DOCSLIB.ORG

Zoological Survey of India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zoological Survey of India MEMOIRS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Vol. 17 No. 2 MONOGRAPH ON NICHOLLSIA KASHIENSIS CHOPRA & TIWARI1950 (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, PHREATOICOIDEA, NICHOLLSIDAE) By LAKSHMAN PRASAD GUPTA Zoological Survey of India, Q.P.R.S., Patna-800016 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India 1989 Copyright 1989, Government of India Published % June, 1989 PRICE: Inland : Rs. 100.00 Foreign j £ 10*00 or % 14*00 PRODUCTION t PUBLICATION UNIT, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCUTTA. PRINTED AT THE BANl PRESS, 16, HEMENDRA SEN STREET, CALCUTTA-700 006, PRODUCED BY THE PUBLICATION DIVISION AND PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCUTTA 700 020 MEMOIRS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Vol. 17 (2) 1989 Pages 1—160 CONTENTS PAGES INTRODUCTION ... i DISTRIBUTION ... 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS ... 3 GENERAL ECOLOGY ... 9 Biological community ... 10 Vertical migration ... 10 Parasites ... U Observations in the Aquarium ... 11 CLASSIFICATION ... 13 EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY ... 15 BODY WALL AND MOULTING ... 34 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM ... 38 FOOD, FEEDING AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 44 Food and feeding habit ... 45 Different modes of feeding ... 50 Alimentary canal ... 52 Foregut ... 53 Histology ... 54 Musculature of the foregut ... 55 Functions of Proventriculus (Stomach) 58 Digestive gland or hepatopancreas 60 Histology of the digestive gland ... 63 [ii] PAGES Intestine ... 66 Histology of Intestine ... 67 Musculature ... 68 Movement of food in alimentary canal 69 pH of the gut ... 70 EXCRETORY SYSTEM ... 71 Segmental glands of the head ... 72 The maxillary gland ... 73 Segmental glarids or coxal glands of the thorax 75 Histology of the maxillary gland ••• 75 Histology of other glands of head and thorax 76 Athrocytes or Branchio-pericardial organs 76 Tegumental glands ... 77 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ... 77 Heart ••• 78 The Arterial System ••• 81 The Venous System ••• 83 The Blood - 85 Flow of blood - 86 Heartbeat ••• 87 Effect of body size ... 87 Effect of temperature ... 89 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ••• 89 Morphology and histology of the pleopods 89 Movement of blood in pleopods ... 91 Pleopod beat ••• "1 Effect of temperature and size ... 91 Intestinal respiration ... 93 NERVOUS SYSTEM ••• 93 1. The Supra-oesophageal ganglia or the Brain 93 t iii i 2. Circum-oesophagea! connective 3. The suboesophageal ganglia The Ventral nerve cord Histology of the nervous system REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male Reproductive system Histology of the testicular lobes Histology of the vasdeferens Histology of the penis The spermatozoa Orientation of spermatophores Androgenic gland Female Reproductive system Histology of the ovary Histology of the oviduct Brood pouch or brood chamber Pairing, Mating and egg deposition Copulation Transfer of eggs to the brood pouch Size of the Brood Incubation and Release of brood ... Reproductive cycle Sex Ratio Chromosomes DISCUSSION SUMMARY REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PLATES INTRODUCTION The discovery of a phreatoicid isopod in wells at Varanasi (Chopra, 1947) was hailed as an incident of great zoogeographical importance because, barring a couple of species of phreatoicids from the Cape Province of South Africa, the living species of the suborder phreatoi- coidea of isopods are now confined to the Australian continent, Tasmania and New Zealand. Described by Chopra and Tiwari (1950) as a new species under a new genus, Nichollsia kashiense was found to be common in deep wells at Varanasi, and some specimen were also available from a well at Lohagara near Naini in Allahabad District of Uttar Pradesh. A few year later, Tiwari (1955) described another species, Nichollsia menoni, from an abandoned well in Monghyr in Bihar State, extending the distribution of the genus eastward in the Gangetic Plain. Subsequent surveys have revealed that Nichollsia kashiensis occurs in several other localities in U. P. and Bihar, i.e., Ramnagar (opposite Varanasi on the right bank of Ganga), Chapra and Patna (Gupta, 1980). In a personal communication to Dr. K. K. Tiwari, Prof. P. J. Sanjeeva Raj of Madras Christian College, Tambaram (Madras), informs that he has material of phreatoicid isopods from Andhra Pradesh (locality not revealed) in South India obtained during deep drilling operations for boring tube wells. The phreatoicoidea is a primitive suborder of isopods which seems to have evolved during the palaeozoic in the old landmass known as Gondwanaland. Apart from Australia, Newzealand and Tasmania where several living species belonging to many genera still survive in surface as well as subterranean waters, recent representatives of this group have a discontinuous distribution in India, in the Gangetic Plain and Andhra Pradesh (Peninsular India), and in the Cape Province of South Africa. Outside the Australian continent, the only fossil representatives of this group have been reported from Siberia by Birs- tein (1962) who recorded Paleophreatoicus soyanensis from Permian beds. Judging from the present and past distribution, it appears that phreatoicoidea must have evolved during palaeozoic and had wide distribution in the old landmass of Gondwanaland, and has now disappeared from most of the Afro-Euro-Asian landmass, leaving living relicts in South Africa and India, and sizeable population inf Australasia. 