DOCSLIB.ORG

Advisory on Decentralized Processing of Organic Waste

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Advisory on Decentralized Processing of Organic Waste 1 Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS June 2018 Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS www.mohua.gov.in June 2018 DISCLAIMER While utmost care has been taken in collecting the details of case studies and information given in this Advisory, it is made clear that any one desiring to replicate these processes/treatment methods shall make diligent enquiry on their suitability for specific requirement and usage. Ministry assumes no liability regarding the completeness, accuracy or adequacy of any process/treatment method mentioned, or for any loss which might arise out of adopting these for on-site and decentralised waste processing. Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste MESSAGE FROM HON’BLE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) HARDEEP S PURI Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Charge) Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste FOREWORD FROM SECRETARY- HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS DURGA SHANKER MISHRA In order to reduce the burden of unscientific handling of large volumes of Municipal Secretary Solid Waste, the ULBs need to shift their focus from centralised ‘single stream’ collection and ‘dump/Landfill disposal’ system to ‘multiple stream’ collection Ministry of Housing and scientific onsite/decentralised ‘processing’ system. Based on the stream of & Urban Affairs waste and its generation, the appropriate method of treatment/technology and the scale of treatment units (community/Ward/Division/Zone/City level) have to be selected and implemented. Organic or biodegradable waste, unlike the inorganic or non-biodegradable waste can primarily be treated at onsite or decentralised waste treatment facilities at lesser cost and more efficiently. The Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules 2016 published by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, emphasise on the adoption of decentralised waste management systems. This advisory is brought out for enabling implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, to promote onsite and decentralised organic solid waste treatment systems in the Country. It covers about 32 such onsite and decentralised technologies currently implemented successfully. The advisory has been prepared as user friendly and practical, as far as possible, duly incorporating the user’s feedbacks and contact information for all the technologies listed. The motto of this advisory is to bring about disruptive change in the current system of end of the chain waste treatment and make the onsite & decentralised organic solid waste treatment systems more common and adaptable. The described onsite and decentralised organic waste treatment methods may be used as references for the selection of the suitable method/practice by various stakeholders for managing their solid waste at source itself or as close to source as possible. I hope that this advisory will encourage various stakeholders of solid waste management to actively adopt the onsite and decentralised organic solid waste treatment technologies and reduce the amount of biodegradable waste from contaminating other waste and also from reaching the landfill or any other disposal facilities. List of Abbreviations ADS - Air Density Separator BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards BOD – Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand DAP – Diammonium phosphate CFL - Compact Fluorescent Lamp C:N ratio (or) C/N - Carbon to Nitrogen ratio CPHEEO – Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization FAS - Free Air Space FCO - Fertiliser Control Order GHG – Green House Gases HDPE - High-density polyethylene HH – Households ISWM - Integrated Solid Waste Management MRF - Material Recovery Facility MSW - Municipal Solid Waste O & M- Operation and Maintenance RPM- Rotations per Minute SBM - Swachh Bharat Mission STP - Sewage Treatment Plant SWM - Solid Waste Management Tbsp – Table spoon TPD - Tonnes per Day VFA - Volatile Fatty Acids VOC - volatile organic compounds Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste Contents Message from the Minister Foreword 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Solid Waste Management 1 1.2 3R Approach for Waste Minimization 1 1.3 Waste Generator Types 2 1.4 Waste Streams 3 1.5 Methods of Treating Municipal Organic Solid Waste 3 1.6 Factors Affecting Composting 5 1.7 Speeding up Composting 7 1.8 Compost Quality Standards for Sale of Compost 8 1.9 About the Advisory 10 1.10 Advantages of On-site and Decentralized Composting 10 1.11 Suitability of Technology 10 2. Waste to Compost systems 13 2.1 Waste to Compost systems for Individual Households, Small Communities, Apartments etc. up to 10 Households 14 2.2 Waste to Compost systems for Medium Sized Communities, Apartments, RWAs - for 11 – 300 Households; medium sized Offices, medium Hotels, Resorts, medium Schools, Canteens, Marriage Halls 31 2.3 Waste to Compost systems for large Communities, Apartments, RWAs, high rise buildings for 301 – 1000 Households; Large Offices, Large Hotels, Large Schools 51 Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste 2.4 Waste to Compost systems for Decentralized plants for more than 1000 Households operated by ULBs / Institutions / Outsourced agencies 57 2.5 Nirmalaya 64 End Note 68 Appendices I. Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 - SCHEDULE I 70 II. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 - SCHEDULE I 74 III. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 - SCHEDULE II 78 IV. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 - SCHEDULE III 85 V. List of Technology and Service Providers in Onsite and Decentralized Solid Waste Management 98 Bibliography 103 1 Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste 1. Introduction 1.1 Solid Waste Management economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the trash or garbage other environmental considerations. that is discarded in day to day activities in a human settlement. The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) state: system is based on the waste management hierarchy (see figure below), with the aim to reduce the amount Solid waste means and includes solid or semi-solid of waste being disposed, while maximizing resource domestic waste including sanitary waste, commercial recovery and efficiency. waste, institutional waste, catering and market waste and other non-residential wastes, street sweepings, 1.2 3R Approach for Waste Minimization silt removed or collected from the surface drains, The 3R Approach is aimed at optimising Municipal Solid horticulture waste, construction and demolition waste Waste (MSW) management in all the waste-generating- and treated biomedical waste excluding industrial cum-waste management activities, involving all the hazardous waste, biomedical waste and e-waste stakeholders (waste generators, service providers, generated in an area under urban local body. informal sector, regulators, government, and community or neighbourhoods). The adoption of 3R minimizes Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the science the waste being handled by the ULB and reduces the associated with the management of solid waste using public health & environmental risks associated with it. the best principles and practices of public health, MOST PREFERRED AT SOURCE Waste minimisation and sustainable use or multi use of products (e.g. REDUCTION Reuse of carry bags or packaging jars) AND REUSE RECYCLING Processing non-biodegradable waste to recover Recycling commercially valuable materials (e.g. Plastic, paper, metal, glass, e-waste recycling) COMPOSTING Processing biodegradable waste to recover compost (e.g. Windrow composting, in-vessel composting, vermi composting) WASTE TO Recovering energy before final disposal of waste (e.g. RDF, ENERGY biomethanation, co-processing of combustible non-biodegradable dry fraction of MSW, incineration) LANDFILLS Safe disposal of inert residual waste at sanitary landfills after recycling LEAST and reuse to the maximum extent possible. PREFERRED 2 Advisory on On-Site and Decentralized Composting of Municipal Organic Waste Reduce Institutional The concept of reducing waste generated by reducing Waste generated from Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, consumption is essential to waste management Hotels and Restaurants, Markets selling vegetables, hierarchy. The logic behind it is simple to understand – fruits, fish/meat etc., Community Halls, Religious if there is less of waste generated, then there is less to places, Function areas etc. recycle, reuse or to manage. The process of reducing begins with an examination of what is being used, Industrial/Trade what it is used for and how much it can be reduced. Waste generated from manufacturing and material It also involves modification of process and packaging; processing activities. substitution; minimization and elimination. Construction & Demolition Waste Reuse Waste comprising of building materials, debris and The reuse of items (for multiple times) or re-purposing rubble resulting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Particulars of Some Temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of Some
    Particulars of some temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of some temples of Kerala .............................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 9 Temples of Kerala ................................................................................. 10 Temples of Kerala- an over view .................................................... 16 1. Achan Koil Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 23 2. Alathiyur Perumthiri(Hanuman) koil ................................. 24 3. Randu Moorthi temple of Alathur......................................... 27 4. Ambalappuzha Krishnan temple ........................................... 28 5. Amedha Saptha Mathruka Temple ....................................... 31 6. Ananteswar temple of Manjeswar ........................................ 35 7. Anchumana temple , Padivattam, Edapalli....................... 36 8. Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple ......................................... 38 9. Arathil Bhagawathi temple ..................................................... 41 10. Arpuda Narayana temple, Thirukodithaanam ................. 45 11. Aryankavu Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 47 12. Athingal Bhairavi temple ......................................................... 48 13. Attukkal BHagawathy Kshethram, Trivandrum ............. 50 14. Ayilur Akhileswaran (Shiva) and Sri Krishna temples ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R
