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Panchgavya: Immune-enhancing and Therapeutic Perspectives

Article in Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology · June 2014 DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2014.01071.5

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Kuldeep Dhama Sandip K Khurana Indian Veterinary Research Institute Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes

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Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 K Dhama K Perspectives Therapeutic and Immune-enhancing Panchgavya: enhancing and therapeutic perspectives. perspectives. therapeutic and enhancing Khurana K, Dhama ABSTRACT [email protected] id: email author *Corresponding 6 India Pradesh, Uttar Mathura-281001, DUVASU, Husbandry, 4 Pradesh Uttar Bareilly-243122, Izatnagar, 2 Institute, Research Veterinary ICAR-Indian Standardisation, of Division sfl n raig lo-eae polm, ie ad atoitsia dsres Cw he has Cow Keywords: applications biomedical disorders. salient highlights humans. and animals both article of health safeguarding This for components panchgavya of health. usages beneficial other and animal gastro-intestinal potential and full science their and to veterinary explored be in to piles needs particularly products valuable these of problems, usefulness has also The It properties. tuberculosis. and antifungal malaria of germs kill to ability blood-related the has dung Cow properties. immunostimulatory treating purifier in blood a is (dahi) Curd useful properties. anticancer has fat medicinal property. of aphrodisiac leaves with possess used which when herbs properties, fungicidal got a also as has Milk used also medicine. is is It administer and to weaknesses. medium and food disorders healthy kidney a diabetes; is tumours; milk pain; and Cow fever anaemia. curing in and also effective is inflammations and fever; and effects; disorders hypoglycaemic liver and treating for anticonvulsant useful have to believed is concoction urine Cow available. have medicines, deliver to medium are commercially now-a-days products Some Panchgavya suitable and professionals. both veterinary medical attracted purifier, blood property, aphrodisiac anticonvulsant, antifungal, of applications potent Therapy the of Some panchgavya days. Panchgavya elements, immune antimicrobial, including booster, these anticancer, antidiabetics, antibacterial, antiviral, dung. popularity gaining and is Panchgavya curd of Use ghee, health. human along with milk, health poultry and urine, livestock sound for cow’s modality Panchgavya therapeutic and - hormones. prophylactic alternate cow and an is (Cowpathy) from vitamins minerals, substances elements, five of essential of comprises source rich be to them proved has disease. in results these among disbalance a products Cow-derived have been described in and the Vedas and research Modern literature. other ancient religious Panchabhootas, as known together Space, and Air Fire, 1 O: 10.5958/0973-9149.2014.01071.5 DOI: 1-11 2014: January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. Immunopathology and Immunology of Journal itrac i tee ie lmns a cue a cause may elements five these in disturbance viz., Tridoshas, by affected is health their and nature of INTRODUCTION Professor, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GBPAUT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India GBPAUT,Uttarakhand, Pantnagar, Sciences, Veterinary of College Pathology, of Department Professor, India Haryana, Hisar-125001, & & of of Immunology, Veterinary College Sciences Veterinary Microbiology Department Equines, Animal Professor, Assistant on Centre Research ICAR-National Scientists, Principal Principal Scientist, Division of Pathology, of Pathology, Division Scientist, Principal Review Article Review Vadha (air), Pitha (fire) and Kapha (Phlegm). Any According to ancient Indian scriptures, all the creatures are made by five elements viz., the Earth, Water, Earth, the viz., elements five by made are creatures the all scriptures, Indian ancient to According All living beings are made up of the five elements 1 *, SK Khurana SK *, acgva hrp, opty Imnt, elh nml, Human Animals, Health, Immunity, Cowpathy, therapy, Panchgavya

SK, Karthik K, Tiwari K, Karthik SK, 2 , K Karthik K , 3 PhD Scholar, Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, and Bacteriology of Division Scholar, PhD J. Immunol. Immunopathol Immunol. J. 3

R, Malik R, , R Tiwari R ,

YPS and Chauhan RS. (2014) RS. Chauhan and YPS 4 rdcs ae great have products Animal beings. human for and animals Mrigayurveda for plants, i.e. Vrikshayurveda for the basis for development of different disease. remedialThese fu systems , YPS Malik YPS , . . 5 16 and RS Chauhan RS and (1&2): 1-11. (1&2): ndamental ndamental principles have formed mlctos o medicine, for implications I ndian . Panchgavya: Immune- Panchgavya: . J 5 Principal Scientist, Principal ourna A product of Diva Diva of product A 6 Enterprises l s . com Pvt. Ltd. Pvt. 1 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 Tiwari Tiwari 2 activity, tone and muscle pain (Paliwal system action of panchgavya on spontaneous motor nervous central the established have rats albino in (Mahima and therapy nutritional immunomodulators are panchgavya gaining popularity antibodies, egg avian novel and safer therapies viz., in herbal, bacteriophage,alternate resulted of acceptability and popularity have increasing medicines allopathic of effects harmful toxicity, residual pathogens, drug of resistance Evolving 2002). Chauhan, and Garg 2001; Singh, and (Chauhan mankind to “Panchagavya” medicine wonder a offered Dhanvantari Maharshi and cow “Kamdhenu” divine the served Vasishtha Maharshi mythology, Indian to According mother. to a similar is which nature its nourishing signifying Indian cow is known as “Kamdhenu” and “Gaumata” and distinct in The and appearance characteristics. (Alves and culture Rosa, and 2005). health Indian public economy, cow breedsenvironment, are unique 2003, 2005; Dhama Immunostimulatory, in (Chauhan, Ayurveda mentioned is panchagavya