1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1019 it is being called-a· headquarters-for an ern this land "for Thy glory and the wei .. military· leaders throughout the world, organization related to areas of Wilson's fare of its people. Guide and illume probably more so than the cainpaigll$ contributions to American and world · them with wisdom in their delibera .. of any other gre·at leader. government. tions. Strengthen them in charity for T.wo days ago was the anniversary of While this idea might lead to the most our people and toward all humanity. the birth of another revered military suitable memorial to President Wilson, Grant that nations recognize in them leader of the Confederacy, Gen. Robert the function to be performed should not Thy unselfish instruments of peace and E. Lee. It detracts nothing from the overshadow the personality of the Presi.. the hope of the oppressed, as embodied reputation of General Lee to point out dent. in the Captive Nations Week resolutic;m that without Stonewall Jackson, Lee's One problem in a functional memorial which they enacted. military stature would be somewhat less. is that it may come to be visited prin.. We pray especially for the t:Tkrainian It was Lee himself who recognized the cipally by that relatively narrow seg.. and all other enslaved peoples, brutally genius of Jackson who, at the time of the ment of our people, and of visitors from subjugated by the forces of commtmism. secession of Virginia, was an obscure abroad, who are interested in the func­ In particular, we pray for the Ukrainian professor at Virginia Military Institute. tion. And that the great majority of people who are the first victims, and In fact, it was a point of Lee's own great.. those to whom we wish to bring the who have suffered unmercifully four ness that he could recognize ability in message of Wilson's ideals and ideas may decades of the ruthless liquidations, others and knew how to use that ability pass it by. starvations, and inhuman tortures of to the best possible advantage. As I now conceive it, the memorial this dreadful scourge, which even threat­ Mr. Speaker, we are proud in Clarks­ should be of such form, and offer such ens the peace of the world. burg and in Harrison County that Stone.. access and other facilities, as will assure Fortify the faith of Thy Ukrainian wall Jackson was born there and spent it a permanent place on the itinerary children, 0 Heavenly Father, keep hope his boyhood either in Clarksburg or at of those who come to Washington to go burning in their hearts, grant them per.. his grandfather's farm and mill a few sightseeing. Especially I would want to severance during their captivity, allevi .. miles south. His birthplace still stands be sure that the hundreds of thousands ate their sufferings, protect them from in Clarksburg and is appropriately of young people who visit us every year the guile of their enemies, that all trou­ marked. His boyhood home, the farm have forcefully called to their attention ble being removed, they may freely serve and mill of his grandfather, is now this man's dedication to the public serv­ Thee. owned by the State and operates as ·a ice. We also implore Thee, 0 God, the State 4-H encampment. Today Jack­ I look forward to speedy approval of guardian of peace and charity, give our son's Mill is one of West Virginia's this joint resolution by the Congress, and enemies true charity, and grant them proudest shrines. Several years ago a wish the commission Godspeed in its remission of their sins. By Thy might monument to the great Stonewall Jack .. work. deliver us from their snares, so that · son was erected on the grounds of the Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. lasting peace and harmony may again Harrison County Courthouse in Clarks- President, I wish to express my gratitude be restored among nations, through Je .. burg. · to the Senator from Utah for his sup.. sus Christ our Lord, Thy Son, who with Thee liveth and reigneth in the unity In making these anniversary remarks, port of the joint efforts in connection I would be remiss if I did not pay some with the joint resolution which I intro­ of the Holy Ghost forever. Amen. tribute to Mr. S. J. Birshtein and Mr. duced earlier today, to create a Com­ J. Z. Terrell, of Clarksburg, great ad­ mission to study the possibilities in the THE JOURNAL mirers of Stonewall Jackson, whose tire­ nature of a memorial to Woodrow wn.. less efforts have contributed greatly to son. The Journal of the proceedings of keeping the memory of this great Ameri­ yesterday was read and approved. can alive in the community of his birth. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent ADJOURNMENT MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE that any Member who may desire to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I comment on the life and character of move that the Senate stand in adjourn.. A message from the Senate by _Mr. General Jackson be permitted to ex­ ment unti112 o'clock noon tomorrow. · McGown, one of its clerks, announced tend his remarks at this point in the The motion was agreed to; and United States of America. warm June day of 1861, at nearby Jackson needs no · words of :ritine to We beseech Thee, 0 Lord, Ruler of Manassas in Virginia, he has been secure his place in .history, but his ex .. the Universe, to graciously look down known and revered. as "Stonewall." empiification of qualities which have upon our Presid~nt _and t:Qe Members of It is not my purpose here to review his contributed much to the growth and Congress, that they ~ay advanc;e in all mUitary feats. . It is sufficient to state strength of the United States are well virtues, ··a.nd continue in health to gov- tna.t his campaigns_have been studied by recalled today .as we face new trials. He · 1020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE January 21 had faith, courage, resolution, ingenuity, House for 1 minute and to revise and I always admired Charlie for his grasp integrity. They served him well, and he extend my remarks. of governmental affairs. This knowl- spent them willingly in the cause for · The SPEAKER. Is there objection edge was readily recognized and after which his conviction and honor impelled · to the request of the gentleman from leaving Congress he associated himself him to fight. Wisconsin? with industry, dealing closely with Fed- As the centennial of the war in which There was no objection. , eral departments. But Charlie contin- he was to die nears, there have been some Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, it ued his interest in public affairs and suggestions that we should not be plan­ is my sad duty to announce officially to kept up his very close association with ning to celebrate a conflict. Celebrate, of the House of Representatives the death Members of Congress and his former course, is inappropriate. Wars are of the Honorable Chades Hawks, Jr., colleagues. I was always grateful for crosses to be borne in man's faltering a former Member of Congress from the his warm friendship. plodding toward eternity. There are Second District of Wisconsin, who died in Charlie was one of the most loved lessons to be learned from them, how­ Philadelphia on January 6, 1960. Members that ever served in the House ever, and not merely military wisdom to A distinguished predecessor of mine, of Representatives. Personally, I have be passed on to succeeding generations Mr. Hawks served in the 76th Congress. lost a dear friend and one for whom I of soldiery. During that time, however, he became had great regard and affection. Stonewall Jackson's exercises in the well known and well loved for his in- · Those of you who were fortunate maneuverability of land forces remain tegrity and dedication to the service of enough to know him, I know join me in classics. He was a soldier who knew his his constituents, his state, and his coun- expressing sympathy to his mother, de­ craft, but he was neither a mercenary try. Many of you who knew him per- voted wife, Lucille, and their son and nor an ambitious opportunist. He hated sonally will receive the news of his pass- . daughter. the carnage of war but he fought with ing with a feeling of deep sorrow. determination and resourcefulness be­ Born to a distinguished Horicon, Wis., cause he had, as had Lee and so many family he grew up in a business atmos- TRANSFER OF VON BRAUN TEAM TO other men of honor and inherent good phere, was trained in business, graduat- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND will, thought the matter through, and ing from the University of Wisconsin SPACE ADMINISTRATION found no other recourse for principles School of Commerce, and followed Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan· strongly held than the desperate one of a career of business until the eco­ imous consent to address the House for arms. nomic and international storms of the 1 minute and to revise and extend my We are a nation strong, proud, and thirties and early forties brought him free because we have been willing to do remarks. into the political arena. The SPEAKER. Is there objection the necessary as we saw it, in many times He served his home county as a county and places, and because honor has had to the request of the gentleman from supervisor prior to winning election to California? value for us. This we need to remem­ Congress in the fall of 1938, and he ber, if we are to remain strong, proud, There was no objection. served his country in Congress during the Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, today I have and free, and it is in this spirit of na­ opening days of the Second World War­ tional self -examination that we right­ introduced a House joint resolution a time of change requiring men of cour· which proposes to waive the 60-day wait­ fully may recall in public observances age, determination, and conviction. the causes, events, and effects of our past ing period before the President's plan These he brought with him and these he for transferring the Von Braun team conflicts. In this way the national spirit applied to the tasks at hand. can draw forth new vitality from the from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency experiences of history and the people His ability was quickly recognized with to the National Aeronautics and Space new courage and resolve from the lives election to four committees and his mo­ Administration can take effect. The of such authentic heroes of power and mentum carried him to national prom­ transfer would take effect immediately sensitivity as StOnewall Jackson. inence as the national campaign mana· upon the enactment of the joint reso­ ger for the 1940 presidential aspirations lution. Under the leadership of Mr. Jay W. of Senator STYLES BRIDGES, of New Johns, of Charlottesv!lle, Va., the Stone­ Hampshire. Under section 302(c) of Public Law wall Jackson Memorial, Inc., has ac­ 85-568, the National Aeronautics and quired and is preserving Jackson's home · I know that those of you who knew Space Act of 1958, the President is au­ at Lexington. It is building there, him in Congress will join with me in thorized for a period of 4 years after through the collection of Jackson pos­ expressing deepest regrets and sincere the date of enactment of this act to sessions, correspondence, photographs, sympathy to his mother, his wife, Mrs. transfer appropriate space functions and documents, a · center of Jackson Hawks, his son, Charles II, and his from any other department or agency study. daughter, Mrs. Richard Post. It is our of the Federal Government to the Na· With the appro·aching centennial hope that they may find some solace in tiona! Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ focusing renewed attention on Jack­ the memory of a son, a husband, and a tration. According to the law, any trans­ son's exploits, plans have been going for­ father whose life was well spent in hon­ fers made before January 1, 1959, were ward for the development, under such ored service and in knowing that a host to be accompanied by a report from the nonprofit private auspices, of some of the of friends grieve his passing. · President to the Congress concerning the battlefield sites associated with the cam- Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent nature and effect of such transfer. This . paign in the Valley of Virginia which that all Members who desire to do so was to be in the nature of an informa­ have not been set aside in the past as may have permission to extend their re­ tional report. No formal action by the Federal or State historical reservations. marks at this point in the RECORD on Congress was indicated. Under this au­ It is hoped, too, that electrical maps the life and character of the late Hon­ thority, the President transferred the may be placed at one or more points in orable Charles Hawks, Jr. Vanguard project from the Navy and the the valley to provide visitors to the area The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Jet Propulsion Laboratory from the with a clearer mental picture of the the request of the gentleman from Wis­ Army to NASA. actions. consin? For transfers of functions to NASA In this spirit of serious historical in­ There was no objection. after December 31, 1958, the President is quiry and solemn reflection, the centen­ Mr. CHIPERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I required under the law not only to sub- nial programs may· be developed as use­ was deeply saddened to learn of the . mit a full and complete report to the ful contributions to the clarification of passing of my good friend the Honorable Congress setting forth the nature and our past str'tggles for the information Charles Hawks, Jr., a former Member of effect of the proposed transfer, but the and guidance of new generations. Congress who represented the Second proposal is to lie before the Congress for District of Wisconsin. a period of 60 calendar days following We both served as freshmen during the transmittal. The transfer cannot THE LATE HON. CHARLES the 76th Congress, and I had the privi­ take effect until this 60-day waiting HAWKS, JR. lege of knowing him well. He was a period has elapsed. During such period, Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, I hard worker devoted to serving his con­ if the Congress is opposed to the trans­ ask unanimous consent to address the stitutents and his country. fer, it can enact a concurrent resolution 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1021 stating its opposition; in which case the space science and exPloration for peace­ act legislation on its own. In point of transfer plan is killed. ful purposes. Since the President has fact, the President has submitted con­ Under the authority just described, the seen fit to exercise the transfer authority currently with .the report on the trans­ President has transmitted a plan to the delegated by the Congress, we in the fer plan, a series of amendments to the Congress proposing transfer of the Congress should support these transfers National Aeronautics and Space Act of Development Operations Division-and unless compelling circumstances dictate 1958 designed. to overcome what he now supporting personnel-directed by Dr. otherwise. regards as certain deficiencies in the act. Wernher von Braun, from the Army The present critical state of affairs, The Committee on Science and Astro­ Ballistic Missile Agency to the National with new evidence coming in almost nautics, on which I am privileged to Aeronautics and Space Administration. every day of Soviet Russia's superiority serve will, I assure you, give careful con­ This proposed transfer comes before in space activities, is not a time for sideration to the amendments proposed the Congress during a time of wide­ leisurely debate and overly cautious by the President. spread concern that our national pro­ consideration. The burden of perform­ In the meantime, the prompt enact­ grams for space science and exploration ance in space activities is vested by law ment of the joint resolution I have pro­ are lagging far behind those of Soviet in the President and the Administra­ posed will give the President and NASA Russia. In view of such concern, I see tor of NASA. Any move now is better Administrator Keith Glennan a clear no disposition on the part of the Con­ than no move. We can only hope that field of action in one specific phase of gress to oppose the transfer, notwith­ the President and the Administrator will our national space effort. standing possible reservations that some follow through in response to what I be­ There is another useful purpose which Members may have about it. lieve is a national will and a national this resolution can serve; namely, to ex­ From one point of view, it could be determination to ·overcome our lagging press the sense of the Congress that the argued that the transfer of jurisdiction efforts in space. In other words, if .we Von Braun team should remain essen­ and functions, with all the accompany­ have any doubts, we should resolve tially intact and be permitted to con­ ing administrative, fiscal, and operat­ them in favor of the President's action. tinue its teamwork in the national in­ ing adjustments that must be made, may The best way, it seems to me, that the terest. It may be that continuance of have a disrupting and delaying effect Congress can record its desire that the the Von Braun .team as a team is implicit on the performance of the Von Braun administration move ahead vigorously in the fact of the transfer. My resolu­ team. The tact of the matter is, how­ in space exploration is to waive the 60- tion would make this arrangement ex­ ever, that the Von Braun team has not day waiting period during which the plicit through a congressional statement been allowed to function in the most transfer plan is to lie before the Con­ of policy. efficient way. It is an innocent victim of gress. That is the purpose of the joint Shortly before the President made his interservice rivalries and inertia and in­ resolution which I have introduced. first public announcement of the pro­ decision at the Department of Defense Technically, it might be said that the posed transfer last October, Administra­ level in determining military missions details involved in this transfer require tor Glennan called me at my office in in space. at least 60 days and possibly many more Fresno, Calif., and advised me of the · Had our defense officials-military and days to be worked out and that therefore President's intention. After a discussion civilian-worried less about who was the resolution is not needed. More im­ of the matter, I told him that I would going to do the space job and more portant, I believe, than the technical de­ be inclined to support the transfer pro­ about how it was to be done, this coun­ tails of working out the plan is the high viding that it would not lead to a try would not be in second place. The purpose that this resolution would serve breakup of the Von Braun team. Army had resources and know-how to in signifying to the Nation that the Con­ · Administrator Glennan assured me do the space job; what it lacked was a gress favors speedy action and supports that the Von Braun team would be left full and clear mandate in space. any constructive endeavor of the ad­ intact, but I believe that this informal Consequently, we are confronted with ministration to make up for deficiencies assurance, which other Members also this situation: To oppose the transfer of in space programs. may have received, should be translated the Von Braun team to NASA is to con­ Furthermore, by enacting a waiver into a formal expression by the Con­ demn it to continued underutilization be­ resolution, the agencies concerned with gress. Cons-equently, my resolution con­ tains ~ppropriate wording to that effect. cause of present restrictions on Army giving effect to the transfer will proceed While this wording is in the nature of a missions; to endorse the transfer incurs with firmer purpose and more precise preamble or a declaration of policy the temporary risks of disruption which steps in the certain knowledge that the rather than in the resolving clause, is an inevitable feature of all major re­ Congress endorses, and does not intend which technically is confined to except­ organizations but holds forth the promise to strike down, the transfer plan. ing this transfer plan from section 302 of a greater and more sustained space My proposal is not without precedent. of the National Aeronautics and Space effort in the future. I could cite examples of House and Sen­ Act, nevertheless the passage of the res­ The Von Braun team will not be re­ ate action to move ahead the effective olution and its signature by the President moved from its present · home in the dates of reorganization plans submitted will formally record the administration's Redstone Arsenal. The arsenal will be­ by the President. For example, when promise to do what I believe the Congress come, in a sense, a joint operation of President Eisenhower submitted Re­ wants to be done; namely, to make sure Army Ordnance and NASA. The Presi­ organization Plan No. 1 of 1953 propos­ that the Von Braun team will continue dent has assured the Congress in his ing to transform the Federal Security to work as a team in furthering. the message of January 14, 1960, transmit­ Agency into the Department of Health, national space effort. ting the plan that "every effort will be Education, and Welfare, the plan was to made to prevent the dislocation or dis­ take effect 60 days after transmittal, ac- ruption of ongoing missile or space cording to the terms of the enabling LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM F'OR NEXT vehicle projects." Also, according to legislation. By House Joint Resolution. WEEK the President's statement, military 223, enacted in the 1st session of the 83d Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask weapon systems related programs now Congress, the effective date was set unanimous consent to address the House under development by the Von Braun ahead to 10 days after enactment of the for 1 minute. team will be continued by the Army, joint resolution. This was a matter far The SPEAKER. Is there objection which will have the privilege of utilizing less urgent than the space function to the ·request of the gentleman from the skills of the transferred personnel, transfer now pending, but the Congress Indiana? as necessary, with reimbursement to believed it was important to expedite There was no objection. NASA for the use of such personnel. action where agreement on the measure Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask It was contemplated in the National was general. for this time to inquire of the majority Aeronautics and Spac~ Act of 1958 that Nothing will be lost, and something leader as to the program for next week. the President would find it necessary and may be gained, by prompt action. If Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in appropriate to make transfers of space the Congress decides at a later time that response to the inquiry of the gentleman functions to NASA in order to prevent other transfers and reorganizations are . from Indiana [Mr. HALLECK], may :L say needless duplication and build up that necessary, which have not been proposed that there is no legislative program for · agency as the key Government unit in by the President, the Congress can en- next week. 1022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE January 21- Mr. HALLECK. Does the gentleman 1ng a report from the Federal Reserve Board "Not to subject labor unions to these expect to secure permission to adjourn on this bill and. I wm advise you as soon as vague, unpredictable antitrust laws--eo vague it is received. they can mean anything a court wishes them from today until Monday? With kind regards. I am, to-but to stop union practices which are Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. Very sincerely. against the public Interest. • • • There are BRENT SPENCE. two separa~ problemf?. • • • One is whether legislative curbs should be placed on union ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY economic monopoly power to balance the re- NEX'l' FEATHERBEDDING strictions placed on business monopoly Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I power. The other is whether legislative curbs Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I are necessary to .protect the public interest, ask unanimous consent that when the ask unanimous consent to extend my regardless of whether the curbs balance re­ House adjourns today it adjourn to meet remarks at this point in the RECORD and strtctions on business." on Monday next. · to include extraneous matter. When Congress, this antitrust lawyer con- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tlnued, decides "at what point the public the request of the gentleman from Mas- the request of the gentleman from New Interest and convenience require that labor stop asking for more, it can write a law to sachuse~? _ York? cover it." Regardless of whether a strike There was no objection. There was no objection. is local or nationwide. 1n Burns' opinion Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, to- the basic question 1s whether labor must day's column in the New York Times by give up its right to strike when a strike ACREAGE ALLOTMENT FOR DURUM Arthur Krock is particularly pertinent. conflicts with the public Interest, just as WHEAT Those who worried about the national policemen and firemen · have had to do in The SPEAKER laid before the House welfare during the recent steel strike most States. Tills view merely feeds the doubts of the the following message from the Senate could well take a f ew minut es t 0 peruse antitrust approach expressed by Johnson. of the United States: this article. But in a speech several weeks ago to a bust- Ordered, That the House of Representa­ Last week I was on a nationwide radio ness advisory group in New York City Black­ tives be requested to return to the Senate program with a Democratic Member of well Sm1th developed the details sought by the blll (S. 1282) entitled "An act relating Congress from Pennsylvania who de- the professor. "Acts to set up 'unnatural to acreage allotments for Durum wheat." fended featherbedding. It seems to me barriers' to trade and 'restrict a free The SPEAKER. Without objection, that the Krock article contains far more market,'" he told the group, "become illegal logic than any attack that I made on automatically if they are used as an expan- the request is granted. "'·therbedding. Mr. Krock suggests sion device for [industrial] monopoly. • • • There was no objection. fe"' [But] matters which are obviously 1llegal, that union leaders would declare war on such as ganging up to put a man out of the legislator who pressed any of the business, suddenly become legal if done to HEARINGS ON BILL, H.R. 9511, TO suggestions that he set forth. Union apply and extend union monopoly power." CANCEL $15 BILLION IN GOVERN· leaders have already declared war on the Recommending the antitrust approach to Republican Party. Furthermore, I have the now immune labor monopoly as the only MENT SECURITIES REQUESTED been told by a number of union presi- one which really goes to the he-art of the matter, Smith suggested these amendments Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask dents that they were out to "get'' anyone to present law: unanimous consent to extend my re­ who supported ·the Landrum-Gri:flin bill. 1. Tile first antitrust rule for business 1s marks at this point in the RECORD and The real question is not who is out to get that "no two separate entities can combine or to include extraneous matter. whom or whether it is unwise in an elec- conspire to restrict production or control The SPEAKER. Is there objection tion year to introduce legislation to pro- prices." ~tended to labor, this would pre­ to the request of the gentleman from hibit monopoly. The question is, Would vent a combination of all union members In the American public benefit by labor be- separate plants to shut down an entire Texas? industry. There was no objection. ing subjected to antitrust laws similar to 2. Tile second antitrust rule 1s that "no Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, several those now applied to business? I think _ limited legal monopoly, such as the ut111ty Members of the House have asked me they would and have asked the Legisla- or the patent monopoly, can be extended to about the status of a bill I introduced tive Drafting Service to prepare proper control other activities outside its own to cancel $15 billion of Federal debt ob­ legislation to accomplish the tenets set strict boundaries." This prevents such a ligations now being .held by the Federal forth in the Krock article. monopoly from "forcing someone t6 take an The column follows: unwanted product or service by tying in Reserve System. [these] with the controlled item [the labor The bill is H.R. 9511 and is fully dis­ ON REVOKING THE UNIONS' ANTITRUST supply, for example]." In following that cussed at page 264 ·of the CONGRESSIONAL IMMUNITIES line for unions, "featherbedding would be RECORD of January 11, 1960. (By Arthur Krock) the first casualty." In order to advise any who may be in­ WASHINGTON, January 20.-Pro!. Dudley w. 3. The third antitrust rule is that no non- terested, the correspondence between the Johnson, of Lehigh Un1vers1ty, in a letter legalized monopoly may use its power "to chairman of the Committee on Banking on this page of the Times of January 18, exclude or foreclose others, restrict produc­ and Currency-to . which the bill has questioned whether removing from antitrust tion, or control prices." Extended to an laws the special immunity of organized labor industrywide union, the union "could not been referred-and me concerning a. would effectively check the unions' monop- • • • stop production in a whole line of hearing on the proposal is inserted here­ oly powers to (1) prod inflation by enforced commerce or an entire area." with. annual wage increases, and (2} halt essen- 'Tilese changes In the antitrust laws meet My letter to the chairman and his re­ tlal na.tional production by control of the the request for specifications, and they would ply are as follows: labor supply of nationwide Industry. "Those narrow, not remove, labor's special immunity. JANUARY 18, 1960. who advocate the further application of However, since the union leaders would de­ Hon. BRENT SPENCE, antitrust to labor," wrote Professor Johnson, clare war on any legislator who pressed such Chairman, Committee on Banking and Cur­ "would be doing a great public service if measures, both major political parties will rency, House of Representatives, Wash­ they would develop the details of such pro- shun them. The attitude that "something ington, D.C. posals." must be done to curb the labor monopoly, DEAR CHAmMAN SPENCE: January 11, 1960, This departmerut relayed Professor John- but not what you suggest," will continue to I introduced H.R. 9511. The object of this son's suggestion to several lawyers with great prevail among lawyers and in Government. letter 1s to ask you for a hearing on this bill. experience in antitrust litigation. The re- This suits the AFL-CIO very well indeed. If a hearing is granted, it will be appre­ sponse of one, Joseph W. Burns, of 535 Fifth ciated very much, I assure you. A-venue, New York City (which included the Sincerely yours, views of a partner, Blackwell Smith, that INDEPENDENCE OF THE_ UKRAINE WRIGHT PATMAN. are precisely pertinent to the professor's in­ Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, I ask quiry), are summarized below, with some unanimous consent to address the House JANUARY 20, 1960. material quotes. Hon. WRIGHT PATMAN, for 1 minute and to revise and extend Burns, agreeing that "the public interest my remarks. House of Bepresentatives1 required a curbing of union monopoly Wash.tngton, D.C. power," does not believe "the antitrust laws The SPEAKER. Is there objection MY DEAR COLLEAGUE: I have yOur letter of are the vehicle by which this curbing should to the request of the gentleman from January 18, asking that hearings be sched­ be accomplished. • • • What we really want New York? uled on your bill, H.R. 9511. I am request- is- There was no objection. