Notebook of Colonial Memories Isabela Figueiredo

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Notebook of Colonial Memories Isabela Figueiredo luso-asio-afro-brazilian studies & theory 4 Notebook of Colonial Memories Isabela Figueiredo Translated by Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell Notebook of Colonial Memories Publication supported by a Gregory Rabassa Translation Grant from the Luso-American Foundation Notebook of Colonial Memories Isabela Figueiredo Translated by Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell luso-asio-afro-brazilian studies & theory 4 Editor Victor K. Mendes, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Associate Editor Gina M. Reis, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Editorial Board Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Stanford University Anna M. Klobucka, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Pedro Meira Monteiro, Princeton University João Cezar de Castro Rocha, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Phillip Rothwell, University of Oxford Miguel Tamen, Universidade de Lisboa Claire Williams, University of Oxford Cover design & typesetting Inês Sena, Lisbon Translation copyright © 2015 by Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Figueiredo, Isabela, 1963- [Caderno de memórias coloniais. English] Notebook of colonial memories / Isabela Figueiredo ; translated by Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell. pages cm -- (Luso-Asio-Afro-Brazilian studies & theory ; 4) ISBN 978-0-9814580-3-8 1. Figueiredo, Isabela, 1963- 2. Portugal--Biography. I. Klobucka, Anna, 1961- II. Rothwell, Phillip, 1972- III. Title. CT1378.F54A3 2015 946.904’4092--dc23 [B] 2015008099 Table of Contents Introduction 7 Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell Notebook of Colonial Memories 27 Introduction Anna M. Klobucka and Phillip Rothwell When Isabela Figueiredo’s Caderno de Memórias Coloniais (Notebook of Colonial Memories) was published in Portugal in late 2009, it was greeted by marked critical interest and popular acclaim. It was also con- troversial. Figueiredo’s literary memoir traced her growing up in the 1960s and 70s in Mozambique—then still a Portuguese colony. Its depiction of her “return” at the age of thirteen to Portugal, a country she had never seen, a few months after Mozambique’s independence, offered an uncom- monly candid and unsparing perspective on the realities of late Portu- guese colonialism in Africa. Her memoir is traumatically colored by the political climate surrounding the “repatriation” of hundreds of thousands of former colonial settlers, mainly from Angola and Mozambique. Com- posed of 43 autonomous short chapters, originally published as posts on Figueiredo’s blogs O Mundo Perfeito (The Perfect World) and its successor Mundo Novo (New World), the text comments on the author’s childhood in Mozambique’s colonial capital Lourenço Marques (now Maputo). It nar- rates her travel to Portugal, where her parents sent her into the care of rela- tives before joining her several years later. It offers powerful insights into her adolescent experience as a retornada (returnee) in her new homeland.1 Figueiredo, who since 1985 has worked as a high school teacher of Por- tuguese language and literature in Almada (across the Tagus estuary from Lisbon), was not a well-known writer in 2009. Her only previous work of fiction had been published in 1988, after its manuscript was awarded the 1 For additional information about the author of Notebook of Colonial Mem- ories and her own reflection on the text, see Gould. ISABELA FIGUEIREDO top prize in a literary competition. The fact that the author of Notebook of Colonial Memories did not belong to Portugal’s literary and cultural establishment reinforced the widespread perception of the narrative as an authentic and direct statement of witness and remembrance, although Figueiredo herself has forcefully insisted on her text’s literariness. In a 2012 blog post about Notebook, she compares her memoir, which fuses organi- cally autobiography and fiction, with works such as Marguerite Duras’sThe Lover and Karen Blixen’s Out of Africa. Figueiredo complains that, unlike Duras or Blixen, whose belonging to the refined sphere of “literature” is never questioned, she sometimes finds her Notebook shelved by book- stores in the history section, as a raw document of Portuguese colonialism and its aftermath (Figueiredo 2012). To recognize the literary ambition and merit of Figueiredo’s Notebook of Colonial Memories is not tantamount to denying the text’s testimonial value and political impact, especially in the context of twenty-first-cen- tury Portugal. The publication of Notebook received attentive and often enthusiastic reviews in most of the country’s major print media outlets, 8 from newspapers to cultural magazines. It also triggered an outpouring of reactions—in online forums, at book signings, in private messages or let- ters to the author—from the vast and diverse community of Portuguese retornados and their descendants. This gushing response—some of which Figueiredo chronicled in her blog—testified to Notebook striking a sensi- tive chord among