diabetes. immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity and of (AIDS) syndrome deficiency immunodeficiency acquired These remedies seem to be beneficial Dhama even for2004; cancer,(Chauhan, urine) and and dung (cow fuel electricity biogas, , of source cheaper and (cow curd milk, and ghee), and can act as alternate fields. These elements possess other high and nutritional agriculture valuehealth, in uses and qualities infestations, distinct has element panchgavya Each obesity etc. worm intoxication, chemical aging, pox, skin chicken hepatitis, leprosy asthma, and other tuberculosis, bacterial/viral infections, disease, infections/diseases, heart wounds, ulcers, acidity, disorders, track dietary gastrointestinal and leukoderma, alopecia, asthma, renal hyperlipidaemia, disorders, leucorrhoea, arthritis, rheumatoid and arthritis, cough, colds, disorders allergies, flu, like several diseases of purposes therapeutic for origin mineral or animal medicinal herbal, of drugs other possess products properties and are used these singly or in combination All with dung. and ghee, curd milk, via., cow urine, from obtained acaay cnttts ie substances five constitutes Panchagavya et al. et al. et et al. , 2013). , 2005; Alves, 2008; Dhama , 2012, 2013; Dhama , 2012, 2013; Dhama K Dhama, SK Khurana, K Karthik, R Tiwari, YPS Malik and RS Chauhan RS and Malik YPS Tiwari, R Karthik, K Khurana, SK Dhama, K et al. , 2005). Studies conducted et et al. et et al. et al. , 2013a,b; , 2013). , 2013). (Dhama (Dhama formation and efficiently repairing the damaged DNA radicals free the by preventing agents antiaging as macrophage activity, and reducing apoptosis in cytokines lymphocytes. They of act secretion activity, responses, upregulating the lymphocyte proliferation of enhancement both cellular and immune humoral through immunomodulation inducing by immunity known to cure are several They human ailments hormones. and and enhance minerals E), D, C, B, A, chlorine, magnesium and and calcium salts, silicon vitamin (viz.iron, acid, citric and succinic carbolic, manganese, and sodium phosphate, sulphur, and al. (Dhama health human and approach therapeutic for poultry,livestock, and been proposed as an alternate and useful prophylactic PANCHGAVYA THERAPY/CHIKITSA (COWPATHY) the of humans. versatility the panchgavya for safeguarding health of animals elaborates and review This rheumatoid arthritis, asthma; and lucorrhoea,arthritis, diseases/ cough; colds, allergies, leucoderma, flu, viz., following disorders the prophylactic in for purposes therapeutic beneficial and useful be al. (Sumithra chicken) layer in disease Castle New also helps in ameliorating certain viral diseases (e.g. (Mathivanan broilers for promoter such as composition plant a with along used when Panchgavya 2012). microbial as well (Mathivanan as chemical of proposition better to due promoter growth a as 2011). Sankarganesh, Fermented panchgavya (at and 30 growth days of age) is useful with (Joseph effect promotion antifungal additional having at higher dilution is used as a media bacteriological of micro-organism useful for soil fertility. enhancer growth promising is dilutions Panchagavyaappropriate (Dhama alternative pollution, cowpathy an is excellent fungal background this in toxins, environmental metals, heavy to pesticides, agrochemicals, due drastically , 2008). Panchgavya products are rich in nitrogen , 2013). Panchgavya Therapy / Chikitsa (Cowpathy) has Panchgavya products have been suggested to suggested been have products Panchgavya Andrographis paniculata t al. et Vol. 16, No. 1&2, January-December, 2014 January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. , 2006a; Mathivanan and Edwin, and Mathivanan 2006a; , al. et 20a. muiy s reducing is Immunity 2005a). , , 2013). Panchagavya in Panchagavya 2013). , al. et et et al. , 2005a; Mathivanan , 2005a; Mathivanan can act as a growth , 2006b). It 2006b). , al. et et et www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 urea; minerals and salt; 2.5% hormones and The enzymescontents of cow urine include 95% water; 2.5% body. the in elements several of level the balance Dhama 1996; (Tietze, diseases several treating in useful of salts and various medications prepared from it are Dhama enhancing immune responses (Kumar in Panchagavya of component integral an as acts including cow urinemedicine (Ogunshe alternative to shifting people in resulted COW URINE human health is in presented and Figure 1. immune-enhancing therapeutic perspectives in safeguarding animal regarding and (cowpathy) therapy panchgavya of overview An 2013a). , al. et (Dhama in New (e.g. layerdisease Castle chicken) shown an ameliorative effect on certain viral diseases productivity of the broiler industry. Panchgavya have alternative to antibiotic growth promoter and enhance a plant like like a plant growth medium. Panchgavya, when used along with microbiological successful a as act can properties antifungal Marked growth. promote that properties also provide additional they antifungal that considering properties expensive less andare they otherthat for simple and naturally derived bacteriological media 2005a). Panchagavya can act as a promising source (Dhama DNA damaged the and repair efficiently formation radicals free prevent they agents, consequently helping host lymphocytes, to in survive and fight apoptosis infection. lessen As antiaging secretion of cytokines and activity macrophage and proliferation, lymphocyte upregulates responses, elements enhance both cellular and humoral immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and diabetes. immunodeficiency acquired cancer, like diseases deadly and etc.; obesity infestations, worm intoxication, chemical aging, infections; viral tuberculosis, chicken pox, leprosy and other bacterial/healing; skin infections/diseases, psoriasis, eczema; and dietary gastrointestinal track hepatitis; disorders, acidity, ulcer; disorders, wound renal pressure, blood diseases, heart hyperlipidaemia; alopecia, ora o Imnlg n Immunopathology and Immunology of Journal Ill-effects Ill-effects of heavy medication of allopathy have s muoouaoy gns panchavya agents, immunomodulatory