2 Mem. zool, Surv, India Inspite of its zoogeographical interest and biological antiquity, prac­ tically no work has been done on the anatomy, physiology, histology etc. of the phreatoicids, though the group seems to have received con­ siderable attention from taxonomists. Nicholls (1943) in a monograph (in two parts) has thoroughly revised the group, giving detailed descrip­ tion of all the known species till then. Except for a brief account of the anatomy of Mesamphisopus capensis by Barnard (1927) and Golu- hotelson thomsoni by Engemann (1964), we have practically no informa­ tion about the internal morphology and other aspects of phreatoicoidea. The group shows considerable ecological diversity inhabiting several aquatic and semi-aquatic niches on surface and in subterranean habitats and its morphological characters show an interesting assem­ blage of primitive and specialised features. It was, therefore, consi­ dered desirable to have detailed and in depth investigation on at least one species of phreatoicid isopod to findout the similarities that the group shares with other isopods and differences that separate them from each other. Because of its easy availability and hardiness under captivity (individuals can survive for several months in water from ponds or well at room temperature and with very little care), Nicholhia kashiensis was selected for the purpose. The work is divided into a number of chapters, each dealing with one topic. The account begins with description of the external mor­ phology, ecology and observations on feeding habits, locomotion, respiration, etc. of specimens in captivity. In subsequent chapters each organ system is dealt with separately, and the material includes mor­ phology, gross structure and histology of each system. Where possible, experiments on live specimens to elucidate the process of ingestion of food, digestion, defecation etc., and of circulation of blood, palpitation of heart etc., were done. The result is a compre­ hensive account of the Indian species of phreatoicoidea, Nicholhia kashiensis. As such, it is the first work of its kind done on a represen­ tative of Isopoda, phreatoicoidea. Separated as they are by time span and geographic space from their relatives in Australisia and South Africa, the Indian representatives of suborder are naturally, widely, divergent from the main evolutionary branch of the group extant in Australia, New Zealand, etc. Comparison with the Australian and S. African kins brings out certain interesting morphological and anatomical similarities and differences, which show the common affinities and evolutionary divergence of the different GUPTA : Monograph on N, kashiensis 3 stems spatially separated from each other by discontinuous stretches of land and oceans. The details of similarities and divergences are discussed separately in each. While it is not possible to generalise on the basis of single species, it is hoped that similar studies will be undertaken on selected species of Phreatoicoid isopods from Australia and South Africa so as to provide comparative material that could throw light on the evolutionary history of the group and its relationship with other crustaceans. DISTRIBUTION So far, species of the genus Nichollsia have been recorded from a number of isolated localities in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the Gangetic Plains (Fig. 1). From Uttar Pradesh. N. kashiensis has been recorded from deep wells at Lohagara (near Naini in Allahabad District), Varanasi and Ramnagar (oppostive Varanasi on the right bank of Ganga). In Bihar, two species of this genus occur. N. kashiensis has been collected by the author from Chapra and Patna. Another species, Nichollsia menoni, has been described from Monghyr. It appears that diligent surveys in the Gangetic Plains are likely to reveal that this genus may be more widespread in the subterranean waters. Though no published report is now available, it appear that sub­ terranean Phreatoicoids are also available in Andhra Pradesh in South India (pers. commun., P. J. Sanjeeva Raj). MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were collected from the wells with the help of plankton and ordinary nets which were dropped and left overnight and then taken out. For collection of bottom detritus an iron bucket full of water was dropped from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Full Article 6.1MB .Pdf File
    Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 59(2): 457–529 (2002) NEW PHREATOICIDEA (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA) FROM GRAMPIANS NATIONAL PARK, WITH REVISIONS OF SYNAMPHISOPUS AND PHREATOICOPSIS GEORGE D.F. WILSON AND STEPHEN J. KEABLE Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (buzw@austmus.gov.au; stephenk@austmus.gov.au) Abstract Wilson, G.D.F. and Keable S.J. 2002. New Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Grampians National Park, with revisions of Synamphisopus and Phreatoicopsis. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59(2): 457–529. The Grampians National Park, Victoria, has substantial environmental significance owing to the diversity of endemic species restricted to this reserve. We reinforce this observation by reporting six new species and two new genera of isopod crustaceans endemic to the Grampians, and redescribe two previously known Victorian species representing formerly monotypic genera. These isopods are members of the ancient suborder Phreatoicidea, and show diverse morphologies. To demonstrate the basis for the classification of these species, we present a phylogenetic analysis of exemplar species of most extant genera of Phreatoicidea. Our analysis supports the sister group relationship of Phreatoicopsis and Synamphisopus. We observe a rudimentary accessory flagellum on the antennulae of both genera, but this isopod plesiomorphy optimises on the cladograms as a reversal. Two new genera, Naiopegia gen. nov. and Gariwerdeus gen. nov., are members of the Phreatoicidae, but are distinct from any described taxa in this family. Various metazoan and protist epibionts are commonly encoun- tered on these isopods. These species are described using detailed scanning electron microscopy and inked drawings: family Amphisopodidae, Phreatoicopsis raffae sp. nov., Phreatoicopsis terricola Spencer and Hall, 1897, Synamphisopus doegi sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Endemism Among Freshwater Isopods (Crustacea^ Phreatoicidea)
    Ancient endemism among freshwater isopods (Crustacea^ Phreatoicidea) George D. F. Wilson1 and Richard T. Johnson1 Centre for Evolutionary Research, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000 Ancient clades with restricted geographic distributions have been found in the isopod crustacean suborder Phreatoicidea. These isopods colonized fresh water in Gondwana by the Triassic Era and today are restricted to permanent groundwaters. A phylogenetic analysis of 21 exemplar species showed that major cladogenic events took place prior to the fragmentation of Gondwana. Nichollsia, a genus restricted to India, was deeply nested within a Western Australian and Victorian clade. The Phreatoicidae branched off early in all cladograms, with Australian and New Zealand sister clades. Some clades may be closely associated with Gondwanan landmasses that were subdivided by shallow Cretaceous seas. INTRODUCTION distinct genetic forms known from the South Australian artesian springs of the Lake Eyre The Phreatoicidea are the earliest derived supergroup (M. Adams, Environmental Report, isopod Crustacea (Brusca and Wilson 1991), Kinhill Engineers Pty Ltd); Hypsimetopus sp. appearing in the marine fossil record during from near Zeehan, Tasmania, possibly the Carboniferous (~325 mybp: Hessler conspecific with H. intrusor Sayce 1902 but 1969; Schram 1970, 1974). Phreatoicideans variation has not been fully evaluated; cf. invaded fresh waters of the Gondwanan Hyperoedesipus sp. from the Pilbara region supercontinent by the Triassic (Protamphisopus of Western Australia, a new genus with wianamattensis (Chilton 1918), see Nicholls presumed affinities to H. plumosus Nicholls 1943) and subsequently became extinct in the and Milner 1923. The Tasmanian genera oceans. Today, phreatoicideans are restricted are poorly defined but are labelled in Figure to permanent fresh waters and occur in 1 to indicate the possible phreatoicidean Australia as well as on a few other continental diversity of this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity Patterns in Australia
    Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Encyclopedia of Caves, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From William F. Humphreys, Diversity Patterns in Australia. In: William B. White and David C. Culver, editors, Encyclopedia of Caves. Chennai: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 203-219. ISBN: 978-0-12-383832-2 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. Author’s personal copy DIVERSITY PATTERNS IN AUSTRALIA 203 Gams, I., & Gabrovec, M. (1999). Land use and human impact in the Dinaric karst. International Journal of Speleology, 28B(1À4), 55À77. Habic,ˇ P. (1991). Geomorphological classification of NW Dinaric karst. Acta Carsologica, 20, 133À164. Kranjc, A. (2008). History of deforestation and reforestation in the Dinaric karst. Geographical Research, 47(1), 15À23. Mihevc, A. (2007). The age of karst relief in West Slovenia. Acta Carsologica, 36(1), 35À44. Milanovic,´ P. T. (1981). Karst hydrology.