its readership. The book has come to hold a unique place among the growing body of fictional and nonfictional writing and other cultural products concerned with the social memory and human impact of Portugal’s complicated and messy process of decolonization. Since the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which brought an end to one of the twentieth century’s longest-surviving dictatorships and simultane- ously to Europe’s most enduring colonialism, Portugal’s literary scene has been fundamental in the nation’s coming to terms with its imperial legacies. The 1960s and first half of the 1970s saw Portugal embroiled in colonial wars against independence movements in Africa that affected every one of its families. The dictatorship’s intransigence against the tide of history caused thousands of youths to be maimed and killed in the service of a state whose moral bankruptcy became increasingly obvious. Many of Portugal’s great post-1974 writers have depicted in varying ways how that experience of “los- ing” Africa informs and underpins what it means to be Portuguese today. NOTEBOOK OF COLONIAL MEMORIES The earlier works of writers like António Lobo Antunes and Lídia Jorge relate the experiences of Portuguese sent to Africa as part of the fight to cling on to the empire no matter what the cost. What was less prevalent until more recently were texts, like Notebook, that deal with the experiences of the retornados—those whose lives were entirely based in the former colonies and who were forced or opted to resettle in Portugal as the colonies gained independence. Yet, as Raquel Ribeiro points out, more than three decades after the Carnation Revolution, there has been a veritable boom in writing about that experience and, in particular, in dealing with what she identi- fies as the “stigma” of being a retornado in Portugal. Picture books, diaries, autobiographies, memoirs and fiction both feed into and feed on a nostalgia for what was left behind in Africa. They also assert the need for a recognition of the qualitatively different experience of the end of the empire to which they testify. Like Figueiredo, many of the over half a million Portuguese (by conservative estimates) who relocated to Portugal in the years following the independence of the colonies had little or no contact with their former metropolis, and were not universally welcomed there. They were considered to be direct competition for jobs at a time of political turmoil and economic 9 crisis. They were often branded as imperialists in a peculiar sophism that exonerated the “true” residents of mainland Portugal from any responsibility for five centuries of colonial rule overseas. Portugal’s imperial project was the longest and one of the most erratic in modern European history. In search for a sea route to India, Vasco da Gama made landfall in Mozambique in 1498. Thus began Portugal’s claims to impe- rial hegemony in southeastern Africa, claims that would repeatedly be chal- lenged by complex realities on the ground and by other European colonial powers. Portugal’s imperial pretensions in the region only came to a defini- tive end on June 25, 1975, when Mozambique became formally independent. Mozambique’s borders were a creation of nineteenth-century imperial diplomacy and brinkmanship. They were settled during the Scramble for Africa, an era when Portugal was considered a weak player on the imperial stage. Indeed, swathes of the colony, while technically Portuguese, were under the jurisdiction of concession companies, with little or no interest in long-term investment in Mozambique. A coup in Portugal in 1926 paved the way for the rise to power of António de Oliveira Salazar, one of the twentieth century’s most unlikely dictators. A professor of economics at the University of Coimbra, he was empowered by the military as the minister ISABELA FIGUEIREDO of finance in 1928 with a sweeping mandate to solve Portugal’s economic dysfunction. By 1932, he had become prime minister with a vision of Por- tugal’s imperial destiny that included a more efficient exploitation of the African colonies as a means of earning much needed foreign reserves and providing food for Portugal. Until the 1930s, few Portuguese migrated to Mozambique. Political opponents of the regime in Lisbon and convicts had been deported to the colony, but there had been little success in attempts systematically to settle Europeans. Salazar ended the concession company regime in Mozambique, reasserting Portuguese sovereignty. Initially, he discouraged settlement schemes that had operated to persuade white Portuguese to move to Africa, because he felt they were a drain on Lisbon’s resources. By the early 1940s, however, taking advantage of the economic opportunities of Portugal’s neutrality as the other European imperial powers were engaged in the Second World War, Salazar authorized major irrigation and engineering projects in Mozambique and began to subsidize the immigration of work- ers from Portugal. His plan was to replicate Portuguese rural society in the 10 colonies as a means of more easily benefiting from the natural resources Africa had to offer. In 1928, there were around 18,000 whites in Mozam- bique.
