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Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes

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Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes UC Davis Research reports Title Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72q3c143 Authors Li, H. Buscheck, J. Harvey, J. et al. Publication Date 2017 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California January 2017 Research Report: UCPRC-RR-2016-02 Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes Version 2 Authors: H. Li, J. Buscheck, J. Harvey, D. Fitch, D. Reger, R. Wu, R. Ketchell, J. Hernandez, B. Haynes, and C. Thigpen Part of Partnered Pavement Research Program (PPRC) Strategic Plan Element 4.57: Development of Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes PREPARED FOR: PREPARED BY: California Department of Transportation University of California Division of Research, Innovation, and System Information Pavement Research Center Office of Materials and Infrastructure UC Davis, UC Berkeley TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER UCPRC-RR-2016-02 NUMBER 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT PUBLICATION DATE Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle January 2017 Routes 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION H. Li, J. Buscheck, J. Harvey, D. Fitch, D. Reger, R. Wu, R. Ketchell, J. Hernandez, B. REPORT NO. Haynes, C. Thigpen 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NUMBER University of California Pavement Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis 1 Shields Avenue 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER Davis, CA 95616 65A0542 12. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD California Department of Transportation COVERED Division of Research, Innovation, and System Information Research Report, May 2015 – P.O. Box 942873 January 2016 Sacramento, CA 94273-0001 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE RPMD Task ID: 2693 15. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES 16. ABSTRACT This project was a continuation of a previous study that focused on the effects of pavement macrotexture on bicycle ride quality using input from bicycle club members and their bicycles on state highways, and considered changes to Caltrans chip seal specifications that resulted in seals with larger maximum size stones being typically used. This second project included a wider range of bicycle riders and bicycle types, considered pavement roughness and distresses in addition to macrotexture, and included measurements on urban preservation treatments and city streets as well as on treatments on state highways and county roads. This study also examined preservation treatment aggregate gradations and the mechanistic responses of bicycles to pavement macrotexture and roughness. The results of both projects were used to prepare recommended guidelines for the selection of preservation treatments that are best suited to bicycle routes on California’s state highways and local streets. Macrotexture, roughness, and pavement distresses were measured for different preservation treatments on 67 road sections distributed in five northern California and Nevada cities (Davis, Richmond, Sacramento, Reno, and Chico) and on a number of Caltrans highway sections and county roads. Bicycle ride quality surveys were conducted with a total of 155 participants. Correlations of pavement texture, bicycle vibration, and bicycle ride quality were developed. Correlations between pavement roughness and distresses, correlations between bicycle ride quality and roughness, and correlations between pavement texture and treatment specifications were preliminarily explored. Models for bicycle ride quality and physical rolling resistance were also developed. Long-term monitoring of pavement macrotexture for larger stone seals on LA-2, SLO-1, and Mon-198 was completed to determine how much texture is reduced by traffic. Major conclusions drawn from the results and analyses include the following: 1) changes in Caltrans chip seal gradation specifications have resulted in higher macrotexture values, as seen on example sections on LA-2, SLO-1, and Mon-198; 2) preliminary (first study on highways plus second study on streets) results show that 80 percent of riders rate pavements with mean profile depth (MPD) values of 1.8 mm or less as acceptable and 50 percent rate pavements with MPD values of 2.3 mm or less as acceptable; 3) most slurry seals on city streets produce high acceptability across all cities; 4) a clear relationship was found between the critical aggregates sizes (#4 and #8 [4.26 and 1.18 mm]) and MPD; 5) pavement texture generally tends to decrease over time due to traffic; 6) both IRI and MPD are important parameters for determining whether riders find a particular pavement section acceptable; 7) there is considerable variability among people and among sections that influences what bicyclists’ perceive as acceptable pavement condition; and 8) the presence of distresses, particularly cracking, lowers the ratings that riders give to pavements. 17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT chip seal, macrotexture, bicycle vibration, bicycle ride quality, No restrictions. This document is available to the public through MPD, IRI the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (of this 20. NUMBER OF PAGES 21. PRICE report) 194 None Unclassified Reproduction of completed page authorized UCPRC-RR-2016-02 i UCPRC ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DRAFT STAGE PARTNERED PAVEMENT RESEARCH CENTER STRATEGIC Final (Stage 6) PLAN ELEMENT NUMBER 4.57 FHWA NUMBER VERSION NUMBER CA172693A 2 CALTRANS TECHNICAL LEADS AND REVIEWERS H. Zhou, S. Holikatti, S. Balasubramanian PROPOSALS FOR IMPLEMENTATION Incorporate the results and recommended guidelines from this study into guidance for Caltrans and local government pavement managers and designers. Develop an approach for naming chip seal specifications that is more descriptive of the aggregate gradation. Further develop understanding of the relationship between aggregate gradation parameters and MPD than was possible in this project, which requires better access to chip seal as-built gradations. RELATED DOCUMENTS H. Li, J. Harvey, C. Thigpen, and R. Wu. Surface Treatment Macrotexture and Bicycle Ride Quality. Univ. of California Pavement Research Center, Davis and Berkeley. 2013. UCPRC-RR-2013-07 H. Li, J. Harvey, R. Wu, C. Thigpen, S. Louw, Z. Chen, J. D. Lea, D. Jones, and A. Rezaie. Preliminary Results: Measurement of Macrotexture on Surface Treatments and Survey of Bicyclist Ride Quality on Mon-198 and SLO-1 Test Sections. Univ. of California Pavement Research Center, Davis and Berkeley. 2013. UCPRC-TM-2013-07 SIGNATURES S. Balasubramanian S. Holikatti H. Zhou H. Li J.T. Harvey D. Spinner J.T. Harvey CALTRANS TECH. T.J. Holland FIRST AUTHOR TECHNICAL EDITOR PRINCIPAL LEADS CALTRANS REVIEW INVESTIGATOR CONTRACT MANAGER Reproduction of completed page authorized ii UCPRC-RR-2016-02 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ vii DISCLAIMER STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................. x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... xi PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. xiii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................... xxiii LIST OF TEST METHODS AND SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................... xxiii 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Goal and Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope and Organization of This Report ...................................................................................................... 3 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Pavement Texture Measurement and Ride Quality ..................................................................................... 5 2.2 Bicycle Vibration and Bicycle Ride Quality ............................................................................................... 6 2.3 Pavement Macrotexture and Bicycle Ride Quality ..................................................................................... 7 2.4 Correlations between Macrotexture and Treatment Specifications ............................................................. 8 2.5 Modeling for Bicycle Ride
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