DOCSLIB.ORG

Kristian Lee Lardner

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kristian Lee Lardner Prediction of the Off-Road Rigid-Ring Model Parameters for Truck Tire and Soft Soil Interactions By Kristian Lee Lardner A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Automotive Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa, Ontario, Canada July 2017 © 2017 Kristian Lardner ABSTRACT Significant time and cost savings can be realized through the use of virtual simulation of testing procedures across diverse areas of research and development. Fully detailed virtual truck models using the simplified off-road rigid-ring model parameters may further increase these economical savings within the automotive industry. The determination of the off-road rigid-ring parameters is meant to facilitate the simulation of full vehicle models developed by Volvo Group Trucks Technology. This works features new FEA (Finite Element Analysis) tire and SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) soil interaction modeling techniques. The in-plane and out-of-plane off-road rigid-ring parameters are predicted for an RHD (Regional Haul Drive) truck tire at varying operating conditions. The tire model is validated through static and dynamic virtual tests that are compared to previously published literature. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane off-road rigid-ring RHD parameters were successfully predicted. The majority of the in-plane parameters are strongly influenced by the inflation pressure of the tire because the in-plane parameters are derived with respect to the mode of vibration of the tire. The total equivalent vertical stiffness on a dry sand is not as heavily influenced by the inflation pressure compared to predictions on a hard surface. For perspective, at 110 psi, the dry sand total vertical stiffness is nearly nine times smaller than that determined on the hard surface, while the lateral stiffness on soft soil (Dry Sand) is at a minimal of three times higher than that of the corresponding values tested on a hard surface. The cornering stiffness is primarily load dependant because the inflation pressure is only noticeably influential at high vertical loads. More importantly, the soil builds in front of the tire, creating what is called a bulldozing effect, during high slip angles. The additional lateral force of the soil exerted onto the tire during cornering maneuvers may contribute to higher than expected results and may be confirmed through future investigation of the cohesion of the soil model. Key Words: FEA (Finite Element Analysis), SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics), RHD (Regional Haul Drive truck tire), Off-Road Rigid-Ring Tire Model i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Motivation ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objectives and Scope ................................................................................ 2 1.4 Working Fundamentals ............................................................................. 2 1.4.1 Construction of Pneumatic Tires ......................................................... 3 1.4.2 Dynamics of Pneumatic Tires ............................................................. 4 1.5 Thesis Outline ........................................................................................... 6 2.1 Chapter Introduction ................................................................................. 7 2.2 Tire Modeling ............................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Analytical Tire Modeling .................................................................... 7 2.2.2 FEA Tire Modeling ........................................................................... 14 2.3 Soil Modeling .......................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Terra-mechanics ................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 FEA Soil Modeling ........................................................................... 21 ii 2.3.3 SPH Soil Modeling ........................................................................... 23 2.3.4 Hybrid Soil Modeling........................................................................ 27 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................... 29 3.1 Chapter Introduction ............................................................................... 32 3.2 RHD Tire Modeling ................................................................................ 32 3.2.1 Final FEA Tire Model ....................................................................... 34 3.2.2 Tire Validation .................................................................................. 36 3.3 Dry Sand SPH Soft Soil Modeling .......................................................... 40 3.3.1 Pressure-Sinkage Relationship .......................................................... 40 3.3.2 Shear Strength ................................................................................... 44 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................... 46 4.1 Chapter Introduction ............................................................................... 47 4.2 Drum-Cleat Testing Procedure................................................................ 49 4.3 Drum-Cleat Results and Observations .................................................... 51 4.4 Determination of the Sidewall Damping Coefficient .............................. 55 4.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................... 55 5.1 Chapter Introduction ............................................................................... 57 5.2 List of In-Plane Rigid-Ring Parameters .................................................. 