DOCSLIB.ORG

The Dialect of Weert: Two Varieties

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Running head: THE DIALECT OF WEERT: TWO VARIETIES The dialect of Weert: use, appreciation and variation within the dialect Dion van der Looij 4527364 Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, the Netherlands December 18th 2017 Master thesis Supervisor: prof. R.W.N.M. van Hout Running head: THE DIALECT OF WEERT: TWO VARIETIES Words of thanks I would like to take the opportunity to express my gratitude to those who have helped me at any stage of the process of writing this Master thesis. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, prof. R. van Hout, professor and researcher at the Linguistics department of the Radboud University in Nijmegen. I wish to thank him for his much appreciated patience, his useful revisions of (sections of) my thesis and his suggestions for progressing in completing the thesis. I also wish to thank Mr Feijen, chairmen of Veldeke Weert, the local circle (kring) of the dialect association Veldeke, for providing information about the dialect varieties that are the subject of study in this thesis, and for his assistance in finding participants. In this regard, I Mr Moonen also deserves my thanks for his assistance in finding and contacting participants. Furthermore, my gratitude goes to Mr Maes, chief of the local news agency Midden-Limburg Actueel, who conceived the idea of recording and posting a short video containing an appeal for participating in the dialect interviews.Finally, a word of thanks is appropriate to all dialect speakers who agreed to participate in the interviews. The local municipal archives (Gemeentearchief Weert) deserve a special mention for granting access to a collection of newspapers issued halfway through the 20th century, in which I was able to find information about the expansion of town and about the population growth. THE DIALECT OF WEERT: TWO VARIETIES Abstract The topic of the current study was the dialect of the town of Weert. The first aspect of study was the (reported) domains of use and the beliefs about the appreciation of the dialect. The second aspect involved an empirical assessment of a described fairly systematic variation in so-called long close-mid vowels within the dialect. Use and appreciation were found to be highest within the family circle. Also, dialect speakers reportedly speak dialect less frequently with the younger generation than with their own and the older generation within the family. Regarding the distinction (varieties) in the dialect, there appears to be an age effect. Older dialect speakers seem to adhere more to the variety that is presumably spoken in their part of town than younger dialect speakers. A small effect of gender was found: male dialect speakers adhere more strongly to the dialect variety spoken in the part of town in which they live. Keywords: Weert, dialect, dialect use, appreciation, Stadsweerts, buitenijen, long close-mid vowels iii Table of contents Words of thanks .............................................................................................................................. ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Dialect in the Netherlands and Limburg ..................................................................................... 6 1.1. The definition of dialect ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2. The current study ................................................................................................................. 8 2. Historical background ................................................................................................................11 2.1. Roman era and early Middle-Ages .................................................................................... 12 2.2. Late Middle-Ages .............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1. Lord Philips de Montmorency and the castle of the Van Horn family ....................... 13 2.3. Weert during the Eighty Years’ War (or Dutch Revolt) (1568-1648) ................................ 14 2.4. Spanish Netherlands ........................................................................................................... 14 2.5. Austrian Netherlands and French occupation .................................................................... 15 2.5.1. Growth in the 19th and 20th century ............................................................................ 15 2.6. Post-war expansion ............................................................................................................ 17 3. The dialect of Limburg and Weert ............................................................................................ 21 3.1. The dialect region of Limburg ........................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Dialect area of Central Limburgish ............................................................................. 21 3.2. Town and dialect of Weert ................................................................................................. 22 3.2.1. The dialect of Weert and the surrounding area ........................................................... 22 3.2. Town dialects ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1. What is a town dialect? ............................................................................................... 24 3.2.2. The dialect of Weert: a town dialect? .......................................................................... 25 3.3. Second person singular personal pronouns ........................................................................ 25 3.4. Hypotheses and research question ..................................................................................... 26 3.4.1 Research questions ....................................................................................................... 27 4. Method ...................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1. Participant criteria .............................................................................................................. 29 4.2. Participants ......................................................................................................................... 31 4.3. Questionnaire ..................................................................................................................... 33 4.3.1. Translation task: ten Dutch sentences and selection of words .................................... 34 4.3.2. List of used words ....................................................................................................... 35 4.4. Procedure ........................................................................................................................... 38 2 THE DIALECT OF WEERT: TWO VARIETIES 4.4.1. Use of personal pronouns in dialect of Weert ............................................................. 39 5. Results on dialect use, appreciation and associations with the dialect ..................................... 41 5.1. Dialect use (questions 2, 3 and 4) .................................................................................. 41 5.2. Appreciation of the dialect ............................................................................................. 51 5.1.3. Associations with the dialect of Weert or Limburg (question 6) ................................ 55 6. Results on variation within the dialect of Weert ....................................................................... 61 6.1. Variation within Weert ....................................................................................................... 61 6.2. Variation in lexical items.................................................................................................... 64 6.3. The impact of variables dialect variety, gender, generation (age) and neighbourhood ..... 78 6.3.1. Gender and dialect variety and neighbourhood .......................................................... 78 6.3.2. Age (generation) and dialect variety and neighbourhood ........................................... 87 6.3.3. Proportion buitenijen/Stadsweerts varieties per participant ....................................... 96 6.4. Dialect variants of the lexical items in the Translation task .......................................... 98 6.5. Personal pronouns in the dialect of Weert (Translation task) .......................................... 106 7. Discussion and Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 109 7.1 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 109 7.1.1 Sub-question 1a and 1b: reported dialect use and views on dialect use .................... 109 7.1.3. Sub-question 1c: dialect use and command of the dialect ......................................... 111 7.1.4. Sub-question 2a: appreciation and importance of the dialect ....................................113 7.1.5. Sub-question 2b: associations with the dialect of Weert and Limburg ......................115 7.1.6. Analysis of comments on questions units questions 2 and 3 .....................................116 7.1.7. Sub-question 3a:
Recommended publications
  • Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border

    Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border

    Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns.
  • DC Keyport WEERT, the NETHERLANDS Property Description

    DC Keyport WEERT, the NETHERLANDS Property Description

    DC KeyPort WEERT, THE NETHERLANDS PropertY description DC KeyPort comprises a modern and high quality build-to- suit development with a total surface of 33,100 m² that can be divided into two warehouses of each 15,000 m². The building consists of a maximum clear height of 10.60 metres and provides customer flexible solutions. The 5 hectare plot delivers sufficient parking for both passenger cars and trucks and is completely fenced. The development is located in Weert and makes part of the new business park ‘Kampershoek 2 2.0’ on the border of the Provinces Noord-Brabant and Limburg in the South of the Nether- lands. In total the park comprises an office, industrial and logistics platform of 70 hectare. To improve further multi- modal transport infrastructure of the Weert region, GVT Group of Logistics has scheduled - in collaboration with logistics provider Wetron - a new con- tainer barge terminal ‘Weert-Cranendonk’ in vicinity of the Nyrstar location, which is less than 12 kilometres distance of DC KeyPort. This water and railway connection together with the direct access and high attention value to the highway A2/E25 (Eindhoven-Maastricht) makes this business park a very attractive location for industrial and logistics related com- panies. Furthermore, the location is strategically situated near Brainport Eindhoven and has excellent road connections to the German Rhine- Ruhr region and the Flanders region in Belgium. The surrounding area is characterised by a mix of industrial buildings with offices and warehouses. Well- known national and international companies in Weert are Wetron, Lidl, UTC, Trespa, Dancohr Group, Vtech.
  • Omvang Risicogroepen in De Limburgse Gemeente Weert ROA

