2/1/2010

Basis of Innovation Interaction

 Data mining  Evolutionary computation

Andrew Kusiak The University of Iowa [email protected]

Based on D. Saffer, Designing Interaction: Cognitive Innovative Applications and Devices, New Riders, Berkeley, CA, 2010.

What is Interaction Design? (1) What is Interaction Design? (2)

 Not well defined  Interdisciplinary roots in: industrial and Design is to design a design to produce a design design, human factors, and human-computer interaction John Heskett Interaction Design  Much of interaction is not visible  E.g., Though Windows and Mac operating systems may have almost the same functionality and look, yet, they feel differently  Interaction is about behavior and behavior is difficult to observe and understand

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Interaction Design Perspectives Focus of Interaction Design (1)

 Focusing on users o Designers should advocate users’ expectaions  Finding alternatives  Technology centered o Designing is not choosing among multiple options, o E.g., use of digital technology o It is about creating options (Genetic programming link)  Behaviorist  Using ideation and prototyping o Study product behavior and users’ feedback o Many prototypes, e.g., Jeff Hawkins – designer of the original  Social interaction design PalmPilot carried around wooden blocks and wrote on them o Facilitating interaction among products and people  Collaborating and addressing constraints o Designers deal with teammates, money, materials; and address business goals, deadlines, etc.

Focus of Interaction Design (2) History of Interaction Design (1)

 Creating appropriate solutions  Likely begun with Native Americans and other tribes o Appropriate to the situation (Evolutionary computation and evolving landscape link) used smoke and other signals to communicate over  Drawing on a wide range of influences long distances E.g ., engineering, ergonomiergonomicscs, psychology, economics,  1930s – 40s arts In mid 1930s Samuel Morse created a system to convert  Incorporating emotion electromagnetic pulses into a language (system = everything from electrical system to mechanism of tapping out the code, o Product without emotional component does not connect to people to training operators) o Other mass communication technologies required systems solutions

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History of Interaction Design (2) History of Interaction Design (3)

 1940s – 60s The first computer - ENIAC was engineered, not designed.  1960s – 70s Humans had to adopt to the computer, speak its language not o 1960 – Computer network – the natural one, and it was poorly usable o 1963 – Graphical – Ivan Sutherland o In 1945 introduced Memorex (augmenting a o 1962 – ARPANET human memory) - a microfilm device for storing books, o 1965 – Email records, and o 1968 – – Mouse demo and o Memorex was the fist concept of followed by interactive design presentation Douglas Engelbart o 1970 – Gaming industry, e.g., ATARI in 1977 o 1973 – Ethernet and beginning of Apple’s era (Steve Jobs)

History of Interaction Design (4)

 1980s o Apple Computer (Lisa and Macintosh) o Era of personal computers o Portable compp,uters, Osborn 1 o Concept of ubiquitous computers at Xerox PARC  1990s Case Study 1 o The era of networked computers  2000s o Era of social software and ubiquitous computing Microsoft Office 2007 o Era of products and services

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Microsoft Office 2007 (1) Microsoft Office 2007 (2)

Microsoft: The world’s largest software company The Process The Problem Microsoft analyzed data created by anonymous users on  In earlyy, 2000, a decision was made to redesi gn Microsoft Office the use of Office 2003  A decade old interface did not scale well  They looked at desirable (low frequency) features that users  E.g., 50 menu items and 2 toolbars from MS Word 1.0 had could not find, and ballooned to 260 menu items and over 30 toolbars in  Frequently used features that were difficult to find (users badly MS Word 2003 wanted them)

Microsoft Office 2007 (3)

The Solution

 Microsoft Office 2007 has been enhanced with 1000 improvements taking less screen space than the previous versions  Minibar introduced  Ribbon introduced (with some controversy)

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