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1023 Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, we all trial raw materials moved ahead on many Plastic foams made from castor oil are know what impact the Captive Nations fronts during the past year, according to the gaining acceptance by industry. Known as Week resolution made last year upon U.S. Department of Agriculture. urethane foams, they can be produced in Commercial use of research results ex­ rigid or elastic form. About a million the Communist dictatorship and upon panded in a number of important areas, pounds of castor oil were used in these world opinion. It struck at a great and promising new results were announced products in 1958. Chemists at USDA's Communist weakness, by underscoring that offer · sizable future market opportu­ Western Laboratory, Albany, Calif., have again the falseness of the Communist nities for agricultm-al commodities. For recently developed methods to give these claims of complete unity and monolithic example: products better water resistance and shrink power. Wash-and-wear cottons gained wider resistance, which are expected to expand One of these captive nations is the public acceptance. More than 800,000 bales markets for them. Ukraine which established itself as a of cotton are now used annually as a direct Other promising recent developments result of utilization research in this field. include: free and independent nation on January Present cotton wash-and-wear garments Water-soluble zein, a chemically modi­ 22, 1918. The 42d anniversary of that represent the culmination of many years fied protein of corn, potentially useful in event will be marked tomorrow. of systematic study at USDA's Southern lacquers and printing inks. Tragically, the Ukrainians did not en­ Laboratory, at New Orleans, in cooperation A breakthrough in the basic chemistry of joy their liberty for very long. It was with industry. The published results of wheat gluten, which was previously thought soon trampled by a ruthless Russian these studies constitute most of the world's to consist of two proteins but is now known Communist Army and brought under the technical literature on wash-and-wear cot­ to contain six, each. with distinctive prop­ tons and provided the technical basis for erties. tyranny of Moscow. Even today this today's expanding production of these A new antioxidant for alfalfa, which pre­ Communist tyranny continues in the goods. serves the vitamin A and vitamin E content form of executions of Ukrainian free­ Use of animal fats in plastics and in live­ of dehydrated alfalfa meal for as long as 6 dom fighters and mass deportations to stock feeds continues to increase. USDA's months. Siberia. Eastern Laboratory at Philadelphia de­ A new cotton card-an attachment for It is clear that the flame of freedom veloped epoxidized oils, which are now conventional cotton textile machinery­ and liberty continues to burn brightly going into markets requiring about 40 mil­ which reduces costs, improves quality, and lion pounds of inedible fats each year. The reduces waste in cotton processing. among the more than 40 million Ukrain­ laboratory is also responsible for the de­ A new compound, known as coumestrol, ians. Devotion to the cause of liberty velopment, under contract, of fats as an in­ discovered to occur naturally in certain serves as a strong bond between all gredient of animal feeds, a market that is legumes, which exhibits hormone activity freedom-loving men throughout the now consuming about 500 million pounds similar to that of the synthetic hormone world. On this important Ukraillian of fats annually. The most recent research stilbestrol and may provide a basis for im­ anniversary we reaffirm our support of contribution in this field is a compound proved feed additives. the cause of freedom everywhere until called vinyl stearate, which provides a su­ In basic research on soybean oil, USDA all freedom-loving peoples may one day perior internal plasticizer for vinyl plastics. chemists have made this oil radioactive by A market for at least 100 million pounds a feeding radioactive carbon to soybean plants enjoy the blessings and richness of true year of this new chemical is expected to during growth. This radioactive tracer liberty. develop in the near future. technique provides a means for following Dehydrated mashed potatoes are on the the mechanism of selective hydrogenation market in two forms--granules and flakes­ of the oil and will greatly aid in the de­ SURPLUS FARM COMMODITY both produced by methods developed velopment of edible soybean oil products UTILIZATION through utilization research. About 20 mil­ of improved physical and nutritional lion bushels of potatoes will be used in these characteristics. Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ products during the coming year, and even To inform potential users and the general imous consent to address the House for 1 larger markets are anticipated in subsequent public of the results of utilization research minute, to revise and extend my re­ years. . and development, USDA scientists working marks, and include extraneous matter. Dialdehyde starches, a new fam.ily of in­ in this field have, during fiscal year 1959, · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dustrial chemicals derived from corn, were published 493 research papers in technical the request of the gentleman from Utah? put into semicommercial production by two journals; obtained 96 new patents; issued companies puring the year. The process 79 licenses for royalty-free use of patents; There was no objection. presented 527 talks before national au­ Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, it is my for making these chemicals was developed at USDA's Northern Laboratory at Peoria, diences on their findings; participated in 78 privilege to bring to your attention again Ill. Dialdehyde starches have highly prom­ radio and TV broadcasts, and issued 145 press this legislation on utilization research ising industrial possibilities for the tanning releases describing their work. designed to use more surplus farm com­ of leather, for production of paper products In other words, three to four times each modities in manufacture. In the last with greater wet strength, and for many day during each of the 365 days of the session the other body passed S. 690. other uses. . year, the public was informed of some new High-amylose corn, which yields starch contribution of utilization research and de­ The House passed the Abernethy bill, velopment, in the continuing search for new H.R. 8639, which I am a sponsor of, on that is more than 50 percent amylose and has attractive industrial possibilities not and wider uses for farm products. utilization research. The Department of open to ordinary starch, is in limited com­ Utilization research and development is a Agriculture has just issued a splendid mercial production. This corn and the new major segment of USDA's overall research communication showing the wonderful uses for the starch it contains is a de­ program, which also includes studies of farm possibility of using farm surplus in man­ velopment of Federal-State-industry re­ production; marketing, home eoonOinics, and ufacture. I think you will find it on search. A quarter of a million pounds of forestry. your desk. Please read it. high-amylose starch was made from the Funds available for all USDA research have Mr. Speaker, it is my belief that we 1958 crop of this new corn; acreage was been increased about 100 percent over the doubled in 1959. The starch is now being past 7 years. Yet because of increased costs, can get the other body to accept the evaluated by industry for use in adhesives, the Department's capacity to do research has House version,of our utilization research films, and · paper additives. ·· actually increased only about 40 percent. bill. I hope every Member of the House, Chemicals from turpentine totaling about The problems facing agriculture still ex­ as well as the Speaker, will work toward 2 million pounds are being used as catalysts ceed in number and magnitude the cur­ that end because the House version is or initiators in the production of "cold" rent capacity to attack them. much superior to the Senate version. rubber as a result of research by USDA's The aim of utilization research and de­ velopment is to maintain and strengthen As one man said, "In moments of con~ Naval Stores Station at Olustee, ·Fla. About troversy my perception is quite fine. I 90 percent of GRS. cold-processed synthetic traditional markets for the products of agri­ rubber made in this country utilizes tur­ culture and to create new markets for them. always see two points of view, the wrong pentine chemicals developed and patented This research is conducted by USDA in 4 one and mine." Ours is the right ver­ by the station. main laboratories and 10 smaller ones. It sion. Phosphomannan, a new product produced employs about 1,600 people, half of whom are The U.S. Department of Agriculture by fermentation of starch, is attracting in­ scientists, and is supported by about $16 bulletin is as follows: dustrial interest as an adhesive and thick­ million in directly appropriated funds. In ening agent. Some 30 companies are addition, up to $4 million a year may be PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS IN AGRICULTURAL evaluating this material and 4 have al­ spent during the next 5 years for utilization , UTILIZATION RESEARCH REPORTED ready expressed interest in producing it research overseas, supported by foreign cur­ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, commercially. This recent product of uti­ rencies derived from the sale abroad of U.S. Washington, January 1960. lization research a.t the northern laboratory farm surpluses under Public Law 480. The effort to find new and wider outlets offers another sizable industrial outlet for The emphasis in this work currently ls on for farm products as foods and as indus- corn. expanding the use of surplus crops--the 1024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 21 cereal grains, cotton, and vegetable and The vegetable and animal oils, starches, and weapons, such as open market opera­ animal fats and oils. The main effort is on proteins are good starting materials for tions, the discount, and the reserve re­ development of industrial uses for these plastics production. The aim of utilization quirement, to establish interest rates at crops, as these uses offer the greatest oppor­ research 1a to place farm-grown materials tunities for economic use of large volumes into as much of this expanding multl-blliion­ any level up or down to enable the Gov­ of surplus commodities. Research also seeks pound market as we can as rapidly as pos­ ernment to borrow long-term funds to lower processing costs for food and feed sible. without breaking the interest ceiling. products, and to develop products that have Research can create expanded markets for President Eisenhower has asked for built-in convenience and are less perishable farm products. It already has. How many authority to release the control we now than those now available. new products and new markets can be de­ have over all the interest rates on long­ Worthwhile new uses for farm products veloped, and how fast, depends on the size term Government indebtedness. If this must be practical uses. Scientists today can and vigor of the effort devoted to the task. make anything f:rQm agricultural products were done, hundreds of millions of dol­ that can be made from other organic raw lars in bonds could be issued bearing a materials, such as petroleum. But utiliza­ FORTY-SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF 5%- or 5%-percent interest rate and tion research scientists recognize that they extending into 20 or 25 years. When must create from agricultural materials the UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE Government, through the constitutional properties desired in the final product, and Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask right to regulate the value of money, that the final product must be able to sell unanimous consent to address the House ceases to regulate it by surrendering to a.t a competitive price. They are not in­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend the economic royalists, we are then cross­ terested in "one-shot" uses for farm com­ ing the thin wavering line between lib­ modities that are not economic-for example, my remarks. industrial alcohol from grain, when technical The SPEAKER. Is there objection to erty and tyranny. feasibility has been demonstrated but eco­ the request of the gentlewoman from Raising the interest ceiling would take nomic practicality has not. Ohio? money out of the pockets of a great many Like all research, utilization research is There was no objection. of the people in order to find its way necessarily a continuing job. Research con­ Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, tomor­ back into the pockets of a few. It would stantly seeks to outmode the products it row, January 22, the 42d anniversary of decrease the real incomes of all people creates. It must continue to improve the Ukrainian independence will be observed receiving fixed income~. and prices would products it has developed and to develop still be higher and each dollar would buy less. more satisfactory products to replace them. in ceremonies throughout the country. The outlook is good for increasing sub­ Commemorated in the hearts of more It will drive up the cost of homes, hos­ stantially the use of agricultural products. than 40 million Ukrainians, this day pro­ pitals, schools, and roads; and the bur­ For example, in the case of cereal grain an vides us with an opportunity to reaffirm den of these increased costs would be additional 500 million bushels per year can our adherence to the principle of self­ placed upon the backs of our citizens. be used by 1975 if research is able to do determination for all captive nations A careful study of the situation re­ its job in the following areas: peoples. flects that at one time when interest One hundred and seventy million bushels Ukrainian independence was first pro­ rates were held down, it would have been for use in pape_r products. Today about 20 possible to refinance the long-term debt. million bushels of grain are used in these claimed January 22, 1918, following the products. But if we can modify grains or collapse of the czarist Russian Empire It makes me wonder why the administra­ their starches to endow them with new in 1917. Unfortunately, this long-sought tion waited until the interest rate was properties of value in papermaking, 1m­ freedom lasted only unti11920, when the at the highest point before it asked for proved paper products might be made that Ukrainian Republic was overrun by the the change. It seems to me that there would contain as much as 5 percent of Communists and forcibly incorporated is a fundamental principle of fiscal poli­ cereal grains. into the Soviet Empire. Despite the en­ cy involved in this matter of interest One hundred million bushels for industrial suing years of tyranny and subjection, rates that should be met head on with chemicals and other nonfood products. candor and courage, and that the Each year, some 40 million bushels of grain the Ukrainian people have kept alive go into such products as surface-active their cherished goal of national freedom soundest policy to follow would be the agents, antioxidants, polymers, plasticizers, and independence. retention of the present historical inter­ packaging films, chemicals for metallurgical The courage of the Ukrainian people est ceiling. processing, and many other materials. New stands as an inspiration to all liberty­ chemical products now under development loving people who are dedicated to the ------from USDA laboratories offer potential out­ PASSENGER TAX SHOULD BE preservation and restoration of human REPEALED lets for an additional 100 million bushels. freedom everywhere. On this anniver­ Fifty million bushels for use in producing Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, I ask biological agents for pest control. Work sary all Americans join in the prayer now under way by USDA scientists indicates that the captive peoples will soon once unanimous consent to address the House that it may be feasible to grow biological again be free.· for 1 minute and to revise and extend agents for control of insects and other farm my remarks. pests using fermentation techniques with The SPEAKER. Is there objection cereals in the nutrient medium. An example INTEREST RATES ON LONG-TERM to the request of the gentleman from is milky spore disease of Japanese beetles, GOVERNMENT INDEBTEDNESS South Dakota? which at present can be produ~ed only on There was no objection. the insects themselves. Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask Two hundred and fifty million bushels 1n Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, the unanimous consent to address the House President's budget message for the fiscal food products. In the food use of cereals 1 there is opportunity for increased consump­ for minute and to revise and extend year 1961 proposes to extend for an­ tion and a need for new cereal food products my remarks. other year present excise tax rates. In to encourage it. If we ate the cereal products The SPEAKER. Is there objection the same message the President em­ our nutritionists say would be good for us, to the request of the gentleman from phasizes that fiscal progress is attain­ the United States by 1970 should consume New York? able only if economic growth is not in­ about 925 million bushels of grain a year as There was no objection. food, instead of the 675 million bushels terrupted. Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the pro­ The truth of the matter is that reten­ currently consumed. posal to abolish the legal ceiling on bond Another example is the potential large­ tion of the excise tax on the domestic volume market for agricultural raw materials interest rates at this time is a poor way transportation of persons is inconsistent 1n the plastics industry. Use of: plastics 1n to turn off the faucet of bank credit from and in conflict with ·economic growth our economy is _expected to continue ex­ adding its floOd of purchasing power to both in the transportation industry it­ panding by leaps and bounds. Today's total the existing infiationary spiral. self and in those industries that use and annual consumption of plastics, about 6.6 I maintain that the present tighten­ depend upon transportation of pas­ billion pounds, may well increase to some 10 ing of credit has been a deliberate man­ sEmgers. blllion pounds by 1965 to supply demands made effort to drive up interest rates to for such products as packaging and indus­ I am convinced that the reduction of trial films, molded and extruded products, their present artificial rates, with the the transportation tax from 10 to 5 per­ plastic foams, containers, paints, and syn­ cooperation of Wall Street, the bankers, cent as of June 30, 1960-which was thetic rubber. and the Federal Reserve Board. voted in the last session of Congress­ Agricultural raw materials are suitable for The Federal Reserve Board was organ­ must be carried through to its logical the manufacture of a multitude of plastic ized to aid the fiscal activities of the conclusion by a complete repeal this ses­ products, if they can be made economically. Government. It ·has available many sion. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD- HOUSE 1025 ' I take this positlon on· the· basts Of': · The ·tax discriminates against our in-· Admiiiistration,· I call up House Resolu- · three important considerations which, in ternational-flag ·carriers and handicaps tion 407 and ask for its immediate my opinion, should be controlling. ~ . them in their comPetition with foreign- . consideration. First of all, there is no question but; :flag carriers~ : My distingUished colleague The Clerk read the resolution, as that this tax tends ·t·o depress business from the State of Florida cited the very follows: and discourage patronage of our domes- · appropriate· example of a Paris, France, Resolved, Tha.t there be printed for the tic transportation facilities. Both the to Dallas, Tex., flight wherein a passen- use of the Committee on Appropriations, · Civil Aeronautics Board and the Inter- ger buying his ticket from a U.S.-fiag . House of Rep:resenta.tives, upon requisition state Commerce Commission, in. state- carrier would be taxed on the portion of _ of the chairman thereof, not to exceed ten ments by their respective Chairmen, have · the trip within the United States where- thousand additional copies of the hearings entitled "Report on Russia by Vice Adiniral emphasized that consumption of trans- . as he would not pay the tax if .he pur- Hyman G. Rickover, United states Navy." portation is elastic and increases with ; chased the ticket from a foreign carrier. reduced cost. Both Chairmen specifically' · Mr. Speaker, it is obvious that this sit- With the following committee amend- . stated that removal of the tax would re- : uation affords the foreign carrier a for- ment: suit in substantial' additional commercial midable pricing advantage and I cer- Strike out an the language in lines 1 revenue for the air, rail, and surface . tainly concttt with-my distinguished col- . through 6,.. inclusive, and insert the follow- transportation· companies. league that incalculable amounts of ing- . · Mr ·Speaker I believe it is self-evi- . revenue are being lost by our interna- · "ResolVed, Th-at "there shall be printe· transportation companies whose revenues able for taxation under other provisions · Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, are thereby artificially curtailed. The - of the Internal Revenue Code. by direction of the Committee on House depressant effect extends to every busi~ _ Third. -Every dollar of commercial Administration I call up House Resolti- · ness that requires or uses our domestic revenue lost by our international u.s. tion 408 and ask for its immediate · passenger facilities. . fiag carriers by reason of the price handi- consideration. A second objection to this tax is that . cap imposed on· domestic portions of - -The Clerk read the resolution, as lt discriminates unfairly against anum- flights abroad similarly reduces the total · follo~s ~ · ber of important classes of people and - available for taxation. · Resolved, Tha.t there be printed for the · areas. It discriminates against long haul . _Fourth. Every dollar of earned com- . use of the Committee on Appropriations, passengers and areas in this country - mercia! revenue that is discouraged and House of Representatives, upon requisition where average. travel distances, due .to: diverted from the subsidized local service · of the chairman thereof, not to exceed four h · 1 f t t th thousand additional copies of the hearings geograp Ica ac ors, are grea .. so u _ or helicopter industries by reason of this entitled "Report on the International Goo- Dakota is a good example. Because ~of - tax ·must be supplied by Federal subsidy, physical Year .(February 1959) ". the great distances between cities in this . and offsets the transportation. tax yield ' region and because there is greJtt re- · dollar for dollar. · · With the following committee amend- liance on commercial transportation, :Mr. Speaker, it is evident that this tax ment: these passengers ~ay more taxes to trav~l · cannot be justified on fiscal grounds. . On line 2 strike out the word "upon" and than passengers 1~. the East where . dis- . The truth is it is questionable whether · on line s strike out "requisition of the chair- tances between cities are substantially _ it produces any net revenue, and it is man thereof/'. · shorter. , clearly true that whatever t}\e net yield, · The committee amendment was agreed Moreover, the tax discriminates it cannot justify t~e discriminatory and · to. . against State& that depend on tourism . depressant features of the tax. 1 sub- j The resolution was agreed to. as an important business. Because the t f to · t A motion to reconsider was Jaid on the · tax increases the cost of travel, it acts . mit that this_tax is a poten ac r m er- as a deterrent to tqurists traveling, for - rupting and impeding this Nation's eco- tal;>le. example, to visit the beautiful Black Hills, ~omic gro'Yth, especially the transporta- area of South Dakota and nearby .Mount · tiOlJ. estabhshment. a~d that it should be FACTS ON COMMUNISM: VOLUME 1, Rushmore. . . . repealed in its entirety this session. THE COMMuNIST IDEOLOGY The tax discriminates against .business - Consequentiy, I believe the Pr~sident's - Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, activities in which travel of personnel is : recommendation to -extend the excise tax · by direction of the Committee on House necessary as distinguished from busi- on transportation would tend to defeat Administration, I 9all up House Concur­ nesses that do not necessitate travel. It the purpose we all agree is vital....:...the . rent Resolution 449 and ask for its 1m­ discriminates against the transportation · uD.interrupted growth of our economy. mediate consideration. of passengers as compared to the· trans- I am hopeful that this session, for the . · The Clerk read the concurrent resolu- portation of freight, for whi~h ~o~ess : first time, the question of repeal will be tion, as follows: · ' has. repeale.d tJ:Ie t.a~ ~ . It- d1s~rnnmates ~rinitted to c~me ~ the floor for a: vote, . Resotved ·by. the House of Representatives , aga1pst domestic .~ra~el as c_ompar~ to and I am coBfident tha.t if it does the tax ,· (the senate cQ1lCurring), That the pul;>llca- travel abroad, for which ~o tax _1s levied. . win be repealed. tion ~ntitl~d "Facts on Communism-Volume One of the most important inequities 1, The communt§t Ideology" prepared by the'" of this tax is that it discriminates against · committee on Un-American Aotivtties, House · the lower income brackets-. For people ~ of Representatives, Eighty-sixth Congress, .. in the·lowel" income brackets a lO-p.. er- . REPORT ON ·RUSSIA BY VICE ADM. first session, be printed as a House doc~ment: \ · · · · · ... · -· h · . · · - · · ·· · HYMAN G RICKOVER Us· NAVY and that there be printed thirty thousand cent prermum on t e nght to travel can · ' · · · · additional copies of said document of which make the 'ditference· between being able· Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr; Speaker, · siX thousand shall be for the use of said · to travel or not. by direction of the Committee· on House committee and twenty-four thousand copies CVI--65 1026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE January 21 to be prorated to the Members of the House known to all. Bill Langer was a formi­ feit the advantages of our free economic of Representatives for a period of ninety days dable debater, a legislator and public oftl­ system by continually indulging in pro­ after which time the unused balance shall longed .nationwide strikes, inflationary revert to the Committee on Un-.Ainerican cial of consummate skill and one who Activities. served, with great devotion, his constitu­ wage settlements, or by refusing to uti­ ents and his friends. lize efficiently the technologica~ advances -- Mr.· CUNNlNGHAM . .·Mr. Speaker, Our late friend, Bill Langer; enjoyed a which increase· the rate of productivity. will the. gentleman yield? good fight and he was loved and admired · · The preservation of free collective bar­ - Mr. JONES of Missouri. I yield to the by countless of· thousands of persons, gaining-as well as· our free enterprise gentleman. even by some who did not wholly agree system itself-depends, I believe, upon a Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I should like to with him because of the fact that he was rapid development, in the ranks and ask the gentleman if these have been a fighter. Typical of the way his con­ leadership of both labor and manage­ cleared with the minority members of stituents felt about him was the often ment, of an enlightened and responsible the committee. _ quoted remark: "If a farmer com­ outlook which takes into a_ccount the Mr. . JONES of Missouri. They have plained he had no washer for his - national interest"and the public good. been cleared with the minority members wringer, he could depend on his old Now that the steel strike settlement· of the committee and also with the mi­ friend Bill to get it for him." This de- · has granted the leaders of management nority leader. termined his state of mind in helping and. organized labor a brief reprieve-­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I thank the gen- others who came to him, particularly the it should be apparent to them that they tleman. · sick, then unemployed, and the under­ must raise their sights a notch toward· The SPEAKER. The Clerk wili report privileged. The above saying dramatizes higher ground. If they do not, someday the committee amendment. a very real trait in Bill Langer's char­ they could find themselves hanging to­ The Clerk read as follows: acter and this trait was naturally in­ gether on the gallows of government On line 10, after the word "Represent­ grained in him. The more one needed dictation. atives" insert a period and strike out the Bill Langer's help, the surer such a per­ The responsible approach of govern­ balance of line 10 and lines 11 and 12. son was that he would come to their ment to the difficult problems we face in aid with all the driving force and energy this field must be essentially non­ The committee amendment was agreed of his great heart and able brain. For partisan-nonpartisan in the sense that to. · Bill Langer was not a fairweather friend. neither labor nor management should The concurrent resolution was agreed He was the kind of a friend who loved to receive favored treatment for the sake to. find an opportunity to give aid when it of political gain or selfish economic ad­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the was really needed. vantage. This does not mean that both table. It was just like him to stay with his sides are always equally guilty in every l~te wife, Mrs. Lydia Langer, in her ill­ labor dispute. However, it does mean NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF ness all through the bitterly contested that government bears a solemn, funda­ THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESI­ campaign of 1958. While he was up for mental obligation to hue strictly to poli­ DENT, ETC. reelection in a hard-fought campaign, he cies which are in the overall best interest did not make a single campaign speech, of the Nation. Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, staying at the bedside of his wife and Because these considerations are so by direction of the Committee on House stating, "I just won't leave Lydia." This vital, the people are looking for an an­ Administration, I call up House Con­ is the kind of love and devotion between swer in this election year to the ques­ current Resolution 457 and ask for its husband and wife that is an inspira­ tion: Which party is better able to pro­ immediate consideration. tion and example for all others to follow. vide the kind of leadership that is needed The Clerk read the concurrent reso­ In the passing of Bill Langer, one of iii this field? lution, as follows: the most courageous and distinguished While I gladly tip my hat to those Resolved by the House of Representatives political :figures in· the legislature of our rugged individuals on the other side of (the Senate concurring), That there be Nation, has taken the journey into the the aisle who have dared at times to rise printed as a House document the publication Great Beyond. Those who knew Bill above partisan pressures; nevertheless entitled "Nomination and Election of the Langer and the nobility of character the fact remains---as was pointed out by President and Vice President of the United States, Including the Manner of Selecting that he possessed, will greatly miss him. the gentleman from Wisconsin lMr. Delegates to Political Conventions"; and that To his loved ones left behind, Mrs. BYRNEsJ-that the Democratic Party is there be printed an additional fifty thousand McCormack and I extend our deep sym­ serious1:y and hopelessly divided against copies for the use of the House of Represent­ pathy to them in the great loss and sor­ itself. atives, said copies to be prorated to the Mem­ row. I know that the outstanding life Clearly, the Republican Party-as the bers and Resident Commissioner. that their late father led, his great party of unity, with democracy within its The concurrent resolution was agreed courage in the many years that he ren­ ranks and a philosophy based upon prin­ to. dered public service, and his noble out­ ciple-is the party which . is better A motion to reconsider was laid on look of life, will always be a source of equipped today to provide the kind of the table. consolation to them. responsible, nonpartisan leadership so essential in this explosive field of labor­ management relations. THE LATE HONORABLE WILLIAM THE CHALLENGE OF LABOR­ In considering the relative positions LANGER MANAGEMENT RELATIONS of labor and industry today, it is signifi­ The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order cant to note that they have gone through nizes the gentleman from Massachu­ of the House, the gentleman from Mich­ soll,lewhat similar cycles of development. setts [Mr. McCORMACK]. igan [l\ir. GRIFFIN] is recognized for 60 Both are now powerful, gigantic eco­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in minutes. nomic forces in America. That was not the recent death of our late colleague in Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, as this always the case. The credentials of the the Congress, and a personal friend of Nation confronts the challenge of eco­ Republican Party for leadership in this mine whom I admired very much, Sena­ nomic competition with Soviet Russia, field are underscored by a review of the tor William Langer, we have lost not it is becoming apparent to more and development cycles of these two eco­ only a colorful political figure, but one more Americans that victory or defeat nomic forces. who had a rare capacity for friendship, hinges to ·a large extent upon the degree THE RISE OF _INDUSTRY and above all, loyalty to the principles of responsibility exercised by those who When our Constitution was written, and policies that he belie.ved in. . I was represent labor and management at the industry was an underdog compared to proud to count Bill Langer among my pinion of our free economy: the bargain­ the vast agrarian interests, the planta­ closest, personal friends. He was a leg­ ing table. tion owners, and shippers. Alexander islator of stalwart independence of . Clearly, we can fall far behind and Hamilton grasped the importance of en­ thought and action. His courage as a lose out in this vital struggle if we, as couraging industrial development. He legislator was . outstanding and wel.l a Nation, should be so foolish as to for- advocated protectionist policies that 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 1027 paved the way for the rise of industrial leaders did not exercise the-statesman­ Some enlightened labor leaders are capitalism. By the 1890's, however; far ship of -aompers, and as the 20th cen­ becoming concerned over the fact that from being the underdog in our economy, tury wore on the special imlpunities of foreign steel now can be sold in Cleve­ industry was reaching the monopolY organized labor were soon being abused land $55 per ton cheaper than steel pro­ stage. by some leaders. duced right in Cleveland. To meet such Unreasonable transportation rates op­ -Some . unions made a mockery of foreign competition, union leaders as pressed the farmers. The vast financial democratic rule. They resorted t9 vari­ well as management should be crusad­ power of industrial :monopolies stified ous forms of coercion. In some unions, ing for, not against, better tools, greater the growth of a labor movement. Indus­ an iron curtain was virtually drawn be­ plant modernization and increased pro­ trial monopolies moved into the political tween the union rank and file and their ductivity. realm and, in effect, put legislators on union leaders. Enlightened union leaders are justi­ their payrolls. A comparison is apparent with the fiably concerned about the price of the In the face of this situation, Theodore earlier rise of industry. In both cases, products produced by their members. Roosevelt republicanism came to the abuses sprang out of special immunities In the face of stiff foreign competition, front and provided an opportunity for which each enjoyed in their infant stage. union members are confronted with the the people of America to demonstrate As the public in earlier decades had grave and real threat of being priced that they, not the captains of industry, demanded business reform, so did the out of their jobs. were still the boss. Earlier a Republican­ public last year demand labor reform. THE RECENT STEEL SETTLEMENT controlled Congress, in 1890, had passed Just as the Republicans had provided the first antitrust law. Theodore Roose­ leadership in the movement for business Against that background, I should like velt and later, William Howard Taft, led reform, so did Republicans again provide to discuss some aspects of the recent a crusade to break up the trusts which leadership and support in the drive for steel strike settlement. had placed special interest above the passage last year of the bipartisan labor It should be clear that if the settle­ public good. reform bill. ment eventually results in higher steel prices, steel workers as well as consumers Theodore Roosevelt and William How­ SIMILARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR will suffer. ard Taft did not evaluate industry's rela­ AND INDUSTRY Although many people throughout the tive position by looking in a rearview So, we see a great similarity in the mirror. Instead, they saw the difference country are understandably disturbed rise of industrial and union power in about the possibility of infiationary ef­ between Hamilton's day when _industry the United ·States. For labor and man­ was down under, and their day when in­ fects, there is another side of the steel· agement alike, Republicans have sup­ strike settlement which should not be dustry was up on top. ported and led the fight for remedial re­ With enactment of the antitrust laws overlooked. The head of one steel com­ form legislation. Enactment of the pany has put it this way: and the enforcement which gradually Sherman antitrust law, the Taft-Hartley followed, anguished cries came from some Act, and the labor reform bill of last We have been in this wage-price spiral for business leaders that the laws, restraints, 20-odd years. You can't stop a great wave session all indicate that, when the over­ dead in its tracks all at one crack. We have and enforcement would stifie industrial all public good is endangered, the people made a great effort • • • to stop it. • • • growth. The opposite was true. The re­ will rise up to assert their will, and that Now, the settlement, as actually made, straints restored freedom and competi­ Republicans historically have provided gives an advance of about half in the next tion in industry at large and improved the vehicle for reform in both business 3 years of what we have had in the past 3 the general health of our economy. and labor. years. That's a pretty fair step forward. THE RISE OF LABOR Looking to the future, union and in­ Mr. Roger Blough, chairman of the Now, let us turn to the rise of the labor dustry leaders, as partners, must cope board of United States Steel, has noted movement. In many respects, its de­ realistically with the problems which that the average annual increase in velopment parallels that of the earlier arise through technological advances. hourly employment costs resulting from rise of industry. There is no statesmanship in union the recent steel settlement will be 3 Y:z to For several reasons, the labor move­ policies which fight progress through 3% percent. In other steel settlements ment in America began in an underdog featherbedding and outdated work rules. during the postwar period, says Mr. status. Unions were confronted with the At the same time, good management Blough, hourly employment costs have difficult job of proving to the public and must approach these problems with been rising at an average rate of 8 per­ prospective members that they sup­ understanding and patience, and a reali­ cent a year. It is significant that the ported a free enterprise economy and zation that sometimes work habits can­ postwar trend has been cut in half by that they would not become instruments not be changed overnight. the recent settlement. of violence and gangsterism. The union movement and the whole It is interesting also to compare the Realizing this, important American Nation have just as important a stake in average annual increase in employment labor leaders of an earlier day rejected the goal of increased production as does cost resulting from the recent steel set­ the goal of political power. In building industrial management. For it is tlement with the increases involved in the American Federation of Labor, Sam­ greater production through cheaper and settlements made in other related in­ uel Gompers, for example, had one ob­ more efiicient means that has brought dustries during 1959: jective-the betterment and growth of the majority of our craft union workers Aluminum industry, 5.2 percent. the laboring man. He refused to set off into the middle income group in America. · Can industry, 4.5 percent. class confiict. He strongly supported the Kaiser-steel-3.82 percent. free enterprise system. And, as to the How do we attain increased produc­ inside workings of the union, one biog­ tion which will place more and better Steel, 3. 75 percent. rapher says that he believed the labor goods at lower prices in the hands of Although many people are not satis­ movement should be "a voluntary or­ more consumers? fied with the terms, the settlement of ganization of wage earners with mutual By increasing the efficiency of the the steel dispute can be viewed as a con­ problems and common ideals. He-­ tools in the hands of the workers. And structive achievement for another rea­ Gompers-put his faith and trust in vol­ these tools come into being in a free son. Whether we lik·e it or not, 1960 is untary principles and never wavered in economy through the investment of an election year and the political fur is that course." funds that have been saved. Yes, tools fiying. As labor unions grew in membership and industrial jobs come from savings. A resumption of the steel strike would and economic power, the aims of some And, parenthetically, it is important to have brought urgent cries for immediate labor unions began to change. During add that the willingness of people to legislative action. Such legislation could the period when the Sherman antitrust save depends upon their confidence in not have been considered in an atmos­ law of 1890 and the Clayton Act of 1914 the stability of the currency. Their phere of calm, unemotional delibera- were taking privileges and immunities confidence in the stability of the cur­ tion. On the contrary, there were un­ away from business, the labor movement rency is ·undermined and destroyed derstandable fears about the kind of was being granted-and rightly so­ when wage-price spirals continually fan legislation that might have been enacted some special immunities. But all labor the fiames of infiation. · under such circumstances. 1028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 21 In discussing the considerations and utmost to enlighten the public.about the of that kind dead in its tracks all at one pressures which finally brought about crisis we face in the labor-management crack. We've made a great effort in the steel business to try to stop it. We made the settlement, one steel executive said field. For if the public is awakened, the some mistakes as we went along but, by this: special interest groups will also begin to and large, we tried our best to slow the The thing that really ended the matter­ realize that labor as well as the whole thing down. really what finally made us capitulate-was Nation benefits through increasing pro­ "Now, the settlement, · as actually made, the politicians in Congress. duction, maximizing inventive genius gives an advance of about half in the next The real pressure that developed was the and technology, encouraging savings for 3 years of what we've had in the past 3 years. fear of a Democratic Congress and what they new investment to create new jobs, pro­ That's a pretty fair step forward. The thing would do if they had to meet an emergency. viding noninflationary wage increases to that really ended the matter-really what If there was a threat of a resumption of the finally made us capitulate-was the politi­ strike, Congress would be proposing all kinds put more money into consumer hands, cians in Congress. of laws to prevent it, and these laws would and promoting national growth of a dy­ "The real pressure that developed was the not be the kind that would be carefully con­ namic and creative economy. fear of a Democratic Congress and what they sidered or thoughtfully discussed. They Unfortunately, I fear that many of my would do if they had to meet an emergency. would be emergency laws passed in order to colleagues in the other party continue to If there was a threat of a resumption of the force a settlement of the strike. It was the view the future through a rearview mir­ strike, Congress would be proposing all kinds fear o£ that kind of law, as well as the t·or, reflecting the depression decade of of laws to prevent it, and these laws would threat of the steel strike being resumed, the thirties. Many Democrats, particu­ not be the kind that would be carefully con­ which most of us thought would do a last• larly those who follow the line of the s~dered or thoughtfully discussed. They tng damage to our employer-employee rela­ would be emergency laws passed in order to tions and to the whole country. Democratic advisory council, continue to force a settlement of 'the strike. It was the tag themselves as "reactionaries" and fear of that kind of law, as well as the threat Vice President NrxoN and Secretary of "partisans" by standing timidly and of the steel strike being resumed, which most Labor Mitchell have been subjected in fearfully on the threshold of the 1960's. of us thought would do a lasting damage to some quarters to charges of political in­ Seemingly, they prefer to spend all their our employer-employee relations and to the volvement in the steel settlement. Para­ time squabbling over the way the cake is whole country. We would have had a dim­ doxically, they actually helped to extri­ sliced instead of helping to bake a larger cult time ever getting repeal of the drastic, cate ·the steel dispute from the mire of cake so everybody can have a bigger slice. ill-considered legislation that would have politics, in a highly political year. In a Republicans, on the other hand, be­ been passed." The head of another steel company believes real sense, the settlement has given the lieve that we must move with the times the adverse nature of the settlement has been process of free collective bargaining an­ and not live in the past. overemphasized. He says: other chance for survival. We believe that our contest with com­ "No one, of course, could ever S!l -important is that fourth· quality o~ a competition. . Mr. RHODES of Arizona. My point .wise political party: The long-rang~ Lastly, consider the tyranny of taxes in ·including these . tables is to show perspective to see beyon<;~ immediacy and .and inflation over ho1,1sehold spep(ting .that ·the other party while in the White ,easy temptations of any partic~lar crisis, money: Taxes and inflation have pre­ House and in control of Congress-­ any special month or year. Sincerely, I vented the average American family .whichever approach is used-has bad ·do not believe that either of those two ·from increasing its real disposable in­ the characteristic of high spending. administrations would have inaugurated come as rapidly as our growing economy It has the tendency to downgrade the 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1031 importance of :fiscal responsibility. I Keyserling has become the economic attention on the problem of preserving realize that the last three wars have oc­ spokesman of his group and his philoso­ economic freedom for future Americans. · curred when that party controlled the phy is that deficit spending is the road And today those disunities make it im­ White House and Congress. These wars to prosperity. possible for it to serve the average did contribute greatly to our staggering The Democratic council thus far has American consumer, such as the house­ national debt. Perhaps the fact that been unable to comprehend what made wife buying household goods. Rising that party was in power when wartimes America the greatest producer, the most prices hurt every family in America. demanded deficit spending bred in it the prosperous Nation in history. The In the subsequent speech of this series habit of peacetime deficit spending, or American inventive and productive gen­ the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CuR­ to put it another way, the short-range ius has given us our standard of living. TIS] will outline ways that Republicans crisis viewpoint of all problems. Every American, and especially every propose to stabilize our economy, so that In any event, much of this high spend­ worker, has had a direct interest in our the consumer and the family will be ing during peacetime was done under industrial capitalism. And it is the duty protected. He will outline ways for eco­ the guise of kindness to the common of government to be continually watch­ nomic freedom to be enlarged for all our man, a kindness, unhappily, which ful that industrial monopoly does not children. turned into a tyranny over the common destroy that interest of the worker. We Republicans are in a position to man. At least until recently, the Marxian carry out this program, because we pos­ We have already seen whom this concept that wages and profits are in sess party unity, party philosophy based tyranny oppresses. We took examples conflict has been disbelieved in America. on principle, party democracy, and par­ of the elderly living on pensions, the And if it is beginning to be believed now, ty foresight for future generations of widow, the dedicated schoolteacher, and responsible are the two previous admin­ Americans. the typical American family that be­ istrations which encouraged union mo­ TABLE A.-Executive clebt responsibility comes bonded to taxes and rising prices. nopoly to demand higher and higher These were groups especially hurt by wages even when inflationary, and even [In millions] the 50 percent decline of the dollar from when destructive of the creative capital Increase Reduction 1939 to 1949. These are not the million­ necessary to give the unemployed new aires, not the society of the rich. These jobs. 1901-13 (fiscal years 1901-13) are the common everyday people that Yet, the advisory council has no legis­ Republican ______------$81 make up this great country. 1913-21 (fiscal years 1914-21) lative or executive power today. So, the Democratic______-$22,463 ------That leads me to another observation Congress cannot altogether shirk the 1921- 33 (fiscal years 1922-33) about the second quality we have called blame for its attempt to perpetuate these Republican ______------1, 761 1933-52 (fiscal years 1934-53) essential to a political party being bene­ New-Fair Deal policies since the expo­ Democratic______-239,405 ------ficial to the Nation. I refer to a coher­ nents of those bizarre policies departed 1953-59 (fiscal years 1954-59) ent political philosophy based on prin­ from the White House and took refuge Republican______-19,321 ------ciple. The political philosophy of the in the Democratic advisory council. opposition party supposedly has been Since then, this Congress has been eon­ TABLE B.-CongressionaZ clebt responsibility one of helping the common man. Yet, trolled by the opposition for nearly 6 [In millions] we see now how the New and Fair Deal years. The spending actions of the ma­ Majority philosophy perpetuated beyond the crisis jority clearly illustrate another inher­ Fiscal years party respon­ Debt in· Debt re­ which gave it birth, has boomeranged to ent lack in the opposition party. I speak sible in Con· crease duction hurt the common man. In other words, of the lack of unity, the first quality we gress (House) this philosophy about helping the com­ called essential for the decade ahead. mon man by the economy of deficit The other party is the product of po­ 1901-11.______Republican ___ ------$78 1912-19 ______Democratic___ $23,260 ------spending is a camouflage of true facts. litical disunity. And ironically, it does 1920-31. ______Republican ___ ------7,898 Will some constructive thinkers ac­ win its congressional elections through 1932-47 _.:____ _ Democratic___ 238, Zl2 ------1948-49______Republican ___ ------6, 608 cuse us of dwelling too much on the the use of political disunity, by dividing 1950-53. _ ----- Democratic.__ 13, 078 ------past? Will they say that the depression the people into special interest groups 1954-55______Republican___ 7, 297 ------of 1929 to 1939 was indeed a difficult and promising each group whatever it 1956-59______Democratic___ 12,024 ------dilemma, as was the postwar adjustment asks. Because it does not have any uni­ NOTE.-These tables are compiled by the surplus or of 1945-1949? Will they maintain that fying principle behind the political phi­ deficit of each fiscal year for which the President in table at least the Democrats tried different losophy, a candidate in the Far West can A and the Congress in table .B were responsible (al· solutions, and even if they erred on the run on a platform conflicting with that though not necessarily in office that year). side of an expediency that hampered the of a candidate in the Deep South, or on · Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, dynamic forces in our economy, at least the east coast. will the gentleman yield? we should give them credit for experi­ In effect, those candidates, when in Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I yield to menting? At least, should we let the Congress, can reconcile their differences the gentleman from Nebraska. dead bury the dead? by each taking what they want from the Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I think the Here is how I answer: Treasury. This is government by special presentation the gentleman has made is Were this dead past really dead, I interests. The cumulative results of gov­ one of the most forceful and all inclu­ would agree not to disturb it. But, as ernment by special interests, as we noted sive on the question of inflation and we enter a decade of tremendous earlier, is enlarged centralization, and .deficit spending that I have heard. I promise, that dead past reaches out and rising prices. Now it reaches proportions · think the problem he discussed is the clutches at our economic vitals until we where it becomes that economic tyranny most serious problem facing this coun­ realize it is not dead at all. Especially we discussed. try today. Inflation and deficit spend­ the Democratic advisory council has There are indeed discerning Demo­ ing have stirred me to the point where I made an idol out of those past policies crats who do have strong economic prin­ believe that unless drastic steps are of deficit spending, inflation, and sub­ ciples which they would not sacrifice taken by this Congress to reduce spend­ sidization. Apparently it intends to ap­ and bend for political advantage. Let ing we are going to be in very serious ply them to the decade ahead, if an ad­ not my indictment be taken as a mass trouble. · visory-council-sponsored President again indictment of everyone in ·that party. I just wrote to a constituent recently enters the White House. But let my indictmen~ be taken as an in­ about what happened in France a few The Democratic advisory council still dictment of that party as a nationwide weeks ago. You may know that up until lives in the 1930's. They peer through party organization. That organization, a few weeks ago the franc was of little that rearview mirror and attempt to because of its disunity, cannot possibly ·value, but since that time the French apply to our prosperous economy the stand on one principle, one philosophy, people are handling something that 'they ·same program of regimentation which which it can and will serve. such.is its have not seen since their grandfathers' started our economic difficulties in the tragedy as it faces the challenges of the day-a franc which is worth 20 cents, first place. Their methods can steal age ahead. which is what its traditional value from our grasp the opportunities of the Naturally, these conditions of its ex­ should be. But in order to get this they age ahead. The advisory council's Leon istence make it impossible to center its ·had to turn in 100-franc notes, which 1032 CONGRESSIONAL )lECOIU>- HOUSl! January 21 means that inflation had reduced the old and vicissitudes, · but that of the Ukrai­ · Today the once-prosperous and pro­ currency to 1 percent of its former value. nians is almost uniformly one of unmiti­ ductive fair Ukraine is a land of the The point is that if infiation in the gated and unreliev~d suffering. ·It is Uilhappy and the unfortunate, where all United. States runs as far .as it 'has in almost beyond .comprehension how a its inhabitants- are held down and ruth­ .France,- the dollar-will 't>e worth a penny. ·nation· of so ·many, · today numbering ·lessly oppressed by the agents of the That ·means that 100 paper dollars will .some 42 million, could be held down for :Kreinlin.. ~he whole .. country .is prac­ be needed to ·buy one liard American ·so long b~ unwanted_alien rulers in their tically sealed . o:fl from the free world. doll.ar. . .homel8tnd, yet that ;is a tragic fact in .There is no trace of freedom. The coun­ This inflation in Franee has run for .the modern history of the Ukrainian try. is one large prison for its inhabitants, 40 years. Ours · has gone for about 2() . PeoPl~. Since the ·. middle of the 17th and they .all are driven to work under all -years. -So today, if we were to get a hard ·century, this large body of gifted, in­ sorts of hardships and priv:ationJ'or their ,dollar,. we would- have to turn in two for ·dustrious and gallant people have not .Soviet overlords. Their .most, cheriShed one. If we go the way of · tbe French, -been allowed, except for the b'l'ief peri<>Q possession is their spirit of freedom. In­ then we are going to be in the same of 1918-20, to enjoy the fruits of free .human Kremlin agents have resorted to situation that they had to co:rrect, b~ ·and independent life in their historic every trick, have us~d every means of cause they have had to fight the wars homeland. Through the turns and torture to deprive the Ukrainians of this that we have, of course, but in addition twists of fortune they have not been the priceless possession, but, fortunately, they have spent a great deal of money masters of their fate. They have been they have not succceeded iii their task. that they did not have for many social held down under the unrelenting hand Today, even under the most relentless schemes, wherein they were trying to do of alien despots. They have endured of totalitarian ·tyrannies, the stout­ something for the so-called common hardships, privations, misery. They hearted Ukrainian clings steadfastly to man. As a result, they are in this have been ruthlessly oppressed and per­ his national ideals and still preserves hl.s trouble. They have now corrected it by secuted for clinging to their national fervent love for freedom. this great sacrifice on the part. of all of ideals, for dreaming and cherishing their On the 42d anniversary of their Inde­ ~heir. people. . independence and freedom. Yet no op­ pendence Day I am glad to join these I certainly commend the gentleman.. pressive measure, no amount C)f severe liberty-loving Ukrainians in the celebra­ and I . hope that his words will ring persecution was to force them to aban:­ tion of their National Independence Day, throughout the country. don and f.orgo their yearning for free­ THE CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK RESOLUTION Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I thank the dom. Oppressions and persecutions gentleman for· his contribution also. united the Ukrainians against their foes, Mr. Speaker, this ·congress has ·every The gentlemar.. is correct when he says and toward the end of the First World right to take full pride in the passage of there are .many lessons we can learn .war, when the Czarist Russian regime the Captive Nations Week. resolution last from the French. Another lesson is the was overthrown, the Ukrainians pro­ "year. . As we approach another·summit, effect it has on the country when you claimed their independence and estab­ all Americans should reread this resolu:. have a monopolistic situation between lished the Ukrainian Republic. tion, which is now Public Law 86-90. We big labor and big business. The gentle­ should also examine the reasons why That was done on January 22, 1918. Khrushchev was unusually perturbed by man from Michigan [Mr. GRIFFIN], who Unfortunately, the Ukrainian Republic, this resolution. · · · just preceded me, mentioned this. thus born amid joy and jubilation, was The idea of such a monopoly, of course, Among the captive. nations listed in surrounded by powerful and greedy the resolution is Ukraine. On this ob­ would be that if big labor wanted a wage enemies, all eager and anxious to pounce increase it would go to big busiLess and servance of the 42d anniversary of the upon the new state. Early in 1920 the Independence of Ukraine. it is most fitting big business would give the wage in­ Ukrainian Republic was attacked by crease, fncrease prices and in the end the to include in my remarks. a study made surging Communist forces. Soon the of the resolution and its effects by its consumer would pay the bill. That hap­ country was overrun by the Red army·; pened in France for many years. One originator, Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, a pro­ then all Ukrainian opposition was ruth­ fessor of economics at Georgetown of the things which the now President of lessly crushed and the Ukraiile's inde­ France, I am sure, is trying to correct is University, Washington, D.C. To my pendence brought to an end. Since knowledge his article, entitled "The tha.t situation where nobody thought of then, for nearly 40 years, the country the consumer at all until it became too Captive Nations Week Resolution," is the has been submerged in the vast Soviet only documented study of this· congres­ late. I certainly hope that here in the Empire. During all that time, the United States we will learn that lesson sional achievement so far. The article Ukrainians have been suffering under appeared in. the September 1959 issue of before we find ourselves in the situation Soviet totalitarianism. Of course, all economically that- the French find their the authoritative· East European journal, peoples under Soviet tyranny suffer, but The Ukrainian Quarterly. great nation now. some suffer more than others, and some Mr. Speaker; I yield back the balance Professor Dobriansky, who is also the of my time. liave suffered for a longer period of time national chairman of the Ukrainian than most. But the 42 million Ukrain­ .Congress Committee of America, ana­ Mr. Rhodes of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, ians who constitute the second largest I ask unanimous consent to revise and lyzes in this study both the resolution extend my remarks and to include extra­ ethnic element in the Soviet Union have and the Presidential -proclamation, and perhaps suffered more, have sacrificed traces the immediate consequences of neous matter and tables. more, both in the number of victims and The SPEAKER pro tempore. ·Is there these documents up to Khrushchev's ar­ objection to the request of the gentle­ in wealth, than any other minority group. ticle in foreign . affairs. I believe that man from Arizona? They have borne the heavy yoke of the .after carefully reading this study each There was no objection. Kremlin longer than any other minority Member of Congress will be firmly con­ group in the Soviet Union. They have vinced of the .necessity to concentrate died in concentration camps by the mil­ our efforts on the majority of captive UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY lions. In slave-labor camps, in prisons, nations in the Soviet Union itself. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under in the distant Siberian wilderness, they The indicated article by Dr. Dobrian­ previous order of the House,· the gentle­ have been driven to starvation and death. sky from the Ukrainian Quarterly fol~ man from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] is The Soviet regime has been hard and lows: recognized for 60 minutes. . ' harsh on all nationality groups, but par:­ THE CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK RESOLUTION Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, Task 'unan­ ticularly so on the individualistic and (By, Lev E. Dobriansky,) imous consent to revise .and extend · my independent-spirited Ukrainians. For­ The Captive· Nations Week resolution, remarks and include extraneous matter. tunately, Commullist totalitarian die .. passed by ,the U.S. Congress last July, is The· SPEAKER ·pro teinpore. Is there tatorship has not been able to break the . now a vibrant part of living history. Its obJection to the request' of the gentleman spirit of freedom among them. These 'impact on international events was u'nmis­ trom Pennsylvai:iia?. , , · · ·· people have struggled ·against their op­ takably shown by the reaction it produced in pressors, fought witli all the meaiis Moscow. M~ny were taken by surprise with There' was no objection. them this reaction, others viewed it as the ex­ .·. Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, the his­ .at their disposal, even though for taking pected. The resolution and the Presidential tory of many nations of Europe is a sad such a stand they have pa.id a terrible proclamation which is based upon it were im­ ·blending of tragedy and misery, of woes toll in human lives. mediately subjected to all sorts of analyses. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1033 Some held they were bad: a number fa­ "Whereas the desire for. liberty and inde­ designating the third week in July 1959 as vored them, but contended that tl;le_ t1m1ng pendence by the overwhelming :majority of ~·captive Nations Week" and to issue a sim­ was poor; and many hailed the event in every: the people of these submerged nations con­ ilar proclamation each year untU such time respect. Most commentators, analysts, and stitutes a powerful deterrent to war and one as freedom and independence shall have been ·newsmen in this country never really grasped of the best hopes for a just and lasting peace; achieved for all the captive nations of the the full meaning and signlflcance of these and . world: documents. Worse still, a number of them "Whereas it is tlttlng that we clearly mani­ "Now, therefore, I, Dwight D. Eisenhower, in their typical haste garbled up the facta fest to such people through an appropriate President of the United States of America, do leading to the passage of the resolution. and oftlcial means the historic fact that the hereby designate the week beginning July In the judgment of this writer the world people of the United States share with them 19, 1959, as Captive Nations Week. has not heard the last of these documents. their aspirations for the recovery of their "I invite the people of the United States of Their deep importance is-yet to be revealed in freedom and independence: Now, therefore, America to observe such week with appro­ thought and action. Their infiuence will stm be it priate ceremonies and activities and urge be felt in many quarters of the world. ".Resolved by the Senate and House of .Rep­ them to study the plight of the Soviet-dom­ Vested in them are possib111ties and prospects resentatives of the United States of America inated nations and to recommit themselves which time itself will unravel and cause to be in Congress assembled, That the President of to the support of the just aspirations of the realized. Particularly here in the United the United States is authorized and requested peoples of those captive nations. States the. potential developments suggested to issue a proclamation designating the third · "In witness whereof I have hereunto set by the contents of these documents are so week in July 1959 as 'Captive Nations Week' my hand and caused the ·seal of the United tmmense and promising that at this time a ~nd inviting the people of the United States States of America to· be aftlxed. methodical exposition of all aspects sur­ to observe such week with appropriate cere­ "Done at the city of Washington this 17th rounding this subject is clearly necessary. monies and activities. The President is fur­ day of July in the year of our Lord 1959 and Because of its historical bearing, the sub­ ther authorized and requested to issue a of the Independence of the United States of ject deserves close documentation and study. similar proclamation each year until such America the 184th." An examination of the documents them­ time as freedom and independence shall have been achieved for all the captive nations of Now, a comparison between this document selves, a description of the background to and the preceding one shows instantly the their realization, a systematic review of the the world." Since it was this writer who substantively marks of historical devaluation, a supposedly chief events produced by them, and a brief softening tone, and some befogging of the analysts of the subject with an eye to ita provided and wrote these clauses, in addition to the basic ideas of the resolution itself, he issues and identities. The proclamation was futural significance would be in order in any drafted and prepared in the Department of such study. regards the following as the essential ideas of the measure: (1) the unity-in-diversity State. By professional bent the Depart­ PUBLIC LAW 86-90 . AND THE RESOLUTION nature of our own Nation, (2) the farce ment's members are addicted to diplomatic To appreciate the total meaning of the of peaceful coexistence of nations with an circumlocution and fringe expressions of the resolution, it is obviously a sine qua non for existing Iron Curtain, (3) the belated recog­ truth that obfuscate calllng things by their one to read every clause in it. Unfortunately, nition of the majority of the captive nations right names. However, the proclamation too many who were quick t.:> comment on it, in the Soviet Union, ( 4) the a wareness of had to be allned with the resolution and failed to meet this requisite. Their com­ Rusisan Communist imperialism and colo­ the latitute for verbal sophistry and obfus­ tnents plainly showed this. The resolution is cation was in this case somewhat more re­ nialism since 1918, and (5) the basic, deter­ stricted than is ordinarily the case. Never­ now Public Law 86-90, a law of the land. It mining position of the captive nations in theless, many who read the proclamation reads as follows: our worldwide strategy against Moscow's cold without bothering to scan the underlying "Whereas ~he greatness of the United war threat. These are the essential political resolution wound up with the same plati­ States is in large part attributable to its views in the resolution which are in complete tudes and misconceptions about the captive having been able, through the democratic accord with history and provide fundamental nations. In short, they missed the crucial process, to achieve a harmonious national guidelines for American foreign policy. In point of the whole event, including the unity of its people, even though they stem order to interpret accurately the reasons for reasons for Khrushchev's explosion. from the most diverse of racial, religious and Mr. Khrushchev's outbursts against the res­ It should be evident to the careful reader ethnic backgrounds; and olution, one must first comprehend percep­ that certain sloppy and imprecise terms were "Whereas this harmonious unification of tively the meaning of these ideas. Nikita introduced into the situation by the procla­ the diverse elements of our free society has the Sanguine, more than anyone else, fully mation. Soviet cotnn1Unism is a meaning­ led the people of the United States to possess and i-nstinctively understood the pointedness less abstraction without any objective foun­ a warm understanding and sympathy for the of truth ln the resolution and responded ac­ dation. The motivation for its use is the aspirations of peoples everywhere and to rec­ cordingly. It not only disturbed his pres­ misleading desire not to implicate the Rus­ ognize the natural interdependency of the ent plans of political-psychological ruse for sian people for what Moscow does. Stub­ peoples and nations of the world; and the American people but also frightened him born facts show that the imperialistic and "Whereas the enslavement of a substantial with its possib111ties in the cold war which colonial enterprise is peculiarly Russian, but, part of the world's population by Communist he has absolutely no intention of ending. according to some, we are not to be guided imperialism makes a mockery of the idea of For him to end the cold war is like taking by facts. Woodrow Wilson had no theoret­ peaceful coexistenc~ between nations and a motor out of a car and expecting it to ical difficulties in differentiating between constitutes a detriment to the natural bonds operate. German imperialism and the German people of understanding between the people of the These fundamental ideas must be borne in and thus designating the first as our clear­ United States and other peoples; and mind if any sound analysis is to be made cut enemy. Nor had Franklin D. Roosevelt "Whereas since 1918 the imperialistic and of the resolution. Before one embarks on with regard to Itallan fascism, German aggressive policies of Russian communism this analysis, he should draw certain evident nazism, and Japanese imperialism. Today, have resulted in the creation of a vast em­ comparative observations between the con­ we are asked to pursue phantoms rather pire which poses a dire threat to security of gressional resolution and the ensuing Presi­ than be guided by historical experience and the United states and of all the free peoples dential proclamation. The proclamation properly identify the enemy. The resolution of the world; and · that was issued by President Eisenhower clearly identifies the enemy; the proclama­ "Whereas the imperialistic policies of Com­ contains the following: tion falls to do this . munist Russia have led through direct and ..Whereas many nations throughout the Another equally and purposely confusing indirect aggression, to the subjugation of the world have been made captive by the im­ term is "Soviet-dominated." The undis­ national independence of Poland, Hungary, perialistic and aggressive policies of Soviet criminating reader cannot but leave with Lithuania., Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Latvia., communism; and the impression that this means dominated Estonia, White Ruthenia, Rumania, East Ger­ •'"Whereas the peoples of the Soviet-dom­ by the Soviet Union. If, in the light of the many. Bulgaria, mainland Chlna, Armenia, inated nations have been deprived of their resolution, this point were raised, the De­ Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Korea, Albania. national independence and their individual partment would defend itself by pointing Idel-Ural, Tibet, Cossackia, Turkestan, North liberties; and out the general scope of the proclamation Vietnam, and others; and "Whereas the citizens of the United States which speaks of captive -nations "throughout •'Whereas these submerged nations look to are linked by bonds of family and principle the world" and alludes to nations "on every the United States, as the citadel of human to those who love freedom and justice on continent." Briefly, guarding itself in this freedom, for leadership in bringing about every continent; and manner, it would hold that a meticulous their liberation and independence and in re­ "Whe.reas it is appropriate and proper to reading of the proclamation would indicate storing to them the enjoyment of their manifest to the peoples of the captive na­ a complete conformity with the resolution Chtlstian, Jewish, Moslem, Buddhist, or other tions the support of the Government and the sinc..l all the captive nations are implied by religious freedoms, and of their 1ndiv1dual people of the United States of America for these inconspicuous phrases. On this score, liberties; and their just aspirations for freedom and na- its defense is invulnerable. The drafters of "Whereas it is vital to the national secu­ tional independence; and - · the proclamation could. moreover, argue rity 91 the United States that the desire for · "whereas by a joint resolution approved that "Soviet-dominated" means dominated liberty and independence on the part of the July 17, 1959, the Congress has authorized by Soviet Russia which, historically; is the peoples of these conquered nations should and requested-the -President of the United case since 1918. In this, too, it squares off be steadfastJ.y kept alive; and . States of America to issue a proclamation with the resolution. Quite plainly, the 1034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 21 letter of the law is met with, but the inten­ readily show this. The target period was, ama~ing that the subjugation of the captive tion to crystallize the truth differs between therefore, the week following the Fourth. millions throughout the Communist empire the resolution and the proclamation. In the - For several reasons the writer sought the has not even been mentioned." cold · war, some :Call to realize that tremen­ cooperation of Senator DouGLAS but in­ The role played by Congressman McCoR­ dous capital gain can be obtained by proper- . sisted from the start that the measure must MACK was crucial to the passage of the res­ ly exploiting the truth: Paradoxically, it is be bipartisan. He recommended Senator' olution in the House. · His efforts, too, can­ usually the same ·individuals who will pro­ iJAVITS of New York to cosponsor it in the not be praised:enough. When he presented test violently against using the methods Senate and indicated that a similar biparti­ it on July 9, he declared that "this is a very employed by the deceiving Rus_sians. A san basis would be formed in the House. important resolution that will have tremen­ proper exploitation of the truth xneans to The cooperation extended was exemplary and dous effect on the minds of men ~nd women face it squarely, precisely, and unqualifiedly. most encouraging. It underwent ~me everywhere throughout the world who are :This, more than anything else, can destroy changes in style and wording, but the sub­ subjected to Communist dictation and who the deceptive· designs of Moscow. The reso­ stance throughout remained intact. This desire to be free under their· own law."' lution does this, and the result proved it. writer has even to redress a few of these Congressman BENTLEY, a sponsor of the res­ · In spite of all this, the President deserves stylistic changes in order to preserve the olution, joined with the House majority our highest praise and compliments in issu­ meaning of the resolution. leader to see its passage through. Congress­ ing, forthrightly and courageously,· this his­ On June 22 Senator· DouGLAS introduced men JUDD, WALTER, and others spoke elo­ toric proclamation. His defense of the action the resolution which became known as Sen­ quently in favor of its passage. The meas­ taken gr~w bolder as the days went by. ate Joint Resolution 111.2 Senator JAVITS, ure was unanimously passed by voice vote There aren't superlatives enough to praise of New York, joined with him. It was origi­ on July 9. Despite the limited comments ~dequately the act of leadership shown by the nally planned to have the resolution on the of some observers, it is difficult to see how Congress on an extraordinary · bipartisan table in the Senate for 2 days. However, any right•thinking American could possibly basis. In years to come, more so than now, in order to permit extensive cosponsorship object to the contents of this resolution. the wisdom and vision of this act will be the period was lengthened to a week. In this The speed with which it passed Congress in fully comprehended. time the writer employed facilities to inform itself attested to the solid contents of the THE BACKGROUND TO THE RESOLUTION the majority of Senators of the resolution resolution. As indicated above, on July 17, the Presi­ The background to the resolution is an and this opportunity for their cosponsoring it. In addition, the committee of which he dent issued his proclamation. Events moved interesting one. The idea was conceived a swiftly the following week. Church cere­ year ago when this writer was on the faculty is chairman swung into action to alert all interested organizations and groups of what monies were held in many cities and on July of the National War College. Then, as now, 23, Mr. Gearge Meany, president of the AFL­ he was increasingly concerned over the grow­ was ·transpiring. In the meantime, on June 23, Congressman BENTLEY, of Michigan, in­ CIO stated: "The observance of •captive ing indifference in many American circles Nations' Week' by the American people has toward not only the status but also the stra­ troduced a parallel measure in the House, numbered House Joint Resolution 435. By provoked Mr. Khrushchev to more bluster .tegic value of the captive nations. Then, as and to still louder threats. This outburst now, the chief thrust of Russian propaganda the end of this week in June, the Senate measure was being cosponsored by Senators by the Soviet dictator is only a demonstra­ was in the direction of obtaining American tion of the inherent weakness of his sprawl­ accession to the vast empire built by the Moss, Bush, Lausche, Scott, Hartke, Green, Dodd, Humphrey, Hart, Neuberger, Keating, ing slave empire." At one of the President's Russian Communists since 1918. When Mr. news conferences the question was raised Khrushchev speaks of "peaceful coexistence," Young of North Dakota, Engle, Curtis, Lan­ ger, Morse, and Case of New Jersey. as to whether Mr. NIXON had a strike against he means nothing more than Anierican ac­ him before his departure for Moscow. The quiescence to the permanent security of his Once this action was completed, increasing attention was given to it by individuals and President answered in part: "Well, no. · I empire. His two-fold purpose in obtaining wouldn't think of it in that way ••. I don't this guarantee of the territorial integrity of groups who communicated with the legis­ lators and expressed their support of the think there is any specific relationship be­ his empire is to gain time for its consolida­ tween the two things." 11 The fact is that tion, which would come easy with the broken measure. Because of the shortness of time, after the resolution was referred to the Sen­ there was a very definite relationship.· How­ wills of the captive nations, and to secure ever, it is significant that the following Sun­ further his base for cold war operations in ate Judiciary Committee, it was decided to amend the observance period to the third day, the President joined in prayer for the the open field of the free world. This situa­ oppressed nations at a Presbyterian Church tion existed last year as, indeed, it exists week in July. The decision was made to allow time for the preparation of ceremonies in Gettysburg, Pa. The minister, Rev. today. Robert A. MacAskill keyed his sermon to the in the event that the measure pas~ed the In planning any such resolution a ripe proclamation and rightly declared: "Com­ condition is necessary. The occasion pre­ Congress and the President issued a procla­ mation. Concerning the time coincidence munism is doomed. It is doomed because sented itself with the Russian Communist it denies the divine origin of humanity and murder of Imre Nagy. The writer prepared a wit h the NIXON visit, Senator DoUGLAS was perfectly correct in stating that this was the authority of God. The verdict is al­ concurrent resolution on Captive Nations' ready pronounced." 8 Days in which he interested Congressman unpremeditated. However, as far as this writer was concerned, it really made no dif­ This writer sent a telegram to the Presi­ CRETELLA, Of Conn·ecticut. Mr. CRETELLA sub­ dent which in part was refeiTed to by David mitted it with a prefaced address on July 2, ference whether the week would be pro­ claimed immediately after the Fourth or in Lawrence whose column lauded day after 1958.1 Those who now call for a Captive day .both the resolution and the proclama­ Nations' Year might be reminded that this the third week. Due to the new elements 7 contained in the resolution, Khrushchev tion. The first paragraph of the message original resolution was designed to observe read: "As the originator of the Captive Na­ the independence and other historic days of would have exploded before NIXON's visit as well as during it. tions' Week idea and resolution, I cannot the captive nations throughout the year. adequately express in words our profound The aim was to keep the subject of national The resolution was unanimously passed by gratitude for your well-worded proclama­ captivity steadfastly before the American voice vote in the Senate on July 6. In large tion and also for your personal participation public. When the resolution was considered measure, Senator EASTLAND, the chairman of in a prayerful observance of the Week in by the House Judiciary Committee, its chair­ the Judiciary Committee, was responsible for Gettysburg, Pa." It should be emphasized man broke a tie vote and cast his vote against this expedition. He cannot be thanked too that Mr. Lawrence was one of the few com­ it. One of the chief reasons given in oppo­ graciously for his foresight and solid sup­ mentators who grasped the full import of sition to the resolution was that it involved port. On this, the vicious and nonsensical the resolution. His articles make for worth­ too many days of observance. From a psy­ comments on the Senator's role by Walter while reading on this vital subject: Later, chological point of view, this was a valid Lippman, who curiously on one day wrote there were others, too, who developed its sig­ objection. Obviously, the alternative was to favorably about the resolut ion and later nificance. The following month, for ex­ compress the observance within the span of strongly opposed it, need not be taken se­ ample, George E. Sokolsky wrote an article a weelt. riously. With the momentum increasing in on "The Captive Nations" in which he said: · This year two occasions arose for a propi­ tempo, the sturdy House majority leader, "Nevertheless, it has been characteristic of Congressman McCoRMACK, then entered into tious reintroductio~ of the idea, namely the Russian history that what the Russians take, t he picture to facilitate the passage of the they never give up willingly. Russia has Geneva Conference and the forthcoming visit measure in the House. Meanwhile, Congress­ been lik~ a rolling snowball, gathering size of Vice President NIXON to Moscow. Both man FEIGHAN, on July 8, introduced House occasions were sufficiently close to our own as it rolled on and on." He rightly observed Joint Resolution 459 to parallel the amended further "that all Russians smile when they Independence Day which carries its own measure of the Senate.3 The Congressman symbolic weight. Making ·allowances for de­ from Ohio told the House that in our so­ velopments over the past year, the resolution called negotiations with Moscow on Berlin £ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VOlUme 105, part was revised in both form and cont ent but 10, pages 13116-13117. and other issues, it is "nothing short of 5 the essential political ideas were preserved. Transcript of news conference, UPI, July 22, 1959, No. 1. A comparison of the two resolut ions will 2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VOlume 105, part 0 The Washington Post, .Monday, July 27, 11, pages 11398-11399. 1959,.p. 1. . 1 . H. Con. Res. 347, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VOlUme 105, part 7 David Lawrence, "U.S. People and volume 104, part 10, page 12989. 10, pages 13006-13007. Khrushchev," Washington Star, Aug. 6, 1959. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1035 see Americans. It looks more like a belly similarly. Needless to say, puppets could Government with regard to the c..