    [Show full text]
  • STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Stuttgarter Beiträge Naturkunde Serie A [Biologie] Jahr/Year: 1999 Band/Volume: 597_A Autor(en)/Author(s): Erhard Friedhelm Artikel/Article: Morphological and Phylogenetical Studies in the Isopoda (Crustacea). Part 2: The Pleopods and Uropods in the Phreatoicidea 1-56 4\y download Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Natur Serie A (Biologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 St: Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A Nr. 597 56 S. Stuttgart, 15. 11. 1999 Morphological and Phylogenetical Studies in the Isopoda (Crustacea). Part 2: The Pleopods and Uropods in the Phreatoicidea By Friedhelm Erhard, Stuttgart With 30 figures Summary The skeleton and musculature of the pleopods I—III andthe uropods in the Australian spe- cies Metaphreatoicus australis (Chilton, 1891) (Phreatoicidea) are described. Each anatomical character, documented in Metaphreatoicus, is checked in further phreatoicidean species from Australia, Tasmania, India and South Africa to reconstruct groundpattern characters of the Phreatoicidea. The comparison with corresponding morphological data in the taxon Onis- cidea indicates character transformations inside the Isopoda. First judgments on the polarity assessment of characters are discussed. Zusammenfassung Das Skelet und die Muskulatur der Pleopoden I—III und der Uropoden der australischen Art Metaphreatoicus australis (Chilton, 1891) (Phreatoicidea) werden dokumentiert. Jedes der an Metaphreatoicus beschriebenen anatomischen Merkmale wird an weiteren Phreatoicidea- Arten aus Australien, Tasmanien, Indien und Südafrika überprüft, um Grundplan-Merkmale der Phreatoicidea zu rekonstruieren. Der Vergleich mit entsprechenden morphologischen Daten des Taxon Oniscidea weist auf Merkmalstransformationen innerhalb der Isopoda hin.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    INTRODUCTION The discovery of a phreatoicid isopod in wells at Varanasi (Chopra, 1947) was hailed as' an incident of great zoogeographical importance because, barring a couple of species of phreatoicids from the Cape Province of South Africa, the living species of the suborder phreatoi­ coidea of isopods are now confined to the Australian continent, Tasmania and New zealand. Described by Chopra and Tiwari (1950) as a new species under a new genus, N ichollsia kashiense was found to be common in deep wells at Varanasi, and some specimen were also available from a well at Lohagara near Naini in Allahabad District of Uttar Pradesh. A few year later, Tiwari (1955) described another species, Nichollsia menoni, from an abandoned well in Monghyr in Bihar State, extending the distribution of the genus eastward in the Gangetic Plain. Subsequent surveys have revealed that Nichollsia kashiensis occurs in several other localities in U. P. and Bihar, i. e., Ramnagar (opposite Varanasi on the right bank of Ganga), Chapra and Patna (Gupta, 1980). In a personal communication to Dr. K. K. Tiwari, Prof. P. J. Sanjeeva Raj of Madras Christian College, Tambaram (Madras), informs that he has material of phreatoicid isopods from Andhra Pradesh (locality not revealed) in South India obtained during deep drilling operations for boring tube wells. The phreatoicoidea is a primitive suborder of isopods which seems to have evolved during the palaeozoic in the old landmass known as Gondwanaland. Apart from Australia) Newzealand and Tasmania where several living species belonging to many genera still survive in surface as well as subterranean waters, recent representatives of this group have a discontinuous distribution in India, in the Gangetic Plain and Andhra Pradesh (Peninsular India), and in the Cape Province of South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biogeography, Systematics and Conservation Of