    THE PALGRAVE MACMILLAN ANIMAL ETHICS SERIES Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series Series Editors Andrew Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK Priscilla N. Cohn Pennsylvania State University Villanova, PA, USA Associate Editor Clair Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ethics of our treatment of animals. Philosophers have led the way, and now a range of other scholars have followed from historians to social scientists. From being a marginal issue, animals have become an emerging issue in ethics and in multidisciplinary inquiry. Tis series will explore the challenges that Animal Ethics poses, both conceptually and practically, to traditional understandings of human-animal relations. Specifcally, the Series will: • provide a range of key introductory and advanced texts that map out ethical positions on animals • publish pioneering work written by new, as well as accomplished, scholars; • produce texts from a variety of disciplines that are multidisciplinary in character or have multidisciplinary relevance. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14421 Kenneth R. Valpey Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies Oxford, UK Te Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series ISBN 978-3-030-28407-7 ISBN 978-3-030-28408-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28408-4 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2020. Tis book is an open access publication. Open Access Tis book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
    [Show full text]
  • Hwa-Byung:The
    FROM THE INSTRUCTOR In his prize-winning essay, “Hwa-Byung: The “Han”-Blessed Illness,” Wooyoung Cho taps a global skill set to shed new light on how culture shapes definitions of mental illness. His paper is an outstanding example of student-driven inquiry. I had never heard of the Korean culture-bound mental illness called hwa-byung when Wooyoung proposed this project. But even if I had, I would’ve had no idea where to find narratives about hwa-byung written by young men, let alone be able to translate them from Korean. (Are you curious yet?) In his research, Wooyoung learned that scholarly studies of hwa-byung have focused on middle-aged women and interpreted their symptoms as reflections of Korea’s patriarchal social structure. When he discovered that today more young men are being diagnosed with hwa-byung, he wanted to understand the social causes of their distress. One way he gathered evidence was by searching a Korean online forum and reading posts by young men about their hwa-byung experiences. When students in Marisa Milanese’s “Global Documentary” class read a draft of Wooyoung’s essay in a cross-section peer review exercise, they were understandably skeptical about his methodology. They asked for “a clearer understanding of why analyzing narratives is a credible method to gain insight into this illness.” Wooyoung responded with a revision that provided the theoretical framework necessary to explain the kind of authority those anonymous online posts have in the context of his project. He was wise to listen carefully to his readers.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Farming-Emerging Trends and Scope 709-717 Maneesha S
    ISSN 2394-1227 Volume– 6 Issue - 11 November - 2019 Pages - 130 Emerging trends and scope Indian Farmer A Monthly Magazine Volume: 6, Issue-11 November-2019 Sr. No. Full length Articles Page Editorial Board 1 Eutrophication- a threat to aquatic ecosystem 697-701 V. Kasthuri Thilagam and S. Manivannan 2 Synthetic seed technology 702-705 Sridevi Ramamurthy Editor In Chief 3 Hydrogel absorbents in farming: Advanced way of conserving soil moisture 706-708 Rakesh S, Ravinder J and Sinha A K Dr. V.B. Dongre, Ph.D. 4 Urban farming-emerging trends and scope 709-717 Maneesha S. R., G. B. Sreekanth, S. Rajkumar and E. B. Chakurkar Editor 5 Electro-ejaculation: A method of semen collection in Livestock 718-723 Jyotimala Sahu, PrasannaPal, Aayush Yadav and Rajneesh 6 Drudgery of Women in Agriculture 724-726 Dr. A.R. Ahlawat, Ph.D. Jaya Sinha and Mohit Sharma 7 Laboratory Animals Management: An Overview 727-737 Members Jyotimala Sahu, Aayush Yadav, Anupam Soni, Ashutosh Dubey, Prasanna Pal and M.D. Bobade 8 Goat kid pneumonia: Causes and risk factors in tropical climate in West Bengal 738-743 Dr. Alka Singh, Ph.D. D. Mondal Dr. K. L. Mathew, Ph.D. 9 Preservation and Shelf Life Enhancement of Fruits and Vegetables 744-748 Dr. Mrs. Santosh, Ph.D. Sheshrao Kautkar and Rehana Raj Dr. R. K. Kalaria, Ph.D. 10 Agroforestry as an option for mitigating the impact of climate change 749-752 Nikhil Raghuvanshi and Vikash Kumar 11 Beehive Briquette for maintaining desired microclimate in Goat Shelters 753-756 Subject Editors Arvind Kumar, Mohd.