    Omvang Risicogroepen in De Limburgse Gemeente Weert ROA

    ROA Titel Omvang risicogroepen in de Limburgse gemeente Weert Annemarie Künn Davey Poulissen ROA Factsheet ROA-F-2019/3 - Weert Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt | ROA Research Centre For Education and the Labour Market | ROA Omvang risicogroepen in de Limburgse gemeente Weert Snelle feiten en cijfers1 In deze factsheet maken we voor de gemeente Weert inzichtelijk wat de absolute en relatieve omvang is van een viertal groepen inwoners met een risicopositie, 1. Ongeveer 19,9% van de 15 tot en met 67-jarige namelijk: inwoners van de gemeente Weert bevindt zich in een risicopositie omdat zij een 1. Personen met een arbeidsongeschiktheids- arbeidsongeschiktheids-, werkloosheids- of uitkering bijstandsuitkering ontvangen, of omdat zij 2. Personen met een werkloosheidsuitkering inactief zijn op de arbeidsmarkt. 3. Personen met een bijstandsuitkering 2. Het percentage personen dat zich in een 4. Personen die inactief zijn zonder dat zij onderwijs risicopositie bevindt, is binnen de gemeente volgen of één of meerdere van de hierboven Weert het hoogst in de wijk Fatima (28,2%). genoemde uitkeringen ontvangen. Personen die de AOW-gerechtigde leeftijd hebben bereikt of een pensioenuitkering ontvangen worden niet als inactief bestempeld. 1. Inleiding Omdat het mogelijk is dat inwoners naast het In december 2018 is een factsheet gepubliceerd ontvangen van de drie genoemde uitkeringstypes waarin de omvang van de risicogroepen in Limburg werken, brengen we tevens in kaart welk deel van de in kaart is gebracht op peildatum 31 december 2015.2 uitkeringsafhankelijken naast hun uitkering betaald Voortbouwend op deze zogenaamde nulmeting, werk verricht. Personen die naast het ontvangen bekijken we in deze factsheet de situatie in de van een uitkering betaald werk verrichten lopen om gemeente Weert op 31 december 2017.
  • Regelingen (Wgr), Waaraan De Gemeente Weert Deelneemt

    Regelingen (Wgr), Waaraan De Gemeente Weert Deelneemt

    Register van gemeenschappelijke regelingen als bedoeld in artikel2T van de Wet gemeenschappelijke regelingen (Wgr), waaraan de gemeente Weert deelneemt. Naam Deelnemers Wette lijke voorsch riften, Overgedragen Adres en Type GR* waardoor de bevoegdheden plaats bevoegdheden van het vestiging sa menwerkingsverband worden beheerst L. Wijziging De colleges van Wet maatschappelijke De gezamenlijke regie op Geleen Er is een Gemeenscha ppelijke B&W van de ondersteuning, Wet en uitvoering van het aan rechtspersoonl ijkheid de gemeenten bezittend openbaar regeling Omnibuzz, in gemeenten Beek, maatschappelijke opgedragen lichaam met een algemeen werking per 11 mei2016 Beesel, Bergen, ondersteuning 201-5, doelgroepenvervoer bestuur, een dagelijks Brunssum, Echt- Wet op het primair bestuur en een voorzitter. Susteren, Eijsden- Onderwijs, Wet op het Het openbaar lichaam is genaamd 'Omnibuzz'. Margraten, voortgezet, Wet op de Gennep, Gulpen- expertisecentra Wittem, Heerlen, Horst aan de Maas, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Leudal, Maasgouw, Maastricht, Meerssen, Nederweert, Nuth, Onderbanken, Peel en Maas, Roerdalen, Roermond, Schinnen, Simpelveld, Sittard-Geleen, Stein, Vaals, Valkenburg aan de Geul, Venlo, Venray, Voerendaal en Weert 2 Gemeenschappelijke De colleges van Wet gemeentelijke De colleges van de Gemeente Er is geen openbaar gemeenten Arcen en lichaam of regeling subsidiëring Anti B&W van de antidiscriminatie- Roermond, Velden, Beesel, Bergen, gemeenschappelijk orgaan Markt 3L Discriminatie gemeenten Arcen voorzieningen Echt-Susteren, Leudal, ingesteld.
  • Partitive Article