    THE BIOGEOGRAPHY, SYSTEMATICS AND CONSERVATION OF PHREATOICIDEAN ISOPODS IN SOUTH AFRICA GAVIN GOUWS Promoter: Prof. B. A. COOK (Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia) Co-promoter: Dr. C. A. MATTHEE (Department of Zoology, University of Stellenbosch) Dissertation presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Zoology) at the Department of Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa December 2004 Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety, or in part, been submitted at any university for a degree. All references and help received have been fully acknowledged. Signature:……………………………….. Date:…………………………………… i Abstract Historically, isopods of the suborder Phreatoicidea were thought to be represented in southern Africa by four species belonging to the endemic genus Mesamphisopus. This taxonomy was based on poor collections and the extent of variation among and within populations were poorly understood. In the present study, intensive sampling was undertaken to determine the diversity, distribution and biogeography of phreatoicidean isopods within South Africa. Analyses of allozyme data and mitochondrial DNA sequences (from the 12S rRNA and protein-coding COI genes) were used to examine differentiation among populations, extricate species boundaries (in combination with morphometric and morphological data) and to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among taxa. Additionally, conservation units were identified among the sampled populations and conservation threats highlighted. First, genetic and morphometric differentiation was examined among populations identified morphologically as M. capensis. Collection localities spanned two mountainous regions in the Western Cape and these were separated by a coastal plain remnant.
    [Show full text]
  • ASF-M-00156\Lst Coast
    Subterranean wetlands of arid Australia: remipedes, spelaeogriphaceans & diving beetles William Humphreys, Chris Watts, Remko Leys and Steve Cooper Western Australian Museum, South Australian Museum, Adelaide University Stable but dynamic Australia Data: Wilson Emergent since Proterozoic Bradbury WH Cretaceous inundation Islands of freshwater ancients and shore colonisation. Denudation: 6 km since Jurassic 12 km since Permian (Belton et al. 2004) changes geological Tainisopidea context: Christmas Island Karst areas 1000 km Current climate Arid zone — evaporation>rainfall Anchialine systems Circum-global distribution—tropics and subtropics mostlyEpicontinental in arid areas and oceanic anchialine systems ? Cape Range peninsula Exmouth Bundera Sinkhole Ningaloo The most important biodiversity site C-28 in Australia Cape Range — hydrological environment near the coast Terraces Cape Range Coastal plain Interface caves Freshwater lens Ocean Saltwater 100 m intrusion Groundwater estuary Ocean Height Sinkhole 2000 mm height 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 26 27 28 29 30 Sidereal day 1100 1000 900 800 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Ocean Height mm Bundera Sinkhole C-28 Large white gliding filiamentous sulphur oxidizing bacteria (chemolithoautotrophs) Thioploca tracking the oxic / anoxic boundary Motile filiaments (Beggiatoa spp.) on sediments and attached filaments on solid surfaces (commonly Thiotrix spp). Photo: Stefan Eberhard, Western Australia Museum Gradients: Depth profile: Bundera Sinkhole Temperature ORP Salinity pH H2S N-species profiles: Bundera Sinkhole H2 S NO 3 Cascade of N-species in upper few metres equivalent to the upper few mm of anoxic muds Remiped anchialine fauna • Structure highly predictable (~ generic composition) • Characteristically with atyid shrimps, thermosbaenaceans, hadziid amphipods, cirolanid isopods, remipeds, thaumatocypridid ostracods.