86-9~. especially 'in a. -·promising and -hat ~"noninterferenee in the --affairs -of others.-" concerns· the liberation. of. the- ·captiv~ - non­ . presidential .;year. This article·ls, ·in,essence, ··The k-audulen:t 1s8ue --or·· "oommunism versus Russian nations in the U.S.S.R .• - nnwhere a necessary sequel to an earlier· one which 'capitalism" P$ hla expedfent propaganda de­ does the resolution c.ont~n any specification d~scribed with considerable documentation ,flector. aimed to distract Western attention of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and even a the origin, development, ~ and e:fiect.s ():( I tlie from the ~al iaaue between Russian imperial­ certain ural area." It does specify the Tur­ resolution.1 · ist sJaveJ'Y aDd freedom. In these :respects, kestan nation and ldel-Ural which consists In a way, the fact 'that tl:l.e subsequent · he has ·realtzedr tremendous progress, but; ·a of the Tatars, Ba.Shkirs, an.d other non·Rus­ events pertaining to the resolutiOn hav·e specter has befallen him, like a blaclt ·cat sian peoples between the Volga · and the been overlooked suggests in itself the lack of ··CFossi-ng his path· of progress. · Fraught with Urals. As shown ·in- the writer's previous appreciative understanding in this country all sorts of possibllitiea. the specter of his article on the resolution, it was the :realistic of the content and meaning_ of this. docu­ eaptives haunt& Khrushchev and the mirror inclusion of the captive non-Russian nations · ment. .we seem to prefer to spend -an in· of this specteJt was opportunely presented In the Soviet Union that really caused the ordinate amount of time and resources on by our own Congress. Khrushchev explosion in July.• In his economic, military,_ ~nd other comparisons After the July outburst, Khrushchev de· article Khrushchev attempts a literary dero­ between ourselves and the Soviet Union clded ·to crack this mirror further with cer­ -gation of this most vital and basic point of which, in most cases, -rest on ~alse conceptual tain ob'serva.tion in his. so-called article in the resolution. "premises anyway. Warning~r ·of 'dUferent ·the Foreign AJfairs periodical. His comments About his telling "the full truth,'• whereby . threats by Moscow are conjured up ·almost .are quite illuminating·. He writes= the mythical "Soviet people,. regarded· the dally nowadays that the mounting develop­ "You disagree with us? Prove by facts resolution as an "act of provocation," the ment of a deep polltical neurosis in this that -your system is superior and more efll­ Informed reader couldn't even extract an country would certainly be. no cause for ·cacio.us, .th.at it. 1s capable of ensuring a eighth of a. truth. The note of Khrushchev's wonderment. Present -trends -of confusion .higher degree .of prosperity for the people humble personal agreement with this and exaggerated thought regarding the Soviet than the socialist system. that under capital­ imagined consensus is enough to suggest his ·Union and its prodigious power. were· antic­ ism man can be happier than under social­ typical approach toward any truth. But ipated by this writer soon after the Mt­ ism. It is Impossible to prove this. I have ·What is most significant in these passages ts koyan v1sit.:a The acceleration o! these no other explanation for the fact that talk Khrushchev's use of a spurious argument trends was also foreseen prior to the. arrival of violently 'roll1ng back' communism never that is characteristically exploited by anti­ of Khrushchev.• -ceases in the West. Not long ago the U.S. Communist Russian emigres and their un­ The extent to which naive thinking ab.ou't Senate and House of Representatives deemed wary American friends In the hope of main­ Moscow's fraudulent peace intentions has it proper to pass a resolution call1ng for the taining the· territorial integrity of the basic been pushed in many sections of our so­ liooration of the Socialist countries allegedly Russian Empire. His implied comparison be­ ciety is a measure of Khrushchev's propa­ enslaved by communism and, moreover, of tween Texas, Arizona, and California and ganda victory here.. Ingenious remarks re­ a number of union republics constituting eomparable areas in the: U.S.S.R. is, except corded daily by the high and the low about part of the Soviet Union. The authors of for geography, a speciosity which has hood­ Nikita really wanting peace are clearly in­ the resolution call for the liberation of the winked many Americans. They are no more dicative of our defective understanding of Ukraine. Byelorussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Es­ validly comparabie than ·are the economies the nature of the struggle. As the writer tonia, Armenia. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakh­ of the U'nited States and the U.S.S.R. recently emphasized in an address to the stan. Turk!nenistan, and even a certain Ural During Khrushchev's visit here an attempt lOth annual meeting of the· All-American area. was made to challenge him on his mislead­ Conference To Combat Communism, "I would not be tell1ng the full truth if Ing pob:~t:r In fact, at the tea arranged by "Khrushchev has so effectively administered I did not say that the adoption of this 111- the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, tranq'\liliZing cold war pills to major sec­ starred resolution was regarded by the Soviet the following question was posed by Senator tors of our society that an increasing num­ people as an act of provocation. Personally DIRKSEN, Of Illinois;· ber of Americans aren't even aware of the l agree with this appraisal. "In your article in FOreign Affairs, you mis­ great strides made by imperialist Moscow in "It would be interesting to see, inciden­ takenly compare Texas, Arizona, and Cali­ this perilous phase of the permanent cold tally, how the authors of this resolution fornia with c~rtain non-Russian nations in war." • The marked incursions made by would have reacted if the Parliament of the U.S.S.R. Would you oo wllllng to stage, Moscow this. year in Latin America, South Mexico, for instance, had passed a resolution under U.N. auspices and control, free voting Asia, and Africa are advances of the most demanding that Texas, Arizona, and Cali­ conditions to determine whether the natives serious import. Indeed, Khrushchev's sin­ fornia oo· liberated from America.n slavery. of Lithuania, Ukraine, and the Caucasian gular victory of exacting an invitation to Apparently they have never pondered such a states want to remain in the U.S.S.R. or be this country has in itself produced confu­ question, which is very regrettable. Some­ independent states and whether the resi­ sion and doubt here; it has entrenched the times comparisons help to understand the dents of comparable Arizona, Texas, and power of Khrushchev with new airs of re­ essence o! a matter." 1 Callfornia want to remain in the United spectablllty and legitimacy. The freedom A concise, critical analysis. of these pas­ States or be completely independent states? hopes of milllons of patriotS' in Moscow's sages. is not at all difficult. In raising the Let's compete in ideas and action?" a empire have been scalded, while false im­ points that he does, it is immediately evi­ Following the tea meeting, Senator DIRK· pressions of Moscow's inflated power have dent that Khrushchev is banking on the SEN stated to the press that on this and become more widepread among the newly unfamiliarity of his American readers with numerous other questions "Khrushchev took independent nations. Scanning an of this, the realities of the Soviet Union. First, the a fifth amendment stand." Indeed, in the our most loyal allies situated about. the introductory sentences on socialism and very first phase of his visit Khrushchev periphery of the Russian Communist empire capitalism could be easily dispensed with. showed quite plainly that he was not inter­ could not but become increasingly uneasy As mentioned above, a point of argumen­ ested in any free intellectual exchange of about our world leadership·. This result of tative deflection is introduced here with no ideas. Those who opposed his visit had the Khrushchev's propaganda victory explains foresight to warn of this· at the time the in­ the reason for President Eisenhower's deci­ real bearing on the issue troublfng Khru­ .shchev. A complete and thorough politico­ vitation was extend.ed . sion to visit many of these areas. All of economic comparison between the national At the third session of the U.S.S.R. Su­ these developments form the backdrop for economy of the United States of America preme Soviet,. held on October 31, Khru­ Khrushchev's aim to extricate the one shchev once again saw fit to tear into the psychopolitical thorn lodged deeply in his and the empire economy of the U.S.S.R. would lead to a day and night conclusion 'Captive Nations Week resolution. On this side--the Captive Nations Week :resolution. when it comes to the values of efficacy, pros­ point, the o.fficial text of . his report. to this NIKITA'S CAPTIVE' SPECTER perity, and happiness. Unfortunately, little captive audience reads as follows: By all evidence, the cardinal obje.ctive of work along these realistic lines has been "Now times have changed. Even some of Khrushchev's maneuvers and protestations done in this country. ·It should oo note­ the most ac_tive exponents of the 'positions these past 2 years have ooen the rapid con­ worthy~ nevertheless, for the :reader that of strength' policy see its. futility. Only the solidation of Moscow's empire and Western Khrushchev has to inject the deflector before most belligerent Western politicians cannot accommodation to it. This is essentially what taking up the resolution. make up their mind to discard the old for­ he means by "peaceful coexistence" and The second point of critical interest is mula. In some p-laces one still hears re­ Khrushchev's own misreading of the reso­ yerberations_·of the past. Take, for ins.tance, lution or; tf 'he read it correctly; then his the much-to-oo-regretted decision of the • 1 "The Captive. Nations Week Resolution,"· ~merican Congress to hold the so-called the Ukrainian Quarterly, September 1959, dishonesty in the treatment of its contents. pp. 206-225. .Th.e resolution specifically refers to ensla.ve­ 'Captive Nations Week'...and to pray for their 2 See "Post: Mortems on Operation Ml• .:rnent; by Russian Cmnmunist aggression, not 1 koyan," CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, June 29', by the vague and meaningless concept of Ibid .• p. 220. 1959, pp. A5583-A5585. communism. By this. honest specification 7.See· -~'A Comment on... the- Khrushchev 8 "The Khrushchev· Invitation." CoNGRES• the resolution is grounded in hlstoFical fact; :Visit,":. CaNGRESs:ro.NAL RECORD. Sept. 18,. 1959, as SIONAL RECORD, Sept. 1~ 1.9~9. pp. A8l:S'1- not in philpsophical -vaguery. , Moreover, p.A8328. A8138. 8 See for other questions . "Khrushchev . 'AP and Washington Sunday- star; "Eeon• · 1'Nikita S. Khrushchev. "On.. Peaceflll Co­ Denies That Non-Russian ltepublies Are In­ omlst Derides .Red Peace: ~.·· Nov. l.&. existence,"'F'oreign. Affail's. val: 38, No.1. oc.-. dependent,.'... t.he> llkrainian BUlletin, Oct. 1959. tobe.r 1959, pp. 6-7. l-15, 1959, p. 6. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1039 liberation. In this case words other than age within the Soviet Union itself. Without holistic one. A grasp of the total war being 'rolling back' were used, but the gist re­ the captive Baltic nations, White Ruthenta, flung upon us is impossible also without a mained the same, the same appeal for inter­ Ukraine, the Caucasian nations, Turkestan working concept of cold war, which this ference in other peoples' affairs. and others mentioned In the resolution, writer defines as a twilight condition of nei­ "So you will see from the policy of 'rolling Russia with its 100 m1llion population and ther real peace nor hot war, where all the back' they have switched to praying to the its own resources, could scarcely be · called, basic elements of a hot war-predatory de­ Lord. What can it lead to? If the Western as the Moscow propaganda machine now sign, aggressive strategy, tactics, and tech­ leaders pray to God to liberate the peoples does, the greatest power in the world. It niques-are present, except for open mili­ of the Socialist countries, and we, in turn, would be no more comparable in power to tary combat between states. In short, as pray that He should liberate their peoples the United States than a reunited Germany long practiced by imperialist Russia, a cold from capitalist rule, we shall thus put God would be. From a cold war viewpoint, the war is the very soul and spirit of a hot in a quandary. What decision should He development of this inherent weakness in the war with the massive body of m111tary con­ make, after all?" • synthetic state known as the Soviet Union filet in secondary reserve. Here, too, the cardinal objective sought by would seriously de:fla.te all the bluster, bluff, THE PERMANENT RUSSIAN COLD WAR AND THB Khrushchev in the immediate period ahead and sham of Moscow's supp~sed economic RESOLUTION is evident again. His quasi-cynical remarks prowess, military might, scientific achieve­ about prayers and God do not conceal his ments, and cultural attainments. Parasitic Moscow has reaped impressive cold war sustained concern about "interference in growth on the basis of captive resources is successes this past year. Among the most other people's affairs." Such self-insuring not exactly alluring in propaganda or other­ outstanding is the increasing and undis­ interference on our part is in reality, of wise. Khrushchev apparently has the vision criminating acceptance of the Muscovite no­ course, one directed at the widespread Rus­ to see this; most of us, unfortunately, do tion of peaceful coexistence. Bamboozled by sian interference in and domination of all not. Russian propaganda on the supposed exclu­ the captive non-Russian nations. In brief, Our iack of vision was amply shown last sive alternatives of coexistence or codestruc­ Khrushchev singles out again the resolution summer. As a matter of fact, the interna­ tion, many voices in our Nation have clearly and in the abiding hope that "now times tional stir created by the resolution crystal­ warmed up to this essentially cold war no­ have changed" holds out for us not to inter­ lized the low level of our understanding tion. The irony of the current situation is fere with his colonial interference with the about the Soviet Union and its ersatz politi­ that if we are not to be cornered into a lives of the captive peoples. His victory in cal character. In one instance the writer hot war, we must face up to the realities of this fundamental regard would exceed in was impelled to take to critical task a grossly Russia's permanent cold war. Historically, value all the military might he has now or unbalanced editorial in one of our leading an unparalleled empire was built over five will have in the future. newspapers.10 At the time, many reporters, centuries by established cold war techniques. The Russian Communist Empire bases its NIKrrA WOULD BURY THE RESOLUTION writers, and analysts inquired to know where Turkestan or White Rl.ithenia is located. forward pressures on the selfsame tech­ On the basis of all evidence provided here Some wrote as though the minority captive niques.u and in the previous article, there can be no nations in Central Europe were the only na­ A sound theoretical basis for necessary cold doubt that the passage of the resolution by tions listed in the resolution. But what can war gaming is provided in the Captive Na­ Congress put an uncomfortable crimp in one expect when on the highest levels of our tions Week resolution. With an indispen­ Moscow's cold war operations. A careful Government the U.S.S.R. is referred to as sable apparatus, such as a Freedom Commis­ reading of Khrushchev's quoted utterances "the Soviet nation" and the different nations sion, the possib111ties suggested by the reso­ and statements on the subject shows an within the Soviet Union are arbitrarily and lution could be developed peacably and with anxiety to bury the resolution as quickly as somewhat insularly called "the Soviet decisive intent. The second observance of possible. For his liking it would be just the people" or "the Soviets." Aside from the the week next July should be exceedingly last breath of the past, a document firmly historical and demographic untruths of these ripe for a sober realization of these needs. buried under heaps of slogans declaring usages, the very suggestion of a united, in­ We cannot stress too strongly that the cap­ "peace and friendship." The reality he re­ tegrated, and monolithic power in the tive nations throughout the empire, and fuses to face is that there are too many U.S.S.R. is not even intelligent from a cold particularly in the Soviet Union, constitute Americans who know that the traditional war viewpoint. Moscow couldn't have some­ our most formidable weapon in the period Russian political slogan of peace and friend­ thing better if it were made to order. of mutual deterrence.11 Prayerful observ­ ship has for centuries been used to seduce Furthermore,· in terms of the resolution ances during the second anniversary of the neighboring non-Russian nations into cap­ and the wealth of evidence underlying it, resolution should occasion such sober tivity. There are others who, perhaps de­ our many economic, military, scientific, and thought and refiection throughout the pending more on sound logic than historical other comparisons between the U.S.S.R. and Nation. fact, are aware that in whatever sphere of the United States of America are drawn on Mr. Speaker, during these days of ap­ J;luman existence, peace and friendship are false premises. The writer demonstrated the consequent conditions of justice and peasement, during these days when the freedom, not their cause. The condition of this for the military in an article on "Basic importance of trade is assuming an as­ harmony necessarily implied by peace and Misconceptions in U.S. Military Thought on the U.S.S.R." 11 The same criticism applies to cendency over the importance of moral­ friendship is logically predicated on the real ity, during these days when there are prevalence of justice and freedom; and these our unrealistic economic comparisons. It requisite conditions do not prevail in the doesn't even make elementary sense in scien­ positive friendships and hands across the Russian Communist Empire. These things tific identification and description to speak seas, let me point out to you that Khru­ are known by countless Americans and, de­ of a grOSS" national product for the Soviet shchev, welcomed, praised, and honored spite Khrushchev's wishes, will continue to Union where both objective reality and legal in this Nation, was the leader of the be forcefully expressed in this country. structure clearly underwrite a multination­ greatest tyranny, the perpetrator of the However, there are certain realities we al arrangement. Moreover, the U.S.S.R., in essence an empire within an empire, is not -greatest crime of genocide with the con­ must face if we are to thwart Khrushchev's spired·and planned and deliberate mas­ plans to bury the resolution. The passage at all qualitatively comparable to the United of the measure last suinmer disclosed two States which is a nation-s.tate. The reso­ sacre of millions of Ukrainians. indisputable facts: one, the acute sensitivity lution suggests all this and far more. The Now this minor deity is honored by the of Moscow about the weakest and yet most development of these real implications can Western Christian World. And I have Vital nerve in its empire and, two, the. com­ pose a tremendous challenge to Moscow, test­ no better authority than J. Edgar plete lack of understanding in many sec­ ing quite peaceably numerous professions of Hoover who said this week that the Com­ tions of our Nation with regard to the the Russian propagandists. Khrushchev ac­ tually fears such a test and virtually para­ munist Party in the United States has content and significance of the resolution. never been stronger, never been better Khrushchev's denunciations of the resolution lyzes some of us with his coexis·tence or co­ last July, again in August, and once again in destruction propaganda, while at the same 'organized, never been more effective. October clearly demonstrate how deeply it time his cold war activities continue un­ never been more united, never been penetrated Moscow's cold war armor. Al­ diminished in every quarter of the globe. more dedicated than it is today. And, most needless to repeat, he fears this resolu­ Worked within a pattern of calculating Mr. J. Edgar Hoover attributes that dis­ tion more than anything else on the politico­ strategy and tactics, these activities include every conceivable instrument-political, astrous condition to the inspiration psychological front. The chief reason for given to these Communists because of this is that the law symbolizes enormous diplomatic, economic, psychological, cultural, and even decisive cold war possibilities. scientific, and m1litary. One cai:mot begin the visit of Khrushchev. the "Murderer A point that cannot be too often repeated to evaluate the breadth and depth of these of the Ukraine." is that by this resolution our Governn1ent activities unless his intellectual approach to has taken, for the :flrst time, official cog­ Moscow's total activity is an integralist and u "Author of Captive Nations' Week Resolu­ nizance of th.e majority of captive non­ tion Points Way To Defeat Russian Cold War Russian nations; namely, those held in bond- 10 See "Author of Captive Nations Week Strategy and Tactics," CoNGRESSIONAL REc­ Resolution a Virginian," CONGRESSIONAL ORD, Sept. 4, 1959, pp. A7753-A7755. a "N. s. Khrushchev's Report to Supreme REcoRD, Sept. 14, 1959, pp. A8121-A8123. li"An Address on the Vulnerabilities of Soviet," Embassy of the Union of Soviet So· 11 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, July 2, 1959, pp. Russian Coinmunism," CONGRESSIONAL REC• cialist Republics, Nov. 2, 1959, pp. 1-2. A576Q-A5762. ORD, Sept. 15, 1959, pp. A8253-A8255. 1040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSH January 21 Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker. will the, world. I ·am· referring to Khrushchev. famines, and yet they have ·steadfastly gentleman yield? and the other leaders, both past and refused to relinquish their national Mr. FLOOD. I yield to the distin-· present. of the SOviet Union. ideals. _ They have never given up their guished gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Mr. FLOOD. -Mr. Speaker, I am very; courage and determination to promote MADDEN] who served -with me· as my gratefuJ to the gentleman from Indiana. the cause .of . democracy, and Ukrainia chairman on the famous Katyn Massa­ I might say I have just returned from a will be recorded in the world's history­ cre Committee when we went· to Europe 27'2 -month tour of the Far East. I went books as a symbol of the struggle for and investigated the. massacre of. 5,000' to Alaska_and then visited Korea, For-­ independence and freedom. The. spirit. Polish officers by Soviet Russia. mosa. Japan, Laos. Cambodia. South of these gallant Ukrainians will stand Mr. MADDEN. Mrr Speaker, I wish to Vietnam,. Thailand-all of those great as an inspiration to· the peoples of the eommend the gentleman fxom Pennsyl­ areas. of the Pacific. I WBS. there at the world in_ their lab.ors . for jus.tice and vania [Mr. FLoonJ, a. member of the time Khrushchev visited here. This freedom. _ House Committee on Foreign A1Iairs, on Congress adjourned at 6: 21 · a.m. and at In my district I have known many the statement he has just completed re­ 6': 22' a.m. I got out of town because I Ukrainians. They have proved excellent garding the terrible, inhuman, barbarous l'mew Khrushchev was coming in at citizens and have contributed much to onslaught which the communistic Soviet, 10 a..m~ There was mu.ch said here oo the the cultural vigor of our community. leadership inflicted upon the free people e:ffect,. "Oh. you should not leave town Their devotion to our :free way of. life of Ukrainia. I endorse every statement because this guest is coming. ., I got out has enriched our_entire country. that the gentleman from Pennsylvania of .town because of the nature and On this anniversary of Ukrainian in-· narrated in reviewing the ensia.vement quality of the guest. Make no mistake dependence, it is only fitting that we of the Ukrainian people by Soviet tyr­ about why I left here 1 minute after we pay tribute to these courageous people anny. I also commend him for mention­ adJourned: and many of my colleagues: and extend to them a word or· comfort ing the visit that Khrushchev,, the tyran­ did the same thing. in their struggle for freedom and cul­ nical leader of Communist Russia. made Mr. speaker, may I add this? Can tural survival. Let us. all hope and pray to this country. He traveled throughout, you imagine the hue and cry in the press that their persistence will be rewarded, our land, using every opportunity in of this Nation, can you imagine the and they will again become a. free and public meetings, and at banquets. given riotous debate on this fioor if, when independent_people. in his honor by people of this great free Harry Truman was President, he had Mr. FLOOD. The gentleman from country, to spread his communistic: brought Khrushchev to this country and New York of course understands these propaganda. I often wonder what the then 6 months after Khrushchev had left problems~ He is of Slavic ancestry, I people back in Ukrainia, Poland. Hun­ J. Edga:r Hoover had said that the Com­ am sure. I know how his· heart bleeds, gary, Lithuania.. Rumania, and the munist Party in America was at its for any of the oppressed peoples of the· Balkan States generally think when they strongest and most eftective and danger­ middle European countries, because his observe the great free €Jovernrrnent of ous because of the Khrushchev visit? ancestors suffered through tragedies America entertaining the man that was: Can you i,magine what the press, edi~ similar to those to which we have re­ the leader of this barbarous~ inhuman. tonally and in every other way, would ferred today. massacre and instigator of genocide in. ha:ve done to the then President? And Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker. relation to millions upon millions of now a conspiracy of silence prevails and will the gentleman yield? Ukrainian people throughout. the last. 25 Mr. Hoover's statement. was buried with Mr·. FLOOD. I yield to the gentle­ to 30 years. the advertisements for patent medicines man from Nebraska. The . gentleman from Pennsylvania somewhere over on page 11. Imagine Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I, too, join in [Mr. FLooD] was a member of the Katyn that. commending the gentleman from Penn­ Forest Massacre Committee that held Mr. WIER. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ sylvania for his excellent statement. hearings not only in this country but in tleman yield? Mr. Speaker, the illusion which Europe during the 82d Congress and con­ Mr. FLOOD_ I yield to the gentleman Soviet, leaders seek to creat.e, about the tributed greatly to the success of that from . !l~esota. unity and. strength of the nations and committee. That committee held dozens Mr. WIER. I want to congratulate peoples witpin the Soviet sphere does of hearings, both here and across the the gentleman from Pennsylvania and not find a ready audience on this side· of water: heard approximately 250 wit­ associate. myself with him on the very the Iron Curtain. nesses. Every one of those witnesses, fine presentation he . has delivered here As we mark this 42d anniversary ot without exception. representing aU seg­ this afternoon for and on behalf of a the independence of Ukrainia~ there is ments of society-laborr industry,. reli­ cause, the cause of freedom !or the ample. evidence before the world to show gion, people who had · been prisoners Ukrainian people.. I think it was well that the crown rests uneasily on the of war and in slave labor camps of the done. I think it is timely, and I think it head. of those who currently rule the Soviet Union-in their testimony they should be continued from year to year Soviet bloo. The captive nations within told the story of the inhuman. barbarous until their dream is realized. On Mon­ this bloc show no willingness to embrace tyranny that the· Soviets had infiicted day next I shall make my own statement the beliefs and practices of the Com­ not only upon Ukraine, but upon other on the :floor in regard to Ukrainian inde­ munists who are in control. nations in Central Europe. pendence. ·we in America send our best wishes. to The gentleman from Pennsylvania was Mr. FLOOD. ram. glad to have this the pe.ople of Uluainia on this s.olemn a great asset in the work of that com­ contribution from the gentleman from anniversary. mittee. He devoted a long time to carry­ Minnesota. He has always spoken out GENERAL LEAVE' TO EXTEND ing out the work of the Katyn Forest on this matter, and be helps, today. Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Massacre Committee. Mr. Speaker. I Mr. DULSKI. Mr;. Speaker, will the unanimous consent that all Members wish to thank him for reserving 60 min­ gentleman yield? may have 5 days in which to extend utes today in order to remind the Mem­ Mr. FLOOD. I yield to the gentleman their remarks: on this subject. bers of Congress and the people of this from New York. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there great, free land of ours, that the Soviet Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker. today we objection· to the. request of the gentle­ Union has enslaved millions of people solemnly commemorate the 42d anni­ man from Pennsylvania? through its tyranny and aggression. We versa.ry of the declaration of Ukrainian There was no objection. also must remember that at no time have independence, and I join with my col­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. SpeRker, the people of these enslaved nations leagues· and freedom-loving people wars. are among ibe worst of human fol­ willingly submitted to the rule of the So­ everywhere in extending greetings and lies and blunders, for they bring death viet Union in spite of the propaganda of saluting these heroic people of the to miUions of innocent and helpless peo­ Khrushchev and other Soviet leaders Ukraine. ple and cause' the destruction of untold who would want the people of the world As one of the first natrons to fall un­ wealth that may never be reproduced to believe otherwise. They have been der the tyranny of. the Bolshevik 1m:. and recreated. The First World War guilty of the most. inhuman aggression perlalis,ts. the Ukrainians suffered the was' the greatest of such wars up to that and enslavement of more people than destruction of their churches. mass de­ time., It caused dea.th and injuries. and any set of tyrants in the history o.f the portations and purges. · man-made misery to millions, and tens of millions, 1960 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-. HOUSE 1041 but ironically that world holocaust, de• pathy·with their aim& and objeetives to 1 salute the. ·people of the lJkraine, for structive. and. ruinous. as it was also. ush­ attain their freedom one~ again.. We. unswenving, devotion. to. the; cause o~ ered in a new ua fan those tens of mil­ join heartily' ·im condemnation oi the. kee:dom.. lions who had been suffering under de­ &Ystem 'that has: enslaved them and the Mrs~ ClUJRCH.. Ml!. Speak~. even as tested -and desp1Bed alien. oppressors :for other unwilling Prisoners of communism the werld witnesses, and re-ioices.. today in centurieS'~ In this respect, that WSJ: behind the: Iron CUrtain. · · the birtl:J of new ·nations~ Pising -to free- brought happiness and joy ta a large With the•monal sup.port of a;ll fre:eddm'-" dom and. ·independencre, ·we cannot and number of oppressed :aationalittes. Many­ loving natioms,. it is ta be hoped then mnst not.rfonget. those peoples. w:ho., onee of them attained their freedom· and na­ comrage and their aspiration& will not free.. naw · live un:de:r tyr.annous oppres.­ tional independence as the result of that diminish ·and that their desire fer hnert~ sian. And on January· 2~ our tho'!lgJn.ts war. 'The Ukrainians were among these, will eventually be realized. and Pl!a~& · go in particular to the amd they ·proclaimed the establishment­ Mr: ROONEY. ·Mr:. Speaker, I wish to Ukraiman~ people. who· on this day -cele~ of the Ukrainian Republie en. January pay tribute to the gallant: Ukrainian pea.:. brate the 42d anni:v.ersav~ of -their 2a, l91a,., exactly 42 years ago. pie on the aecasion 0f the: 42'd anniver- eherisheci-b.Ut -los.t-independenc.e. Fcm almost aoo yeus the Ukraine had: sary of the· indepettdence of Ukraine>. · After the fall of czarist Russia,. the been submerged in the Russian eonti• Friday, Januarr22. 19.60r 'Ukraine waa one. of the :fil!s.t to. px:oolaim nent, and dmdng; Sill that time autocratic The people ot Ukraine are to be ad- he.z: independence. On Max:ch 17, 19'17. czars had done their worst to s.upp:res8 mired for their bravery,. and for thell: was established the Ukrainian Central and emdieate: what. we in the Wes.t, :re­ high ideal& and love of ueedom. The~ Council-the Rada--which assumed the. gard as) praiseworthy Ukrai:l:lian traits: have exhibited a soiidall'ity and a deter.:. leadership of & happy people. For the their desire for freedom, ihei:F- boundleSs mination to regain their liberty in their . first time in more than 100 years the love for their historic homeland, their con8tant resistance ·to Commullis.t ag- · Ukrainian people- had their own political undyiJilg yeaming; for politieal fndepencl­ gression. I express my fervent: hope that body. On July 29, 1917, the co:as.titutiml enee. and their willimgness: to: sacrifice the day fs not too far distant that the ot the Ukraine. was drafted,, and on Jan­ thew all for' the. attainment of theilr na­ people oftf:Ie Ukllaineand aU others now ua:ry 22 .. !918, the Central Rada pro­ tional goal. And on Januaey,; a2:p 1918~ under the domination of the Soviet, die- claimed the Ukrainian National Re­ when. they proclaimed their m1ilepend­ tatom wm again enj~y the freedom that public,. representing-the ihdependent and ence,. they had attained their nati-onal they so deeply desire. s.ov:ereign pow~ o! the Uk:raihian people. goal, and a} new: day, was usl:leredl in fan MF. DORN of New-York. Mr. S'pea.ker, But the fte.edom of the·tlkminian peo- them~ 42 years ag