    [Show full text]
  • Practice of Ayurveda
    PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA SWAMI SIVANANDA Published by THE DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY P.O. SHIVANANDANAGAR— 249 192 Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttaranchal, Himalayas, India 2006 First Edition: 1958 Second Edition: 2001 Third Edition: 2006 [ 2,000 Copies ] ©The Divine Life Trust Society ISBN-81-7052-159-9 ES 304 Published by Swami Vimalananda for The Divine Life Society, Shivanandanagar, and printed by him at the Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy Press, P.O. Shivanandanagar, Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttaranchal, Himalayas, India PUBLISHERS’ NOTE Sri Swami Sivanandaji. Maharaj was a healer of the body in his Purvashram (before he entered the Holy Order of Sannyasa). He was a born healer, with an extraordinary inborn love to serve humanity; that is why he chose the medical profession as a career. That is why he edited and published a health Journal “Ambrosia”. That is why he went over to Malaya to serve the poor in the plantations there. And, strangely enough, that is why, he renounced the world and embraced the Holy Order of Sannyasa. He was a healer of the body and the soul. This truth is reflected in the Ashram which he has established in Rishikesh. The huge hospital equipped with modern instruments was set up and the entire Ashram where all are welcome to get themselves healed of their heart’s sores and thoroughly refresh themselves in the divine atmosphere of the holy place. Sri Swamiji wanted that all systems of healing should flourish. He had equal love and admiration for all systems of healing. He wanted that the best of all the systems should be brought out and utilised in the service of Man.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Emotions Past, Present, Future Historia De Las Emociones: Pasado, Presente Y Futuro a História Das Emoções: Passado, Presente E Futuro
    Revista de Estudios Sociales 62 | Octubre 2017 Comunidades emocionales y cambio social The History of Emotions Past, Present, Future Historia de las emociones: pasado, presente y futuro A história das emoções: passado, presente e futuro Rob Boddice Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/revestudsoc/939 ISSN: 1900-5180 Publisher Universidad de los Andes Printed version Date of publication: 1 October 2017 Number of pages: 10-15 ISSN: 0123-885X Electronic reference Rob Boddice, “The History of Emotions”, Revista de Estudios Sociales [Online], 62 | Octubre 2017, Online since 01 October 2017, connection on 04 May 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ revestudsoc/939 Los contenidos de la Revista de Estudios Sociales están editados bajo la licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. 10 The History of Emotions: Past, Present, Future* Rob Boddice** Received date: May 30, 2017 · Acceptance date: June 10, 2017 · Modification date: June 26, 2017 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7440/res62.2017.02 Como citar: Boddice, Rob. 2017. “The History of Emotions: Past, Present, Future”. Revista de Estudios Sociales 62: 10-15. https:// dx.doi.org/10.7440/res62.2017.02 ABSTRACT | This article briefly appraises the state of the art in the history of emotions, lookingto its theoretical and methodological underpinnings and some of the notable scholarship in the contemporary field. The predominant focus, however, lies on the future direction of the history of emotions, based on a convergence of the humanities and neuros- ciences, and
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Portable Microbial Samplers for Estimating Inhalation Exposure to Viable Biological Agents
    Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2007) 17, 31–38 r 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1559-0631/07/$30.00 www.nature.com/jes Use of portable microbial samplers for estimating inhalation exposure to viable biological agents MAOSHENG YAO AND GEDIMINAS MAINELIS Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8551, USA Portable microbial samplers are being increasingly used to determine the presence ofmicrobial agents in the air; however, their performance charac teristics when sampling airborne biological agents are largely unknown. In addition, it is unknown whether these samplers could be used to assess microbial inhalation exposure according to the particle sampling conventions. This research analyzed collection efficiencies of MAS-100, Microflow, SMA MicroPortable, Millipore Air Tester, SAS Super 180, BioCulture, and RCS High Flow portable microbial samplers when sampling six bacterial and fungal species ranging from 0.61 to 3.14mm in aerodynamic diameter. The efficiencies with which airborne microorganisms were deposited on samplers’ collection medium were compared to the particle inhalation and lung deposition convention curves. When sampling fungi, RCS High Flow and SAS Super 180 deposited 80%–90% ofairborne spores on agar F highest among investigated samplers. Other samplers showed collection efficiencies of 10%–60%. When collecting bacteria, RCS High Flow and MAS-100 collected 20%–30%, whereas other samplers collected less than 10% ofthese bioparticles. Comparison ofsamplers’ collection efficiencies with particle inhalation convention curves showed that RCS High Flow and SAS Super 18 0 could be used to assess inhalation exposure to particles larger than 2.5 mm, such as fungal spores.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Care Danely, Jason