As et et al. 20a.Cwuiecnb sd to used be can urine Cow 2005a). , al. et Andrographis paniculata, Andrographis , 2005a). Cow urine contains 24 types Cow urine contains , 2005a). acgva mueehnig n Teaetc Perspectives Therapeutic and Immune-enhancing Panchgavya: et al. , 2010). Cow urine can act as an as act can et al. , 2004a; , al. et ie miiln Ioizd Clotrimazole, Isoniazid, is It 2002). (Joshi, Rifampicin Ampicillin, Cyanocobalamine, like et al. properties Industrial (Finley, 2003; and Dhama medicinal beneficial its Scientific for India (CSIR), Research of Council to granted Patents [U.S. cancers against in fighting helps and patients tuberculosis in drugs of bioenhancer a as acts it infections; bacterial with control help along antibiotics use Its drugs. anti-cancer and fungal best the of bioenhancer of one commonly used potent is antibiotica is drugs, urine) anti- cow of urine (distillate Ark appetizers. Cow problems. skin untreatable diseases viz. cancer, AIDS, diabetes and in It is and viruses. proved useful bacteria resistant (Sanganal rats effects are Antimicrobial seen on a of number drug- albino Wistar in injuries, which is proved with excision wound model hastens the It process of responses. wound immune healing humoral due as to well externalas cellular both enhances and macrophages the activates It “Amrita”- beverages of immortality) (Barnett, 1988). or life of (water origin animal of secretion effectual general health and is considered as one of the most the immune competence and helps to develop better (Chauhan (Chauhan the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antibody titres in mice enhance both T and B cell proliferation and increase It and 2) acids. is and shown to amino interleukin-1 of secretion via (increases cytokines enhancement 2001a; Chauhan, 2003). Cow urine helps in immune effects and effects in imbalances the body (Chauhan 2014). the corrosion of pipelines (Ugochukwu and Sunday, has been used to control microbes thereby reducing and it properties has anti-microbial Urine products. a major problem in transmission of oil and petroleum pipelines oil by of formation of multi- Corrosion microbial biofilms hasscience. been of has fields various in used urine Cow antidote. disciplinary beneficial actions and it an has been widely as acting is capable urine cow of destroying in diseases Copper and etc. comprehensively lactose and cytokine and ammonia; phosphates & potassium; urea sulphur, & uric acid; iron; amino nitrogen acids and & enzymes; potash, manganese acid; carbonic (Bhadauria, 2002); Calcium & phosphorus; salts and our a cpblt o rmvn mn ill- many removing of capability has Gomutra , 2010)]. Bioenhancement is observed with drugs et al. , 2001a, 2004). Cow urine augments et al. t al. et , 2005a,b; Jain 2011). , et et al. 3 , www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 al. causing bark Fusarium disease in (Gotora coffee against effective be (Ravikumar, 2007). Cow helianthi urine has also been Alternaria found to spp, Rhizopus oligosporus, Aspergilus oryzae, Curvularia ( agents & quinolones of flavoquinolones. fungicidal Cow urine presence is useful for the many fungal to significant due properties possesses It Its antibiotics. prevents drugs. of antibiotics with doses development of along resistance of in microorganisms against administration reduction facilitates and use its on cancer urinary tract effect direct has for MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line). Cow urine known to increase effectiveness of taxol (paclitaxel) safeguarding animal animal and human health safeguarding in perspectives and therapeutic 1: immune-enhancing therapy of panchgavya Figure An overview regarding 4 , 2014). Recently, a study was conducted to prove    Ghee Curd Helps properHelps in Probiotic purifierBlood Milk digestion Fusarium oxysporum, Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps oxysporum, Fusarium         Toned milk aftermother’s Best propertyAntimicrobial Fungicidal Anticancer Eye R Source educe educe K Dhama, SK Khurana, K Karthik, R Tiwari, YPS Malik and RS Chauhan RS and Malik YPS Tiwari, R Karthik, K Khurana, SK Dhama, K Fusarium lateritium, lateritium, Fusarium tonic milk of vitaminKof acidity acidity Panchgavya Cow Dung Cow & – effect ldsoim spp. Cladosporium protein source protein      Skin tonic, cures eczema, curespsoriasiseczema, Skin tonic, agent Antifungal malaria& TB Killspathogens paste tooth to Alternate properties Antiseptic - a fungus a Properties and Uses and Properties et ) Tuberculosis, Wound diseases,renal Heart Flu against: Used cough cough chicken disorders , allergies, colds, , aureus include which the effectiveness of cow urine against several bacteria hydrophila foot, ringworm Cow etc.). foot, ringworm urine has also been used is helpful in skin and nail of feet problems (athlete’s for Cow It shave. urine as is pest useful repellent. also useful is It cold. and massaging/rubbing and hair ache growth, and as an throat after- in helpful is urine with Gargling illnesses. minor prevent can which tonic fine a is urine cow morning of stream (Mohanty factor antiaging an as acts and formation radicals against hydrophila activity highest the Micrococcus luteus. healing pox,leprosy , hepatitis , , , Salmonella , 2014; Pareek Pareek 2014; , al. et (Sarsar (Sarsar Vol. 16, No. 1&2, January-December, 2014 January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. , , neoatr aerogenes Enterobacter ails cereus Bacillus Effects on poultry t al. et It was found that cow urine had Typhimurium, Typhimurium,       Ark- medicines made   CUC Pestrepellant Anti Reduces development development Reducesof Antimicrobial Wound Immune vitalminerals Contains hypoglycemic effectshypoglycemic antibiotic resistanceantibiotic by distilling urine 21) I peet free prevents It 2013). ,     - - Increases egg egg quality Increases immunity Enhances Increases body weight Increases Immunomodulatory anticonvulsant, anticonvulsant, aging factor aging & quantity & effects healing propertyhealing , 2015). Middle 2015). , al. et enhancer . cereus B. , , Staphylococcus Cow urine Cow effects Aeromonas and and and , A.

