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Échec Diplomatique Du Gouvernement Canadien Au Conseil De Sécurité De L’Organisation Des Nations Unies Pour L'obtention D'un Siège En 2010

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Échec Diplomatique Du Gouvernement Canadien Au Conseil De Sécurité De L’Organisation Des Nations Unies Pour L'obtention D'un Siège En 2010 MÉMOIRE DE MAÎTRISE EN ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE POUR ANALYSTE Concentration: Administration internationale Titre du mémoire: Échec diplomatique du gouvernement canadien au Conseil de Sécurité de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l'obtention d'un siège en 2010 Auteur: Owoundi Joseph Parfait Directeur de Mémoire : Pr Stéphane Roussel Composition du Jury d'évaluation: -Pr Jean-François Savard, Président -Pr Stéphane Paquin, membre -Pr Stéphane Roussel, membre Septembre 2018 REMERCIEMENTS Réaliser un travail de recherche est certes un exercice solitaire, mais cette étude n'aurait pas pu aboutir sans le soutien de toute une équipe dynamique et renforcée, composée du Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur de Québec, l'ambassade du Cameroun à Ottawa, et l'École Nationale d'Administration publique. Je remercie particulièrement Guy Laforest, directeur de l'ÉNAP, la direction de l'enseignement et de la recherche de l'ÉNAP, le Comité d'éthique et de la recherche de l'ÉNAP, le service culturel de l'ambassade du Cameroun à Ottawa, et tout le personnel administratif de l'ÉNAP de l'appui matériel, humain et en ressource dont j'ai pu bénéficier. Je remercie par ailleurs, mon directeur de recherche, monsieur Stéphane Roussel d'avoir accepté de diriger ce travail. Ses conseils, sa relecture attentive du texte, son expérience ainsi que sa disponibilité, ont constitué un soutien précieux et m'ont permis de mener ce travail à terme. Je remercie aussi madame et messieurs Juliette Champagne, Jean-François Savard, Stéphane Paquin, Jacques A. Plamondon, Luc Desrochers, qui grâce aux évaluations sur mon projet de recherche et le mémoire final, m'ont permis d'améliorer ce travail. Je remercie enfin Marie Julie Monkam, Foumane Adoumou Michel, Geneviève Cantin- Chartré, Lucie Verreault, Girard Bruno, Gagnon Michel, Karine Prévost-Privat, Étienne Charbonneau, Jessica Cerrato et tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont largement contribué à la réalisation de cette étude. i DÉDICACE À mes parents et amis, ainsi qu’à toutes les personnes qui œuvre pour le maintien de la paix et la sécurité dans le monde ii Table des matières REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ i DÉDICACE ......................................................................................................................................... ii LISTE DES SIGLES ET DES ACRONYMES ................................................................................. vi LISTE DES TABLEAUX ................................................................................................................. vii LISTE DES GRAPHIQUES ET FIGURES ..................................................................................... viii Résumé ............................................................................................................................................... ix Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. xi Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapitre 1 État de la Question de recherche et Cadre d'analyse ......................................................... 5 1. Attachement identitaire des Canadiens à l’Organisation des Nations unies ........................... 6 2. L'influence du Canada au sein de l’Organisation des Nations unies ....................................... 7 2.1. L’expérience du Canada au cours de la période 1945-1990 ................................................ 8 2.2. La campagne électorale du Canada en 1998 .................................................................... 10 3. L’échec à l’Organisation des Nations unies en 2010 et ses implications .............................. 12 4. Facteurs de succès d'un État au Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU ............................................. 14 5. La valorisation du Soft Power ............................................................................................... 15 5.1. Culture ........................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.1. Culture populaire ....................................................................................................... 17 5.1.2. Culture de l’élite ........................................................................................................ 18 5.2. Valeurs politiques .......................................................................................................... 18 5.3. La politique étrangère .................................................................................................... 20 5.3.1. La coopération constructive ...................................................................................... 21 5.3.2. Idées novatrices persuasives ...................................................................................... 21 5.3.3. La campagne électorale valorisante .......................................................................... 23 5.3.4. L’influence des styles de leadership .......................................................................... 24 5.3.5. L’influence du système de prise de décision ............................................................. 25 6. Le multilatéralisme en politique étrangère ........................................................................ 26 iii 7. Identification des auteurs qui apportent un début de réponse ........................................... 28 8. La question de recherche ................................................................................................... 30 9. Démarche méthodologique .............................................................................................. 31 Chapitre 2 Facteurs de succès de l'Allemagne, de la Turquie de et de l'Australie au Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU par rapport au Canada ......................................................................................... 33 1. Candidature de l’Allemagne .............................................................................................. 33 1.1. Promotion des droits humains et environnementaux..................................................... 33 1.2. Valorisation du Soft Power ........................................................................................... 35 1.2.1. Coopération constructive ........................................................................................... 35 1.2.2. Campagne électorale de l’Allemagne ........................................................................ 36 1.2.3. Idées novatrices valorisantes ..................................................................................... 37 2. L’expérience de la Turquie en 2008 .................................................................................. 39 2.1. Promotion des droits humains et environnementaux..................................................... 39 2.2. Valorisation du Soft Power ........................................................................................... 40 2.2.1. Coopération constructive ........................................................................................... 41 2.2.2. Idées novatrices persuasives ...................................................................................... 42 2.2.3. La campagne électorale de la Turquie ....................................................................... 42 3. L’expérience de l’Australie en 2012 ................................................................................. 44 3.1. Promotion des droits humains et environnementaux..................................................... 44 3.2. Valorisation du Soft Power ........................................................................................... 46 3.2.1. Coopération constructive ........................................................................................... 46 3.2.2. Idées novatrices persuasives ...................................................................................... 47 3.2.3. La campagne électorale de l'Australie ....................................................................... 47 4. Candidature du Canada en 2010 ........................................................................................ 49 4.1. Promotion des droits humains et environnementaux..................................................... 49 4.2. Valorisation du Soft Power ........................................................................................... 57 4.2.1. Coopération constructive entre 2006 et 2010 ............................................................ 57 4.2.2. Idées novatrices valorisantes ..................................................................................... 58 4.2.3. Campagne électorale canadienne en 2010 ................................................................. 61 Chapitre 3 Analyse des facteurs ayant contribué à l'échec du Canada au Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU en 2010................................................................................................................................... 64 iv 1. Les facteurs relatifs à la campagne électorale ...................................................................... 64 2. Facteurs extérieurs à la campagne électorale .......................................................................
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