    Partitive Article

    Book Disentangling bare nouns and nominals introduced by a partitive article IHSANE, Tabea (Ed.) Abstract The volume Disentangling Bare Nouns and Nominals Introduced by a Partitive Article, edited by Tabea Ihsane, focuses on different aspects of the distribution, semantics, and internal structure of nominal constituents with a “partitive article” in its indefinite interpretation and of potentially corresponding bare nouns. It further deals with diachronic issues, such as grammaticalization and evolution in the use of “partitive articles”. The outcome is a snapshot of current research into “partitive articles” and the way they relate to bare nouns, in a cross-linguistic perspective and on new data: the research covers noteworthy data (fieldwork data and corpora) from Standard languages - like French and Italian, but also German - to dialectal and regional varieties, including endangered ones like Francoprovençal. Reference IHSANE, Tabea (Ed.). Disentangling bare nouns and nominals introduced by a partitive article. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020 DOI : 10.1163/9789004437500 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:145202 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Disentangling Bare Nouns and Nominals Introduced by a Partitive Article - 978-90-04-43750-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 10/29/2020 05:18:23PM via Bibliotheque de Geneve, Bibliotheque de Geneve, University of Geneva and Universite de Geneve Syntax & Semantics Series Editor Keir Moulton (University of Toronto, Canada) Editorial Board Judith Aissen (University of California, Santa Cruz) – Peter Culicover (The Ohio State University) – Elisabet Engdahl (University of Gothenburg) – Janet Fodor (City University of New York) – Erhard Hinrichs (University of Tubingen) – Paul M.
  • "Ich Höre Gern Diesen Dialekt, Erinnert Mich an Meine Urlaube in Kärnten

    "Ich Höre Gern Diesen Dialekt, Erinnert Mich an Meine Urlaube in Kärnten

    "Ich höre gern diesen Dialekt, erinnert mich an meine Urlaube in Kärnten ... ": A survey of the usage and the popularity of Austrian dialects in Vienna John Bellamy (Manchester) A survey of over 200 Austrians was undertaken in Vienna to investigate the extent to which they say they use dialect. They were asked if they speak dialect and if they do, in which situations they would switch to using predominantly Hochsprache. The responses have been analysed according to age, gender, birthplace (in Austria) and occupation to find out if the data reveals underlying correlations, especially to see if there have been any developments of note since earlier studies (for example, Steinegger 1995). The same group of informants were also asked about their opinions of Austrian dialects in general and this paper details their answers along with the reasons behind their positive or negative responses in this regard. The data collected during this survey will be compared to other contemporary investigations (particularly Soukup 2009) in an effort to obtain a broader view of dialect usage and attitudes towards dialect in Vienna and its environs. Since a very similar study was undertaken at the same time in the UK (Manchester) with more or less the same questions, the opportunity presents itself to compare dialect usage in the area in and around Vienna with regional accents and usage in the urban area of Manchester. References will be made during the course of the presentation to both sets of data. Language planning in Europe during the long 19th century: The selection of the standard language in Norway and Flanders Els Belsack (VU Brussel) The long 19th century (1794-1914) is considered to be the century of language planning par excellence.
  • RECONSTRUCTIE N280 Ittervoortseweg N280 Trumpertweg Startdocument Ontwikkelas Weert-Roermond Studie N280 West

    RECONSTRUCTIE N280 Ittervoortseweg N280 Trumpertweg Startdocument Ontwikkelas Weert-Roermond Studie N280 West

    RECONSTRUCTIE n280 ittervoortseweg n280 trumpertweg startdocument ontwikkelas Weert-Roermond studie n280 West 07/12 2010 Midden-Limburg is een regio met veel kansen voor de toekomst. De unieke mogelijkheden op het gebied van wonen, werken, leven en recreëren zetten Midden-Limburg onderscheidend op de kaart. Goede verbindingen zijn hierbij van doorslaggevend belang. Verbindingen tussen plaatsen én verbindingen tussen mensen. De N280 is zo’n verbinding. Het is een belangrijke schakel tussen Midden-Limburgse steden en kernen. Voor de toekomst heeft de regio echter behoefte aan een oost-west-verbinding die beter aansluit op regionale, nationale en internationale verbindingswegen. Startdocument Ontwikkelas Weert - Roermond 2 Colofon Uitgave: Provincie Limburg Postbus 5700 6202 MA Maastricht Tel.: +31 (0)43 389 99 99 Fax: +31 (0)43 361 80 99 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.limburg.nl Limburglaan 10 6229 GA Maastricht Tekst: Grontmij Nederland B.V. en ECORYS Grontmij Nederland B.V. Bredeweg 239 6043 GA Roermond Postbus 410 6040 AK Roermond Tel. 0475 – 39 00 00 Fax 0475 – 31 96 95 www.grontmij.nl Auteurs: ir. G. Minten, drs. A. Leppens, dr. ir. M. Kraan Controle: ir. G. Minten, mr. M. Blokland, ir. M. Willekens ECORYS Nederland B.V. Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam Postbus 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam www.ecorys.nl Tel. 010 – 453 88 00 Fax. 010 – 453 07 68 Auteurs: drs. K. Vervoort, W. van Dijk MSc Startdocument Ontwikkelas Weert - Roermond 3 Inhoud 1 Inleiding 6 1.1 Aanleiding...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Betrokken partijen.......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Doel van dit document................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 M.e.r.-plicht...................................................................................................................................
  • Kerkarchief Panningen Tot 1930