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Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 Chaudhuri, 2006; Prashith Kekuda Kekuda Prashith 2006; Chaudhuri, and (Panthi roundworm) (intestinal and helminthes (Shukla (Shukla activ anti-urolithiatic possess to found been also has urine cow distilled Medicinally 2005a,b). , al. et and 3-11 folds against Gram-positive bacteria against to 5-7 folds rifampicin of the efficacy (Dhama agents Saxena 2002; anticancer (Khanuja, and in antimicrobial antifungal, resistance distillate of cow urine that enhances the activities of of patent has been submitted in the United States for a development 2002). (Bhadauria, A to antibiotics microorganisms it prevents antibiotics, with along given When medicines). anticancer and antifungal (antibiotics, drugs used which has been proven as a bioenhancer (Krishnamurthi (distillate) “Ark” as the of commonly prepared by collecting bioenhancer a vapours as of distilled acts (Dhama urine, also known it and cancer, tract urinary in effective is cancer. Cow urine fighting for anywithout effects side therapeutic or prophylactic / Chikitsa” could serve as an alternate o uie a as fud o ae detoxification properties (Maurya have to found also was urine Cow Sharma al. et a Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli aerogenes coli E. aureus, Staphylococcus ( bacteria pathogenic by caused diseases treating in effective highly is CUC 2015). Achliya 1983; liver (anticonvulsant, against useful disorders, and fever, inflammations actions effects, major & anaemia) (Oyebola, with hypoglycemic components fifty pharmacological over containing preparation herbal popular a is (CUC) concoction Jarald Jarald etc (Maheshwari disease, Parkinson Athletes feet, tetanus, fever, eczema fatigue, asthma, ear wounds, stones, disease, leprosy, hepatitis, heart depression, ulcer, obesity,gastric infections, constipation, tuberculosis, enteritis, pox, small bacterial/viral pox, aging, chicken infections, arthritis, colds, allergies, ora o Imnlg n Immunopathology and Immunology of Journal s s footbath with good results (Gunter, 1997; Saxena Cow urine has an ameliorating effect against flu, , 2004; Dhama Dhama 2004; , et al. et et et al. et al. et al. et ); opportunistic fungi ( fungi opportunistic ); , 2008; Jain and Mishra, 2011). “Cow 2011). Mishra, and Jain 2008; , , 2013; Randhawa and Sharma, 2015). , 2013). , 2005b). Most of the medicines are medicines the of Most 2005b). , et al. et et al. et al. , 2003, Choudhary and Goyal, and Choudhary 2003, , , 2004; Dhama acgva mueehnig n Teaetc Perspectives Therapeutic and Immune-enhancing Panchgavya: t al. et , 2015). , 2004). It increases It 2004). , al. et 20a. o urine Cow 2005a). , Aspergillus niger Aspergillus ails subtilis, Bacillus & & et al. Enterobacter t al. et et et al. , 2005a,b; , 2004), 2010; , E. E. coli ity ) Singh marked antifungal activity (Bellamy (Bellamy activity antifungal marked B vitamin and lactoperoxidase lysozyme, lactoferrin, (IgA), immunoglobulins to due are effects antimicrobial Its content. protein low its to due has disorders kidney and in useful medicines been has milk Cow properties. fungicidal administering for suitable a medium is It diabetes. and tumours, pain, and (Dhama protective role in human health and is easily of the digestible best vitalisers for human health. It plays a bio- has low value and calorific low It is cholesterol. one It C. and group complex B A, vitamins carotenes, contains vitamins, and calcium protein, nutrients, most essential nutrients. It is a rich source of micro- 2007). COW MILK Kalaiarasi, reported (Kumar cellular and immune responses in chicks have also been Immunomodulatory effects on both the humoral and (Mathivanan effects on body weight gains have been documented birds, along with haematological profiles and positive serum protein, glucose, calcium, cholesterol) in laying Beneficial effects on serum biochemical profile (total Crtn” VtmnA i cw ik s od for good is It nutrients. of milk absorption better allows It cow eyesight. in A) (Vitamin “Carotene” egg production and quality (Garg (Garg quality and production egg lymphocyte proliferation activity, and could enhance with upregulates conjunction practices, vaccination in effects protective good rendering by poultry of and as an after-shave option. cure of infections, massaging/rubbing, for hair growth factor. Other uses include - vaginal douche helpful in an antiaging as acts hence and formation, radicals lure of a youth can be maintained as it prevents free several cure 2002). can it Sharma, as and (Chauhan non-toxic is and disorders effective most is cows Gosavi 2001b; also repairs the damaged DNA (Chauhan (Chauhan DNA damaged the repairs also Cow Cow milk serves a vital role in meeting needs of Cow urine could augment immunocompetence Regarding general health, by its regular use, the Cow urine aids the survival of lymphocytes. It lymphocytes. of survival the aids urine Cow et al. et et al. 12 , 2004; Dhama bnig rti. atfri B shows B Lactoferrin protein. -binding , 2005a). It is effective in curing fever in curing is effective It , 2005a). et et al. et al. , 2011). The of the Indian urine , 2004b). et al. , 2005a; Mete, 2009). t al. et t al. et 2004). , 1994; , t al. et 5 , www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 Ghee (Clarifled butter: Butter-fat). It was observed Butter-fat). butter: Ghee (Clarifled and milk) (Butter Lassi Yoghurt,cheese), (cottage women. Other products are Khoa (Mava) Chhana and pregnant children malnourished for of proteins good nutritive value. Toned milk is a valuable source pyridoxine could serve as an economical and foodD A, vitamin having added with milk cow’s of powder and cells (Lock Garnsworthy,milk Skimmed 2003). acid prevents uncontrolled spread of cancer-affected skin cancer (Dhamaand breast colon, of risk reduces It agent. cancer anti- potential a is milk cow of component fat The (Dhama It is being used as an essential part of “Panchamrit” Linn.) can act as rejuvenator and aphrodisiac agent. leaves or beans or on ( Ikshu of of people (Sánchez reduce blood pressure which will increase the been health not has elucidated (Visioli and Strata, mechanism 2014). Whey proteins exact the but activity antidiabetic have to shown were products its and and (Nautiyal, smooth 2002; Mete, 2009). Cow milk Cream or ghee from cow’s milk renders the skin fair stress. oxidative neutralises it antioxidant, natural and As patients. diabetic for diseases good is It obesity. heart checks coronary of risk decreases fat content as to compared that of thus buffalo milk, providing, and is good energy is for health, heart for tonic anda is brain.milk Cow immunity. It has lesser 6 ( be used as a (Bettiol fungicidal ( mildew powdery against properties fungicidal got also has It 2006). 