57 5.3 Total Equivalent Vertical Stiffness, 풌풕풐풕, 푯풂풓풅 푺풖풓풇풂풄풆 .................. 59 5.4 Vertical Stiffness and Residual Vertical Stiffness, 풌풃풛 and 풌풗풓 ........... 61 iii 5.5 Total Vertical Damping and Residual Damping Constant, ctot and cvr ..................................................................................................... 63 5.6 Rotational Stiffness and Damping Constant, 풌풃휭 and 풄풃휭 .................. 65 5.7 Total Equivalent Vertical Stiffness, 풌풕풐풕, 푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅 ........................... 68 5.8 Longitudinal Tire Stiffness, 풌풌, 푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅 ........................................... 71 5.9 Chapter Summary .................................................................................... 74 5.9.1 13.34 kN In-Plane Parameter Summary ............................................ 75 5.9.2 26.69 kN In-Plane Parameter Summary ............................................ 76 5.9.3 40.03 kN In-Plane Parameter Summary ............................................ 77 6.1 Chapter Introduction ............................................................................... 78 6.2 List of Out-of-Plane Rigid-ring Parameters ............................................ 78 6.3 Translational Stiffness and Damping Constant, 풌풃퐲 and 풄풃퐲 ............... 80 6.4 Rotational Stiffness and Damping Constant, 풌풃후 and 풄풃후 .................... 83 6.5 Lateral Tire Stiffness and Damping Constant, 풌풍 and 풄풍 ........................ 87 6.6 Lateral Tire Stiffness and Damping Constant, kl, Dry Sand and cl, Dry Sand .......................................................................... 90 6.7 Steering Characteristics on Dry Sand, 풌풇, 푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅 ........................... 94 6.8 Self-Aligning Moment Stiffness on Dry Sand, 푴풛, 푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅............. 97 6.9 Relaxation Length on Dry Sand, 흈푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅 ....................................... 99 6.10 Rolling Resistance Coefficient on Dry Sand, 푹푹푪푫풓풚 푺풂풏풅 .......... 99 6.11 Chapter Summary .............................................................................. 101 6.11.1 13.34 kN Out-of-Plane Parameter Summary ................................ 102 6.11.2 26.69 kN Out-of-Plane Parameter Summary ................................ 103 iv 6.11.3 40.03 kN Out-of-Plane Parameter Summary ................................ 104 7.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................... 105 7.2 Future Work .......................................................................................... 108 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Pneumatic (Radial-Ply) Tire Construction [5] ..................................... 3 Figure 1-2: Radial-Ply Pneumatic Tire [1] ............................................................. 4 Figure 1-3: Forces and Moments Acting on a Tire in the SAE Coordinate System [1] ............................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2-1: Point Contact Mechanism by Captain et al. [6] ................................. 8 Figure 2-2: Loo's Flexible Rigid-Ring Model [9] ................................................... 9 Figure 2-3: Basic Rigid-Ring Tire Model [10] ..................................................... 10 Figure 2-4: Bruni’s Rigid-ring Tire Model [12] ................................................... 11 Figure 2-5: Chae's Out-of-Plane Rigid-ring Model [16] ...................................... 12 Figure 2-6: Slade's In-Plane Off-Road Rigid-Ring Model [17] ........................... 13 Figure 2-7: Slade's Out-of-Plane
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Michelin: Socially Responsible Industrial Restructuring (Research Report)
    Michelin: Socially Responsible Industrial Restructuring (Research Report) Professor Sandra J. Sucher and Research Associate Susan J. Winterberg* Introduction This report describes Michelin’s approach to socially responsible industrial restructuring.a The report was designed to serve two purposes—documentation and learning. The report provides documentation of Michelin’s practices in socially responsible industrial restructuring and contains an agreed upon description of Michelin’s planned, integrative, and humanistic approach. The report was also written as an opportunity for learning for Michelin’s leaders. The report traces the evolution in planning and practices that Michelin has used to conduct socially responsible restructuring over time. The resulting picture is both a view from the inside—told in the words and through the actions of Michelin’s managers—and a view from the outside—incorporating the reactions of stakeholders to Michelin’s restructuring approaches in various situations. Hopefully, it helps Michelin’s leaders assess where they have been and where they are headed in their evolving journey in socially responsible industrial restructuring. Michelin: Socially Responsible Industrial Restructuring Company Background Managing People at Michelin Industrial Restructuring at Michelin: Foundations and Evolution 2003–2013: Developing the ‘Ramp Down & Up Model’ of Restructuring 2013–Forward: Developing the New Restructuring Process Preparing the Annual Restructuring Plan Case Studies of Restructuring at Michelin Managing Stakeholders during Ramp Downs: Three Case Studies A Perfect Storm: Closing the Kleber Factory in Toul, France Closing a Truck Tire Factory in Budapest, Hungary Divestiture of a Rubber Plantation in Bahía, Brazil Managing Collaboration During Turnarounds: Two Case Studies Developing the Turnaround Option: Bourges, France A Beta-Test for Empowerment: Transforming the Roanne Factory, France Summary a Reviews Included: C.
