctic Ice Shelf Stability: Surface Melting, Basal Melting, and Ice Flow Dynamics
Studies of Antarctic ice shelf stability: surface melting, basal melting, and ice flow dynamics by Karen E. Alley B.A., Colgate University, 2012 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geological Sciences 2017 This thesis entitled: Studies of Antarctic ice shelf stability: Surface melting, basal melting, and ice flow dynamics written by Karen E. Alley has been approved for the Department of Geological Sciences James White Ted Scambos Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above-mentioned discipline. ii Alley, Karen Elizabeth (Ph.D., Department of Geological Sciences) Studies of Antarctic ice shelf stability: Surface melting, basal melting, and ice flow dynamics Thesis directed by Senior Research Scientist T.A. Scambos and Professor J.W.C. White Abstract: Floating extensions of ice sheets, known as ice shelves, play a vital role in regulating the rate of ice flow into the Southern Ocean from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Shear stresses imparted by contact with islands, embayment walls, and other obstructions transmit “backstress” to grounded ice. Ice shelf collapse reduces or eliminates this backstress, increasing mass flux to the ocean and therefore rates of sea level rise. This dissertation presents studies that address three main factors that regulate ice shelf stability: surface melt, basal melt, and ice flow dynamics. The first factor, surface melt, is assessed using active microwave backscatter. -
Did Holocene Climate Changes Drive West Antarctic Grounding Line Retreat and Re-Advance?
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-308 Preprint. Discussion started: 19 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Did Holocene climate changes drive West Antarctic grounding line retreat and re-advance? Sarah U. Neuhaus1, Slawek M. Tulaczyk1, Nathan D. Stansell2, Jason J. Coenen2, Reed P. Scherer2, Jill 5 A. Mikucki3, Ross D. Powell2 1Earth and Planetary Sciences, University oF CaliFornia Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA 2Department oF Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA 3Department oF Microbiology, University oF Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA 10 Correspondence to: Sarah U. Neuhaus ([email protected]) Abstract. Knowledge oF past ice sheet conFigurations is useFul For informing projections of Future ice sheet dynamics and For calibrating ice sheet models. The topology oF grounding line retreat in the Ross Sea Sector oF Antarctica has been much debated, but it has generally been assumed that the modern ice sheet is as small as it has been for more than 100,000 years 15 (Conway et al., 1999; Lee et al., 2017; Lowry et al., 2019; McKay et al., 2016; Scherer et al., 1998). Recent findings suggest that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) grounding line retreated beyond its current location earlier in the Holocene and subsequently re-advanced to reach its modern position (Bradley et al., 2015; Kingslake et al., 2018). Here, we further constrain the post-LGM grounding line retreat and re-advance in the Ross Sea Sector using a two-phase model of radiocarbon input and decay in subglacial sediments From six sub-ice sampling locations. -
II. Expedition Dates
Information Exchange Under United States Antarctic Activities Articles III and VII(5) of the Modifications of Activities Planned for 2003-2004 ANTARCTIC TREATY II. Expedition Dates II. Expedition Dates Section II of the Modifications of Activities Planned for 2003-2004 lists the actual dates of significant events occurring during this time period. Significant Dates of Expeditions Date Activity 05 Apr 03 LMG03-04 10 May 03 LMG03-04A 16 June 03 LMG03-05 16 Aug 03 LMG03-05A 21 Aug 03 First flight to McMurdo Station for Winfly operations 22 Aug 03 NBP03-04C 07 Sep 03 LMG Maintenance open period for maintenance 14 Sep 03 NBP03-04C 22 Sep 03 LMG03-06 28 Sep 03 Palmer Station annual relief 30 Sep 03 First C-141 mission to McMurdo Station during Ice Runway period McMurdo Station commenced summer operations (1 of 19) 05 Oct 03 Marble Point opens 01 Oct 03 First C-17 mission of the season to McMurdo Station (1 of 12) 09 Oct 03 NBP03-04D 10 Oct 03 LMG03-07 (Palmer Station Shuttle) 14 Oct 03 Pieter J. Lenie Field Station (Copacabana) opens 14 Oct 03 Odell Glacier Camp Opens 14 Oct 03 Lake Hoare Camp opens 16 Oct 03 Lake Bonney Camp opens 17 Oct 03 F6 Camp opens 18 Oct 03 Lake Fryxell Camp opens National Science Foundation 2 Arlington, Virginia 22230 October 1, 2004 Information Exchange Under United States Antarctic Activities Articles III and VII(5) of the Modifications of Activities Planned for 2003-2004 ANTARCTIC TREATY II. Expedition Dates Date Activity 22 Oct 03 Three (3) 109th AW LC-130’s arrive McMurdo Station to start on-continent missions