Tropical Macroalgae As a Natural Alternative for the Mitigation of Methane Emissions in Ruminant Livestock Systems

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tropical Macroalgae As a Natural Alternative for the Mitigation of Methane Emissions in Ruminant Livestock Systems ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Machado, Lorenna (2015) Tropical macroalgae as a natural alternative for the mitigation of methane emissions in ruminant livestock systems. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46419/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46419/ Tropical macroalgae as a natural alternative for the mitigation of methane emissions in ruminant livestock systems Thesis submitted by Lorenna Machado BSc, MSc In July 2015 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, and the College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Statement of access ______________________________________________________________________ I, the undersigned, the author of this work, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the university Library and, via the Australian Digital Theses Network, for use elsewhere. I understand that, as an unpublished work, this thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and I do not wish to place any further restrictions upon access to this work. __________________________ _________________________ Signature Date ii Animal ethics ______________________________________________________________________ The research presented and reported in this thesis was conducted according to experimental guidelines approved by CSIRO Animal Ethics Committee (A5/2011) and in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (NHMRC, 2004). iii Electronic copy ______________________________________________________________________ I, the undersigned, the author of this work, declare that the electronic copy of this thesis provided to the James Cook University Library is an accurate copy of the print thesis submitted, within the limits of the technology available. __________________________ _________________________ Signature Date iv Statement of the contribution of others ______________________________________________________________________ This research project was financially supported by the College of Marine and Environmental Sciences and the Graduate Research School of James Cook University, Townsville (JCU), the Advanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre (AMCRC), MBD Energy Limited and the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) provided in kind support throughout the thesis under the National Livestock Methane Project. Stipend support was provided by the AMCRC through an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship. My primary supervisor Rocky de Nys (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) and associate supervisors Nicholas Paul (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia), Marie Magnusson (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia), and Nigel Tomkins (CSIRO, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) provided intellectual guidance, financial support, editorial assistance and advice for research experiments. Nicholas Paul (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) provided statistical advice (Chapters 2, 3, and 4). Marie Magnusson (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) provided support in the biochemical analysis of fatty acids (FAME – Chapter 2) and secondary metabolites (Chapter 4). v Nigel Tomkins (CSIRO, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) provided access to laboratories, specialist equipment and the donor steers used throughout this research. Pedro de Paula Silva (JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) assisted with the rumen sampling of animals (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) and provided editorial and statistical advice (Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5). Robert Kinley (CSIRO, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) assisted with rumen sampling (Chapter 4 and 5) and provided editorial advice (Chapters 3 and 4). Carly Rosewarne (CSIRO, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) provided access to her laboratories, specialised analytical equipment, and advice and supervision in metagenomics analysis (Chapter 5). She also provided intellectual guidance and editorial advice with microbial experiments. Yi Hu (Advanced Analytical Centre (AAC), JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) conducted all metal analyses of macroalgae biomass (Chapters 2). Shane Askew (AAC, JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) provided analytical advice for the analysis of FAME, gas and volatile fatty acids (VFA) using gas-chromatography mass- spectrometry (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5) performed at the ACC (Cairns and Townsville). Peter Isherwood (University of Queensland, Gatton College, Queensland, Australia) performed the VFA and ammonia-N assays (Chapters 2, 3, and 4). Finally, Jeffrey Palpratt was responsible for the handling and maintenance of donor steers at the College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences (JCU). vi Acknowledgements ______________________________________________________________________ This PhD has been an amazing experience and a journey of highs and lows, in which I have learnt a great deal through persistence, dedication and an excellent advisory