Recommended publications
  • Mozambique Zambia South Africa Zimbabwe Tanzania
    UNITED NATIONS MOZAMBIQUE Geospatial 30°E 35°E 40°E L a k UNITED REPUBLIC OF 10°S e 10°S Chinsali M a l a w TANZANIA Palma i Mocimboa da Praia R ovuma Mueda ^! Lua Mecula pu la ZAMBIA L a Quissanga k e NIASSA N Metangula y CABO DELGADO a Chiconono DEM. REP. OF s a Ancuabe Pemba THE CONGO Lichinga Montepuez Marrupa Chipata MALAWI Maúa Lilongwe Namuno Namapa a ^! gw n Mandimba Memba a io u Vila úr L L Mecubúri Nacala Kabwe Gamito Cuamba Vila Ribáué MecontaMonapo Mossuril Fingoè FurancungoCoutinho ^! Nampula 15°S Vila ^! 15°S Lago de NAMPULA TETE Junqueiro ^! Lusaka ZumboCahora Bassa Murrupula Mogincual K Nametil o afu ezi Namarrói Erego e b Mágoè Tete GiléL am i Z Moatize Milange g Angoche Lugela o Z n l a h m a bez e i ZAMBEZIA Vila n azoe Changara da Moma n M a Lake Chemba Morrumbala Maganja Bindura Guro h Kariba Pebane C Namacurra e Chinhoyi Harare Vila Quelimane u ^! Fontes iq Marondera Mopeia Marromeu b am Inhaminga Velha oz P M úngu Chinde Be ni n è SOFALA t of ManicaChimoio o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o gh ZIMBABWE o Bi Mutare Sussundenga Dondo Gweru Masvingo Beira I NDI A N Bulawayo Chibabava 20°S 20°S Espungabera Nova OCE A N Mambone Gwanda MANICA e Sav Inhassôro Vilanculos Chicualacuala Mabote Mapai INHAMBANE Lim Massinga p o p GAZA o Morrumbene Homoíne Massingir Panda ^! National capital SOUTH Inhambane Administrative capital Polokwane Guijá Inharrime Town, village o Chibuto Major airport Magude MaciaManjacazeQuissico International boundary AFRICA Administrative boundary MAPUTO Xai-Xai 25°S Nelspruit Main road 25°S Moamba Manhiça Railway Pretoria MatolaMaputo ^! ^! 0 100 200km Mbabane^!Namaacha Boane 0 50 100mi !\ Bela Johannesburg Lobamba Vista ESWATINI Map No.
    [Show full text]
  • View the 2021 Project Dossier
    www.durbanfilmmart.com Project Dossier Contents Message from the Chair 3 Combat de Nègre et de Chiens (Black Battle with Dogs) 50 introduction and Come Sunrise, We Shall Rule 52 welcome 4 Conversations with my Mother 54 Drummies 56 Partners and Sponsors 6 Forget Me Not 58 MENTORS 8 Frontier Mistress 60 Hamlet from the Slums 62 DFM Mentors 8 Professional Mourners 64 Talents Durban Mentors 10 Requiem of Ravel’s Boléro 66 Jumpstart Mentors 13 Sakan Lelmoghtrebat (A House For Expats) 68 OFFICAL DFM PROJECTS The Day and Night of Brahma 70 Documentaries 14 The Killing of A Beast 72 Defying Ashes 15 The Mailman, The Mantis, and The Moon 74 Doxandem, les chasseurs de rêves Pretty Hustle 76 (Dream Chasers) 17 Dusty & Stones 19 DFM Access 78 Eat Bitter 21 DFM Access Mentors 79 Ethel 23 PARTNER PROJECTS IN My Plastic Hair 25 FINANCE FORUM 80 Nzonzing 27 Hot Docs-Blue Ice Docs Part of the Pack 29 Fund Fellows 81 The Possessed Painter: In the Footsteps The Mother of All Lies 82 of Abbès Saladi 31 The Wall of Death 84 The Woman Who Poked The Leopard 33 What’s Eating My Mind 86 Time of Pandemics 35 Unfinished Journey 37 Talents Durban 88 Untitled: Miss Africa South 39 Feature Fiction: Bosryer (Bushrider) 89 Wataalat Loughatou él Kalami (Such a Silent Cry) 41 Rosa Baila! (Dance Rosa) 90 Windward 43 Kinafo 91 L’Aurore Boréale (The Northern Lights) 92 Fiction 45 The Path of Ruganzu Part 2 93 2065 46 Yvette 94 Akashinga 48 DURBAN FILMMART 1 PROJECT DOSSIER 2021 CONTENTS Short Fiction: Bedrock 129 Crisis 95 God’s Work 131 Mob Passion 96 Soweto on Fire 133
    [Show full text]
  • Maputo, Mozambique Casenote