· jugation under the. Mongols. and! the :friends, and, relatives~ abroad. _Our state­ ·.. By this .commemoration, we announce Russian czars. But that.. independen-ce ments~of eoncet:D forthei welfar .will~ I to, 'tile world, that: wer are not. deceived :was short lived~ No sooner wer.e: these am sure, help "Jthem · bear the .burden. ol by. the firie: words ~ and friendly· overtures freedom-loving people enjoying the C.ommunist tyranny. _ - _ , • of the U.S.S.R« We assez:t unequivocally fruits o~ liberty than. the Soviet Com­ In particular, we should reassure) the that we. are; quite &ware that the, peac_e munist leaders e:radic:ated any v:estige. of \!Jk:rainian people that we have not for­ for whiCh tfie:. &<>viet.• Onion ..expresses the newly won freedom. -Read the::pag,es. sakeu them; that we have never ac­ her desire. cannut ,be realize.d w1Iile that of Ukrainian histoey_ and yo.u wilt' find quies-ced to their bondage; and tnat we power heli'seli.remainsrthe "hangman'-' of that. the years following weve· filled with will contiDue to demand that every na­ the captive nations>. Then,. too, this ob­ unparalleled cruelty and. mass .extinction -tion, no matter how small, has the servance serves to state firmly that we that took millions of_Ukrainian liires. natural right of self-determination as are not deluded by the Soviet, Union's But the.fndomitable, spirit of these :free­ well as the right to live in an at­ denial of impetialisti"e designs for we dom-loving people lives on and it is this mGsphere ef freedom and justice. know. that Irving behind the Jiron Cur­ spirit that we, on the occasion of .the 42d Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, on Jaim­ tain are. millions of Ukrainians-who have independent :anniversary of Uki:aine, ary 22, 1918, just 42 years ago tomorrow, lost their independence,_ who were the seek to keep, burning. . · the people of the- Ukraine proclaimed first. to; suffe:r fliom.. the Soviet- aggression, It is for· this, reason., Mr. Speaker, that and -celebrated their independence from and wha have been and are daily sub­ I rise to pay tribute to the 42 million Russia. It is a tragic fact that this in­ jected to' the 11yranny of a government Ukrainians .that comprise the. biggest dependence was short lived, for in 1920 wJ:ieh operates. on a. single .p.ll'inciple­ captive non-Russian nation both in the ~he Red army launched a savage attack, gam power~ by any means avaifable. 'U.S.S.R. and. behind the Iron Curtain. ~aking over' the country for· the €ommu• Through ftlis observance· of the 42d amiss It is not .to ask the reason for nists. Since 1920 the Ukraine has been anniver~a,ry of tJkrainian In nations depends upon the· effec­ the passage by this Congress last July, achieved and he!d national freedom from the 9th to the 14th centuries, and tiveness of the support offered by the of ~he Captive Nations Week Resolution, again for a brief period in the 17th citizens of the free nations. we officially rec..ognized the existence: of century. We observe this day, then, for many,, captive natioRS in the U.S~S.R. itself. The enormous politicopsychological ad­ I am personally acquainted with many reasons but let us not forget that vantages ancl the le¥erage this opens up many Americans of Ukrainian descent mainly this· observation is a demonstra­ for us are the very thing Moscow fears who came to the United States to seek tion of our identification with the cause peace and freedom. Some of them are of freedom everywhere. May our· words most. here today, and our actions today and In her effort to disillusion the world, neighbors near my ranch in southwest­ Moscow claims. that the U.S.S.R. is a ern North Dakota. Many Ukrainian­ every day be proof to the people of the union of pe.ople having the. same senti­ Americans have relatives still living un­ Ukraine- that: we respect their courage ments and culture. The terms "Soviet der Communist domination. acclaim their P,erseverance and pray for nation:• "Soviet people," and "inte­ The old Russian Empire was referred their freedom ... grated Soviet might.... are gross perver­ to as the prison of nations during World Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. President, r too sions of the truth. The Soviet armed War I. A look at modern Russia, und'er wish to commend the gentleman from forces consist of. about 45 percent captive communism, indicates that the old title Pennsylvania [Mr. FLoonJ for his· state­ non-Russians. The startling reality is still fits the situation. ment. on the 42d anniversary of that the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ I am proud today to join with hun­ Ukrainian independence. · publfcs of which Premier Khrushchev is dreds of thousands who now 11ve in this The long and turbulent history of the the head is a basic empire of captive country and have become loyal Ameri­ Ukrainian people has had its ups and nations and different peoples. Our un­ can citizens, in celebrating the 42d anni­ downs, its ebbs, and flo:ws. It is full of stinted support and understanding of the versary of the Ukrainian National Re­ glorious deeds and dismal woes. Through captive non-Russian nations in the public. it all, howev:er. these. brave souls have U.S.S.R. destroys this illusion. It is- to be hoped that the day is not shown qualities and virtues that elicit It is with this in mind that I join my too far off when the Ukraine and other admiration and sympathy. Their firm distinguished colleagues and the Ameri­ countries now behind the Iron Curtain determination to pursue the goals they can people, particularly the Ukrainian­ will once again be free. have set before them, their stubborn Americans,. in greeting and honoring Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, 42 tenacity_to cling to their national tra­ freedom-inspiring Ukraine in her con.o years ago the 22d of sJanuary,, a Ukrain­ ditions,. and their unquenchable yearn­ tinuing and unabated struggle to regain ian National Council sitting in Kiev pro­ ing for. fr.e.edom., these fine. traits entitle that which is. rightfully hers·. It is· the claimed the independence of the the. Ukrainians .to> a , distinct place in sincere hope of America and the free Ukraine. . Today we obse.rve that procla­ the community of free and independent world that soon Ukraine will join the: m'&tion· although the nation formed that nationsL And today., after centurie.s of family of free- nations. day in Kiev is no longer free. The ~truggle for their national goal, and - Mr. ROOSEVELT ~ Mr. - Spe-aker~ on 'Vkraine National Republic: was- short after attafnfng it for a very brief period January 22. lt91S:-, the ."Ukrainian people lived, its existence forged into nonexist­ of 2 years, if they· ffud themselves un­ proclaimed their independence. A ,.. ence by the might of the hammer and free m theiJ:.. homeland, that is not though it was to last for 2 short years, it sickle. through any fault of theirs. Though mark·ed the only time in modern history · But still, we observe UKrainian lnde:; they number. some 42 million, by them­ that these people were given th-e opp:or• pendence Day. Of course, our observ­ selves. they could not cope with their tunity to enjoy the blessings of freedom. ance stems from our belfet in freedom: more numerous and far more ruthless Tomorrow· on the .4-2d anniversary of our violent distaste for tyranny, and ouF Communist. oppressors. Sad·as their un­ their independence the Ukrainians: stili hbhest: prayer that the .millions. of op­ enviable. rot has lreen far the past 40 years·under Communist: tyrann~ on this are not free. .Th.e Commuiiists have'~used pressed' 'Ukrainian.s behind the Iron Cur..: . every imaginable . tactic to destroy aU tain may regain that ·freedom which 42d. anniversary or their independence. vestiges o~ Ukra-inian nationalism. Con­ they have been ·so long denied. But be­ day--let. .us alL.. hope and. pray for their sequently,.there.---wilL be little opparturrlty;: sides demonstrating these facets of our freedomL · for them to celcl:Jzatedhe hap.p:y,: ac.casion. democratic philosophy, ·this obsel!Vance ,- M-r: DAmELs. Ml:. · speak~, it gives oi their indep.endence: day. _ perform& some · extremely necessary me gre9)t pleasure-to pay mbute to ·tJile Therefore, it. is essential that_ all ~unctions_ Witho.ut :sounding. callouS', :r people of Ukraine on this day, January Ameri.c.Bllls join -_with Ukraihian.-Amen,.., . would like to mention but a few of. these 22, 1960, which marks· tbe -42d ' annive~ cans in speaking for their speechless· functions. sary of Ukrainian independence. 1044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE January 21 Those brave people and .their new ;It is vitally important that we take We in the United States deeply sym- born nation were struck down by the note of that struggle, and are properly pathize with tbe Ukrainian people and Soviet forces alinost as soon as they had cautioned, in this period of what we are their attempt to lift- the Soviet yoke from proclaimed their independence. Ukraine told is a thaw in American-Soviet rela- their necks. Russia holds in thrall cap~ and several other countries which had tions. _ tive nations, all yearning to be free, and set up their own independent republics On this occasion of the 42d anniver- they should be free. It is only by the after the revolution were seized by sary of Ukrainian independence, we all pervasiveness of the Russian police state Russian military forces in 1919-20 an~ pay tribute to the persistent courage and · that they remain enslaved. This is one forcibly incorporated into the Soviet fortitude of the Ukrainian people. I join of the tragedies of the age. But the scheme. with my friends of Ukrainian d,escent and Ukrainian people have the intelligence Then began the long uphill struggle to with freedom-loving peoples everywhere, and the love of freedom which ulti­ again attain independence which is in the prayer that the aspirations of the mately will triumph, as history has rightfully theirs, a struggle which was captive Ukrainian people will some day proven again and again. seemingly hopeless during the years, a be fulfilled. The free world awaits the day when fight for freedom of the entire Ukrainian Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, it is our we can salute the Ukraine as a free and people in the subjugated area which will pnvilege as free men to honor the 42d independent sovereign nation. only end when the united independent ~ anniversary of the independence of Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, 42 years sovereign Ukrainian State is again re- Ukraine. ago the people of the Ukraine achieved established as it was in 1918-19, when Certain in the knowledge that what what we of the United States obtained the freely expressed will of the Ukrain- we say here will reach the millions of 184 years ago-independence and free­ ian people created the democratic and Ukrainians who have been enslaved by dom. Tragically, however, the prize progressive national republic. Moscow, and encourage them to look which they had sought for centuries was Ukrainia was among the first of the forward to the day of their eventual cruelly stolen from them after 2 years nations which Communist Russia, in her liberation. of cherished possession, by the Russian mad quest for power shortly after World The captive nations resolution passed Communists who even today still im­ War I, decided to annex and despite by the Congress last July was heartening, pose their oppressive domination upon mass deportation, purges, destruction of but incomplete. these freedom-loving people. her churches and industry, she resisted I believe that we should pass a stronger Nearly 40 million Ukrainians, bearing with ail her national spirit and moral resolution that will convince the Com- a proud European ancestry, are being fiber and will go down in history as an munists of our unyielding opposition to subjugated by a Russian dictatorship outstanding symbol of courage in the any recognition, implied or otherwise, of the like of which the modern world has struggle for freedom and independence. the status quo in the lands presently not seen. The Kremlin, neither know- Our hearts go out to those 40 million under Communist domination. ing nor caring about the background freedom-loving people who have and will No other people sacrificed so much in of these oppressed people is carrying continue, to resist the iron heel of com- defense of their freedom, and that fact on where the czars left off in an attempt munistic Russia until that glorious day has not been lost on Khrushchev and his to stamp out all national feelings of when Ukraine will cease to be a cap- fellow conspirators. They know th&.t these brave people-carrying on with in• tive nation and will take her place in the the Ukrainians have never capitulated in creased terrorism that tyrannical yoke. sun alongside of other freedom-loving spirit and never will. It has done all in its power to eradicate countries of the world. And so Khrushchev seeks by force and the national ideals that survived cen~ I also wish .t~ sal~te t~e many thou- blackmail and guile to have the United turies of czarist suppression, and it will sands of l!kramians m this country who states agree to a "settlement" of inter- find no greater success than its pred• have ~ne? on the fight for _freedom national problems that will ignore the ecessors. The brave Ukrainians who of their native land and hope with them sovereign rights of the captive peoples of have suffered but withstOOd the oppres­ that the day is not too far distant. when the U.S.S.R. sion of the Communists longer than any we can all cel~brate together their ab- ~ We shall never be a party to such a people will continue to keep alive within solute ~parat10n from the yoke of betrayal of the captive peoples and of themselves the spirit of independence. commumsm. · Sadly they are unable to celebrate Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, tomor- our own consCience. or even mention this day in their his- row marks the 42d anniversary of And when we speak up for the cap.tive tory because of the Communist denial Ukrainian independence. peoples, we mean not only those natiOns of free speech on the part of any peo- On January 22, 1918, in the aftermath that. were brutally conquered by C~m- pl'e dominated by them. It is altogether of the World War, the Ukrainian Repub- mumst fo:ce. and terror, bu~ the subJect fitting, therefore, that we Americans lie was proclaimed. peoples Withm ~h~ U.S.S·R:· I.tself. who share their sentiments of freedom The life of the Republic, as everyone Forty-two million Ukraima!ls hunger and independence observe this anniver- well knows, was pitifully brief. A short for freedom, as do the Russian people sary by proclaiming our recognition of 2 years later it became, and remains, a th~mselves. . . their plight and by voicing the hope captive nation.. The Ukrainian people Uneasy lie~ th~ hea~ ~ho .~ears ~he that one day they will ag~n be able to became the first victims of a menace crown of SoVIet Impenalism, knowmg live as free human beings under a gov­ which was to threaten freedom-loving that its military power and propaganda ernment in which they have a full share. peoples everywhere. and intrigues ~an never legitimize the While enjoying our own freedoms we The Ukrainian people are the largest tyranny that IS .the. enemy of every cannot be complacent and blind our­ captive non-Russian nation in the so- decent human aspiratiOn. selves to the restraint imposed by force viet. They have never forgotten their On this 42d anniversary of their Inde-. upon others who aspire to the same kind proud history of independence, nor have ~endence, we co~gratulate the Ukr~i~- of independence. Let our American they forgotten their firm aspirations for 1an people for their unconquerable spirit. compatriots of Ukrainian ancestry and freedom. Eventually, aided by the moral sup- their families and friends who are still Although some 40 years have passed port of the free world and }?Y the en- enslaved know that we are conscious of since their subjugation, they constitute co?ragement of mankind, it will pre- their predicament and that we extend a persistent source of rebellion which vall over those who presently hold them to them our heartfelt hope that they the Soviet cannot, despite gestapo in bondage. will again secure the blessings of tactics, suppress. The Soviet continues Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, it pleases liberty. to deport Ukrainians to the Asian inte- me to have this opportunity to pay trib- Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, freedom­ rior, and continues to persecute Ukrain- ute again this year to Ukrainia on the loving people everywhere will pause to­ I· ian patriots, but somehow the spirit of 42d anniversary of her independence. day to observe the 42d anniversary of the the Ukrainian people survives. This · God bless her and her good people in her independence of the Ukraine, a nation bloody record is a monument both to the continuing fight for freedom. - of 42 million people which remains cap- brutality of Soviet oppression and to the Mr. CEILER. I salute the people of tive and enslaved under communism. intensity of the Ukrainian nation's the Ukraine on the 42d anniversary of When we adopted the resolution on struggle for freedom. their independence. Captive Nations Week in July 1959, we 1960 ' CONGRESSION-AL RECORD ...... : HOUSE 1.045 struck a hard blow against communism · ·The fiag of ·azure blue and yellow gold dom-loving Ukrainians. On the 42d an­ which reverberated throughout the w-orld is unfurled all over our -land today, by niversary of their independence day, I and found ·a sympathetic chord in "the the pioneers of Ukrainian ancestry who join with my c·oneagues iri the House of hearts of many people. All of.us recall col;ltributed so much to the economy and Representatives of ·the Congress of the the violent reaction of the Soviet leaders culture of our Nation. It is a reminder United States in tribute and in pledge. to this resolution and its effectiveness in of the continuing protest· to the Ameri­ The tribute is to a great and brave peo­ molding public ·opinion. If anything, ·it can people of the enslavement of the ple, to a land rich and fertile. The showed the uneasiness of the Kremlin Ukrainian people. pledge is to these people and to this land concerning its subjugation· and domina- It is becoming a drudge on the honesty that always will the righteous. cause of tion of captive peoples and lands. of purpose of our foreign policy to accept a free and independent Ukrairie be with The Ukrainian· people is one of the the servitude of the Ukrainian people us a sacred cause. The day is not far earliest victims of Communist imperial..: without doing something to restore to removed, Mr. Speaker, when freedom ism. Despite their long captivity ex- them their historic claim of freedom as again will come to the Ukraine, and to the tending over· a period of four decades, the an independent nation in a free world. hastening of that day we give our prayers people of the Ukraine. do not consider We must, in our foreign policy, bring and rededicate our efforts. themselves as Russians or as a part of the about the dissolution of colonial domina­ In the district that I have the honor so-called Soviet nation. They will con- tion imposed by the Soviet Union over to represent are many fine men and tinue to cling to hopes of freedom and the freedom-loving captured nations of women of Ukrainian birth or descent.· independence of the Ukraine, no matter the world. There can be no permanent They are a vital part of the fabric of how long or difficult the road may be. peace among the nations of the world our district. They have made a tremen­ It remains for us in the free world to without freedom. dous co'ntribution to good and patriotic keep those hopes alive and vibrant, to The United States of America, the citizenry in our country in every city and show them our sympathetic understand- youngest of the great nations of the in every State. On an anniversary day ing of their plight, to encourage them not world, enjoying spiritual and economic that means so much to our 'fellow Ameri..; to lose faith in God and in humanity. freedom, must keep other nations free, in cans of Ukrainian birth or descent, we · on this sad anniversary, we in the order to safeguard its own existence and have an obligation to them, to ourselves, United States again declare our warm the great democratic institutions protect-· and to the cause of freedom of letting friendship for the Ukrainian people and ing its way of life. them know that never will we fail them, our solidarity with their aims and aspira- We owe it to the Ukrainian people- never will our spirits flag, or our efforts tions for the early liberation of their they must be free. cease until again the Republic of the tormented people anression. Time and again the Ukrainian to Soviet Moscow for friendship. . SilJl­ frequently · throughout the. years this, people fought :!or their independence; fiariy, the unrelenting struggle of 40 and 42 yeaxs. ago today they Delieved million Ukrainians against Russian dom­ House is called upon to observe.- the an-. they bad finally achie.ve.d -it. ination stands as pli'oof, once again, that. niversary of independence. ·or to cele­ Alas., that. f:reedom proved. tG be an too the. spirit of freedom cannot die even in brate the birthday of the Government of short. lived. In the space of a. little more those areas which have been under the some great people D.GW behind the. Iren than 2. years the Ukrainian people. Communi~~> head fo:r more than a gen-. Curtain. .~ 1960 . CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD~ HOUSE 1049 On Friday, January ·. 22, lt will be 'the pe<)ple," he said: "I feel that our coun.:. ·The Ukraine is still known as the 42d anniversary of the independence ·of try's ·chief danger lies in its own .care- -granary of Europe and it contributes Ukraine. It iS a great nation of -less heart." This great thinker w.as .more to the Soviet empire than any other 42 million· people destined 'to be free by right; we cannot a1l'ord to be careless in .country behind the Iron Curtain. Its the. Almighty, 'earnestly and ardently: de;; our heart about our freedom. . Certa:inly .agricultural production is one of the '.Siring freedom in its heart, prepared to we must have the courage, ·come ~.what :highestln the world, even though handi­ ·protect and .:foster democratic · institu­ may;to defend: it. - · capped by inefficient Soviet methods.• and tions and -:freedom of the individual, and · Let us; therefore, pledge to the people it is one ·of Europe's richest and most yet violently dragged behind the Iron ·of Ukraine, and other subject peoples highly developed industrial countries. Curtain, its millions of people "COmpelled held captive in cruel bondage, our sin,- -Its eoal and metals production amounts - to live- under·the· ·oppressive heel of a -eere sympathy for their plight. and our to. more than .80 percent of the entire ·godless-, military dictatorship. desire and intention to do everything in . Russian output. In addition, it has the · Whatever may be· said in the rugh our power to open again for them the best railway .system in the U.S.S.R.• im­ councils of state, or by those who like pa.thway to freedom and justice. portant oil wells, hydroelectric plants, smaller nations to be me'rely pawns in - Mr. MERROW. Mr. Speaker, on Jan- and is heavily industrialized. The peo­ a great international game, the plight of uary 22, 1918, 42 years ago, the Ukraini- pie of Ukraine are thrifty, hard work­ Ukraine, like that of many other nations ans established their independence. ing and highly individualistic, and they who·have had their liberties cruelly sup­ This day m:::rks a great historic ·event have kept up a long and determined re­ pressed by the Soviet, must be of greatest and although the Ukrainians were able sistance to the forced collectivism of the concern to every believer in the free way to maintain their national independence Red regime. of life~ for only a short period of time, it is fer- Ukraine has a population of over 40 This great nation, born in freedom, vently hoped that the day will come million people, and is the largest non­ consecrated time and time again by the when they will regain their freedom. It Russian country dominated by the so­ blood of its sons shed to preserve that is fitting that we pause on the 42d anni- viets. Its value and importance as a . freedom, could never under any circum­ versary of Ukrainian Independence Day · production center cannot be.overempha­ stances, acknowledge that denial of to observe this great event. sized, and the spirit of its people in their freedom to Ukraine oi" any other nation . we· extend our best wishes to the peo- continuing fight for liberty cannot be too desiring it, could be morally, ethically, pie of Ukrainia and express the hope much praised and admired. It stands as or politically justified. that the time will come when they will one of our most important and natural The power and terror of modern mis­ regain their independence. allies in the eventual destruction of So- silry may deter those who might be dis.­ Happy and rare is the lot of those na- viet imperialism. Its place as a saver,.. posed to make war. . But the Marxist tions that can enjoy their national in- eign and equal partner in the mutual . conspiracy, so long·as it operates under dependence for a -long: unbroken period construction of free Europe must be as­ the principles upon which it . is estab­ of time, and still happier are those who sured if the foundation of permanent lished, and the.program which it has set did not have to struggle against for- peace among freedom loving nations is out to follow, insures nothing but an in­ bidding odds for its attainment. The to be impregnable. definite, uneasy, restless peace. Ukrainians, one of the largest ethnic The indomitable will of the Ukrainian The theory behind this tactic is that groups in eastern Europe, .and among people to achieve national freedom still 1f it is continued long enough and per­ the :lilOst sturdy and stouthearted nght- survives in undiminished strength, de­ sistently enough, universally enough, ers for liberty and freedom, have not spite the toll of the millions of lives taken that, in time, the forces of democracy been fortunate in this respect. Cen- by the Russians in purges, mass murders, will weaken from economic inanition or turies ago they lost their national inde- and manmade famines. Its rich tradi­ sheer moral and physical collapse and pendence. They regained it in 1918, only tions and culture, centuries old, are still ieave the world to communism. This is to lose it again in 1920. alive and continuing to grow. regardless one of the tragic fallacies of Marxism. For the 42 million Ukrainians who of the attempted destruction of its re­ I could never bring myself to believe have been su1Iering under Soviet totali- ligion, science, and learning by its so­ that the human race or at least that tarian dictatorship for 40 years, and who viet rulers. portion of it committed to free institu­ still long for their freedom, the 2-year Let us do all we can to aid these valiant tions could ever fall so low in moral happy, but short, period of liberty was people in their efforts to throw off the strength and courage as to surrender the the most memorable and unforgettable scourge of the Russian regime and its great free heritage which has been re­ years in their modem history; for then attempts to force them into communism; sponsible for a .western civilization based they enjoyed their freedom in their The strength and power of their unbend­ on freedom and for history's most fab­ homeland. Today those of their kins- ing determination and passion to become ulous progress. men who are fortunate enough to live in a sovereign, free, and independent na:. Is the fiber of the American people the free world celebrate their 42d In- tion, deserves all the help and encourage­ being weakened? Is their morale being dependence Day. I am glad to join ment we can give them. undermined by propaganda, by promises Ukrainian Americans in the commemo- M.r. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, today of an easy life? I .do not believe so. I ration of this historic and memorable many hundreds of millions of people are think that .as long as this world lasts anniversary. suffering under Communist totalitarian there will be Americans-and they will Mr. WIER. Mr. Speaker, the history _dictatorship. In the Soviet Union alone constitute a great majority-who will be of the people of Ukraine is a long record · there are more than 200 million who are willing to fight and·die, if necessary, to of a determined struggle for .freedom force_d to endure the almost unbear.­ preserve the fountainhead, principles, which has won the respect and admira- able yoke of the Kremlin tyranny. And and shrines of human liberty that exist tion of liberty loving people in all parts among these unfortunate millions· the here in this great country· of ours. of the world. Ukrainians have borne the brunt of But we must be resolute; we must be After the collapse of the Russian Em- Russian communism. These brave and determined; we must be. more tough­ pire in 1917, ·these people seized their patriottc Ukrajnians have known free­ minded in our attitude than ever before. chance to form a national republic. The dom for only a very short time. during If we follow the tempting pathway of Bolsheviks in Ukraine were disarmed, the last 300-odd years of their history. appeitsement; we will be lost forever and and as a consequence of these two aets That WM during the years 1918-20. our great Nation will follow the same the Bolshevik government declared war. · Before the end of the First World War course as other great nations and ma­ They set up a puppet government in the czarist autocracy collapsed in Russia, jestic powers of world history which al­ Kharkiv .which did not in any way repre- and this startling event afforded tlie op­ lowed strength, plenty, and abundance to sent the Ukrainian people, and proceeded portunity for the Ukrainians to regain dull their morale and weaken their pur• to invade their country under the leader- .their freedom. They seized upon the oc­ pose to preserve their.government. ship of a .Russian in command of a Rus- casion and proclaimed theii" national A great:acholar wrote me re.cently and sian Army. BY. force of arms as well as jndependence on January 22, 1918. un:. I shall never forget what he said. _It is tbe activitY. of the fifth column, the peo- fortunately for the. Ukrai.nia.ilS. and for worth-repeating here. "I am not. wor... pie of Ukraine were forced to accept So.- their friends everywhere, that inde;. ried about the courage of the American viet rule. · pendence lasted for only a short time. 1050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 21 In 1920 the country was attacked by the .!J'heir love of liberty for all men has led into effect a year ago last September, a Red Army, was overrun, and the inde­ them to fight for this Nation and for serious debate on the propriety of the pendent Ukraine passed into the pages of other nations who have sought freedom. loyalty provisions has been raging among history books. Soon the country was Their fight has been continuous and un­ a large segment of our people, particular­ incorporated into the Soviet Union, and relenting. In East Germany, in the ly in the academic world. The con­ to this date it remains chained to that slave-labor camps of Siberia and central troversy, to my mind, is not so much union. Asia, Ukrainians joined other non-Rus­ with respect to the oath of allegiance as There in their homeland 42 million sian patriots in attempting to rid them­ the disclaimer requirement in the law, sturdy and stouthearted Ukrainians lead selves of the Communist yoke. Most re­ otherwise known as the negative affidavit a miserable life. Like prisoners held be­ cently Ukrainian men of the Red army requirement. Under this requirement hind the veritable Iron Curtain, they sided with the valiant Hungarians in every student applying for a ·student loan are deprived of all forms of freedom, and Budapest to write one of freedom's most must sign a statement, "that he does not cannot even celebrate their independ­ glorious chapters. believe in any organization that believes ence day. This proud land, an independent and in or teaches the illegal overthrow of the We of the free world, and in this great free state from the 9th to the 14th cen­ Government." Protests against this af- Republic, in celebrating the 42d anniver­ tury and again from the middle of the ·fidavit have been raised singly or col­ sary of that memorable event, hope and 17th century to late in the 18th century, lectively through the Association of pray for their deliverance from Com­ has writhed under the oppressor for ·American Colleges, the Association of munist totalitarian tyranny. more than 300 years. Its extensive nat­ American Universities, the American Mr. HEALEY. Mr. Speaker, 42 years ural resources have made the Ukraine Association of Land Grant Colleges and ago this week the Ukrainian people coveted by its neighbors, and its people State Universities, the American Asso­ gained their freedom by proclaiming have been forced to exploit the fertility ciation of University Professors, and the their independence for the first time of their land to feed their masters. The Association for Higher Education of the after centuries of oppression and foreign story of the Ukraine is the first chapter National Education Association. They domination. This freedom, unfortunate­ in the long history of Soviet enslave­ urge the outright repeal of the disclaim­ ly, did not last and does not exist to­ ment of free nations. er requirement. day. We commemorate this anniversary Although the requirements of a realis­ The Congress should take serious note with sadness and sympathy for the plight tic foreign policy prevent the United that six colleges refused to go into the of those millions of UkrainiaP. people States from· dispatching military forces student loan program because of the re­ who today are the victims of Commu­ to drive the Red oppressors from the quirement. They were: Princeton, Bryn nist expansion and aggression. Ukraine, we can continue to do much Mawr, Haverford, Swarthmore, Mills, It is difficult for us in the United States to remind these people that their plight and the University of Richmond. to realize what this means and to con­ is not forgotten. In so doing we can Thirteen others withdrew because of it­ ceive the sufferings the Ukrainian people hope, pray, and plan for the day when Harvard, Yale, Amherst, Radcliffe, have endured since their country was so the Ukrainian people will be free. We Antioch, Bennington, Goucher, Oberlin, brutally overrun in 1920 by the Red salute a people whose representatives St. John's, Wilmington