team. My research was made possible due to the help and enthusiastic participation of many people to who I am eternally thankful. I look forward to applying my newly acquired skills to the next challenges of my working life. I would like to thank my primary supervisor Rocky de Nys for believing in me and giving me the incredible opportunity to do this PhD. Rocky, your enthusiasm, support, professionalism, meticulous reviews and invaluable advice on how to improve and how to deal with unexpected situations has certainly guided me to the completion of this thesis. I am forever grateful for having the opportunity to be one of your students. I also want to thank my associate supervisors, Nicholas Paul, Marie Magnusson and Nigel Tomkins whom were always enthusiastic and ready to help, each with strengths that complement the others. Nick, who would guess that a five minutes conversion in the kitchen with you would take me through this unexpected life-changing journey? Your way of seeing things in a clear and straightforward manner has opened my mind many times, when I was too deep into my own thoughts, to see how simple research should be. Marie, your patience to teach me all the methodologies and analytical techniques required for the progress of my PhD and all the time you spent in the lab with me will never be forgotten. Thank you for being available during all meetings and vii in “between meetings”, and for encouraging me to think for myself about the best alternatives to overcome stressful situations. Nigel, you were the last supervisor to guide me but one of the best people I have ever encountered in my life. Your dedication, knowledge and hard work have always inspired me to keep going, even when things did not go as planned and I had to take the painful “executive decision” to change the direction of my research. Even when you were away working on one of your adventures, you gave me the opportunity to always contact you and were always happy to answer my questions. Thank you for all the support, guidance and for introducing me to all your work colleagues and family who I deeply admire. I would also like to thank Carly Rosewarne from CSIRO (Sydney) who warmly welcomed me to her laboratory and patiently helped me throughout all the microbial analysis. I want to thank my dear family for their unconditional support, patience and friendship throughout all my past nine years in Australia. I would like to especially thank my mother Neusa Ruela and my father Pedro Machado for encouraging me to follow my dreams and respecting my choices even when they took me to the other side of the globe. You are my examples that with determination, hard work and a good attitude everything is possible. I am grateful to my sister Lígia Machado for our daily talks and laughs while I was in Australia, you definitely helped me and made me feel loved even when I was so far away from you and your children. I also wish to thank my beloved husband Pedro de Paula Silva for his support and companionship at stressful times. Thank you for looking after me, helping me through all the stages of this thesis, for viii making sure I was well fed and for reminding me that there is more to life than only obligations. Fun times are also important and even better when you are by my side. For their generous assistance in this research and for making this journey much more enjoyable, I would like to acknowledge my colleagues and friends from CSIRO, Jenny Stanford and Robert Kinley, and from MARFU, Alex, Amanda, Ana, Andy, Bec, Ben, Bjoern, Boer, Dave, Giovanni, Jon, Kerri-Lee, Leo, Maria, Matt, Mick, Scotty, Simon, Sophie, Tine, Tom, Vero, Zoe, Zuzu and many others. Last but not least, I would like to thank all my friends from Bergin Massive, Hartini, Lorenzo, Ganesh, Mick, and Kerri-lee for accepting me in their house and making me feel part of their big family during the last year of my PhD. Your friendship, amazing dinners and easy going perception of life will never be forgotten. I also want to thank my closest friends Amanda, Pedro, Rahel, Davina, Jess, Kate and Dicko for all the great
Recommended publications
  • Transfer of Bromoform Present in Asparagopsis Taxiformis to Milk and Urine of Lactating Dairy Cows
    foods Article Safety and Transfer Study: Transfer of Bromoform Present in Asparagopsis taxiformis to Milk and Urine of Lactating Dairy Cows Wouter Muizelaar 1,2,* , Maria Groot 3 , Gert van Duinkerken 1, Ruud Peters 3 and Jan Dijkstra 2 1 Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 3 Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (R.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-317-487-941 Abstract: Enteric methane (CH4) is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from ruminants. The red seaweeds Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) and Asparagopsis armata contain halogenated compounds, including bromoform (CHBr3), which may strongly decrease enteric CH4 emissions. Bromoform is known to have several toxicological effects in rats and mice and is quickly excreted by the animals. This study investigated the transfer of CHBr3 present in AT to milk, urine, feces, and animal tissue when incorporated in the diet of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, representing the target dose (low), 2× target dose (medium), and 5× target dose (high). The adaptation period lasted seven days, and subsequently Citation: Muizelaar, W.; Groot, M.; cows were fed AT for 22 days maximally. The transfer of CHBr3 to the urine at days 1 and 10 (10–148 van Duinkerken, G.; Peters, R.; µg/L) was found with all treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • AVW: Aug 21, 2020