    Transforming Urban Transport – The Role of Political Leadership TUT-POL Sub-Saharan Africa Final Report October 2019 Case Note: Maputo, Mozambique Lead Author: Henna Mahmood Harvard University Graduate School of Design 1 Acknowledgments This research was conducted with the support of the Volvo Foundation for Research and Education. Principal Investigator: Diane Davis Senior Research Associate: Lily Song Research Coordinator: Devanne Brookins Research Assistants: Asad Jan, Stefano Trevisan, Henna Mahmood, Sarah Zou 2 MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE MOZAMBIQUE Population: 27,233,789 (as of July 2018) Population Growth Rate: 2.46% (2018) Median Age: 17.3 GDP: USD$37.09 billion (2017) GDP Per Capita: USD$1,300 (2017) City of Intervention: Maputo Urban Population: 36% of total population (2018) Urbanization Rate: 4.35% annual rate of change (2015-2020 est.) Land Area: 799,380 sq km Roadways: 31,083 km (2015) Paved Roadways: 7365 km (2015) Unpaved Roadways: 23,718 km (2015) Source: CIA Factbook I. POLITICS & GOVERNANCE A. Multi- Scalar Governance Sixteen years following Mozambique’s independence in 1975 and civil war (1975-1992), the government of Mozambique began to decentralize. The Minister of State Administration pushed for greater citizen involvement at local levels of government. Expanding citizen engagement led to the question of what role traditional leaders, or chiefs who wield strong community influence, would play in local governance.1 Last year, President Filipe Nyusi announced plans to change the constitution and to give political parties more power in the provinces. The Ministry of State Administration and Public Administration are also progressively implementing a decentralization process aimed at transferring the central government’s political and financial responsibilities to municipalities (Laws 2/97, 7-10/97, and 11/97).2 An elected Municipal Council (composed of a Mayor, a Municipal Councilor, and 12 Municipal Directorates) and Municipal Assembly are the main governing bodies of Maputo.
    [Show full text]
  • Transition Towards Green Growth in Mozambique
    GREEN GROWTH MOZAMBIQUE POLICY REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION Transition Towards Green Growth in Mozambique and 2015 - 2015 All rights reserved. Printed in Côte d’Ivoire, designed by MZ in Tunisia - 2015 This knowledge product is part of the work undertaken by the African Development Bank in the context of its new Strategy 2013-2022, whose twin objectives are “inclusive and increasingly green growth”. The Bank provides technical assistance to its regional member countries for embarking on a green growth pathway. Mozambique is one of these countries. The Bank team is grateful to the Government of Mozambique, national counterparts, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for participating in the preparation and review of this report. Without them, this work would not have been possible. We acknowledge the country’s collective efforts to mainstream green growth into the new National Development Strategy and to build a more sustainable development model that benefits all Mozambicans, while preserving the country’s natural capital. A team from the African Development Bank, co-led by Joao Duarte Cunha (ONEC) and Andre Almeida Santos (MZFO), prepared this report with the support of Eoin Sinnot, Prof. Almeida Sitoe and Ilmi Granoff as consultants. Key sector inputs were provided by a multi-sector team comprised of Yogesh Vyas (CCCC), Jean-Louis Kromer and Cesar Tique (OSAN), Cecile Ambert (OPSM), Aymen Ali (OITC) and Boniface Aleboua (OWAS). Additional review and comments were provided by Frank Sperling and Florence Richard (ONEC) of the Bank-wide Green Growth team, as well as Emilio Dava (MZFO) and Josef Loening (TZFO).