But what happ~ned? li:t no ,year yet . From South Carolina: within the 5-year period, and later. told have we appropriated. 'the f:ull amount We see a State becoming clearly· aware of @- ~enate subcommittee in June that: authorized: This is the· record: .: what good public library service consists, . I think i~ i~ beco~ng quite clear, although In fiscal ·19.57, the first. ,Y.e.ar of th_e how m~ch it costs, and its importance to e~cellen:t progress has been made, thai t:he program, we· appropriated only the economic as well as the cultural welfare goals are not going to be reached ·w1thin a $2,0.50.,000. of the community~ - · 5-year period. • • • You might he inter­ ested to know that the American Library In 1958, we recogniz~d how successful From Hawaii: Association is on record in favor of extension the first year was with limited funds and We .feel particularly fortunate to have the at this time. · increased the appropriation .to $5 rilil,­ help of Federal-aid funds, because they be­ lion, still -$2;500;000 !ess than the au- e;ame available at the same time. as the new The Office of Education estimates that thorization. · · · emphasis on science. by the end of fiscal 1961, when the act is due to expire, the job will be only ·. half In the next 2 years we did .better, ap­ From Oklahoma: propriating $6 million each. y~ar. done. . We will have cut the number of :put, over the 4.:year life, 9f the bill we : Interest in libraries and library services is people witl:iouf any service or with only increasing each year. Through the funds inadequate ser~ice from approxrmately have appropriated only $19,050,000, les5 available under the Library Services Act, we than two-thirds of the amount the initial have been able to show the people in Okla­ ~0 million . to approximately 40 million, bill' authorized. . homa· what good library service is. but this still means that 40 million of our citizens are denied adequate free Let us see' what we have done with Here is what the law has helped to do this money to see if it has been worth access to books. It means that hun­ spending. _The facts and figures leave no ~n some States: dreds of our schools will be handicapped doubt abou.t the. improvement of rural Utah created a new State library by the lack of a public library ih 'the libraries. . The efforts of State and local agency and appropriated funds · for its area. It ineans that millions of adults areas h~s been overwhelming .and the· support. Arizona voted its first funds will continue to be deprived of the en­ results have been most gratifying. to begin a State library; Minnesota and joyment arid the information they could Oregon achieved their first State grant­ obtain from books. · · In fiscal 1957, the first year of the ip-aid program, bringing the total num­ I also wish to point out that it is vital program's operation, 35 States . and that we pass this extension· bill during Hawaii set up plans and raised State ber of States with. grants for public and local ·funds .in order to· participate Ubraries to 22. this session, and do not wait until the How better to sum up th~ meaning of law is about to· expire. Much valuable in the program. Today 52 · States and planning and preparation time will be territories are participating. libraries and books ·than to quote from ·a 17th-century philosopher: lost if the States and local areas are kept According' to a recent Office of Educa­ up in the air as to whether the bill will tion estimate, State funds appropriated That weary listlessness which renders life unsupportable to the voluptuous and the be extended beyond June 1961. In order for ·. the improvement and extension of to preserve the continuous forward public library service to rural areas have indolent is unknown to those who can employ themselv~s by reading. movement and the continual planning increased more than, 54 percent since for the future, I feel it is necessary that 1956, and local funds have increased 45 -· I would like to be more specific and we vote to extend this bill before we percent. tell you what this law has accomplished reach the zero hour. · - Now -let us look a little closer to see in my own State of Alabama. Between We have spent a lot of time in Con­ • what has happened to help those 26 mil­ March 1, 1957, and June 30, 1959-only gress during the last few years discussing lion persons without libraries and those a little mor~ than 2. years-we were able how we can best ensure maximum edu­ 50 million · with inadequate facilities. to accomplish the following: More than cational experience for all our citizens..:.­ Let us see what iS going on in the 319 84,000 people are receiving library serv­ education for this increasingly complex rural counties where no libraries existed. ice who previously had no access to technical age, education to enable them Here are the Office of Education esti~ public libraries. More. than 462,000 are to consider national and world problems mates. Some 30 million of those 76 mil­ receiving imp:r;oved or extended service. and become intelligent citizens and vot­ lion persons have new or improved li­ With the funds from this act we have ers. It seems to me indisputable that brary services. A giant step . indeed. been able to purchase 8 new bookmobiles, this act gives us a great deal of educa­ But do not forget that much of this serv­ to hire 48 new staff personnel, to set up tion for our dollars. When we have ice is still not adequate. 7 new regional libraries and give a large spent the taxpayers' money to establish More than 1 million persons in rural grant to assist the 8th, to spend almost 161 U.S. information libraries in foreign areas now have library service for the $280,000 for books and cataloging serv­ countries, complete with bookmobiles first time. Some 63 counties formerly ices. We have also been able to estab­ and traveling bookshelves, on the phi­ without any public libraries now are lish In-service training programs and losophy that our books will help these receiving service. The act has meant workshops to train library personnel. people to establish and maintain free traveling bookmobiles, increased book In te~s of stimulating local effort, and democratic governments, should we supplies, money for salaries for increased the act has .agai:Q. been extremely suc­ not also be concerned with 40 million of staff, money for scholarships and work­ cessful in Alabama. The State appro­ our own citizens who have a similar shops to train additional staff, county priation has climbed from $116,750 in need? and regional library projects, and exten­ 1956-57 to $179,695 in 1959~60, an in­ John G. Lorenz, director of the Li­ sive loan . and reference p;rograms. crease of more . than 53 percent. One brary Services Branch of the Office of New bookmobiles have totaled more local area formerly without service has Education and himself a professional than 200 bringing books and informa­ purchased a new bookmobile on its own. librarian, said in the summer of 1958: tion to rural people in remote 'areas. All over the State new ·library build­ The most satisfying experience to me was Some 5 million books have been added ings are being planned and old ones re­ having it proved that there is this tremen­ to cultural resources of rural communi­ dous hunger for books and information. The modeled. demand for books in rural areas is much ties. The hunger for books and infor­ There seems little doubt that the act greater·than we can meet. mation by our people in rural areas has thus far has accomplished a great deaL been emphatically demonstrated by .the But do all these .facts and figures indi-, I strongly· urge the Congress to extend tremendous increases in library usage as cate that the act needs to be extended? the Library Services Act for an addi­ a result of these improved services . . Such informed organizations as the. tional 5 years, so that we can meet this need of our rural citizens. Mr. Speaker, the following are ex­ American Library Association and the Clarence Day, Jr., writing the s·tory cerpts from some State r~ports reflect­ U.S. Office of Education feel that they · of the Yale University Press, made this ing the results achieved during the first do. Miss Germaine ·Ktettek, director apt observation· of the sighificance of 3 years of the act: !)f the Washington office of the Ameri­ books:· · From Idaho: can Library Association, in appearing The world of books is the most remark.:. The attitude toward public library develop;. before ·a House subcommittee in April. of able creation of man; Nothing else that be ment is whol~some and encoJiraging. Fed:.. last year stressed that the goals of the builds ever 'lasts. Monu1nents fall, nations eral aid is a tremendous stimulant. program were not going to be reached perish, civil1z?.t ions grow old and . die out. i054 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD _- HOUSE January 21 After an era of darkness new races build ment given by me before the sub-com­ usurpers supreme with unlimited power? others but in the world of books are volumes mittee of the H-ouse Judiciary Committee Shall the Republic endure, or shall we allow that live on still as young and fresh as the on Aprill5, 1959, as follows: its destruction by the weapon customarily_ day they were written, still telling men's u_sed to this end-usurpation? (See Wash­ hearts of the hearts of men centuries dead. STATEMENT Oll' DALE ALl"'RD, MEMBER Ol' CoN­ ington's Farewell Address.) . - - GRESS, B ·EFORE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSB In the famous Dred Scott case in 1856, JUDICIARY COMMITTEE~ APRIL 15, 195g the Supreme Court declared that sympathy I respectfully wish to submit to this com­ for the slaves could not justify the Court's CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS mittee the opinion of an American citizen; saying the Constitution means something Mr. ALFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask which, I sincerely believe, represents the different from what it was originally in­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ opinion of the majority of the people of tended to mean by the framers and adopters. marks at this point in the RECORD. this country-and we, as Members of Con­ Likewise, today, the prohibition against the· gress, are concerned, or should be concerned, Federal Government's having power to con­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection with the opinion of the majority of the peo­ trol education, schools (so as to be able to to the request of the gentleman from ple of this country and no other country. decree and enfor<:9 i_ntegration) under thee Arkansas? This should be above political expediency. Constitution, as amended-,as defined ini­ There was no objection. Any so-called civil rights measure enacted by tially by the Supreme Court fn this respect­ Mr. ALFORD. Mr. Speaker, during this Congress over the laws of the respective must be upheld. All morality requires this; the 1st session of the 86th Congress I States is an absolute violation of States the moral leaders (such as cle:rgy) and ideal­ rights. The law of the land is the Constitu­ ists in general, above all others, must sup­ had the privilege and opportunity of tion of the United States, which derives its port this conclusion. Otherwise they are calling to the attention of the Congress authority from the several States. guilty of debasing the morality and Ideals that the present Supreme Court had Proposed civil rights measures violate the they profess to uphold through subscribing completely usurped the power of the peo­ ninth amendment, which I quote, as follows: in effect to the antimoral p:recept that the ple and their Congress in the unprece­ ''The enumeration in the Constitution, of end justifies the means, which spells intel­ dented decision which violated the lOth. certain rights, shall not be construed to deny lectual and moral bankruptcy. If any amendment wherein the public school or disparage others retained by the people." change be needed, as the people see 1t, they These meas~es would violate the lOth can make it-by amendment. systems of the States are reserved ex­ amendment which states that "the powers As to Federal usurpation o! power con­ clusively to the States. Neither the not delegated to the United States by the cerning the schools of a State, its govern­ Supreme Court nor any other agency of Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the ment (particularly legislature, with con­ the Federal Government has any au­ States respectively, are reserved to the States trolling power) must therefore take a firm thority under the Constitution to tell the or to the people." stand (correcting past errors accordingly) to States or the people who reside in them Any so-called civll rights measures can be proclaim that anti-Constitution decisions how they shall run their schools. · This likened to a sword with two edges, for where and orders, judicial and executive, are null same Court has arrogantly ignored the in one instance one edge serves a specific and void and will be treated accordingly. purpose, the opposite edge can be turned We must stop evasive actions and programs ninth amendment which reads as fol­ against its present wielder. . designed to get around such null and void lows: In our beloved country the people are de.cisions and orders, because these are un­ The enumeration in the Constitution of sovereign. And, make no mistake about it, necessary and confusing due to implying certain rights, shall not be construed to the people of this country-the majority, if that these decisions and orders have con­ deny or disparage others retained by the you please-will win this fight and this cru­ stitutional validity, which is not true. We people. sade to preserve their individual liberties as must make sure that any proposed remedial guaranteed them under the Constitution. amendment of the Constitution expressly Also, in the session of Congress which The opinions of members of the Supreme asserts that it is merely confirming the adjourned in September, I spoke out Court do not make the law of the land; the States' possession of (not giving anew) .. against the further · destruction of the Constitution is the law of the land. Mem­ power. already theirs un, under Government for any rights, but specifically Frankly, since this is a controversial its previous order, the House adjourned listing certain God-given rights and telling committee and its manner of operation until Monday, January 25, 1960, at 12 Government that it must not, could not, and its actions have created .controversy, o'clock noon. tamper with them. and I might say confusion, I cannot , Congress shall make no law abridging these understand why it was felt necessary to Bpecific, sacred rights of ours. push through the appropriation on a day EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ; That is the meaning of the American Con­ ETC. stitution and the Bill of Rights. when legislation was not anticipated. Under these circumstances, any effort to Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ , "All men are created equal,'' as re­ speak in opposition to the appropriation tive communications were taken from corded in the Declaration of Independ­ would have meant very little in the final the Speaker's table and referred as ence, is not materialism. It is a Chris­ outcome. follows: tian concept of equality and this con­ If a rollcall had been taken on this 1719. A letter from the Secretary of Agri­ cept is spiritual. The Christian concept matter, I would have voted against the culture, transmitting a report covering the of equality does not imply material appropriation, because I sincerely believe rural electric and rural telephone programs standardization or conformity · or the that the taxpayers' money is not being of the Rural Electrification Administration physical leveling of all mankind. put to full and fruitful use. The com..;. for the fiscal year 1959; to the Committee . That, instead, is the Communist con­ mittee's work has not resulted in sub­ on Agriculture. stantive legislative programs or propos­ 1720. A letter from the Secretary of State, cept. transmitting a draft of proposed legislation To quote further from Dan Smoot: als in the field of internal security, the entitled "A bill to amend the act of August The major threat to America today is purpose for which the committee pre­ 1, 1956, entitled 'An Act to provide certain atheistic total socialism-communism. It is sumably was created. basic authority for the Department of a denial of God for the worship o~ govern­ At a future date in this session, I shall State'"; to the Committee on Foreign Af­ ment or the state. It is the worship of all­ document the fact that the work of the fairs. :Powerful government as the manmade god committee has been in hit-and-run en­ 1721. A letter from the Acting Secretary which will solve all our problems. To the deavors which have made headlines but of the Treasury, transmitting a draft of pro­ atheist Socialist-Communist no treatment of have not resulted in concrete accom­ posed legislation entitled "A bill to validate an individual is abuse 1f it is done for the certain payments of additional pay for sea cause. Murder, double-dealing, and lying are plishments. The abortive foray into duty made to members and former mem­ all justified if the s-ocialist-Communist cause California is one of the latest examples. bers of the U.S. Coast Guard"; to the Com:. is exalted. The individual is nothing; the I shall also show, as I attempted to do mittee on the Judiciary. state is everything. last session, that other agencies of Gov­ 1722. A letter from the clerk, U.S. Court ernment are more effective in handling of Claims, transmitting certified copies of The so-called cold war between the matters involving our internal security, the court's opinion in the case of B Amuse­ U.S.S.R. and the United States of without fanfare. ment Company, et al. v. The United States America is not just a rivalry between two (Congressional No. 1-54), pursuant to sec­ nations. It is a confiict between two tions 1492 and 2509 of title 28, United States opposing ideologies, of two irreconcilable SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Code, and House Resolution 475, 83d Con­ faiths. The present Socialist-Commu­ gress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. nist cause is more than ideology. It is By unanimous consent, permission to 1723. A letter from the clerk, U.S. Court address the House, following the legisla­ of Claims, transmitting certified copies of a conspiracy that can neither be ap­ the court's opinion in the case of Edward, peased nor contained, because it must tive program and any special orders heretofore entered, was granted to: Gordon, Morton Gordon, John J. Dahill, conquer to survive. All Communist talk Esteban Melendez, Jean Garcia, Marie about peaceful coexistence and social Mr. MEADER, for 60 minutes, on Mon· Flynn, Carmen Rodriguez, and 62 Lenox and material equality is a lie designed day, next. Ave., Incorporated v. The United States to · confuse and disarm and conquer. Mr. KARTH (at the request of Mr. (Congressional No. 9-55), pursuant to sec­ The in,ternational conspiracy knows MADDEN), for 1 hour, on Wednesday tions 1492 and 2509 of title 28, United next. States Code, and House Resolution 273, 84th that peaceful coexistence and physical Congress; to the Committee on the Judi­ equality are not possible. The Commu­ Mr. PowELL (at the request of Mr. ciary. MADDEN), for 30 minutes each on Tues­ nists will use any method of approach to 17~4 .. A letter from the Acting Secretary divide us and to conquer and bury us. day and Wednesday of next week. of the Treasury, transmitting a draft of pro­ This great battle for freedom in which posed legislation entitled "A bill to simplify the admeasurement of small vessels, and for we are engaged is a battle for the hearts EXTENSION OF REMARKS and minds and souls of men. We can other purposes"; to the Committee on Mer­ win, but only if the flame of faith burns By unanimous consent, permission to chant Marine and Fisheries. in our hearts and minds greater than in extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL the beastly breasts of our enemies. Evo­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON lution, not revolution, will preserve good was granted to: will and understanding between us. Mr. LEVERING and" to include extrane• PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Constitutional government and not puni­ ousmatter. Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of tive legislation is the answer. Mr. MARTIN. committees were delivered to the Clerk 1056 CONGRE5SIONAI: RECORD _-- HOUSE January -21' for printing and reference to"the proper underStanding-the Engllsh' language t~e par­ ployees Salary Act-of 1948 to prol'ide special ents of those members of the Armed Forces rates of postage for the transmission in the. calendar, as follows: ' . "' or' the ·united ·statea who lost or lose their mails of certain official school records of stu­ Mr. JONES of 'Missouri:: Committee on lives 1n the al'med services of the United dents;. to the Comlntttee on' Post omce and House Administration. · House Resolution States during·World War I, World War II, or_ Ci:vil Sex:vJ-qe. , _ 407. Resolution providing for printing ad- dilrlng JLny ·subsequent war br ·period of: By Mr. HERLONG: ditional copies of the hearings entitled "Re-· armed hostilities in which the United States -H.R:.9818. A '.blll to provide for the convey­ port on Russia by Vice Adm. ~yman G. _ m,ay ' be engaged; to the Co!!!mittee on t~e ance of certain real property of the United Rickover, U.S. Navy"; with amendment Judiciary. States to ·the State of Florida; to the Com­ (Rept. No. 1212). Ordered to be, printed.: . H.R. 9806. A bill to amend section 312 of.· mittee on Agriculture. Mr. JONES of Missouri: · Committee \)n the Immigration and Nationality Act so as. By Mr. INOUYE: ·House Administration. House Resolution . to exempt certain additional persons from · H.R. 9819. A bill relating to the income­ 408. Resolution providing for printing addi- · the requirements relatin-g to understanding­ tax treatment -of cost-of-living allowances tiona! copies of the hearings entitled "Re- the English language; to 'the Committee on received by cer.tain caretakers and clerks em­ port on the International Geophysical. Year the Judiciary. . . ployed · by· the Natibnal Guard. outside the (February 1959) "; with amei_?.dme~t (Rept. H.R. 9807. A bill to amend title U of the continental United· States, or in Hawaii; to­ No. 1213). Ordered to be printed. Social Security Act to provide that an indi- the Committee on Ways and: Mea.ns. Mr. JONES of Missouri: Committee on . vidual rated permanently and totally dis­ By Mr. KEOGH: House Administration. House Concurrent abled by the Veterans' Administration shall. H.R. 9820. A blll to extend for an addi­ Resolution 449. Concurrent resolution to 'Qe conclusively deemed to be under a dis­ tional 3 years the period during which cer-· print as a · House documei+t the publication ability for social security purposes; to the tain tanning extracts, including certain ex­ "Facts on Communism-Volume 1, The Com- Committee on Ways and Means. tracts, decoctions, and preparations which munist Ideology" and to provide for the - By Mr. CELLER: (irrespective of their chief use) are suitable printing of additional copies; with amend-. · H .R. 9808. A bill to prohibit agencies of the for use for· tanning, may be imported free of· ment (Rept. No. 1214). _ Ordered to be United States from imposing con~actual pro­ duty; to the Committee on Ways and Means; printed. visions boycotting vessels trading With Israel; . By Mr. VAN PELT: Mr. JONES -of Missouri: Committee on to the Committee on Merchant Marine and H.R. 9821. A bill to extend for an addi· House Administration. House Concurrent Fisheries. tional 3 years the period during. which cer­ Resolution 457. Concurrent resolution to By Mr. COLLIER: tain tanning extracts, including certain ex-. authorize printing as a House document a H.R. 9809. A bill to amend the Federal Fire- tracts, decoctions, and preparations Which publication relating to the nomination arms Act to make it unlawful to transport. (irrespective of their chief use) are suitable and election of President and Vice Pres- in interstate or foreign commerce any fire-. for use for tanning, may be imported free of ident, including the maJJ.ner of selectlJJ.g arm which is intended to be used in a crime duty; to the Committee on Ways and Means: delegates to national political convention~; of violence; to the Committee on Ways and By. Mr. KING of California: without amendment (Rept. No. 1215). Or- Means. H.R. 9822. A bill to amend title n · of the dered to be printed. - H.R. 9810. A bill to amend the Internal Social Security Act to permit reduced bene­ Mr. ZABLOCKI: Committee on Foreign Af- Revenue Code of 19&4 .to provide funds foe fi:ts thereunder (when based upon the attain­ fairs. s. 2130; An act t.o authorize a educational purposes by providing increased ment of retirement age) to be paid to men at payment to the Government of Japan; with- incen_tives for private giving thx:ough the age 62, to permit full .benefits thereunder out amendment (Rept. No. 1216). Referred allowance of a tax credit for charitable con­ (when based upon attainment of retirement to the Committee of the Whole House on the tributions to institutions of higher learning; age) to be paid to- women at age 62 and State of the Union. to the Committee on Ways and Means. reduced benefits to be paid to women at age Mr. ::MILI..B: Committee on Ways and By Mr. ELLIOTT: 60, to eliminate the limitation with respect Means. H.R. 9660. A bill to ·amend section· H.R. 9811. A b111 to authorize the establish- to the amount which individuals may earn 6659(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of ment of a national showcase of the arts and while receiving benefits under such title, 1954 with respect to the procedure for assess- sciences in the District of Columbia to en-' and ·to eliminate the requirement 'that an ing certain additions to tax; without amend- courage young Am.erican artistl3 and scien­ individual must have attained. ·age 50 tn ment (Rept. No. 1217). Referred to the tists; to authorize the holding of an Inter-, order ~ be eligible for disability benefits Committee of the Whole House on the State national Olympiad of the Arts and Sciences under such title; to the Committee on Wa.ya of the Union. · · on a biennial basis iii the District of Colum- and Means. . . · bia and thus to enhance the prospects of ~ H.R. 9823. A blll to provide a special ta:r: durable peace, and for other purposes; to the credit against social security taxes -tq em­ PUBLIC BILLS· AND RESOLUTIONS Committee on Education and Labor. ployers who employ indiVIduals who are 45. · H.R. 9812. A blll to amend the Library years of age or over; to the Committee on Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Services Act in order to extend for 5 years the Ways and .Means. bills and resolutions were introduced and authorization for a.ppr~,>priations, and for By Mr. KOWALSKI: severally referred as follows; · other purposes; to the Committee on Educa­ H.R. 9824. A bill to amend title 38, United. By Mr. BARING: tion and Labor. States Oode; to provide for the payment of H.R. 9801. A b1ll ta amend the Fair Labor By Mr. F.ARBSTEIN: pensions to. v~erans p.f World War I; to the Standards Act of 1938 to increase to 40 cents H.R. 9813. A bill to amend title n of the Committee on Veterans' Mairs. per hour the minimum wage applicable to Social Security Act to provide benefits under By Mr. MEYER: blind workers and to provide for periodic the Federal old-age, survivors, and disabllity H.R. 9825. A blll to assist 1n the promotion increases beginning January 1, 1961; to the· insurance program for needy individuals who of economic s~billzation, by requi:ring the. Committee on Education and Labor. are 70 years of age ·or over and are not other­ disclosure of finance_ charges in connection H.R. 9802. A bill to prohibit the Secretary wise entitled to benefits under such title; to With extensions of credit; to the Committee of Commerce from approving plans, specifi­ the ·committee on Ways and Means. 9n Banking and Currency. · · cations, and estimates for a specified portion H.R. 9814. A bill to amend title I of the By Mr. CLEM MILLER: of a route on the Interstate System in Ne­ Housing Act of 1949 to require that any rental · H.R. ~82~. A bill to ·amend section 204(d)' vada, and to prohibit further obligation or or cooperative housing constructed 1n the of the Postal Rate Revision and Federal Em­ expenditure of Federal funds in connection. redevelopment of an urban renewal area shall ployees .Salary Aet of 1948 ·to provide special with such route; .to the Committee on Public be designed for middle income groups; to the rates bf postage .for the transmission in the Works. Committee on Banking and Currency. 1 mails of certatn official sc]lool records of By Mr. BENNETT of Florida: . ·H.R-. 9815. A bill to a.nlend title n of the students; to the Oomm.ittee on Post omce H.R. 9803. A bUl relating to the employ­ Social Security. Act,to provlde _ben~fits under . and Civil Serviee. ment of retired commissioned omcers by con..: the Federal old-age, survivors, and disap1lity · H.R. 9827. A b111 authorizing the improve­ tractors of -the -Department of Defense and insUrance· program for needy individuals over ment of Noyo River and Harbor, Cali!., ln the Armed Forces, and for other pur,Poses~ j-etirement age who are not .otherwise en~ the interest of navigation, ancl .for other pur­ to the Committee on Armed ·services• . titled to benefits under such title; to the poses; to the Committee on Public W.or.ks. By Mr. B'URDICK: . Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. MONAGAN: H.R. 9804. A blll to include the holders of By Mr. FOLEY; H.R. 9828. A bill to ·require an act of Con­ star route and certain· other contracts for H.R.·9816. A bill to establish a Federal gress f'or public land withdrawals fn. excess the carrying of' mail under the- provisions of Recrea'tion Service ·tn the' Department of of 5,000 acr~ in the aggregate for :any project. the Civil Service Retirement Aet; to the Hea1t'b, Education. and Welfare, and for or facility of any department or agency of. Committee o.n Post Ofli~e a~d ,Pivil Service. pib.er purposes; to the Committee ~n Educa-­ the Government; to the Committee on Inte- .. By Mr. BURKE qf ~as{lacnusetts: . tion and Labor. rior and .Insula,r Affairs. · · · H.R. 9805. A blll to amend' section 812 ot By Mrs. GREEN o! Oregon: _ . . H.R.,9829. A blll to provide for equaltzlng tlie Immlgmtloli tS.nd Natfo:Iiallty :.a.et -!!0 JiS H.R.. 9817 .. A . bill to amend section.. 204 (.d) the condltioll$· of competition between do­ t? ~xe~pt Jrom th? _re_quir~me:qt::;. ~t:l~t_i~g - tQ of tlie POstal Rl\te :Revision and Federai Em- ~estic tn~ustries and ro~lgn .in~ust~ies with 1960. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-==- HOUSE 1057