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Die Anthuridea
    142 Der Versuch, Phylogenie und rezente Vorkommen der Arcturidae zu kombinieren, um die Verbreitungs­ geschichte zu rekonstruieren, ist noch durch die ungenauen Kenntnisse des phylogenetischen Systems der Arcturinae behindert. Daß Pleuroprion noch urtümlicher sein könnte als Antarcturus, wurde im vorhergehen­ den Abschnitt erläutert. Pleuroprion kommt nicht im Südpolarmeer, sondern vor allem in kühlen Meeren der Nordhemisphäre vor (s.Abb. 69). Es ist jedoch richtig, daß die Arcturidae in der Antarktis eine große Formenvielfalt aufweisen, die bislang erst nur zum Teil beschrieben weden konnte (vgl. Schultz 1981). Spezialisiertere Gattungen wie Neastacilla, Astacilla oder Arcturella dagegen haben ihren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt weiter nördlich, was Kussakin (1973) zu der These des polaren Ursprunges der Arcturinae veranlaßte. Wägele (1987d) begründet die reiche Entfaltung der Arcturinae im Südpolarmeer mit den in jenen strömungs- und saisonal planktonreichen Gewässern für passive Filtrierer günstigen Lebensbedingungen und spekuliert, daß in derartigen Biotopen die frühe Evolution der Arcturidae stattgefunden haben könnte. Es ist gut bekannt, daß das obere Litoral des Südpolarmeeres reich an Suspensionsfressern ist (s. Ushakov 1963, Dearborn 1968, Koltun 1970). Die antarktischen Biotope haben auch im Vergleich zu denen des Nordpolarmeeres ein hohes Alter, da nach einer vor 40 Millionen Jahren beginnenden Abkühlung die erste Vereisung des Kontinents mindestens 20 Millionen Jahre zurückliegt (Benson 1975, Hayes & Frakes 1977, Birkenmajer 1985); die Auswirkungen der känozoischen Klimaschwankungen auf das südpolare Litoral sind allerdings noch nicht genau bekannt (Denton et al. 1970, Van Zinderen Bakker 1978). Das Alter der Familie Arcturidae dürfte jedoch höher sein als das der polaren Biotope, da zu vermuten ist, daß die meisten supragenerischen Taxa der Isopoda bereits existierten, als es den Atlantik noch nicht gab, was u.a.
    [Show full text]
  • New Genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2002 Records of the Australian Museum (2002) Vol. 54: 41–70. ISSN 0067-1975 New Genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia GEORGE D.F. WILSON AND STEPHEN J. KEABLE Centre for Evolutionary Research, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia buzw@austmus.gov.au · stephenk@austmus.gov.au ABSTRACT. Three new species belonging to new monotypic genera from Western Australia are added to the phreatoicidean isopod family Amphisopodidae: Eremisopus beei n.gen., n.sp. from the northwestern Kimberley region, Peludo paraliotus n.gen., n.sp. from Cape le Grand on the southern coast, and Platypyga subpetrae n.gen., n.sp. from Stirling Range. All species are illustrated using scanning electron micrographs. Both Ciliophora and ostracode Crustacea were found as epibionts on these species. All three isopod genera have highly restricted geographic distributions and could be threatened by anthropogenic degradation of their environments. Western Australia now has eight described genera of Amphisopodidae and Hypsimetopodidae, a generic diversity similar to Tasmania. Members of the Phreatoicidae, however, are absent in Western Australia. The distribution of Western Australian phreatoicideans suggests that they may have originally diversified in East Gondwana, while the Phreatoicidae show relationships to West Gondwana. A key to genera of Western Australia Phreatoicidea is included. WILSON, GEORGE D.F., & STEPHEN J. KEABLE, 2002. New genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 54(1): 41–70. The description of two new isopod genera in the suborder 1989; Brusca & Wilson, 1991), and their Palaeozoic fossil Phreatoicidea (Wilson & Keable, 1999; Knott & Halse, record (Wilson & Keable, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • New Genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2002 Records of the Australian Museum (2002) Vol. 54: 41–70. ISSN 0067-1975 New Genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia GEORGE D.F. WILSON AND STEPHEN J. KEABLE Centre for Evolutionary Research, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia buzw@austmus.gov.au · stephenk@austmus.gov.au ABSTRACT. Three new species belonging to new monotypic genera