Download Full Article 6.1MB .Pdf File
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
New Zealand's Genetic Diversity
1.13 NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6022, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The known genetic diversity represented by the New Zealand biota is reviewed and summarised, largely based on a recently published New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. All kingdoms and eukaryote phyla are covered, updated to refl ect the latest phylogenetic view of Eukaryota. The total known biota comprises a nominal 57 406 species (c. 48 640 described). Subtraction of the 4889 naturalised-alien species gives a biota of 52 517 native species. A minimum (the status of a number of the unnamed species is uncertain) of 27 380 (52%) of these species are endemic (cf. 26% for Fungi, 38% for all marine species, 46% for marine Animalia, 68% for all Animalia, 78% for vascular plants and 91% for terrestrial Animalia). In passing, examples are given both of the roles of the major taxa in providing ecosystem services and of the use of genetic resources in the New Zealand economy. Key words: Animalia, Chromista, freshwater, Fungi, genetic diversity, marine, New Zealand, Prokaryota, Protozoa, terrestrial. INTRODUCTION Article 10b of the CBD calls for signatories to ‘Adopt The original brief for this chapter was to review New Zealand’s measures relating to the use of biological resources [i.e. genetic genetic resources. The OECD defi nition of genetic resources resources] to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological is ‘genetic material of plants, animals or micro-organisms of diversity [e.g. genetic diversity]’ (my parentheses). -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 05:23:45PM Via Free Access 24 R
Contributions to Zoology, 70 (1) 23-39 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Hierarchical analysis of mtDNA variation and the use of mtDNA for isopod (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) systematics R. Wetzer Invertebrate Zoology, Crustacea, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, [email protected] Keywords: 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, mitochondrial DNA, isopod, Crustacea, molecular Abstract Transition/transversion bias 30 Discussion 32 Nucleotide composition 32 Carefully collected molecular data and rigorous analyses are Transition/transversionbias 34 revolutionizing today’s phylogenetic studies. Althoughmolecular Sequence divergences 34 data have been used to estimate various invertebrate phylogenies Rate variation across 34 lor lineages more than a decade,this is the first ofdifferent study survey Conclusions 35 of regions mitochondrial DNA in isopod crustaceans assessing Acknowledgements 36 sequence divergence and hence the usefulness ofthese regions References 36 to infer phylogeny at different hierarchical levels. 1 evaluate three loci fromthe mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs genome (two (12S, 16S) and oneprotein-coding (COI)) for their appropriateness in inferring isopod phylogeny at the suborder level and below. Introduction The patterns are similar for all three loci with the most speciose suborders ofisopods also having the most divergent mitochondrial The crustacean order Isopoda is important and nucleotide sequences. Recommendations for designing an or- because it has a broad dis- der- or interesting geographic suborder-level molecular study in previously unstudied groups of Crustacea tribution and is diverse. There would include: (1) collecting a minimum morphologically are of two-four species or genera thoughtto be most divergent, (2) more than 10,000 described marine, freshwater, sampling the across of interest as equally as possible in group and terrestrial species, ranging in length from 0.5 terms of taxonomic representation and the distributionofspecies, mm to 440 mm. -
'Geo-Log' 2016
‘Geo-Log’ 2016 Journal of the Amateur Geological Society of the Hunter Valley Inc. Contents: President’s Introduction 2 Gloucester Tops 3 Archaeology at the Rocks 6 Astronomy Night 8 Woko National Park 11 Bar Beach Geology and the Anzac Walkway 15 Crabs Beach Swansea Heads 18 Caves and Tunnels 24 What Rock is That? 28 The Third Great Numbat Mystery Reconnaissance Tour 29 Wallabi Point and Lower Manning River Valley Geology 32 Geological Safari, 2016 36 Social Activities 72 Geo-Log 2016 - Page 1 President’s Introduction. Hello members and friends. I am pleased and privileged to have been elected president of AGSHV Inc. for 2016. This is an exciting challenge to be chosen for this role. Hopefully I have followed on from where Brian has left off as he has left big shoes to fill. Brian and Leonie decided to relinquish their long held posts as President and Treasurer (respectively) after many years of unquestionable service to our society, which might I say, was carried out with great efficiency and grace. They have set a high standard. Thank you Brian and Leonie. We also welcomed a new Vice President, Richard Bale and new Treasurer John Hyslop. Although change has come to the executive committee the drive for excellence has not been diminished. Brian is still very involved with organising and running activities as if nothing has changed. The “What Rock Is That” teaching day Brian and Ron conducted (which ended up running over 2 days) at Brian’s home was an outstanding success. Everyone had samples of rocks, with Brian and Ron explaining the processes involved in how these rocks would have formed, and how to identify each sample, along with copious written notes and diagrams. -