·respect to the level of wages· .and · W'.orkb:ig · :.By Mr ~ GALLAGHE:a! and formulate plans for the construction ln ..conditions in.. the. production.of _arttcles im• H.J. Res. 566. Joint resqlutioJi authorizing ·th'e DIStrict of Columbia .of an appropriate ported into the United States; . to the. Cozw. th:e President· tb:: lssue B.."l>roclama.'tion desig­ 1)el'm.anent memorial to the memory of mittee on Ways and Means. _.nating January.22 of eacll ·ye.ar as .UlQ.:aintan .Woodrow W1Ison; to the Committee on By Mr;' MOULDER: ~ . !lndepettd.ence..Day; to th~ Committee on the House Administration. H.R. 9830. A ·bill to-require-an act of Con:. .Judiciary-. , By Mr. RODINO: . . gress for public land withdrawals in excesa By Mr. SISK-: ~ , .. _: H.J. Res. 578. Joint resolution authorizing o! .5,000 acres 1n the aggregate for any proJect H.J. Res. 567. Joint resolution to effect 1m.~ the creation· of a comm~sslon to consl(ler or facllity of any departrp.ent pr agen~y ot mediately the : transfer of· the . D~velopment and· formulate plans for the CQ:Q.structlon in the Government; to .the .Committee on Inte­ Operations ·Divlsl.on of_ the . Army Ball1stlc .the District of Columbia of an approprla~ rior and Insular A1fa.lrs. ·Missile Agency ::to the NatlonQ-1 . Aeronaut!~ permanent memorial to _ the me~ory Of By Mr. O'NEILL: :and Space Administration; to the Commit-:­ Woodrow Wilson; to the Committee o~ H.R. 9831. A bill to .!Ullend the B~kruptcy .tee pn. Scie;Q,<;e and A$trpnautics• House Administration. - .Act to increase the amount of wages entitled By Mr. ABBITT: . _ By· Mr: SMITH of Mississippi: to priority to $1,800 and to provide·tl:fat·pen• H.J. Res. 568. Jptnt resolutloz;t a:uth_orlzing , H.J. Res. 579. Joint resolution authorizing slon and welfare be~efi ts earned by an em.• .the. creation of a comglii)Sion.to ~op.sider -and the creation: of a commission to consider ·ployee shall have the-same pri01·1ty as d.irect ;formulate plans for the construction in the -a.nd formulate pl~Il$ for t}le construction il). wages; to th_e Committee on the Judiciary. District of Columbia of an appropriate per­ the District· of Columbia of an approprla~ By Mr. OSTERTAG: manent memoria_l to .the -~emory of Wood· permanent memqrlal to the .- memory -of H.R. 9832: A blll to provide for adjusting row Wilson; to the Committee on House Woodrow· Wilson; to the committee on conditions of competltio~ between cert~ln Administration. . · House Administration. - · · · domestic industries· and·. foreign mdustries ·By· Ml'~ ADDONIZIO.: . . By Mr. THOMPSON of New' J~f!Jey: ~ With respect to the level Of wages and work~ JI,J, ~es. 569. J(!il'!t resolutio:n authorizing - JJ.J. Res; 580. Jqint r~s.olutlon authorizing ing condlMons in tlle ·production· of ~ti~tes the ereation of a commission to consider and the creation of a commission to consider an4 imported into the United States; to the Com­ 1ormul_a1;e plans f9r_ the construction i~ the formulate plans for the construction in the mittee on Wa.ys and Means. District of Columbia of an appropriate per­ District of Columbia of at:J. ~pproprlate per• By Mr.' PELLY: . manent memorial to. the-memory of -WOOd:. manent memorial to the memo~y ~of Wood• H.R·. 9833. A blll to amend title V of th.-, :row Wllsen; to the Committee on Hotise -Ad- row Wilson; to the Committee on House Ad- Merchant Marine· Act, 1936, in order to re·­ .mlnistratlon. . · .. . · ministration. · · · move certain. limitations on the· construction dllferential subsidy. under such title; ·to the By Mr. CANFIELD.: ByMr.WALLHAUSER: . . , Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ ~ H.J. Res. 570. Joint resolution authorizing H.J. Res. 581. :Joint-resolution a:uthprlzlng eries. · · the-creation of a commission to' consider and .the creatlon of a coii).Illiss~on . t<;> c~ider formulate plans for the .construction in the .and formulate-plans for the construction in By Mr. ROBERTS: .District of Columbia. of an appropriate per­ .the District of Columbia· of an appropriate H.R. 9834. A bilJ to provide increa.Sed. re· manent memorial to the memory of Wood-:­ p~rl}lanent I;llemoriJl,l- tc:> · the memory of tired pay for certain membe~ of the uni­ formed services ·retired before June 1, 1958'; row Wilson;. to the Committee on House Ad­ Woodrow Wilson; to the Committee o~ ,to the Committee on.Armed.Services. ·ministration. · House Adminlstr~tlon. -· By Mr. RU'I"HE:R.FORD: . . . . - BY Mr. CAHILL! ~ · By Mr. WIDNALL: . · H.R. 9835. A · lSffi ·to amend the Internal H.J. Res. 5.71. Joint rf:lsolutlon ·authorizing H.J. Res. 582. Joint resolution authorizing Revenue - Code.-of 1954 . to permit certain the creatlon .of a commission to consider .a.nd _the creation o:r: a commission to consider an<~ farmers to make an election with respect to ·formulate plans for the 'constru9tion in th~ formulate plans for: the construction ln th~ the taxable year in which income from the pistrict of Columbia of an appropriate per­ District of Columbia of ari appropriate per~ price support program. for upland.cotton wil1 manent memorial to the memory ot .wood­ manent memorial tq ·the memory of Wood• be included in their gross income; to the row Wilson; to the Committee on House Ad­ row Wilson; to·the Committee on House A'd· Committee on Ways and Means. ministration. ministration. . : · · · By Mr. SHIPLEY: : By Mr. DANIELS: By Mr. MOORE: . H.R. 9836. A blll to amend title 38, United · H.J. Res. 572 ~ Joint resolution authorizing : ..H. Con. Res. 464. Concurrent resolution 'States Code, to provide pensionS, and war­ the creation of a ·commJsslon to consider and that it is the sense ·of Congress that the 'time rates or- disability or death ·compensa­ formulate plans for the construction in the United States should ~ot grant fu:r:ther tariff tion,. in. .the case of veterans o! Mexican Dtstrict 'Of Columbia of ari appropriate per~ reductions in the- fort:Q.com~ng · t~rllf nego­ border service in 1916 or 1917; to the Com­ manent Woodrow Wilson Memorial _to the ·tiatlons, and for other purposes; to the Com­ mittee on Veterans' Affairs. memo:~:y of Wc;><>drow Wilson; tO the Com- mittee o:n ,Ways anq Means. By Mr. SMITH; of Mississippi: _ ril.lttee on House-Admip.istratlop.. · . - ~ _ By Mr. Q'HARA :of Ulinois: · . H.R. 9837. A blll ~ further modify the ' By Mr. DOWNING: ' : H. Con. Res. 465. Concurrent resolution lower Mississippi River flood control and 1m"! H.J. Res. 573. Joint resolution authorizing expressing the: indignation of. Congt:ess at provement project, originally adopted· May the creation -ot. a commiSsion to co:ri.Slder .the recent desecrations .of P.~use~,i of worship 15, 1928; to the--committee on Public Works'. and formulate plans for tJ;le. const~uctlorl ' ~md other sac:red ·sites; to the Committee on . J3y }41' •..STAGGERS: . . . _. in th~ :Qlstrlc~ of Columbia of an app_~o­ Foreign ~airs. .H.R. 9838. A blll to' amend the Interstate. priate permanent memorial to the memory By Mr_MORGAN: . Conu'nerce - Act, - as amended ~ - - so -as to of Woodrow Wilson; to the Committee oii H. Con. Res. 466. Concurrent resolution strengthen and ~mpr<;>ve the n.atl_op.al _trans~ House Administration. expressing the indignation of Congress at the pqrta~lot:J. system, insure the protection. .of By Mr. FRELiNGHUYSEN-: reeent desecrations of houses of worship and the public interest, -and for other purposes; H.J. Res. 574. Joint resolution authorizing pther sacred · sites; to the Committee on to the Committee ·on Interstate and Foreign the creation of a . cozrimlssion. to consider Foreign Affairs. - Commerce. · and formUlate p~ans for-the construction ·in By Mr.. CARNAHAN: By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: the District of Columbia of an appropriate H. Con. Res. 467. Concurrent resolution H.R: 9839. A blll to provide additional permanent memorial ·to the . memory of expressing the indignation of . Congress at punishment for corporate officers : violating Woodrow Wilson; · to· the- Committee ott the recent desecrations of houses of worship the antitrust laws, and to provide that such House Administration. and other sacred sites; to the Committee on officers niay be barred for not more thari 1 By .Mr. GLENN: __ Foreign Affairs. year from serving in such corporate capacity;' · · H.J. Res. 575. Joint resolution authorizing By Mr. HAYS: to the Committee on the Judiciary. tlie creation of a commission! to consider H. Con. Res. 468. Concurrent resolution ex. By Mr. TRIMBLE: . and formulate plans for the construction lri pressing the indignation of Congress at the · H.R. 9B4o: A bUT to promote greater equity the District of Columbia of an appropriate recent desecrations of houses.of worship and in the administration of the pay systems ot permanent memorial to the memory of other sacred sites; to the Committee on For• employees in the Veterans' Administration Woodrow Wilson; to the Committee on elgn A1falrs. under prevailhig rate schedules by providing Kouse Administration. - By Mr. SELDEN: for certain adjustments in th~ compensation By Mr. HARRISON: H. Con. Res. 469. Concurrent resolution ex• of such employees; to the Committee on H.J. Res. 576. Joint resolution authorizing pressing the indignation of Congress at the Post Office and Ci vll Service; · · · the creation- of a commission to consider recent desecrations of houses .of worship .and By Mr~ VAN ZANDT: and formulate plans for the construction -in other sacred sites; to the Committee on For• . H.R. 9841. A ·bill' tp provide for adjusting the District· of Columbia of an appropriate elgn A1fairs. conditions of competition between · certain permaneht · memorial · to the memory :of . By Mr. Pn..CHER-: _domestic industries and foreign industries Woodrow Wilson: to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 470. Concurrent resolution ex• w1 th I:~ spec;:'!; to _'l!!;le_ lev~J of wages ~d th& House Admlnistratlon~ - - pressing the indignation of Congress at the working conditio~ in the prod'ijction o( By Mr. OSMERS: - recent desecrations of houses of worship .and articles ~tmported into the United-States; to . H.J. Res. 5'17. Joint·resolutlon authorizing other sacred sltes; to the Committee on For~ the 9om.mittee on Ways and Means. the creation 9f a commission to_ cons1de~ e~gn Affairs. CVI-67 1058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 21 .By Mr. FOUNTAIN: _ and other sacred sites; to the Committee on. ties of the .Joint Committee on Defense Pro­ H. Con. Res. 471. Concurrent resolution' ex• Foreign. Affairs. duction"; to. the Committee on House Ad­ pressing th'e ~ ndignation of· eongre.ss· at the . ;By Mr. CURTIS of Massach'\lsetts: ministration• recent desecrations of-houses of worship .and H. Con. Res •.: 486. Concurrent resolution other sacred sites; to the Conunittee on For­ expressing the indignation of Congress at the eign Affairs. recent desecrations of houses of w.orship MEMORIALS By Mr. FASCELL: and other sacred s~te5;' to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 472. Concurrent resolution ex­ Foreign Affairs. Under clause 4 of rule.XXII, and re­ pressing the indignatlon ~f Congress at the . By Mr. WAINWRIGHT: ferred as follows: recent desecrations of houses of worship and H. Con. Res. 487. Concurrent resolution The SPEAKER presented a memorial of the other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ expressing the indignation of.Congress at the territory of American Samoa memorializing eign Affairs. recent desecrations of houses of worship and the, President and the Congress of the United By ·Mr. COFFIN: other sacred sites; to the Committee on States to enact organic legisiation establish­ H. Con. Res: 473 , Concurrent resolution ex­ Foreign Affairs. · ing_a civil government for the territory of pressing the indignation of Congress at the By Mr; ROOSEVELT: American Samoa, which was referred ·to the ·recent desecrations of houses·of worship and H. Con. Res. 488. Concurrent resolution Committee on Interior and Ins·ular . Affairs. ·other sacred sites; to the Committee on Fot­ expressing the indignation ot Congress at eign Affairs .. the recent ·desecrations of houses of worship By fl4r. FARBSTEIN: and other sacred sites;: to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 474. Concurrent resolution ex­ Foreign· Affairs. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS pressing the indignation of Congress at the By Mr. DADDARIO: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private recent desecrations of houses of worship and H. Con. Res. 489. Concurrent resolution ex­ bills and resolutions were intr.oduced and other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ pressing the indignation of Congress at ~he severally referred as follows: eign Affairs. recent desecrations of houses of worship and . ByMr.SAUND: other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ By Mr. GIAIMO: H. Con. Res. 475. Concurrent resolution ex­ eign Affairs. H.R. 9842. A b111 for the relief of Benedetto t>ressing the indignation of Congress at the By Mr. MADDEN: Mariani and Annunziata Mariani; to the recent desecrations of houses of worship and H. Con. Res. 490. Concurrent resolution ex­ Committee on the Judiciary. · other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ pressing the indignation of Congress at the By Mr. HERLONG: eign Affairs. recent desecrations 'of houses of worship and H.R. 9843. A blll for the relief of Jonathan By Mr. BECKWORTH: other 'sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ Barnes and his sister, Caroline Barnes; to the H. Con. Res; 476. Concurrent resolution Committee on the Judiciary. eign A:ffa~rs. By Mr. LIBONATI: expressing the indignation of Congress at By Mr. JUDD: the recent desecrations of houses of worship H.R. 9844. A bill for the relief of John Gel­ · H. Con. Res. 491. Concurrent resolution ex­ bert (alias Max Theodore Gelbert); to the and other sacred sites; to the Committee on 'pressing 'the indignation of Congress at the Foreign Affairs. Committee on the Judiciary. · recent desecrations· of houses of worship and By Mr. LINDSAY: By Mr. McDOWELL: other sacred ·sites; to the Committee on For- H. Con. · Res. 477. Concurrent resolution H.R. 9845. A bill for the relief of Istvan eign Affairs. · Zsoldos; to.the Committee on the Judiciary. expressing the indignation of Congress at the By Mr. FLOOD: recent desecrations of houses of worship and · By Mr. MOORE: H. Con. Res. 492. Concurrent resolution ex­ H.R. 9846. A b111 for the relief of Mrs. Edna other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ pressing the indignation of Congress at the eign Affairs. Satterfield; to the ·committee on the Judi­ recent desecrations of houses of worship and ciary. By Mr. MURPHY: other sacred sites; to the Committee on For- · H.R. 9847 .. A bill for the relief Of Dwylia H. Con. Res. 478. Concurrent resolution eign Affairs. . . . McCreight and John T. McCreight, Jr.; to the expressing the indignation of Congress at By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: the recent (lesecrations of houses of worship Committee on the Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 493. Concurrent resolution ex­ By Mr. PELLY: and other sacred sites; to the Committee on pressing the indignation of 'congress at the H.R. 9848. A bill for the relief of Reoko Foreign Affairs. · recerit desecrations of houses of worship and . By Mr. MEYER: Kawaguchi Moore; to the Committee on the other sacred sites; to the Committee on For­ Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 479. Concurrent resolution eign Affairs. expressing the indignati9n of Congress at H.R. 9849. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Tui the recent ·desecrations of houses of worship By Mr. LmONATI: Hing Tow Woo; .to the Committee on the and other sacred sites; to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 494. Concurrent resolution ex­ Judiciary. · Foreign Affairs. p~essing the indignation of Congress -at the By Mr. PHILBIN: By Mr. CHIPERFIELD: · recent desecrations of houses of worship and H.R. 9850. A bill for the relief of Allen H. Con. Res. 480. Concurrent resolution other sacred sites; to the COmmittee on For­ Pope, his heirs or personal representatives; expressing the indignation of Congress at eign Affairs. to the Committee on the Judiciary. the recent desecrations of houses of worship By Mr. GALLAGHER: By Mr. PUCINSKI: and other sacred sites; to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 495. Concurrent resolution ex­ H.R. 9851. A bili for . the relief of Helena Foreign Affairs. pressing the indignation of Congress at the Farbotko; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mrs. BOLTON: recent desecrations of houses of worship and ciary. H. Con. Res. 481. Concurrent resolution other sacred sites; to the Committee on For- By Mr. RUTHERFORD: expressing the indignation of · Congress at eign Affairs. · H.R. 9852. A bill for the relief of Gabriel the recent desecrations of houses of worship By Mr. MACK of Illinois: Ayub; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and other sacred sites; to the Committe.e on H. Con. Res. 496. CQncurrent resolution ex­ . By Mr. SHELLEY: Foreign Affairs. pressing the indignation of COngress at the H.R. 9853. A bill for the relief of Bienve­ By Mr. FULTON: recent desecrations of houses of worship and nido Vlctorio Sison; to the Committee on the H . Con. Res. 482. Concurrent resolution other sacred sites; to the Committee on Judiciary. expressing the indignation of Congress at Foreign Aff.!Lirs. By Mr. SHIPLEY: the recent desecrations of houses <;>f worship By Mr. MERROW: H.R. 9854. A bill for the relief of Raymond and other sacred sites; to the Committee on H. Con. Res. 497. COncurrent resolution ex­ Thomason, Jr.; to the Committee on the Foreign Affairs. pressing the indignation of Congress at Judiciary. · By Mrs. CHURCH: ~he recent desecr~tions of houses of worship By Mr. STEED: H. Con. Res. 483. Concurrent resolution and other sacred sites; to the Committee on H.R. 9855. A bill for the relief of Chien­ expressing the indignation of Congress at Foreign Affairs. . Min Wu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the recent desecrations of houses of wor­ By Mr. LINDSAY: By Mr. TOLLEFSON: ship and other sacred sites; to the Commit- H. Con. Res. 498. COncurrent resolution ex­ . H.~. 9.856. A bill for the relief 9f· Sp4c Ad­ tee on Foreign Affairs.· · pressing the concern and disapproval of riano P. Principe; to the ·COmmittee on the By Mr. ADAIR: Congress at the recent desecration of places Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 484. · Concurrent resolution of worship; to the Committee on Foreign By Mr. ZABLOCKI: expressing the indignation of Congress at Affairs. H.R. 9857. A bill for the relief of Sister the recent desecratiol\s of houses of wor­ By Mr. BROWN of Georgia: Myriam (Marta Kr.eyzowska); to the Com­ ship and other sacred sites; to the Commit­ H. Res. 428. Resolution that there be mittee on the Judiciary. tee on Foreign Affairs. pl'inted for the use of the Joint Committee H.R. 9858. A bill for the relief of Rose­ . , By Mr. :J3ENTLEY: on De!ense Production, U.S. Congress, upon ~ary .B. Patmour; to th.e Committee on the H. Con. Res. 485. Concurrent resolution requisition of· the chairman thereof, not to Judiciary. expressing the indignation of Congress at exceed 1,000 additional copies of the report H.R. 98!)9. A bill for the relief of Hong Do the recent desecrations of houses of .worship entitled "Ninth Annual Report of the Activi- Sun; to t he Oo·mmittee on the Judiciary. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1059 PETITIONS, :ETC. 'five to requestirig favorable consideration of to the Nation; to the Committee on Inter­ H.R. 1354, a bill designed to restore standard state and Foreign Commerce. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions time to the Nation; . to the Committee on 319. Also, petition of the chairman, execu­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tive committee, Socialist Party, Social Dem­ and referred as follows: 318. Also, petition of Thomas F. Coleman, ocratic Federation of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Rexville, N.Y., and others, relative to re­ Wis., relative to public ownership of the rail· 317. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Charles questing favorable consideration of H.R. roads; to the Committee on Interstate and Burns, Martinsville, Ind.; and others, rela· . 1354, a blll designed to restore standard time Foreign Commerce.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Year in Which We Choose have a choice in determining the ·basic poli­ bargaining. They can only be settled on the cies of our Government. But partisanship basis of considering legitimate requests upon running rampant through the operation of their merits. EXTENSION OF REMARKS our Government would soon lead to the col­ This I believe Congress will do. I think or lapse of the Nation itself. that regardless of the outcome, you will be There was a time when our country could given a fair shake of the dice. HON. GEORGE P. MILLER afford the spoils system of parceling out Gov­ But I am not here tonight to talk-to you OJ" CALIFORNIA ernment jobs. Those were simpler times­ about the problems of civil service. There IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an age in which the actual operation of Gov­ are more appropriate times and places in ernment was largely a matter of routine. which, through your able leadership, you can Thursday, January 21, 1960 The victors of partisan strife looked upon discuss your specific affairs with the Mem­ Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER. Mr. the Government and its jobs as the proper bers of Congress who are expert in this field. Speaker, it was my privilege to be a reward of success. And they also thought of I do want to talk to you tonight about prob· guest at a banquet of the American Fed­ the Government as an institution which lems that affect you all as Americans. could be used to perpetuate the power of the YEAR OJ" DECISION eration of Government Employees at the victors. Willard Hotel last Saturday evening, TIME FOR CONTINUITY This year Is a year of election 1n America. January 16, celebrating the 77th anni­ There are choices to make and decisions The Pendleton Act put an end to that era. to take. versary of the Federal civil service sys­ It dedicated our country to the proposition tem. that our governmental machinery should be But what we choose, we do not choose for The Honorable LYNDON JOHNSON, ma­ in the hands of public servants who held ourselves alone. With us, on the way that jority leader of the Senate, was the prin­ their jobs because they had demonstrated we go-whatever that way may· be-will go merit and capacity. the hope and faith of free men everywhere cipal speaker. He delivered a forth­ and the prospects of generations still un• right address in which he expressed ap. The act also brought into our Government born. the concept of continuity-that the inaug­ preciation for the intelligent, efficient uration of a new administration did not · The responsibllity that rests upon Amer­ and loyal work of the Government's mean the complete dismissal of all of those ica in this young year is awesome. There career employees. who possessed the necessary knowledge to should be more of us getting down on our Senator JoHNSON demonstrated an in­ keep the day-to-day wheels running knees right now and fewer of us standing timate knowledge ·of our merit system smoothly. on our right t6 hold the floor. and an appreciation of its good points Nq one pretends that civil service has The office we are to fill in 1960 is the Pres­ as well as its shortcomings. worked perfectly. It has its faults-as does idency of the United States. The man we any system devised by the mind of man. will elect is not going to be god of th~ Federal employees and all concerned universe or a ruler of the world-but he 18 with preserving and increasing the ef­ But over the decades, it has built up a core of hard working, able, competent peo­ going to lead our country for 4 years. ficiency of the civil service merit system ple without whom this Nation could not - The decision we are going to make will be will be interested in the majority leader's stand in the 20th century. determined along partisan lines. It is right speech which follows: and proper that we should do so. 4 IDGH STANDARD THE YEAR IN WHICH WE CHOOSE But it wlll not be right and not be proper It is fashionable in many quarters to de­ if we permit ourselves to be so divided by (Address by Senator LYNDON B. JOHNSON, ride the civil servant who works for our partisanship that 1960 will come to an end American Federation of Government Em­ Government. It is a popular form of public with our Nation weaker than it was when ployees, 77th anniversary of civil service, amusement to consider the civil servant a the year began. Washington, D.C., January 16, 1960) parasite who is living off the hard-won money It is always pleasant after a busy week of the taxpayer and drawing down lush LEGITIMATE IsSUES to spend Saturday night with good friends. salaries, for little or no work. There are many legitimate Issues to be Then you can say the things you have been I have been connected with the Federal submitted to-and discussed fully . before­ wanting to say. Government in either the legislative or the the American people. We are entitled to a I am happy to have ·this opportunity to executive branch for 30 years. In such a vast frank and searching debate upon our na.; visit with you tonight. I am especially and complicated establishment, I have, of tional goals. happy because this is an appropriate ocea­ course, found loafers and incompetents. We must choose between an America that slon to take stock and to review some of the But I have found far more dedicated peo­ looks with confidence to an ever-expanding fundamentals of our Government in the light ple; hard-working people; far more selfiess future or an America that shrinks into a by- of the problems of 1960. people. And I think that the standard of gone past. · We are here to commemorate the ann-iver­ performance required by the civil service is We must choose between an America that sary of civil service. For 77 years-nearly fully as great as that required in any field of is preeminent or an America that is second half the life of our Republic-it has been human endeavor. best. the expressed will of our people that their . It seems to me tha.t those in the Govern­ We must choose between· an America that Government should not be operated in the ment who are the legitimate subject of par­ can lead the world boldly into the age of service of partisans. This is the bedrock on tisan activity owe certain obligations to those space or an America that is content to tag which the basic integrity of the National who are in the civil service. along behind another power. Government has stood and must continue to We must choose between an America that stand. UPON THE MERITS has the initiative in world affairs or an And this is the bedrock on which we, as a A civil servant has relinquished some of America that merely reacts to the moves of nation, need to plant our feet firmly in this th~ protections which are enjoyed by those others on the international chessboard. year of 1960. who are engaged in private endeavor. The We must choose between an America that civil servant has tenure; but he does not TIME FOB PARTISANSHIP seeks ever higher standards for its people have---;and cannot have-the right to use col­ or an America that believes the best that We live in a land in which we have tried lective economic force to set the tex:ms and can be done is to hold that which we al­ to place things in proper categories. We conditions of his employment. For this rea­ ready have. recognize that there is a place for partisan­ son, 'those who do have the right and author­ ship and a place in which partisanship 1s ity to set those terms and conditions have CHOICES WE DO NOT BA vB not appropriate. an obligation to lean over backward to be In the months that lie ahead it Is es.; Our political system fs based upon par­ fair. Wages, hours, and working conditions sential that such issues be fully debated. tisan divisions-because our people must cannot be settled at the table of collective But it is equally essential that we realize