    Ag & Vet Weekly Monday August 17 – Friday August 21, 2020 All the news on ASX-listed agriculture and veterinary companies * AUGUST 21: ASX DOWN, AVW-44 UP: WIDE OPEN UP 13.5%; ANATARA DOWN 17% * CANN GROUP OVERSUBSCRIBED PLAN RAISES $25.9m, TOTAL $40.2m * A2 MILK REVENUE UP 33% TO $1.6b, PROFIT UP 34% TO $352m * TASSAL REVENUE UP 0.3% TO $562.5m, PROFIT UP 18% TO $69m * A2 MILK: OFFERS $246m TO ACQUIRE 75% OF MATAURA VALLEY MILK * CSIRO, FUTURE FEED SEAWEED TO REDUCE CATTLE METHANE * REGENEUS: US PATENT FOR SYGENUS FOR SKIN CONDITIONS * ALTHEA: 740 NEW MARIJUANA PATIENTS IN JULY FOR $692k * MEMPHASYS, NEWCASTLE UNI PARTNER FOR IVF * AVECHO: ‘TPM INCREASES MARIJUANA CBD SOLUBILIZATION, IN-VITRO’ * ROOTS REQUESTS ‘CAPITAL RAISING’ TRADING HALT * SEAFARMS PLEADS SCHULTZ TO 50% ASX PRICE QUERY * LAZARD REDUCES TO 9.25% OF RIDLEY * LAZARD BELOW 5% IN COSTA * FONTERRA APPOINTS TEH-HAN CHOW GREATER CHINA CEO * MGC: ‘10-PATIENT ARTEMIC FOR COVID-19 DATA MEETS ENDPOINTS’ MARKET REPORT The Australian stock market was down 0.1 percent on Friday August 21, 2020, with the ASX200 down 8.8 points to 6,111.2 points. Twenty-two of the AVW-44 stocks were up, 14 fell, five traded unchanged and three were untraded. Wide Open Agriculture was the best, up 16.5 cents or 13.5 percent to $1.39, with 2,179,192 shares traded. AP Hemp and Nanollose climbed more than 11 percent; Terragen was up 9.1 percent; Tassal improved 5.2 percent; Althea, Cannpal, Clean Seas and Pharmaust rose more than four percent; Elixinol was up 3.1 percent; Creso, Huon, Next Science and THC climbed two percent or more; A2 Milk, Bubs, Opyl and Palla Pharma were up more than one percent; with Apiam, Clover, Nufarm and Select Harvests up by less than one percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweed Resources of the Hawaiian Islands
    Botanica Marina 2019; 62(5): 443–462 Review Karla J. McDermid*, Keelee J. Martin and Maria C. Haws Seaweed resources of the Hawaiian Islands https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0091 rolls, in salads, in stews, with raw fish, or even in cakes Received 4 October, 2018; accepted 15 May, 2019; online first and custards. Real seaweed connoisseurs will tell you what 25 June, 2019 species they have in the refrigerator; for some it is Gracilaria or Asparagopsis; for others it is Pyropia or Ulva. The story Abstract: Up-to-date information about the unique marine of seaweed resources in the Hawaiian Islands is influenced flora of the Hawaiian Islands – its environment, uses, cul- by the geographic isolation of the islands, their dynamic tivation, conservation, and threats – comes from many volcanic development, and the deep tradition of human sources, and is compiled here for the first time. The sea- use of marine macroalgae that can be traced to the early weed resources of the Hawaiian Islands are taxonomically Polynesian inhabitants of the islands. Numerous phycolo- diverse, biogeographically intriguing, ecologically complex, gists have made important contributions to the taxonomy of culturally significant, and economically valuable. Macroal- the Hawaiian marine flora: Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, gae, historically and today, are critical components of the Joseph F. Rock, Minnie Reed, Marie Neal, W.A. Setchell, Paul marine ecosystem, as well as the diet and culture of people Galtsoff, G.F. Papenfuss, Max Doty, George Hollenberg, Gerry living in the islands. Some Hawaiian seaweeds are known Kraft, Bernabé Santelices, Mitchell Hoyle, Lynn Hodgson, to contain valuable bioactive compounds that have poten- Bill Magruder, John Huisman, and most notably Isabella tial medical and pharmaceutical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Report
    final repport Project code: B.CCH.6420 Prepared by: Dr. Nigel Tomkins Dr. Rob Kinley Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) ─ Agriculture Flagship Date published: August 2015 ISBN: 9781741919493 PUBLISHED BY Meat & Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag 991 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059 ished by Development of algae based functional foods for reducing enteric methane emissions from cattle Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government to support the research and development detailed in this publication. 1.1.1.1.1.1 This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ABN 39 081 678 364 (MLA). Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However MLA cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without prior written consent of MLA. B.CCH.6420 Final Report - Development of Algae Based Functional Foods for Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions from Cattle Acknowledgements The project could not have been conducted in full without the valuable input and support of: (i) Lorenna Machado; (ii) Dr Matthew Vucko; (iii) Céline Villart; (iv) JCU Advanced Analytical Centre (Shane Askew); (v) JCU School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Assoc Prof Tony Parker) and Prof Rocky de Nys, MACRO JCU. Page 2 of 55 B.CCH.6420 Final Report - Development of Algae Based Functional Foods for Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions from Cattle Executive summary Marine and freshwater macro algae have the potential to be used as alternative protein and energy sources in ruminant diets.