Wimmera Cmas Newsletter July Chunnup 2018
Wimmera CMA Newsletter A summary of recent events For upcoming events, please visit our website or follow us on Facebook. Winter: Late May-end of July Chunnup season is depicted by cockatoos, fungi as well as clothes, Totems and the return of Aquila constellation (Bunjil). Long cloaks were made from possum skins. Old people and pregnant women rubbed emu fat into the skin for protection from the cold. For ornamentation, people wore kangaroo teeth necklaces, hat mats and nose piercings. The first of the winter orchids appear including tall greenhood and early Nancy Lily are in flower. Many early Wattles such as Long leafed Wattle, Golden Wattle and Prickly Moses are also in flower. Possums have young in pouch during Chunnup, Sugar gliders give birth and Echidnas are searching for mates. Rising waters cause ducks to seek new feeding and nesting areas and Lapwings are nesting on eggs. Swans and Coot graze on lake shores. Frogs actively call during Chunnup and the ponds are full of water creatures. WATER IN THE WIMMERA Environmental Flows: Flows are temporarily ceasing to ensure sufficient water availability for flows later in winter/spring. However if dry conditions persist, flows for the Wimmera River, Mt William Creek and lower MacKenzie River will recommence in mid-late July. These flows are important to manage water quality issues and maintain habitat. Monitoring: Platypus monitoring along with fish and vegetation monitoring took place on the MacKenzie River, Burnt Creek and Mt William Creek in April. All the monitoring work will be valuable in terms of informing the effectiveness of environmental watering actions and hopefully provide some good engagement outcomes as has been the case in past years. -
(Isopoda: Phreatoicidea: Amphisopodidae) from the Pilbara Region of Western Australia
© Copyright Australian Museum, 1999 Records of the Australian Museum (1999) Vol. 51: 33–42. ISSN 0067-1975 Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus n.gen., n.sp. (Isopoda: Phreatoicidea: Amphisopodidae) from the Pilbara Region of Western Australia BRENTON KNOTT 1 & STUART A. HALSE 2 1 Department of Zoology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6907, Australia [email protected] 2 Department of Conservation and Land Management, Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo WA 6946, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, a subterranean phreatoicidean isopod from an intermittent stream in the arid Pilbara region of northwestern Western Australia, is described. With subterranean morphofacies, namely slender vermiform body, eyeless, anteroventral lobe on pereonite 1, reduced abdominal epimera, clearly demarcated pleotelson and lacking in pigment, the species is distinguished particularly by details of the pleotelson. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus is a Gondwanan relic surviving in an aquifer in a region with marked surface aridity. Discovery of P. platyarthricus highlights the importance of groundwater as a reservoir of biological diversity. KNOTT, BRENTON, & STUART A. HALSE, 1999. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus n.gen., n.sp. (Isopoda: Phreatoicidea: Amphisopodidae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 51(1): 33–42. The Phreatoicidea are ancient isopods, constituting the comparison with that of southern, Australia seems much earliest derived members (Brusca & Wilson, 1991) and reduced with the only records, until recently, from the South having the longest known fossil record of all living isopods. Alligator River area of the Northern Territory (Nicholls, Their fossil record dates from the Essex fossil beds at Mazon 1943; Knott, 1975). -
A New Family and Genus of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Artesian Springs in Southwestern Queensland, Australia