    [Show full text]
  • Tubeless-Ready Bead Tire Instructions Say Goodbye to Cold
    TUBELESS-READY BEAD TIRE INSTRUCTIONS SAY GOODBYE TO COLD. SAY HELLO TO COMFORT. INTENDED USE 45North is built on real-world needs and knowledge. Our collection Studded tires: winter commuting, fatbiking and winter delivers unrivaled comfort and control through advanced technical off-road cycling. design and effective use of materials. We have more people who Fatbike tires: for bicycles that accommodate a 26 x 3.7" or larger ride more miles in colder weather than anywhere on the planet. tire, for winter off-road cycling. Enjoy. NOTE: 45North Studded tires are not intended for long-haul loaded WARNING: CYCLING CAN BE DANGEROUS. touring on pavement. BICYCLE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE INSTALLED AND SERVICED BY A PROFESSIONAL MECHANIC. NEVER MODIFY YOUR RIM COMPATIBILITY BICYCLE OR ACCESSORIES. READ AND FOLLOW ALL PRODUCT WARNING: Standard bead 45North tires are not tubeless ready. INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS INCLUDING INFORMATION ON THE MANUFACTURER’S WEBSITE. INSPECT YOUR BICYCLE Tire Width Outside Rim Width BEFORE EVERY RIDE. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET. 30mm 20–25mm WARNING: Tires are a part of your bike that will wear out with 35mm 20–25mm use. Tires may pick up foreign objects such as glass or road debris that will puncture the tire and inner tube, causing a loss of air 38mm 20–28mm pressure and reduced ability to control or stop the bike, which 54mm (2.1") 25–35mm could lead to a crash resulting in serious injury or death. Before each ride check to ensure that your tires are in good condition, 60mm (2.35") 25–40mm properly seated on the rim, and properly inflated.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes
    UC Davis Research reports Title Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72q3c143 Authors Li, H. Buscheck, J. Harvey, J. et al. Publication Date 2017 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California January 2017 Research Report: UCPRC-RR-2016-02 Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes Version 2 Authors: H. Li, J. Buscheck, J. Harvey, D. Fitch, D. Reger, R. Wu, R. Ketchell, J. Hernandez, B. Haynes, and C. Thigpen Part of Partnered Pavement Research Program (PPRC) Strategic Plan Element 4.57: Development of Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle Routes PREPARED FOR: PREPARED BY: California Department of Transportation University of California Division of Research, Innovation, and System Information Pavement Research Center Office of Materials and Infrastructure UC Davis, UC Berkeley TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER UCPRC-RR-2016-02 NUMBER 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT PUBLICATION DATE Development of Recommended Guidelines for Preservation Treatments for Bicycle January 2017 Routes 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION H. Li, J. Buscheck, J. Harvey, D. Fitch, D. Reger, R. Wu, R. Ketchell, J. Hernandez, B. REPORT NO. Haynes, C. Thigpen 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NUMBER University of California Pavement Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis 1 Shields Avenue 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER Davis, CA 95616 65A0542 12. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD California Department of Transportation COVERED Division of Research, Innovation, and System Information Research Report, May 2015 – P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Dynamic Properties of Bicycle Tires
    Proceedings, Bicycle and Motorcycle Dynamics 2010 Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Single Track Vehicles, 20 - 22 October 2010, Delft, The Netherlands Measuring Dynamic Properties of Bicycle Tires A. E. Dressel *, A. Rahman # * Civil Engineering and Mechanics # Civil Engineering and Mechanics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0784 P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0784 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Dynamic tire properties, specifically the forces and moments generated under different circum- stances, have been found to be important to motorcycle dynamics. A similar situation may be expected to exist for bicycles, but limited bicycle tire data and a lack of the tools necessary to measure it may contribute to its absence in bicycle dynamics analyses. This paper describes tools developed to measure these