    [Show full text]
  • Hart Georgia R.Pdf
    GATHERING, CONSUMPTION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT SEAWEEDS ON O‘AHU ISLAND, HAWAI‘I A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY AUGUST 2012 by Georgia M. Hart Thesis Committee Tamara TicktiN, Chairperson Heather McMillen Celia Smith Keywords: limu, macroalgae, traditional knowledge, Native Hawaiian, antioxidant, eutrophication To the beauty and diversity of our shared human heritage ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to express my gratitude for the support aNd guidaNce of my thesis committee, the DepartmeNt of Botany, fellow graduate students and members of the Ticktin Laboratory. Tom RaNker aNd AlisoN Sherwood for their leadership withiN the departmeNt duriNg my degree program. My chairperson, Dr. Tamara TicktiN, for providiNg me holistic support aNd for having a positive and enthusiastic attitude that kept me moviNg forward. Also to Dr. Ticktin for creatiNg a welcomiNg aNd rigorous atmosphere for interdisciplinary research. Dr. Heather McMillen for teachiNg me ethNographic approaches to research and for consistently having high staNdards for my work, including the detailed feedback oN this maNuscript. Dr. Celia Smith for instruction in algal ecology, for sharing her own expertise as well as the kNowledge passed to her through Dr. Isabel AioNa Abbott, aNd for consistently upholding the importaNce of my work. TicktiN lab members Anita Varghese, Isabel Schmidt, Lisa MaNdle, Tamara WoNg, Katie Kamelamela, DaNiela Dutra, ShimoNa Quazi, Dr. Ivone Manzali and Clay Trauernicht for sharing knowledge and resources as well as providing feedback oN my work at each stage iN its developmeNt.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Seaweed Industry Blueprint
    Australian Seaweed Industry Blueprint A Blueprint for Growth by Jo Kelly Australian Seaweed Institute August 2020 ii © 2020 AgriFutures Australia All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-76053-112-6 ISSN 1440-6845 Australian Seaweed Industry Blueprint – A Blueprint for Growth Publication No. 20-072 Project No. PRJ-012324 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, AgriFutures Australia, the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, AgriFutures Australia, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to AgriFutures Australia Communications Team on 02 6923 6900.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Evolution of Highly Conserved Plastid Genome Architecture in Red Seaweeds and Seed Plants
    Lee et al. BMC Biology (2016) 14:75 DOI 10.1186/s12915-016-0299-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Parallel evolution of highly conserved plastid genome architecture in red seaweeds and seed plants JunMo Lee1, Chung Hyun Cho1, Seung In Park1, Ji Won Choi1, Hyun Suk Song1, John A. West2, Debashish Bhattacharya3† and Hwan Su Yoon1*† Abstract Background: The red algae (Rhodophyta) diverged from the green algae and plants (Viridiplantae) over one billion years ago within the kingdom Archaeplastida. These photosynthetic lineages provide an ideal model to study plastid genome reduction in deep time. To this end, we assembled a large dataset of the plastid genomes that were available, including 48 from the red algae (17 complete and three partial genomes produced for this analysis) to elucidate the evolutionary history of these organelles. Results: We found extreme conservation of plastid genome architecture in the major lineages of the multicellular Florideophyceae red algae. Only three minor structural types were detected in this group, which are explained by recombination events of the duplicated rDNA operons. A similar high level of structural conservation (although with different gene content) was found in seed plants. Three major plastid genome architectures were identified in representatives of 46 orders of angiosperms and three orders of gymnosperms. Conclusions: Our results provide a comprehensive account of plastid gene loss and rearrangement events involving genome architecture within Archaeplastida and lead to one over-arching conclusion: from an ancestral pool of highly rearranged plastid genomes in red and green algae, the aquatic (Florideophyceae) and terrestrial (seed plants) multicellular lineages display high conservation in plastid genome architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagopsis Taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): First Record of Gametophytes on the Italian Coast