A NEW FAMILY AND GENUS OF PHREATOICIDEA (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA) FROM ARTESIAN SPRINGS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA GEORGE D.F. WILSON AND STEPHEN J. KEABLE Wilson, G.D.F. & Keable, S.J. 2004 06 30: A new family and genus of Phreatoicidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from artesian springs in southwestern Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49(2): 741-759. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Two new species of phreatoicidean isopods from artesian springs in southwestern Queensland are described. These taxa have been shown to form a clade that is distinct from all other taxa in the suborder. Therefore, a new genus, Ponderella, and a new family, Ponderellidae, are established for this clade. These two epigean species share many features in common with the hypogean family Hypsimetopidae but lack their derived features, such as elongate bodies or curved claw-like uropodal endopods. Both new species share an enlarged fourth article of the antennula, a synapomorphy that occurs in no other phreatoicidean. Their pleotelsons are also distinctive in having relatively unelaborated posterior margins that are indented at the apices. The two species differ in several morphological traits that vary at the generic level or higher in other families of the Phreatoicidea: size of the lacinia mobilis on the right mandible; distinctive modifications of the male pereopod IV in one of the species; presence or absence of propodal articular plates on the posterior pereopods; presence or absence of the pleopodal lateral epipods; and shape of the pleotelson in lateral view. These species occur sympatrically in two adjacent localities in the Eulo mound springs supergroup. -
Ancient Endemism Among Freshwater Isopods (Crustacea^ Phreatoicidea)
Ancient endemism among freshwater isopods (Crustacea^ Phreatoicidea) George D. F. Wilson1 and Richard T. Johnson1 Centre for Evolutionary Research, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000 Ancient clades with restricted geographic distributions have been found in the isopod crustacean suborder Phreatoicidea. These isopods colonized fresh water in Gondwana by the Triassic Era and today are restricted to permanent groundwaters. A phylogenetic analysis of 21 exemplar species showed that major cladogenic events took place prior to the fragmentation of Gondwana. Nichollsia, a genus restricted to India, was deeply nested within a Western Australian and Victorian clade. The Phreatoicidae branched off early in all cladograms, with Australian and New Zealand sister clades. Some clades may be closely associated with Gondwanan landmasses that were subdivided by shallow Cretaceous seas. INTRODUCTION distinct genetic forms known from the South Australian artesian springs of the Lake Eyre The Phreatoicidea are the earliest derived supergroup (M. Adams, Environmental Report, isopod Crustacea (Brusca and Wilson 1991), Kinhill Engineers Pty Ltd); Hypsimetopus sp. appearing in the marine fossil record during from near Zeehan, Tasmania, possibly the Carboniferous (~325 mybp: Hessler conspecific with H. intrusor Sayce 1902 but 1969; Schram 1970, 1974). Phreatoicideans variation has not been fully evaluated; cf. invaded fresh waters of the Gondwanan Hyperoedesipus sp. from the Pilbara region supercontinent by the Triassic (Protamphisopus of Western Australia, a new genus with wianamattensis (Chilton 1918), see Nicholls presumed affinities to H. plumosus Nicholls 1943) and subsequently became extinct in the and Milner 1923. The Tasmanian genera oceans. Today, phreatoicideans are restricted are poorly defined but are labelled in Figure to permanent fresh waters and occur in 1 to indicate the possible phreatoicidean Australia as well as on a few other continental diversity of this area. -
Grampians 2018 OVG.Pdf
OFFICIAL VISITOR GUIDE Grampians visitgrampians.com.au CONTENTS Discover the Grampians Region 4 Getting Here 7 Discover the Great Outdoors 8 Discover Our Parks 10 Discover the North 12 Discover the East 24 Grampians Region Map 33 Discover the South 34 Discover the West 40 Step into an Ancient Landscape 48 Art, History and Culture 50 Discover Aboriginal Heritage 52 Discover Wine Regions and Wineries 54 Explore by Road 58 Discover Events and Festivals 61 visitgrampians.com.au Follow us: @thegrampians #grampians #grampianspeakstrail #grampiansway Published March 2018 by Grampians Tourism Board Inc www.grampianstourism.com.au Information in this booklet is correct at time of printing. Silent Street Photo by Rob Blackburn Design by Artifishal Studios · artifishal.com.au Front cover image: Mt Abrupt, near Dunkeld visitgrampians.com.au | 3 DISCOVER THE GRAMPIANS REGION EXPLORE BIG NATURE WILDFLOWERS Welcome! Explore the great Discover vibrant Step into the Whether outdoors and wildflowers, ‘Grampians you’re a wine jump right into the rugged garden’! Wander taster, outdoor Grampians with mountains through diverse explorer or magnificent sights and majestic landscapes, vivid and a multitude waterfalls, while wildflowers that food finder, of activities. getting up close change with the the Grampians Discover the best to the natural seasons, taking in region has of the Grampians inhabitants such everything from an adventure region at your as kangaroos, sub-alpine forest waiting for you. own pace by wallabies and and woodlands With diverse following one emus as you go. to heathlands, areas to explore of our popular Renowned for swamps and and stories touring routes. rugged mountain riverine territory. -
Lack of Taxonomic Differentiation in An