1996; Meisl, 2005). (Daly anaemia against protects milk the in prevents hemorrhagic which K disease vitamin of of newborn, source as rich folic a is acid milk present necessary for bodyblen good developmentvery a is of It young adults. ones. Cow’s and milk after a mother’s good food for supplement feeding infant for best is milk Cow ulcer. peptic of helps in reducing acidity, and thus reduces chances B 2007). and Smith, It is a like rich of source vitamins Terminalia arjuna 2 , B The milk of a red or black cow fed on Arjuna on fed cow black or red a of milk The Cow milk has anti-aging properties (Sworirajan, 3 and vitamin A and Zinc, and helps in increasing , 2005a; Rastogi and Kaphle, 2011). Kaphle, and Rastogi 2005a; , al. et ) and can and ) fuliginea Sphaerotheca ), ), Mash ( K Dhama, SK Khurana, K Karthik, R Tiwari, YPS Malik and RS Chauhan RS and Malik YPS Tiwari, R Karthik, K Khurana, SK Dhama, K et al. et al. , 2005b). Conjugated linoleic , 2011). Phaseolus Phaseolus mungo Saccarum officinarum Saccarum falte nutrients the all of d et et al. , 1999; Francis Linn.) , al. et et et al. sedative. as used activity in rats against carbon tetra chloride (Achliya be hepatoprotective shows may also ghrita Panchagavya ghee cow’s and with formulation Ayurvedic (Kaur honey with combination in used when wounds of herbals can cure skin diseases and facilitate healing 2001). Cow ghee in combination with certain selected in delayed got type hypersensitivity (DTH) has (Fulzele It adhesion, haemagglutination neutrophil (HA) asthma. titre increase and is it helpful and potential: and immunostimulant preventing paralysis in helps It controlling patients. heart and cholesterol for good purifier, also is blood and agent, antiageing good a is It healthy. tendons and enhances physical It and infections. mental to health, resistance keepsbody’s muscles and intelligence COW GHEE Chauhan, 2004). and (Singh it bullocks in power buffaloes, draught milched In enhances production. Concentrated whey increases parasitism. intestinal and diarrhoea treat to calves neonatal to given is and zira. For animal health also, the whey with salts salt black with or sugar with either used been has proteinaceous as et al. well (Dhama as acid fatty 3-hydroxylated and compounds acid) phenyllactic harmful of bacteria dipeptides, (cyclic metabolites antifungal produces growth producing acid Lactic control or microorganisms. check to helps nutritive and as ailments inuseful it gastrointestinal digestive, reliable a is milk) butter or (whey control helps it infections in probiotic, a non-drug manner. Cow curd (Dahi) efficient or an As gastrointestinal items. and piles disorders. It is one of the most problems, wholesome of all food related blood- in “Pitta”, useful found and “Tridoshnashak” COW CURD (DAHI) 2004; 2004; Dhama Agarwal, and (Singh it avoiding those than weight more 70% lost products dairy got who ers diet that o ge ipoe mmr, oc, vision, voice, memory, improves ghee Cow It is as considered “Vatanashak”, blood purifier, , 2005a; Schnürer and Magnusson, 2005). Curd , 200 et al. 3). , 2001; Simon Vol. 16, No. 1&2, January-December, 2014 January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. et et al. , 2005a). et al. E. officinalis E. , 2008). Panchagavya , G., glabra et al. , www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 antifungal properties (Dhama COW DUNG with different herbs, ark etc. are available. Many of available. are etc. ark herbs, with different tea, anti-dandruff oil, massage shampoo, paste/powder, beauty’ soap, oil, tea, combinational products hair tooth as cosmetics, such elements PANCHGAVYA PRODUCTS and Singh Fulekar, 2010). 2008; Fulekar, and for (Geetha effective dung cow of be use to found is pesticides various of bioremediation The 2006). Singhal, and autoimmunity and hypersensitivity reaction (Chauhan their harmful effect by causing immunosuppression, (Palanisami recently developed been have repellents mosquito friendly eco- dung-based Cow 2009). (Kulkarni, changes it pure but once it has been laid on the ground awhile, is cow dung Fresh vision. the eyes improves which be avoided. of reactions) biopesticides on animal hypersensitivity as and well as human autoimmunity health could microbial larger and higher population; of thus nutrients harmful of effects presence (immunosuppression, the concentration of because various of pesticides bioremediation for useful be to found degrade drug like enrofloxacin (Wicklow, 1992). It is addition in and lignocellulose & NRRL6464 stercoreus (strain basidiomycetes ecosystem for studying fate of drugs. Isolation of two 2002; Lehr Frisvad, and (Dorothy activity antifungal boost that CK2801B) & (CK2108A compounds Patulodin-like bovifimosum substance inhibits growth of Corprophilous Antifungal fungi. T.B. and Malaria of germs and Fresh putrefaction. cow dung is found to kill the fermentation disease, cause that micro-organisms a good alternate for chemical toothpastes. It destroys neem leaves is crushed good for boils with and heat rashes on skin. It prepared is Mixture gangrene. as skin tonic, and is useful in psoriasis, eczema and ora o Imnlg n Immunopathology and Immunology of Journal Cow dung possesses antiseptic, antibacterial and The general products obtained from panchgavya ashes in results a from lot Smoke of from tears et al. hs asd osblt o degrading of possibility raised has ) , 2006). It can act as a relevant model rsn i cw ug produces dung cow in present , 2014). Pesticides exert Pesticides 2014). , al. et acgva mueehnig n Teaetc Perspectives Therapeutic and Immune-enhancing Panchgavya: et al. C. stercoreus stercoreus C. , 2005a) and acts Eupenicillium Cyathus can Achliya GS, Kotagale NR, Wadodkar SG and Dorle AK Dorle and SG Wadodkar NR, Kotagale GS, Achliya REFERENCES and Universities Institutes. respective their acknowledge ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the public about its virtues. low-cost alternate therapy which and this is safe, and thus inspire confidence strengthen in researchers will clinicians A scientists, of available. is effort combined literature