from Western Australia are added to the phreatoicidean isopod family Amphisopodidae: Eremisopus beei n.gen., n.sp. from the northwestern Kimberley region, Peludo paraliotus n.gen., n.sp. from Cape le Grand on the southern coast, and Platypyga subpetrae n.gen., n.sp. from Stirling Range. All species are illustrated using scanning electron micrographs. Both Ciliophora and ostracode Crustacea were found as epibionts on these species. All three isopod genera have highly restricted geographic distributions and could be threatened by anthropogenic degradation of their environments. Western Australia now has eight described genera of Amphisopodidae and Hypsimetopodidae, a generic diversity similar to Tasmania. Members of the Phreatoicidae, however, are absent in Western Australia. The distribution of Western Australian phreatoicideans suggests that they may have originally diversified in East Gondwana, while the Phreatoicidae show relationships to West Gondwana. A key to genera of Western Australia Phreatoicidea is included. WILSON, GEORGE D.F., & STEPHEN J. KEABLE, 2002. New genera of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 54(1): 41–70. The description of two new isopod genera in the suborder 1989; Brusca & Wilson, 1991), and their Palaeozoic fossil Phreatoicidea (Wilson & Keable, 1999; Knott & Halse, record (Wilson & Keable, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • B~BL~06RAPHY of the Zoological Survey of India Publications in the Twentieth Century (1916-1999)
    A B~BL~06RAPHY of The Zoological Survey of India Publications in the Twentieth Century (1916-1999) J. R. B. ALFRED S. CHAKRABORTY R. CHAKRABORTY ENVIS Centre Zoological Survey of India A BIBLIOGRAPHY of THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA PUBLICA1'I()NS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (1916-1999) J. R. 8. Alfred S. Chakrabo.-ty R. Chakraborty ENVIS Centre Zoological Survey of India M-Block, New Alip()re Calcutta CITATION Alfred, 1.R.B.; Chakraborty, S. and Chakraborty, R. 2000. A Bibliography (~rthe Zoological Survey (~r India Publications ill the Twentieth Century: 1-255. (Published-Director, ZSI, Calcutta) Published: March, 2000 ISBN 81-85874-44-1 © GOVer11111ellt of India, 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form ·of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. : 500.00 Foreign $ (U.S.) 30 £ 20 Published at the ENVIS Centre by the Director ZoologicaJ Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Calcutta 700053 and funded by the Ministry of Environment & forests, Govt of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde Serie a (Biologie)
    Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A Nr. 623 45 S. Stuttgart, 20. 7. 2001 Morphological and Phylogenetical Studies in the Isopoda (Crustacea). Part 3: The Pleon Trunk in the Asellota By Friedhelm Erhard, Stuttgart With 23 figures Summary The skeleton and musculature of the pleon trunk as well as further anatomical characters in basal species of the isopodan group Asellota are described. As far as possible, functional in- terpretations on the skeletal and muscular systems are proposed. The attempt is made to re- construct groundpattern characters of the asellotan pleon trunk. The comparison with corre- sponding morphological data in the taxa Phreatoicidea and Oniscidea indicates character transformations inside the Isopoda. First judgements on the polarity assessment of characters are discussed. Zusammenfassung Das Skelet und die Muskulatur des Pleonrumpfes sowie weitere anatomische Merkmale ba- saler Arten der Isopodengruppe Asellota werden dokumentiert. Soweit dies möglich ist, wer- den Hypothesen zur Funktion des Skelet-Muskel-Systems vorgeschlagen. Es wird der Ver- such unternommen, Grundplan-Merkmale des Pleonrumpfes der Asellota zu rekonstruieren. Der Vergleich mit entsprechenden morphologischen Daten der Taxa Phreatoicidea und Onis- cidea weist auf Merkmalstransformationen innerhalb der Isopoda hin. Erste Einschätzungen zur Lesrichtung der Merkmale werden diskutiert. Contents 1. Introduction . 2 2. Material, methods and abbreviations . 3 2.1. Material . 3 2.2. Methods . 4 2.3. Abbreviations . 4 3. Previous investigations and terminology . 5 4. Skeleton and musculature of the pleon trunk . 7 4.1. Skeleton . 7 4.1.1. Exoskeleton . 7 4.1.1.1.
    [Show full text]