    Kerkarchief Panningen Tot 1930

    PLAATSINGSKENMERK OMSCHRIJVING PERIODE VAN PERIODE T/M Akte waarbij de vicares-generaal en officiaal van het bisdom Roermond de stichting van o.a. twee wekelijkse missen in de kapel bevestigen en de collators van het vermogen van de kapel vaststellen. 1644 mei 22, afschrift. 1 stuk RK/RK-Panningen138/1 N.B. Regest nr. 5 22-05-1644 22-05-1644 Akte van schuldbekentenis voor gerechtsbode en schepenen (van Heythuysen en Roggel), groot 300 gulden Brabants, ten laste van G-oerdt Pouwelsen en Jenneken, echtgenoten, en ten behoeve van Gyel Roeffs te Helden en diens 1633 juli 25, afschrift. 1 stuk N.B. Regest nr. 2. RK/RK-Panningen138/2 « Dit kapitaal van 300 gulden werd later aan de kapel gegeven t.b.v. o.a. twee wekelijkse missen (zie inv.nr. l ) , 01-01-1813 01-01-1813 RK/RK-Panningen138/3 Lijst van inkomsten en goederen van de kapel en het rectoraat. 1813 januari 1. 1 stuk 01-01-1813 01-01-1813 Stukken betreffende het al dan niet bevestigen van de kerk en de kapel van Helden in het bezit van bepaalde renten en RK/RK-Panningen138/4 goederen door de overheid. 1818-1823. 1 omslag 25-07-1633 25-07-1633 RK/RK-Panningen138/5 Lijsten van renten en pachten, verschuldigd aan de kapel en het rectoraat. 1727-1828. 3 stukken 01-01-1727 31-12-1828 RK/RK-Panningen138/6 Lijst van gebouwen van de parochie Helden met opgave van hun staat en bouwgeschiedenis. z.d. (ca. 1800). 1 stuk 01-01-1800 31-12-1800 Stukken betreffende diverse inkomsten van de kapel, waaronder akten van schenking en schuldbekentenis.
  • Modernising Tbe Lexicon of Tbe West Frisian Language

    Modernising Tbe Lexicon of Tbe West Frisian Language

    Modernising tbe Lexicon of tbe West Frisian Language Hindrik Sijens (LjouwertlLeeuwarden) A new toy in the world of modem electronic communications has arrived in Fryslän, namely Internet, and along with it e-mail. When asked what these new media might be ca lied in Frisian, the answers internet and e-mail are hardly surprising. We can see that both Fryslän and the Frisian language are also tak­ ing part in the digitalisation of the world. New concepts, new words in tech­ nology retain their original Anglo-American names in most European lan­ guages. This paper will deal with the process of developing and renewing the Frisian lexicon. But first I am going to give a brief introduction to Fryslän itself. Fryslän is one ofthe twelve provinces ofthe kingdom ofthe Netherlands and is situated in the northem part ofthe country. Fryslän is a flat province, much of its territory being below sea level. It is protected trom the sea by dikes. The capitalof Fryslän is Ljouwert, or Leeuwarden, as it is known in Dutch. In the past, Fryslän was an agricultural pro vin ce with more cattle living there than people. Nowadays farming still plays an important role in Fryslän's economy, but both the service industries and industry itself have also become important. Fryslän has a population of about 600,000 and approximately 55% of them consider Frisian to be their first language. While about 74% of the population claim that they can speak Frisian, 94% say that they can understand it when it is spoken, 65% claim that they can read Frisian, but only 17% say that they can write it (Gorter & Jonkman 1995:9-11).
  • Dutch Language and Culture