    U20145 CULTURE AND CARE INTRODUCTION This module examines care as one of the most fundamental adaptive strategies for human survival and social flourishing, providing a counterpoint to anthropological accounts that focus on conflict, friction, and violence. The central claim that we will investigate and question over the course is that care has been fundamental to the enhancement of human biosocial evolution and continues to be central as we consider ways to enhance our future. Though fundamental (or because it is fundamental) care has taken on a variety of cultural meanings, structuring social relations from the intimate to the global. Who is deserving of care? When does care of another supersede self-care? Do I have a right to care? Does this right include a right to sex or death? Some of the most important questions about human wellbeing revolve around care. Ethical debates about how to treat socially marginal, non-productive, and vulnerable groups (the sick and disabled, the elderly, children, orphans, immigrants and displaced persons, etc.), for example, depend on deeply invested cultural norms and assumptions surrounding care; if we are to join these debates, we need to be able to critically examine the idea, practice, and felt experience of care. This course begins by examining the evolution of our uniquely human capacity for care, including the neurobiological, emotional, and social adaptations that support empathy and cooperation. Next, we look at moral and ethical dimensions of care as expressed rituals of religious devotion and healing. Third, we look at modern caring institutions and how care has become linked to citizenship, education and welfare.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Cultural History? Free
    FREE WHAT IS CULTURAL HISTORY? PDF Peter Burke | 168 pages | 09 Sep 2008 | Polity Press | 9780745644103 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom What is cultural heritage? – Smarthistory Programs Ph. Cultural History Cultural history brings to life a past time and place. In this search, cultural historians study beliefs and ideas, much as What is Cultural History? historians do. In addition to the writings of intellectual elites, they consider the notions sometimes unwritten of the less privileged and less educated. These are reflected in the products of deliberately artistic culture, but also include the objects and experiences of everyday life, such as clothing or cuisine. In this sense, our instincts, thoughts, and acts have an ancestry which cultural history can illuminate and examine critically. Historians of culture at Yale study all these aspects of the past in their global interconnectedness, and explore how they relate to our many understandings of our varied presents. Cultural history is an effort to inhabit the minds of the people of different worlds. This journey is, like great literature, thrilling in itself. It is also invaluable for rethinking our own historical moment. Like the air we breathe, the cultural context that shapes our understanding of the world is often invisible for those who are surrounded by it; cultural history What is Cultural History? us to take a step back, and recognize that some of what we take for granted is remarkable, and that some of what we have thought immutable and What is Cultural History? is contingent and open to change. Studying how mental categories have shifted inspires us to What is Cultural History? how our own cultures and societies can evolve, and to ask what we can do as individuals to shape that process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aspects of Biological Culture Recreating and Its Relationship with the Approach of Contextual Architecture (Bandar Abbas City)