bicycle tire properties and presents some of the findings. Cornering stiffness, also known as sideslip and lateral slip stiffness, of either the front or rear tires, has been found to influence both the weave and wobble modes of motorcycles. Measuring this property requires holding the tire at a fixed orientation, camber and steer angles, with re- spect to the pavement and its direction of travel, and then measuring the lateral force generated as the tire rolls forward. Large, sophisticated, and expensive devices exist for measuring this characteristic of automobile tires. One device is known to exist for motorcycle tires, and it has been used at least once on bicycle tires, but the minimum load it can apply is approximately 200 pounds, nearly double the actual load carried by most bicycle tires.
    [Show full text]
  • RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE and OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 1-1-2009 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Engineering Mechanics Commons Please take our one minute survey! Recommended Citation Powell, Robert, "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS" (2009). All Theses. Paper 743. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Mechanical Engineering by Robert A. Powell December 2009 Accepted by: Dr. E. Harry Law, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Beshahwired Ayalew, Committee Co-Chair Dr. John Ziegert Abstract This work deals with the question of relating open-loop handling metrics to driver- in-the-loop performance (closed-loop). The goal is to allow manufacturers to reduce cost and time associated with vehicle handling development. A vehicle model was built in the CarSim environment using kinematics and compliance, geometrical, and flat track tire data. This model was then compared and validated to testing done at Michelin’s Laurens Proving Grounds using open-loop handling metrics. The open-loop tests conducted for model vali- dation were an understeer test and swept sine or random steer test.
    [Show full text]
  • Exxon™ Butyl Rubber Innertube Technology Manual
    Exxon™ butyl rubber Exxon™ butyl rubber innertube technology manual Country name(s) 2 - Exxon™ butyl rubber innertube technology manual Exxon™ butyl rubber innertube technology manual - 3 Abstract Many bias and radial tires have innertubes. Radial truck tube-type tires are particularly common, and in many instances, such as in severe service, off-road applications, are preferred over tubeless radial tire constructions. The technology requirements for tubes for such tires is, in many respects, equally demanding when compared to that for the tire and wheel in the assembly. This manual has been prepared to describe how butyl rubber is important in meeting the demanding performance requirements of tire innertubes. Representative innertube compound formulations and compound properties are discussed along with typical processing guidelines of the compound in the manufacture of innertubes. Chlorobutyl rubber based compound formulations are also used in innertubes. Such innertubes show good heat resistance, durability, allow greater flexibility in compounding, and process equally well as regular butyl rubber tube compounds. An extensive discussion of bicycle tire innertubes has been included. Service conditions can range from simple commuting and recreation to high speed competitive sporting applications. Like automobile and truck tire innertubes, tubes for bicycle tires can thus have demanding performance requirements. Guidelines on troubleshooting provide a checklist for the factory process engineer to enhance manufacturing efficiency, high
    [Show full text]
  • MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Copyright TNO, 2013
    MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Copyright TNO, 2013 MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Dr. Antoine Schmeitz 2 Copyright TNO, 2013 Dr. Antoine Schmeitz MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Introduction TNO’s tyre modelling toolchain tyre (virtual) testing parameter fitting + tyre model signal tyre MBS database MF-Tyre processing TYDEX files property solver file MF-Swift MF-Tool Measurement Identification Simulation Copyright TNO, 2013 1 MF-Tyre/MF-Swift 3 Copyright TNO, 2013 Dr. Antoine Schmeitz MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Introduction What is MF-Tyre/MF-Swift? MF-Tyre/MF-Swift is an all-encompassing tyre model for use in vehicle dynamics