scant since validation efforts regarding establishing scientific evidences and of cowpathy in therapy disease animal needs many world and due to in change habits. food Application emerging diseases, and health problems of the new against various disorders/ailments, emerging and re- benefits out of panchgavya usage in Due terms of energy. fighting cheaper attention of needs to source be given for alternate getting an optimum as health nutrition, poverty alleviation, and unemployment, and of shortage of food grains, fuel, shelter, good health, about the benefits of panchgavya and can solve problems public. the and Awareness society the in popularity commercialisation, trials, clinical supports, research and validation scientific further through would expand usage Its usages. beneficial other with along applications biomedical immense with for various ailments/diseases of humans and animals CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 2013a; Randhawa and Kullar, 2011). chain, cowpathy are coming to food force (Dhama in residues alternative therapeutic and approaches like antibiotic panchgavya/ of resistance drug presence antibiotics, of effects side increase al. growth, of and humans their animals (Dhama companion promote health safeguard to and help immunocompetence, products these , 2005a,b, 2013a). In the scenario of the harmful In scenario the 2013a). , 2005a,b, 311. hia gis cro ttahoie induced tetrachloride carbon in hepatotoxicity rats. against ghrita panchagavya of activity Hepatoprotective (2003). and thank manuscript the of authors the All Panchgavya is positively an encouraging solution Indian Indian J. Pharmacol., et al. , 2005a, 35 : : 308- et 7 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 hua R,Snh P iga L,Arwl K and DK Agrawal LK, Singhal BP, Singh RS, Chauhan (2001b). LK Singhal and BP Singh RS, Chauhan of effects Harmful (2006). L Singhal and RS Chauhan Chauhan RS and Singh BP (2001). Panchgavya dwara Panchgavya (2001). BP Singh and RS Chauhan hua R ad hra (02. ei ao ki gayo Desi (2002). R Sharma and RS Chauhan Bhadauria H (2002). Gomutra-ek chamatkari aushadhi chamatkari Gomutra-ek (2002). H Bhadauria (1999). AJB. Luiz and BD Astiarraga W, Bettiol Chauhan Chauhan RS (2005). Cowpathy: a new version of ancient 8 (cowpathy): therapy Panchgavya (2004). RS Chauhan rogpratirodhi se Panchgavya (2003). RS Chauhan rem Animal-based (2008). RRN Alves elm W Ymuh K Wkbysi , aae M, Takase H, Wakabayashi K, Yamauchi W, Bellamy Water therapy. urine of miracles The (1988). B Bartnett of use the study Why (2005). IL Rosa and RRN Alves yais o mrv Hat ad Production., of and Health In Pantnagar, Structural Improve to Animal on Enhancement Dynamics Symposium with mice National in and (2001a). IAVA of leucocytes Convention XVI Annual In: ark. of Kamdhenu AK phagocyticactivity Singh Immunopathol. Immunol. mice. in Ark Kamdhenu with Immunomodulation Sci. J. Cow cowpathy. through control their and pesticides prakritik chikitsa. chikitsa. prakritik gayon se tulna. tulna. ki se nasl gayon videshi evam sankar unki thatha upyogita Patrika therapy). magical a – urine (cow 489-492. conditions. ( greenhouse mildew powdery of squash cow’s zucchini milk Effectiveness against science. science. current status and future directions. directions. Cow., future and status current vridhi. me chamta eie fo te -emnl ein f bovine of region N-terminal lactoferrin. the from peptide a derived B, lactoferricin of properties Antifungal (1994). M. Tomita and S Shlmamura N, Takakura Florida. Hollywood, Institute, Life of medicines? traditional in Ethnomed. Ethnobiol. products animal Brazil. Komplementarmedizin. in medicine complementary 1 , , : : 3-7. 5 Employment News Employment : 71-74. : , , Lett. Appl. Microbiol., Microbiol., Appl. Lett. 2 dia. (1): 61–70. (1): Pashupalan., K Dhama, SK Khurana, K Karthik, R Tiwari, YPS Malik and RS Chauhan RS and Malik YPS Tiwari, R Karthik, K Khurana, SK Dhama, K Asian Kisan Sansar, Kisan Asian Prakriti Smarika., Prakriti partea fuliginea Sphaerotheca , , 1 , , : 5. : 15 , , Crop Protection, Protection, Crop 3 4: 226-227. (4): , XXX , 74-77. : 31-33. Vishwa Ayurveda Vishwa 18 15 : 230-233. : pp. 9. pp. : 1-2. :

Forschende 2 h Indian The (3): 29-31. (3): de as edies 18 in ) (8): Int. J. J. Garg N, Kumar A, Chauhan RS, Sinhgal LK and Lohani and LK Sinhgal RS, Chauhan Kumar N, A, Garg life the in cow of Role (2002). RS Chauhan and N Garg (2001). AK Dorle and PM Satturwar SV, Fulzele Francis Francis FJ and Smith VL (2007). The effect of milk-based for therapies targeted of Overview (2003). RS Finley Dhama K, Chauhan RS and Singhal LK (2005b). Anti- (2005b). LK Singhal and RS Chauhan K, Dhama Dorothy ET and Frisvad JC (2002). (2002). JC Frisvad and ET Dorothy S Tomar and RS Chauhan R, Rathore K, Dhama hm K Carbry ad iai (2013a). R Tiwari and S Chakraborty K, Dhama Dhama S, Dhama K, Wani Mahima, MY,Chakraborty Verma AK, Daly A, Mac Donald A, Aukett A, Williams J, Wolf A, Wolf J, Williams A, Aukett A, Donald Mac A, Daly Various on AAGoyal Review (2015). and S Choudhary Singh DD, Singh RS, Chauhan quality quality traits of eggs in layers. and on production the of cow urine Effect M (2004). India. Pantnagar, 2002, December 31, 30- Areas; Mountains in on Livelihoods and Security Symposium International Systems for Food Production Livestock Sustainable being. human of ghee. cow’s of activity Immunopathol. Immunol. Immunostimulant 663. 15. mildew. powdery with pumpkins of field components on yield sprays foliar cancer. manure in Wyoming. Wyoming. in manure umbovifimosum directions. cancer activity of cow urine: current status and future 1 Cow Sc., J. Int. overview. an Panchgavya: (2005a). Anim. Vet. Sci., Vet. Anim. health of animals and safeguarding humans – A in review. (Cowpathy) therapy Panchgavya mrig hrpe sfgadn hat of health review. A Sci., Biol. J. Pak. animals: safeguarding companion their and humans therapies emerging and Novel (2013b). S Kapoor and R Tiwari R, Deb 2. 2. and interlukin-1 the on urine cow of Effect (2004). nei i inr iy odes y n iron an by toddlers 75 city inner formula. cows’ milk supplemented in of Prevention anaemia (1996). IW. Booth and J Davidson Urine. Lett., Sci. indicus Pharm. Bos of Activities Biological (1): 1-15. (1): : 9-16. : J. Immunol. Immunopathol. Immunol. J. Vol. 16, No. 1&2, January-December, 2014 January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. Am. J. Health. P., Health. J. Am. Int. J.Cow Sc., Sc., J.Cow Int.