    [Show full text]
  • O Semba Angolano Pré-Independência (1961-1975): Relações Entre Música E Política
    O SEMBA ANGOLANO PRÉ-INDEPENDÊNCIA (1961-1975): RELAÇÕES ENTRE MÚSICA E POLÍTICA Mateus Berger Kuschick [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Resumo A presente comunicação é parte da pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, desenvolvida na área de música popular / etnomusicologia. O semba, estilo musical erigido a símbolo nacional de Angola a partir dos anos 60 do séc.XX, é o principal objeto do estudo: desde sua formação, os principais artistas, as canções mais representativas, o apelo popular, até a busca por elementos musicais recorrentes que lhe diferencie de outros estilos de música popular. Apresentaremos uma revisão fonográfica das principais coletâneas publicadas sobre semba, bem como trechos de entrevistas realizadas com sembistas de Angola e definições de diversos autores sobre o estilo musical em questão e seu percurso por terras angolanas principalmente a partir de 1947, com o grupo Ngola Ritmos, até 1975, ano da independência do país e de início de uma guerra civil que perdurou até 2002 com apoio de potências econômicas como EUA e URSS. Traremos constatações parciais sobre o semba em que apontaremos características referentes a aspectos como padrão rítmico, instrumentação, forma, harmonia, melodia, idioma, temática das letras, arranjo vocal e instrumental. Ainda, destacaremos o papel relevante da música no movimento pela independência angolana. Consideramos importante o estudo do semba angolano no contexto 893 acadêmico brasileiro para que possamos buscar pontos de contato entre as culturas musicais de Palavras-Chave: Semba, Angola, etnomusicologia. Abstract This communication is part of the doctoral research in progress, developed in the area of ethnomusicology / popular music. Semba, musical style national symbol of Angola , is the main object of study.
    [Show full text]
  • MALAUENE Umn 0130E 22082.Pdf
    A history of music and politics in Mozambique from the 1890s to the present A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY DENISE MARIA MALAUENE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUEREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ALLEN F. ISAACMAN JANUARY 2021 Ó DENISE MARIA MALAUENE, 2021 Acknowledgements Nhi bongide ku womi ni vikelo Thank you for life and protection Nhi bongide gurula ni guhodza Thank you for peace and provision Nhi bongide gu nengela omo gu Thank you for happiness in times of tsanisegani suffering Nhi bongide Pfumu Thank you, God! Denise Malauene song titled “Nhi bongide Pfumu”1 Pfumu Nungungulu, nhi bongide ngudzu! (Thank you, God!) My children Eric Silvino Tale and Malik TSakane Malauene Waete: I thank you for your unconditional love, Support, and understanding aS many timeS I could not be with you nor could meet your needs because I waS studying or writing. Mom and dad Helena ZacariaS Pedro Garrine and João Malauene, nhi bongide ku SatSavbo. My Siblings Eduardo Malauene, GiSela Malauene, Guidjima Donaldo, CriStina AgneSS Raúl, DioníSio, Edson Malauene, ChelSea Malauene, Kevin Malauene, obrigada por tudo. I am grateful to my adviSor Allen IsSacman for the advice, guidance, and encouragement, particularly during the difficult timeS in my Ph.D. trajectory Somewhat affected by Several challengeS including CycloneS Idai, the armed instability in central and northern Mozambique, and Covid 19. Barbara’s and hiS support are greatly appreciated. I am grateful to ProfeSSor Helena Pohlandt-McCormick for her encouragement, guidance, and Support. Her contribution to the completion of my degree in claSSeS, reading groups, paper preSentations, grant applications, the completion of my prelimS, and Michael’s and her support are greatly appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Crp 2 B 2 0 0
    ...... ..... ...... ..... .......... ... ........ .!;:i - - ... K.-- i:--B ........ .. ........ .......... .... ... ... ..... .... ... ... ... ..... .... oiu on .... ....... .. Coun n torri.e.,va ol, til Mozamb4w's War of ln.dOen en,-,o 19"64-1974 THOMAS 1. HENRIKSFN .... --------. ........ ........ ... ..... .... ... .......... i- - ro P. ....... .......... .................... 27 Northwestern University Library Evanston, Illinois 60201 LL Revolution and Counterrevolution Mozambique ... 9- i . + J . ,i+J m+. Revolution and Counterrevolution Mozambique's War of Independence, 1964-1974 THOMAS H. HENRIKSEN Contributions in Intercultural and Comparative Studies, Number 6 P Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut * London, England 9G-1.103 H r Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Henriksen, Thomas H. Revolution and counterrevolution. (Contributions in intercultural and comparative studies, ISSN 0147-1031 ; no. 6) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Mozambique-Politics and government-To 1975. 2. National liberation movements-Mozambique. 