ARTICLE IN PRESS Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2005) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Lack of taxonomic diVerentiation in an apparently widespread freshwater isopod morphotype (Phreatoicidea: Mesamphisopidae: Mesamphisopus) from South Africa Gavin Gouws a,¤, Barbara A. Stewart b, Conrad A. Matthee a a Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa b Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, 444 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia Received 20 December 2004; revised 2 June 2005; accepted 2 June 2005 Abstract The unambiguous identiWcation of phreatoicidean isopods occurring in the mountainous southwestern region of South Africa is problematic, as the most recent key is based on morphological characters showing continuous variation among two species: Mesam- phisopus abbreviatus and M. depressus. This study uses variation at 12 allozyme loci, phylogenetic analyses of 600 bp of a COI (cyto- chrome c oxidase subunit I) mtDNA fragment and morphometric comparisons to determine whether 15 populations are conspeciWc, and, if not, to elucidate their evolutionary relationships. Molecular evidence suggested that the most easterly population, collected from the Tsitsikamma Forest, was representative of a yet undescribed species. Patterns of diVerentiation and evolutionary relation- ships among the remaining populations were unrelated to geographic proximity or drainage system. Patterns of isolation by distance were also absent. An apparent disparity among the extent of genetic diVerentiation was also revealed by the two molecular marker sets. Mitochondrial sequence divergences among individuals were comparable to currently recognized intraspeciWc divergences. Sur- prisingly, nuclear markers revealed more extensive diVerentiation, more characteristic of interspeciWc divergences. -
(Western) 2020-2021 to 2022-2023
o! WHEATLANDS ROAD WEST (CFA) +$ BIG DESERT - TELOPEA NORTH RAINBOW TRANSFER Rainbow STATION (CFA) BIG DESERT +$ RAINBOW - WAGON FLAT WYPERFELD - BOOLIGAL - RAINBOW BOUNDARY SOUTH BOUNDARY COMMON Telopea Downs RA BIG DESERT - TELOPIA BOUNDARY BIG DESERT - BROADIES TRACK BIG DESERT - NETTING FENCE EAST E BIG DESERT - NETTING FENCE CENTRAL o! E Angip Netherby E Jeparit Yanac JEPARIT - CROW SWAMP +$ E ANTWERP - DATCHAK CREEK WALPA +$ DIAPUR RAIL E YARDS (CFA) MCKENZIE PARK STREET +$ AVE (CFA) NHILL (CFA) Wallup +$ +$ Nhill SALISBURY - SALISBURY wy H NHILL - NHILL SOUTH ROAD ng +$ ru SWAMP 2020 +$ Bo Du ke s H w y Western Hwy Miram Gerang Gerung Kaniva DIMBOOLA - LOCHIEL Serviceton REST STOP +$ E LITTLE DESERT LITTLE DESERT PATTERSON - EAST BLOCK - EAST BLOCK DIMBOOLA - RANCH +$ STREET LITTLE DESERT LITTLE DESERT - NORTHERN BREAK NORTHERN BREAK BILLABONG WALPA (CFA) - NATURE EAST BLOCK NORTHERN +$ +$ LODGE (CFA) BREAK +$ LITTLE DESERT - EAST LITTLE DESERT - BLOCK NORTHERN BREAK STRINGBARK TK WAIL - BOTTLEBRUSH TRACK E Wail LITTLE DESERT - EAGLE SWAMP TRACK IB STAGE 2 KANIVA - LITTLE KANIVA DESERT - E LILLIMUR SOUTH - LD SOUTH (CFA) TALLAGEIRA TRACK PHILLIPS TRACK IB LITTLE DESERT LITTLE DESERT E - JUNGKUM LITTLE DESERT - EAGLE SWAMP TRACK IB - MCCABES TRACK IB STAGE 2 Little HUT TRACK Desert LITTLE DESERT - LITTLE DESERT - (East) RA LITTLE DESERT MCABES HUT TRACK IB NHILL-HARROW RD GRASS FLAT LILLIMUR SOUTH - LAWLOIT NURCOUNG - - SALT - LD LILLIMUR TRACK IB MCDONALDS TRACK IB LAKE TRACK HWY N2 Pimpinio y w H y t n e H Little Desert LITTLE -
Diversity Patterns in Australia
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Encyclopedia of Caves, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From William F. Humphreys, Diversity Patterns in Australia. In: William B. White and David C. Culver, editors, Encyclopedia of Caves. Chennai: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 203-219. ISBN: 978-0-12-383832-2 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. Author’s personal copy DIVERSITY PATTERNS IN AUSTRALIA 203 Gams, I., & Gabrovec, M. (1999). Land use and human impact in the Dinaric karst. International Journal of Speleology, 28B(1À4), 55À77. Habic,ˇ P. (1991). Geomorphological classification of NW Dinaric karst. Acta Carsologica, 20, 133À164. Kranjc, A. (2008). History of deforestation and reforestation in the Dinaric karst. Geographical Research, 47(1), 15À23. Mihevc, A. (2007). The age of karst relief in West Slovenia. Acta Carsologica, 36(1), 35À44. Milanovic,´ P. T. (1981). Karst hydrology. -
Behind the Scenes
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 350 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to postal submissions, we always guarantee that your feedback goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. AUTHOR THANKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Climate map data adapted from Peel MC, Anthony Ham Finlayson BL & McMahon TA (2007) ‘Updated Thanks to Maryanne Netto for sending me World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate to such wonderful places – your legacy will Classification’, Hydrology and Earth System endure. To co-authors Trent and Kate who Sciences, 11, 163344. brought such excellence to the book. To David Andrew for so many wise wildlife tips. And to Cover photograph: Loch Ard Gorge, Port every person whom I met along the road – Campbell National Park, David South/Alamy.