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Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 ukri K 20) Hn bo o experimental of book Hand (2009). SK Kulkarni and SD Sivanesan D, Dutta K, Krishnamurthi composition Pharmaceutical (2002). SPS. Khanuja Kaur S, Dayal R, Varshney VK and Bartley JP.(2001). Bartley and VK Varshney R, Dayal S, Kaur cattle and (Panchgavya) MMCow therapy Joshi (2002). Antifungal (2011). P Sankarganesh and B Joseph Jain N and Mishra RN (2011). Adaptogenic activity of activity Adaptogenic (2011). RN Mishra and N Jain aad E Ewn , iai , ag ad op E Toppo and R Garg V, Tiwari S, Edwin EE, Jarald Jain NK, Gupta VB, Garg R and Silawat N (2010). Efficacy utr W 19) Booia ad environmental and Biological (1997). EW Gunter Gotora T,Masaka Sungirai and L M (2014). Effect of Cow oai D Scdv ad aw K (2011). K Salwe and D Sachdev DD, Gosavi eta ad uea M (08. irmdain of Bioremediation (2008). MH Fulekar and M Geetha ora o Imnlg n Immunopathology and Immunology of Journal Delhi. 3 pharmacology. human in urine with Sci., cow’s challenged chemicals. genotoxic established of polymorphonuclearleukocytes redistillate and distillate of effect Protective (2004). T Chakrabarti antibiotic. an www.patft.uspto.gov. 6410059. and Patent US distillate urine cow containing 886. resin of of resin and heartwood of oils essential of analysis GC-MS Vishva in speech India. Delhi, IIT, New Sammelan. Inaugural economy. based 585-588. efficacy of panchagavya. Biomed. Sci. Biomed. Extract. mega Trikatu 1953. 46 cow using prepared urine. preparation (2008). Antidiabetic activity of cow urine and a herbal survey. Pharm., A India: district, Mandsaur in patients cancer various on therapy urine cow of pcmn akn a te etr fr disease for centers the prevention. and at control banking specimen in Fungus Coffee http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/986068 pages Important an Zimbabwe. Fusarium of lateritium, Characteristics Growth the on Urine muoouaoy n atoiat fet of effect antioxidant and rats. in ark gomutra Immunomodulatory etcds n ufc si tetet nt using unit Technol., treatment consortia. soil microbial surface in pesticides 1-1: 789-792. (10-11): 17 (3): 247-256. (3): 4 hra Robusta Shorea

2 : 29-35. : (2): 36-45. (2): Int. J. Agronomy. J. Int. , , 2 (2): 570-574. (2): rd edition. Vallabh Prakashan, New Vallabh Prakashan, edition. J. MGIMS., MGIMS., J. acgva mueehnig n Teaetc Perspectives Therapeutic and Immune-enhancing Panchgavya: fia J Evrn Si & Sci. Environ. J. African n. . e. hraet & Pharmaceut. Res. J. Int. Int. J. PharmTech Res., Chemosphere., Chemosphere., . . Planta Med., Med., Planta AtceI 808 4 986068, ID Article 16 Biomed. Environ. Biomed. (ii): 37-41. (ii): n. . Green J. Int. Pharm. Pharm. Biol., 34 67 : 1945– : 883– : 3 (1): Mathivanan R, Edwin SC, Amutha R and Viswanathan and R Amutha SC, Edwin R, Mathivanan Mathivanan R, Mathivanan Edwin SC and R Amutha Effect (2008). of ahvnn ad di S (02. fet of Effects (2012). SC Edwin and R Mathivanan Rahal Mahima, A, Deb R, SK, Latheef Samad HA, Tiwari K, Karthik R, Tiwari AK, Verma AM, Ingle Mahima, ahvnn ad aaaai (07. Panchagavya (2007). K Kalaiarasi and R Mathivanan Maheshwari AK, Gupta AK, and Das AK. (2004). Effect of Lock Lock AL and Garnsworthy OC (2003). Seasonal variation Lehr NA, Meffert A, Antelo L, Sterner O, Anke H. and Weber Kumar Kumar R, Chauhan RS, LK, Singhal Singh AK and Singh DD Singh and RS Chauhan GK, Singh P, Kumar rmtr n rie pouto ad carcass and production characteristics. broiler on promoter and paniculata Panchagavya (2006b). K Poult. Sci., Sci., Poult. broilers. of efficiency conversion feed and growth on supplementation Panchagavya dietary netnl otn caatrsis intestinal Res., Agric. characteristics, on broilers. in flora gut and morphology promoters content growth intestinal antibiotic to alternatives medicines. ethnoveterinary of and / indigenous (2012). traditional herbal, potentials K therapeutic Dhama and and A Immunomodulatory Kumar AK, Verma R, day review. in a life: say to Immunomodulators (2013). K Dhama and R Rathore S, Rajagunalan R, Deb S, Chakraborty eu bohmcl aaees n immunse and parameters broilers. of status biochemical haematological, on serum promoters growth antibiotic and wounds. on urine cow 59. activity in dairy cows. cows. dairy in activity and acid linoleic conjugated milk in FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., Ecol., Microbiol. FEMS coprophilous the fungus in the antibiosis and antifungal B of myrocin basis Antiamoebins, (2006). RWS D 20a. cmaaie study mice. comparative in A Immunopathol., Kusumakar Vasant (2004a). of Kamdhenu Ark effects and onimmunostimulatory DD lymphocyte on chicks. of Cow., Indian urine stages cow developing in of proliferation Effect (2004b). nrgahs paniculata Andrographis Stilbella erythrocephala erythrocephala Stilbella s lentvs o niitc growth antibiotic to alternatives as 43 Pak. J. Biol. Sci. Biol. J. Pak. 1 2 (7): 244-249. (7): (2): 189-192. (2): : : 3-5. Int. J. Poult. Sci., Sci., J. Int. Poult. 4 :104-106. J. Poult. Sci., Sci., Poult. J. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. Biol. J. Pak. Livest. Prod. Sci., Sci., Prod. Livest. The Indian Cow, Indian The 55 : 105–112. : , , 15 s lentvs to alternatives as (syn. (syn. (16): 754-774. (16): 44 5 (12): 1144-1150.(12): : 198-204. : Andrographis . Immunol. J.  , , Wudpecker J. Wudpecker S. fimetaria S. 16 9 -desaturase 1 : 826-843. : 79 : 19-24. : Indian J. Indian (1): 47- (1): The ). 