simulations This means: emphasis on an accurate representation of the generated (spindle) forces tyre model is relatively fast can handle continuously varying inputs model is robust for extreme inputs model the tyre as simple as possible, but not simpler for the intended vehicle dynamics applications 4 Copyright TNO, 2013 Dr. Antoine Schmeitz MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Introduction Model usage and intended range of application All kind of vehicle handling simulations: e.g. ISO tests like steady-state cornering, lane changes, J-turn, braking, etc. Sine with Dwell, mu split, low mu, rollover, fishhook, etc. Vehicle behaviour on uneven roads: ride comfort analyses durability load calculations (fatigue spectra and load cases) Simulations with control systems, e.g. ABS, ESP, etc. Analysis of drive line vibrations Analysis of (aircraft) shimmy vibrations; typically about 10-25 Hz Used for passenger car, truck, motorcycle and aircraft tyres Copyright TNO, 2013 2 MF-Tyre/MF-Swift 5 Copyright TNO, 2013 Dr. Antoine Schmeitz MF-Tyre/MF-Swift Modelling aspects and contents (1) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires
    CHAPTER 1 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES Aside from aerodynamic and gravitational forces, all other major forces and moments affecting the motion of a ground vehicle are applied through the running gear–ground contact. An understanding of the basic characteristics of the interaction between the running gear and the ground is, therefore, essential to the study of performance characteristics, ride quality, and handling behavior of ground vehicles. The running gear of a ground vehicle is generally required to fulfill the following functions: • to support the weight of the vehicle • to cushion the vehicle over surface irregularities • to provide sufficient traction for driving and braking • to provide adequate steering control and direction stability. Pneumatic tires can perform these functions effectively and efficiently; thus, they are universally used in road vehicles, and are also widely used in off-road vehicles. The study of the mechanics of pneumatic tires therefore is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the performance and char- acteristics of ground vehicles. Two basic types of problem in the mechanics of tires are of special interest to vehicle engineers. One is the mechanics of tires on hard surfaces, which is essential to the study of the characteristics of road vehicles. The other is the mechanics of tires on deformable surfaces (unprepared terrain), which is of prime importance to the study of off-road vehicle performance. 3 4 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES The mechanics of tires on hard surfaces is discussed in this chapter, whereas the behavior of tires over unprepared terrain will be discussed in Chapter 2. A pneumatic tire is a flexible structure of the shape of a toroid filled with compressed air.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Zealand & Australian Experience with Central Tyre Inflation
    TheThe NewNew ZealandZealand && AustralianAustralian ExperienceExperience withwith CentralCentral TyreTyre InflationInflation Neil Wylie Innovative Transport Equipment Ltd Log Transport Safety Council Tyre Development • 1846 – Robert William Thomson invented and patented the pneumatic tire • 1888 – First commercial pneumatic bicycle tire produced by Dunlop • 1889 – John Boyd Dunlop patented the pneumatic tire in the UK • 1890 – Dunlop, and William Harvey Du Cros began production of pneumatic tires in Ireland • 1890 – Bartlett Clincher rim introduced • 1891 – Dunlop's patent invalidated in favor of Thomson’s patent • 1892 – Beaded edge tires introduced in the U.S. • 1894 – E.J. Pennington invents the first balloon tire • 1895 – Michelin introduced pneumatic automobile tires • 1898 – Schrader valve stem patented • 1900 – Cord Tires introduced by Palmer (England) and BFGoodrich (U.S.) • 1903 – Goodyear Tire Company patented the first tubeless tire, however it was not introduced until 1954 • 1904 – Goodyear and Firestone started producing cord reinforced tires • 1904 – Mountable rims were introduced that allowed drivers to fix their own flats • 1908 – Frank Seiberling invented grooved tires with improved road traction • 1910 – BFGoodrich Company invented longer life tires by adding carbon black to the rubber • 1919 – Goodyear and Dunlop announced pneumatic truck tires[2] • 1938 – Goodyear introduced the rayon cord tire • 1940 – BFGoodrich introduced the first commercial synthetic rubber tire • 1946 – Michelin introduced the radial tire •