3. Guerrillas-Mozambique. I. Title. I. Series. DT463.H46 967'.903 82- 6132 ISBN 0-313-23605-4 (lib. bdg.) AACR2 Copyright © 1983 by Thomas H. Henriksen All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-6132 ISBN: 0-313-23605-4 ISSN: 0147-1031 First published in 1983 Greenwood Press A division of Congressional Information Service, Inc. 88 Post Road West Westport, Connecticut 06881 Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 Once again, for Margaret Mary, Heather, Damien and Mungo Contents Tables ix Preface xi 1. Background to Revolution: Pacification and Resistance 3 2. The Military Insurgency of the Revolution 27 3. The Military Counterinsurgency of the Counterrevolution 45 4. Mobilization 71 5. Countermobilization 93 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Sambas, Batuques E Sembas: Experiências Em Música Popular Em Brasil, Moçambique E Angola
    XXV Congresso da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Música – Vitória – 2015 Sambas, batuques e sembas: experiências em música popular em Brasil, Moçambique e Angola MODALIDADE: PAINEL Vilson Zattera UNICAMP – [email protected] Francisco de Assis Santana Mestrinel UNICAMP – [email protected] Mateus Berger Kuschick UNICAMP – [email protected] Matheus Serva Pereira UNICAMP – [email protected] Resumo: O painel busca aproximar três pesquisas que envolvem temáticas semelhantes sobre a música feita em Moçambique, Angola e em uma escola de samba do Brasil. Sambas, sembas e batuques serão abordados sob o olhar de pesquisadores de música e história, em períodos históricos diferentes, mas aproximados pela história comum de colonização portuguesa. A produção musical nos países em questão tem elos que o presente painel, ao reunir as pesquisas em andamento, apontará aproximações. Palavras-chave: Música popular. Samba brasileiro. Semba angolano. Batuques moçambicanos. Title of the Paper in English Abstract: The paper tries to approximate three studies involving similar issues on the music made in Mozambique, Angola and in a samba school in Brazil. Sambas, sembas and batuques will be addressed from the perspective of music researchers and researcher of history, at different times, but approximate the common history of Portuguese colonization. The musical production in the countries concerned has links that this paper aims to show. Keywords: Popular music. Brazilian samba. Angolan semba. Mozambican batuques. 1. Introdução geral Três pesquisas de doutorado em andamento na Universidade Estadual de Campinas compõem esse painel, sendo duas situadas na sub-área de Música e uma na sub- área de História. Todas têm como elemento central práticas musicais populares, os diferentes usos dessas práticas e suas representativas em países que passaram por experiências comuns no seu processo de formação nacional.
    [Show full text]
  • Construção De Identidade Através Da Música Popular
    Revista Sonora, 2019, vol. 8, nº 14 http://www.sonora.iar.unicamp.br ISSN 1809-1652 Brasil, Angola, Moçambique: construção de identidade através da música popular 1 Ricardo Vilas ,​ Universidade Federal Fluminense E-mails: [email protected] ​ ​ Resumo Semba, MPB (e o Samba, que sempre será inserido, sem o estar totalmente), e Marrabenta são três gêneros musicais inseridos na circulação mundial de música popular. Essas músicas também, fazem parte de um universo cultural “lusófono”, tão intensa sempre foi a circulação de música e cultura entre os Palops e o Brasil. O artigo trata da relação entre música popular e política, e mostra como a música popular, ao trazer respostas a uma crise social , afirma e constrói identidades e pertencimentos. Palavras-chave: Música popular; Brasil-Angola-Moçambique; Construção de Identidade. Abstract Semba, MPB (and Samba, wich will Always be inserted without being totally) and Marrabenta are three musical genres inserted in the world popular music ciculation. These musics are also parto f a “lusophone” cuktural universe, so intebse has always been the circulation of music e=and cukture cetween the Palos and Brazil. The article delas with the relationship between music and politics, and shows how popular music, by bringing responses to a social crisis, affirms and builds identities and belongings. 1 Músico profissional, com 50 anos de carreira e 27 álbuns na sua discografia. É doutor em Antropologia, diploma em cotutela entre a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e a Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - Paris. É mestre em Etnomusicologia pela Université de Paris 8 - Saint Denis.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from Mozambique: the Maputo Water Concession Contract