    R. Barone, A. M. Mannino & M. Marino Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): first record of gametophytes on the Italian coast Abstract Barone, R., Mannino, A. M. & Marino, M.: A~'Paragops is taxi/ormis (Bonnemoisoniales, Rhodophy la): fi rst record or gametophytes on the Ita lian coast. - Bocconea 16(2): 102 1-1025. 2003. - ISSN 1120-4060. Wc repon Asparagopsis taxi/ormis from Trapani, on the western coast or Sicily, where game­ tophytcs havc becn collected for the first lime in May 2000. This is the fi rst record of gamelo­ phytes from Italy and the second record from the western Mediterranean, {he previous one being from Ihe Balearic lslands. Vet. the earliesl Med iterranean record of sporophylcs or Asparagopsis (Ihal could represenl this species or A. armata) dates back IO 1883 from the Island 01' Elba. Thc Sicilian gametophytes were dioecious, in agreement with some authors, ditTering from plants recorded in New Zealand and Australia that ha ve been consistently reported to be monoecious. Whether the gametophytcs from Trapani represent a recent introduction or are the product of meiosis in local populations of Falkenbergia is unknown. Introduction Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan exhibits a heteromorphic Iife hi story, where the erect gametophytic stage alternates with a filamentous sporophyte referred to Fa/kenbergia hillebrandii (Bomet) Falkenberg (Chihara 1961; Rojas & al. 1982). The species is presently widespread in the tropics and the subtropics around the globe (Bonin & Hawkes 1987; Womersley 1994; Vijayaraghavan & Bhatia 1997; Wynne 1998; Marshall & al. 1999). The gamelophytic stage was originall y described by Delile (1813-1826: 295-296, pl. 57, Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny, Phylogeography and Population Genetics of the Red Seaweed Genus Asparagopsis
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Molecular phylogeny, phylogeography and population genetics of the red seaweed genus Asparagopsis Thesis How to cite: Andreakis, Nikolaos (2006). Molecular phylogeny, phylogeography and population genetics of the red seaweed genus Asparagopsis. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2006 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000d56a Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Molecular Phylogeny, Phylogeography and Population Genetics of the red seaweed genus Asparagopsis A thesis submitted to the OPEN University of UKfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Nikolaos Andreakis Laurea in Biological Sciences - University "Federico II" of Naples - Italy Sponsoring Establishment: Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" - Naples, Italy May 2006 Av-nto e, \-J 0 W \ ';-S? "5'""0 3 1)'"'-1£ D~ s~~'n\~<;\otJ Ob MeJL- .2.00S wo -2- DA-TE 0 ~ ftvJM.. \) I \ S'&1E"ttE:-< 200b Che if Mediterraneo sia, que/la nave che va da so/a, Ira ilfuturo la poesia, nella scia di quei marinai, e quell 'onda che non smette mai, che il Mediterraneo sia... Eugenio Bennato CONTENTS THESIS ABSTRACT--
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Supplemental Marine Resources Study GS Sampling and Analysis Plan Mākua Military Reservation O‘Ahu, Hawai‘I ERDC
    X - 13 - TR L Draft Supplemental Marine Resources Study GS Sampling and Analysis Plan Mākua Military Reservation O‘ahu, Hawai‘i ERDC/ 18 January 2013 Laboratory Geotechnical and Structures Structures and Geotechnical Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. For further information, please call, (808) 656-3089 or email, [email protected]. Public comments may be submitted online by email or by mail to: U.S. Army Garrison – Hawai‘i, Environmental Division, Attn: Marine Study - Public Comments, 948 Santos Dumont Ave., Schofield Barracks, HI 96857. ERDC/GSL TR-13-X January 2013 Supplemental Marine Resources Study Field Sampling and Risk Assessment Mākua Military Reservation O‘ahu, Hawai‘i Prepared by: US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) with contributions from University of Hawai‘i at Manoa. Prepared for Compliance Branch, Environmental Division Directorate of Public Works., 948 Santos Dumont Ave. U.S. Army Garrison, Hawai‘i, Schofield Barracks, HI, 96857 ERDC/GSL TR-13-X ii Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................................ iv Acronym List ................................................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Site background