9 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.59.242 on dated 14-Jan-2016 aaiai , aaaa E ad aam R (2014). R Rajamma and E. Natarajan S, Palanisami Oyebola Oyebola DD (1983). Cow’s urine concoction: its chemical Ogunshe Ogunshe AAO, Fawole AO and Ajayi VA (2010). Microbial of source novel a milk Cow’s (2002). CS Nautiyal Mohanty I, Senapati MR, Jena D and Palai S (2014). S Palai and D Jena MR, Senapati I, Mohanty Pareek M, S, Pareek Kumar Garg YadavAK, P SM Sharma and Antibacterial (2006). RP Chaudhury and MP Panthi Paliwal R, Sahni YP,Sahni R, Effect Paliwal Sen S (2013). SK and Singh ags , eu F lm ad lm S (2006). MS Alam and S Alam F, Begum A, Nargis Mete E (2009). Comparison of human milk, cow’s milk cow’s milk, human of Comparison (2009). E Mete es H 20) Bohmcl rpris f peptides of properties Biochemical (2005). H Meisl Maurya SK, Seth A, Laloo D, Singh NK, Gautam NK, Singh D, Laloo A, Seth SK, Maurya 10 and K Viswanathan SC, Edwin R, Mathivanan eeomn o eofinl hra mosquito herbal repellent. eco-friendly of Development opsto, hraooia atos n mode and of lethality. actions pharmacological composition, 5 cases: therapy. urine of pediatric implication health clinical in therapy alternative urine of as implications health public and evaluation Hai., Amrit Dudh Ka 86-98. pp. Delhi. New Gay Trust, Love4cow In: wealth. microbial f hray n Pamcuia Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacy of urine. cow of uses Diversified 21) Cw rn: poe tetet with treatment Technology & proper a urine: action. significant Cow (2015). Nepal. West from plants medicinal folklore selected some of activity f acgva n eta atos n lio rats. albino Monitor, in Science Pharma actions central on Panchgavya of 136. sorokiniana. sorokiniana. bipolaris of germination conidial on urine cow and effect plant cow of extracts, dung Inhibitory different 20-22. n ifn frua fr hi atfna effects 39 fungi. antifungal their environmental for against formulas infant and 12 in proteins. milk bovine encrypted hrpui atvte o pioos medicinal poisonous of of plants. modification activities and therapeutic detoxification for process DNG and Singh AK (2015). Sodhana: An Ayurvedic opsto ad niatra atvt o modified panchagavya. of activity antibacterial and microbial composition Chemical, (2006a). D Chandrasekaran : : 12. (1): 67-72. (1): : 1905-1919. : Anc. Sci. Life., Life., Sci. Anc. Journal of Innovative Biology Innovative of Journal Afr Afr J Med Med Sci., J. Bio-Sci., Bio-Sci., J. , , Int. J. Cow Sci. Cow J. Int. 6 (4): 7941-7950. (4): K Dhama, SK Khurana, K Karthik, R Tiwari, YPS Malik and RS Chauhan RS and Malik YPS Tiwari, R Karthik, K Khurana, SK Dhama, K International Journal International of Pharmacy Scientific World, World, Scientific 34 14 (4): 188–197. (4): 4 : 87-92. : (2): 3940-3946. (2): , , International Journal International 2 uk J Md Sci., Med. J. Turk. 12 (2): 23-26. (2): : : 57-63. Curr Curr Med Chem., Pan Afr Med J., Med Afr Pan 4 (4): 16-21. (4): , , 1 (3): 132- (3):

6 (3): Pramod TK and Palakshappa MG (2009). Evaluation of Evaluation MG (2009). Palakshappa and TK Pramod Randhawa GK and Kullar JS (2011). Bioremediation of Bioremediation (2011). JS Kullar and GK Randhawa SV, Kumar Praveen BC, Nishanth TR, Kekuda Prashith Pehrsson PR, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM, Perry CR and CR Perry JM, Holden DB, Haytowitz PR, Pehrsson M Kumar and AK Upadhyay MKS, Rajput GS, Parihar adaa K n Sam R (2015). R Sharma and GK Randhawa Ravikumar Patil HS (2007). Antifungal potency of cow of potency Antifungal (2007). HS Patil Ravikumar traditional Sustainable (2011). K Kaphle and S Rastogi áce ,Ksa ,Cnrrs dl , arn R, Carron M, Mdel Sánchez D, Kassan M, Contreras ageh V n Teaahn (00. Biofertilizer (2010). R Thevanathan and V Sangeetha VP, Tikare GM, Jayaramu K, Jayakumar JS, Sanganal Sarsar V,Sarsar R MK, Selwal KK, and TyagiPannu Selwal PK utbe usrts o o fr pouto of production farm on for antagonist substrates suitable with Gomeya/ Cow dung. dung. Cow Gomeya/ with petrochemicals and pesticides, pharmaceuticals, 1025-1027. activity. anthelmintic and with a antimicrobial agent potent concentrate: urine Kamal D, Sandeep M and Megharaj HK (2010). Cow Agri. Sci., Sci., Agri. Anal., Compost. and food sampling. food program: National analysis nutrient USDA’s (2000). DG Beckler Cow, Indian of cattle. urine descriptive non- and sahiwal in crossbred, profile mineral of Comparison (2004). hmteaetc oeta o Cw rn – A – Urine Cow of Review. potential Chemotherapeutic doi:10.5402/2011/362459 pages 7 362459, ID urine. urine. 10.1093/ecam/nen071 ancient Med., from inspirations science. veterinary the taking medicine: 186. h dvlpet f yetnin n involves and benefits. hypertension cardiovascular of development the attenuates hydrolysate casein a milk of intake term Long- (2011). MA Sevilla and MJ Montero I, Recio with seaweed extract. extract. seaweed with amended panchagavya and traditional of potential rats. Albino World., Vet. Wister in property healing wound on KL Paniraj and Swetha R (2011). Effect of cow urine 404. htatvtd o uie gis human against urine of cow activity antibacterial of photoactivated Evaluation (2013). Bio Sciences Bio Article ID 151435, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/ pages 6 151435, ID Article Vol. 16, No. 1&2, January-December, 2014 January-December, 1&2, No. 16, Vol. . necl. Ethnopharmacol., Intercult. J. 22 rcoem harzianum Trichoderma 4 1 (1): 115-117. (1): (7): 317-321. (7): : 8-11. : 13 , , : 379-389. : Evid. Based Compl. Alternative Compl. Based Evid. 1 : 4-5. : J. Am. Sci., Sci., Am. J. Pharmacol. Res., Pharmacol. ISRN Pharmacol ISRN J. Pharmacy Res., Res., Pharmacy J. 6 (2): 61-67. (2): . . antk J. Karnataka

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