    Lessons from Mozambique: The Maputo Water Concession Contract LESSONS FROM MOZAMBIQUE: THE MAPUTO WATER CONCESSION By Horácio Zandamela Page TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 LIST OF TABLES 2 ABBREVIATIONS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 8 THE SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT 8 General Information 8 The Urban Scenario 8 The Colonial Legacy 9 The Options for Mozambique after Independence 10 Mozambique and the Future 11 THE PRIVATISATION PROCESS IN MOZAMBIQUE 12 General Aspects 12 The Water Contracts 13 The Outcomes of the Water Contracts 21 The Labour Issue 27 The Environmental Issue 29 The Risks 30 CONCLUSIONS 30 REFERENCES 33 1 Lessons from Mozambique: The Maputo Water Concession Contract LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Participants in the Pre-Qualification Bid Table 2: Capital Stock Breakdown of AdM Table 3: List of Current Contracts for Water Supply in Maputo Table 4: Settlements Inside Maputo Area Table 5: Settlements Inside Matola City Table 6: Number of New Connections Table 7: Percentage of Improper Water in Maputo Table 8: Tariffs Structures in Maputo Table 9: Operator Tariff Schedule for Maputo Table 10: New Tariff Adjustment Table 11: Staff Profile 2 Lessons from Mozambique: The Maputo Water Concession Contract ABBREVIATIONS AdM Aguas de Moçambique BAs Beneficiary Assessments CRA Council for the Regulation of Water Supply DNA National Directorate of Water ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility FAO Food Agricultural Organisation FIPAG Asset and Investment Water Fund GOM Government of Mozambique IDA International Development Agency IMF
    [Show full text]
  • A New and Prosperous Era Mozambique’S Natural Resource Endowment Provides the Foundation for an Exciting Future
    MOZAMBIQUE A new and prosperous era Mozambique’s natural resource endowment provides the foundation for an exciting future f ever a country deserved its good fortune, then FRELIMO took complete control of the former After 15 years Mozambique is that country. For the first 20 colony after a transition period, as agreed in the years of the independence it won in 1975, it was Lusaka Accord which recognised Mozambique’s right of economic wracked by a war whose scars are still visible to independence and the terms of the transfer of power. Itoday. After 15 years of economic reforms, recent Within a year of the Portuguese coup, almost all the reforms, discoveries of gas, along with a huge coal sector, will 300,000 Portuguese population had departed. This provide much-needed finance for the Government in hasty exodus left the Mozambican economy in chaos. recent its mission to eradicate poverty and create jobs. Two years later, in 1977, civil war erupted, destroying The Portuguese began colonising what is today what little wealth and physical infrastructure the discoveries Mozambique in the early 16th century, soon Portuguese had left behind. establishing this stretch of the East African coastline as For 13 years, Mozambique was a Cold War of gas, along a trade centre with India. After the end of World War battleground, as the Soviet-backed FRELIMO army II, as in most of Africa, an independence movement fought the US and South African-backed RENAMO with a huge emerged, led by FRELIMO, which fought the rebels. By 1990, the world outside Mozambique Portuguese military regime of Antonio Salazár.
    [Show full text]
  • PARTY INSTITUTIONALISATION in MOZAMBIQUE ‘The Party of the State’ Vs the Opposition
    VOLUME 12 NO 1 109 PARTY INSTITUTIONALISATION IN MOZAMBIQUE ‘The Party of the state’ vs the Opposition Adriano Nuvunga and Eduardo Sitoe Adriano Nuvunga is a PhD student in the International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique e-mail: [email protected] Eduardo Sitoe is Professor of Politics and Governance in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The article probes party institutionalisation in Mozambique and argues that only three of the more than 50 registered political parties there are ‘effective’, namely Frelimo, which is highly institutionalised; Renamo, which is collapsing organisationally yet has a high level of social rootedness; and an institutionalising MDM. The article concludes that although the opposition parties are partly to blame for their misfortunes, the nature of Frelimo’s relationship with society bears the main responsibility for the impoverishment of the opposition parties because it makes it difficult for opposition parties to break in and challenge its control over the state. INTRODUCTION There are few published studies on Mozambican political parties and those there are focus on elections. Studies of political parties have covered the following: the Frelimo party ideology (Brito 1988); building opposition (Manning 1998); strengths and weaknesses of multiparty democracy (Nuvunga 2005); the Frelimo-Renamo two-party system (Carbone 2005); the Renamo-UE coalition (Kadima & Matsimbe 2006); The Movimento Democrático de Moçambique (Mozambique Democratic Movement – MDM) as a new force (Chichava 2010a) and the MDM as a new 109 110 JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ELECTIONS opposition party (Nuvunga & Adalima 2011).
    [Show full text]