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling the Impact of the Macroalgae Asparagopsis Taxiformis on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and Methane Production
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Modelling the impact of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on rumen microbial fermentation and methane production Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo1* , Juana C. Chagas2, Mohammad Ramin2, and Sophie J. Krizsan2 1 Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique *Correspondence: [email protected] Appliquée aux Ruminants, 75005, Paris, France. 2 Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd, 90183 Umeå, Sweden. Abstract Background: The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural supplement for reducing methane production from cattle. A. taxiformis contains several anti-methanogenic compounds including bromoform that inhibits directly methanogenesis. The positive and adverse effects of A. taxiformis on the rumen microbiota are dose-dependent and operate in a dynamic fashion. It is therefore key to characterize the dynamic response of the rumen microbial fermentation for identifying optimal conditions on the use of A. taxiformis as a dietary supplement for methane mitigation. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to model the effect of A. taxiformis supplementation on the rumen microbial fermentation under in vitro conditions. We adapted a published mathematical model of rumen microbial fermentation to account for A. taxiformis supplementation. We modelled the impact of A. taxiformis on the fermentation and methane production by two mechanisms, namely (i) direct inhibition of the growth rate of methanogens by bromoform and (ii) hydrogen control on sugars utilization and on the flux distribution towards volatile fatty acids production. We calibrated our model using a multi-experiment estimation approach that integrated experimental data with six macroalgae supplementation levels from a published in vitro study assessing the dose-response impact of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Bloom of Tetrasporophytes of the Non-Indigenous Red Alga Asparagopsis Armata in the Northern Adriatic Sea
    ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER AADRAY 58(1): 53 - 62, 2017 Unusual bloom of tetrasporophytes of the non-indigenous red alga Asparagopsis armata in the northern Adriatic Sea Martina ORLANDO-BONACA*, Borut MAVRIČ, Domen TRKOV and Lovrenc LIPEJ Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran,Slovenia * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] The tetrasporophyte of the non-indigenous red alga Asparagopsis armata (the Falkenbergia stage) is considered to be established in Slovenian coastal waters. However, until 2016, it was found only in low coverage and in few localities with hard substrata. The paper reports a recent bloom of these tetrasporophytes in the mediolittoral belt of the Bay of Piran, where thalli of this red alga overgrew the articularted coralline alga Corallina officinalis. The sites affected by this large expansion of tetrasporophytes of A. armata should be regularly monitored in the future, in order to point out which environmental factors are responsible for such phenomenon, and to formulate proper conclusions on the status of this non-indigenous alga in the coastal area concerned. Key words: non-indigenous species; Asparagopsis armata; tetrasporophyte; outburst; northern Adriatic Sea INTRODUCTION an Sea since 1869 (GALIL et al., 2014). Some NIS macrophytes are defined as invasive. According The introduction and spreading of non-indig- to the definition of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION enous (NIS) macrophytes in the Mediterranean (2002), invasive are those NIS “whose introduc- Sea were quite well reviewed in the last decades tion and/or spread outside their natural past or (VERLAQUE, 2001; BOUDOURESQUE & VERLAQUE, present distribution threaten biological diver- 2002; RIBERA-SIGUAN, 2002; TSIAMIS et al., 2008; sity”.
    [Show full text]