    European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2014; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.4 Special Issue on Architecture, Urbanism, and Civil Engineering ISSN 1805-3602 The Aspects of Biological Culture Recreating and its Relationship with the Approach of Contextual Architecture (Bandar Abbas city) Sara Amirshekari1*, Hasanali Pourmand2 1Hormozgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Department of Architectural Engineering, Bandar-e- Abbas, Iran;2University of Tarbiat Modarres, Department of Architectural Engineering, Tehran, Iran *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the recent years, by evolution of urban development and restoration, urban recreation has taken a lot of attention in action research. Like integrated and comprehensive account of urban development, recreation of urban culture is a circuit that, on one hand, regards all aspects and constraints in intra-city culture development, and on the other hand tries to change each available opportunity to a useful instrument aimed at attaining development. In this regard, context-oriented approach is one of the most common view points in architecture that assumes context as a historical and cultural event. In contextual architecture, purely physical dimensions were taken into primary accounts. Gradually, however, the focus was expanded to include human aspects like culture and socio-cultural dimensions of the society. In this article, we attempt to evaluate the manner of bio- culture recreation progress with approach of contextual architecture, by referring to its concepts and dimensions of concepts and thus it can provide a context that lead to promotion of the popular rich cultures interactions. This is believed that it can make preparations for a context where peoples’ cultural interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Biocultural Adaptation in Mountain Communities
    Jafr and Tuggoz communities, Event Report Tajikistan 11–18 September 2015 Climate Change and Biocultural Adaptation in Mountain Communities Second International Learning Exchange of the International Network of Mountain Indigenous People (INMIP) Farmers from Bhutan and Peru pray together at a sacred tree in the Food Park, Jafr. K. Swiderska Author information This report was prepared by Krystyna Swiderska and Pernilla Malmer About the event Second International Learning Exchange of the International Network of Mountain Indigenous People (INMIP), Tajikistan, 11–18 September 2015 Organised by Asociacion ANDES, IIED, Mountain Society Development Support Programme (MSDSP, Tajikistan) and SwedBio at Stockholm Resilience Centre IIED is a policy and action research organisation. We promote sustainable development to improve livelihoods and protect the environments on which these livelihoods are built. We specialise in linking local priorities to global challenges. IIED is based in London and works in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and the Pacific, with some of the world’s most vulnerable people. We work with them to strengthen their voice in the decision-making arenas that affect them — from village councils to international conventions. Published by IIED, February 2016 http://pubs.iied.org/14657IIED International Institute for Environment and Development 80-86 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 3463 7399 Fax: +44 (0)20 3514 9055 email: [email protected] www.iied.org @iied www.facebook.com/theIIED Download more publications
    [Show full text]
  • Ritual & Practices to Attain Spirituality in the Light of Religious Scriptures
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: A Arts & Humanities - Psychology Volume 19 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2019 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Ritual & Practices to Attain Spirituality in the Light of Religious Scriptures of the World Religion By Tayyaba Razzaq University of the Punjab Abstract- Humans are spiritual beings and preferred to be an element (one way or the other) of this potent mighty power that fascinated him. Men have been urged to look or visualize the Mighty Lord. Different kind of tools and means were designed in various religious communities to offer a few beautified methods to meet this fundamental intuition. To attain spirituality, many ancient religions had their own rituals and ceremonial systems that mostly consist of external rites and practices. The purpose of the study is to examine and determine the importance of rituals that are being practice in the world religions? What the methods religious scriptures has mentioned for their followers to adopt to attain spirituality? The study is to find out similarities and differences in rituals & practices to attain spirituality as mentioned in their religious scriptures? Research methodology for this study adapted is descriptive. This research study has fined out that some ritual systems are concerned with inwards purification rather than outwards. The major purpose of all such practices; fasting, sacrifices, charity etc are all to free men from the entire evil deeds, make him pure as the will of the Lord and closer to it. Keywords: rituals, spirituality, ceremonies, religious- scriptures.
    [Show full text]