    Dutch Language and Culture

    Dutch Language and Culture Name course: Dutch Language and Culture Period: International Business Consultancy (Y4:13/14) Cluster within IBC program: Business Skills and Languages Study load: 2 ECTS/ 56 hours Lecturer: Marieke Voncken Content course Course descriptions A basic understanding of Dutch language (A1) and culture. Acquiring other languages and cultures could be usefull to enrich your experience and broaden your view on the world and on co-working with other people in your work as a business consultant. Core competences and learning objectives Multi)cultural awareness. The student is able to: . Use the right vocabulary and grammar Language skills A1 (NT2). on niveau A1 (NT2) in practical contexts such as shopping, university and Creating conversation in context of student life. Dutch culture. Evaluate and compare history, ways of live, culture Insights on cultural themes of the (cinema/music/food/religion/festivities) Netherlands. of The Netherlands with his own and other cultures. Create conversation in different environments in Holland. General course information Required previous knowledge Accessible for every student that has some knowledge of western languages, such as English. Recommended literature Mandatory: . Booktitle: Taalthuis . exercises are provided in class Recommended: . Membership on website www.taalthuis.com . Application: Duolingo. Way of working Students are expected to be present in all clases. Active participation is expected and needed to pass for this subject. During class teacher and students will focus on phonetics and you will receive feedback in small groups on your conversational skills and phonetics. For culture we will determine in the first class what our topics will be. Students are encouraged to participate actively in the selection of topics.
  • Language and Space

    Language and Space

    Language and Space An International Handbook o Linguistic Variation Volume 2: Language Mapping Edited by Alred Lameli Roland Kehrein Stean Rabanus Oprint De Gruyter Mouton 180 II. Traditions 9. Mapping Dutch and Flemish 1. Introduction 2. Prescientific linguistic maps or dialect data covering the entire Dutch language area 3. Dialect surveys 4. Linguistic atlases of the entire Dutch language area 5. Linguistic atlases or maps covering a Dutch region (regional atlases) 6. Special linguistic atlases or linguistic maps 7. Conclusion 8. Atlases 9. References 1. Introduction The beginnings and growth of dialectology in the Netherlands and Flanders can only be discussed against the background of the situation in neighboring countries. In reaction to the Enlightenment, the Romantic period brought with it an interest in and apprecia- tion of prescientific culture and nostalgia for the past. More attention came to be paid to art, myths, fairy tales and the language of ordinary people past and present, as op- posed to the Enlightenment period interest in cultured standard language. The new focus was imported from the France of Rousseau and the Germany of Schiller. But later devel- opments in the Netherlands and Flanders did not take place in isolation either. Thus, the German linguist Georg Wenker and his French colleague Jules Gillie´ron were the unmistakable precursors of Dutch linguistic atlas projects, while the work of Jean Se´guy and of Hans Goebl served as models for dialectometry in our region. In section 2 of this chapter, we take a brief look at prescientific linguistic maps and dialect collections. In section 3, dialect surveys that have not been developed into linguis- tic atlases are discussed.
  • The People of Belgium

    The People of Belgium

    THE PEOPLE OF BELGIUM. BY THE EDITOR. BELGIUM is the borderland between the Teuton and the Gaul. The population is mixed. The northern provinces are Flemish and the southern districts are inhabited by the Walloons, who are neither 'l>utons nor Gauls, but a remnant of a more primitive population which held the country before the arrival of the Celts. 'I'he blemish arc a Teutonic race and speak a dialect belonging to the (iermanic languages, one almost identical with the Dutch. It holds a middle ])osition between English and IvOw (jerman, whicJi is on the \erge of extinction, and in fact the Dutch and the Flemish ha\e preserved more faithfully than any other Teutonic tribes the traditional language of northern Germany as it was spoken centuries ago before the rise of High German. Low German was spoken all over northern Germany until the Reformation, but then the literary language, which was High German, began to crowd Low German out of the pulpit and also out of the school. The language of Luther's translation of the Bible, a literary dialect which was the official intertribal language of Germany, became generally recognized and gradually replaced the popular dialects of Low German speech. The process of this change has been slow but irresistible. Some of the present gen- eration in such northern cities as Bremen and Hamburg may still remember having talked in their childhood to the servants in the house in Low German, while in school the accepted language was High German. In this sense we may say that both the Flemish and the Dutch have remained better Germans than the Prussians, Hanoverians and other northern Germans.