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,273,176 Wyman Et Al
    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,273,176 Wyman et al. (45) Jun. 16, 1981 (54) NON-PNEUMATICTIRE OTHER PUBLICATIONS 75) Inventors: Ransome J. Wyman, Calabases; Richard A. Alshin, Long Beach; Rubber World, Jun. 77 Reprint, “Urethane Bicycle Tire Charles H. Gilbert, Fullerton, all of Combines Flatproof, Pneumatic Qualities.” . Calif. Primary Examiner-Michael W. Ball 73) Assignee: Carefree Bicycle Tire Company, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-K. H. Boswell Marina Del Rey, Calif. 57 ABSTRACT A solid monolithic tire for use on a wheel rim can be (21) Appl. No.: 37,393 improved by incorporating within the tire a circumfer 22 Filed: May 8, 1979 entially extending tunnel formed on the inside of the tire body. Further, the tire body has inclined side walls that Related U.S. Application Data converge outwardly to form a V-shaped cross section. 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 906,691, May 16, The apex of this V-shaped cross section forms the tread 1978, abandoned. portion of the tire. Each of the side walls of the tire 51) Int. Cl. ...... B60C 7/12 terminate in a thickened portion which forms a bead 52 U.S. Cl. ..... ... 152/327; 152/322; shoulder capable of seating on the bead flanges of the 152/.324 wheel rim to which the tire is mounted. Extending 58) Field of Search ............... 152/323, 324, 325, 326, down through the thickened portion of either side of 152/327, 329, 379.1, 246,310, 318, 311, 320, the tire is a bead which has a lower bead wall on the 314, 322,330 RF, 352 RA, 353 RC, 357 A, 362 portion most distal to the thickened portion.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Analyses of Multi-Piece Mining Vehicle Wheels to Enhance Safety
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2014 Mechanical Analyses of Multi-piece Mining Vehicle Wheels to Enhance Safety Zhanbiao Li University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Li, Zhanbiao, "Mechanical Analyses of Multi-piece Mining Vehicle Wheels to Enhance Safety" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5197. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5197 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Mechanical Analyses of Multi-piece Mining Vehicle Wheels to Enhance Safety By Zhanbiao Li A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering Department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2014 © 2014 Zhanbiao Li Mechanical Analyses of Multi-piece Mining Vehicle Wheels to Enhance Safety By Zhanbiao Li APPROVED BY: __________________________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of a Truck Tire
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Program in Materials NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A TRUCK TIRE A Thesis in Materials by Seokyong Chae © 2006 Seokyong Chae Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2006 The thesis of Seokyong Chae was reviewed and approved* by the following: Moustafa El-Gindy Senior Research Associate, Applied Research Laboratory Thesis Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee James P. Runt Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Thesis Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Co-Chair of the Intercollege Graduate Program in Materials Charles E. Bakis Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Ashok D. Belegundu Professor of Mechanical Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii ABSTRACT For an efficient full vehicle model simulation, a multi-body system (MBS) simulation is frequently adopted. By conducting the MBS simulations, the dynamic and steady-state responses of the sprung mass can be shortly predicted when the vehicle runs on an irregular road surface such as step curb or pothole. A multi-body vehicle model consists of a sprung mass, simplified tire models, and suspension system to connect them. For the simplified tire model, a rigid ring tire model is mostly used due to its efficiency. The rigid ring tire model consists of a rigid ring representing the tread and the belt, elastic sidewalls, and rigid rim. Several in-plane and out-of-plane parameters need to be determined through tire tests to represent a real pneumatic tire. Physical tire tests are costly and difficult in operations.
    [Show full text]