DOCSLIB.ORG

U-M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U-M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Castro's Cuba and Stroessner's Paraguay: A comparison of the totalitarian/authoritarian taxonomy. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Sondrol, Paul Charles. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 11:08:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185284 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photogr2,pb and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted.. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this -reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is inciuded in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U-M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 3131761-4700 800/521-0600 -.- - -.- -_. __ ._- -._------------ Order Number 9111969 Castro's Cuba and Stroessner's Paraguay: A compaTison of the totalitarian/authoritarian taxonomy --- -----" Sondrol, Paul Charles, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1990 Copyright @1991 by Sondrol, Paw Charlee. All rights l'eserved. U·1\(a·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd Ann Arbor, MI 48106 CASTRO'S CUBA AND STROESSNER' S PARAGUAY: A COMPARISON OF THE TOTAI.ITAR.'tAN/AUTHORITARIAN TAXONOMY by Paul Charles Sondrol copyright @ Paul Charles Sondrol A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY III the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 199 0 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Paul C. Sondrol Castro's Cuba and Stroessner's Paraquay: A entitled ----------------------------- Comparison of the Totalitarian/Authoritarian Taxonomy. and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of ____~D~Q~c~t~Q~t~o~f~P~h~i~l~o£s~o~p~h~~ __________________________________ Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation crement. J b G~~:[Lor t --- 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. _ ....... -.. - ----------------- 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my deepest appreciation to my mentor, Professor Edward J. Williams, who guided me through this and other studies. I would also like to thank Professors Daniel J. O'Neil and Raul Saba for their insightful criticisms and support. I also owe special gratitude to my friends Mary Sue Passe-smith and Robin Rapoport for the many hours they spent deciphering and coordinating this work. Finally, I want to thank my family for their encouragement, love, patience, and understanding. This dissertation is for my wife, Jackie. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES 7 ABSTRACT 8 CHAPTER ONE. TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES: A COMPARISON OF FIDEL CASTRO'S CUBA AND ALFREDO STROESSNER'S PARAGUAY 10 INTRODUCTION • • • • 10 LITERATURE REVIEW • 17 EVOLUTION OF THE DISSERTATION • . 42 CHAPTER TWO. TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN DICTATORS: A COMPARISON OF FIDEL CASTRO AND ALFREDO STROESSNER • • • .. • • . • • • • • 48 INTRODUCTION • • • . • • . • . • • • • • 48 TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN DICTATORS 51 FIDEL CASTRO--TOTALITARIAN DICTATOR • . • 64 ALFREDO STROESSNER--AUTHORITARIAN DICTATORSHIP AND PROTO-TOTALITARIANISM 75 CONCLUSION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 CHAPTER THREE. TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN PARTIES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CUBAN COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE PARAGUAYAN COLORADO PARTY 95 INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • 95 TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN PARTIES 95 THE CUBAN COMMUNIST PARTY • • • • • . • • . • 111 THE COLORADO PARTY OF STROESSNER'S PARAGUAY . 123 CONCLUSIONS • • • . • • . • . • • • . • • . 136 CHAPTER FOUR. THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL INTIMIDATION, REPRESSION, AND TERROR AND THE TOTALITARIAN/ AUTHORITARIAN TAXONOMY • • . • • • • • • . • 144 INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • 144 FORCE AND VIOLENCE IN TOTALITARIANISM AND AUTHORITARIANISM • • • • • • • 146 INTERRUPTED TERROR IN REVOLUTIONARY CUBA • • 159 "PREVENTIVE" REPRESSION IN PARAGUAY • • 176 CONCLUSION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • 189 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) CHAPTER FIVE. MOBILIZATION AND LEGITIMACY IN TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES • • • 196 INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 196 MOBILIZATION AND LEGITIMACY IN TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES • • 200 DIRECTED MASS PARTICIPATION IN REVOLUTIONARY CUBA • • • • • 212 LIMITED MASS PARTICIPATION IN STROESSNER'S PARAGUAY • • • • • . • • • 227 CONCLUSION • .. • • . • • . • 235 CHAPTER SIX. SL~Y AND ANALYTICAL CONCLUSIONS • 242 ANALYTICAL CONCLUSIONS • • 256 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . • . • 266 .. - ._._--------- 7 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1- COMPARISON OF TOTALITARIAN AIm AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES • • • • • • • • • 15 TABLE 2: TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN DICTATORS 52 TABLE 3: TOTALITARI~~ AND AUTHORITARIAN PARTIES 96 TABLE 4: RATIO OF TOTALITARIAN P~~TY MEMBERSHIP TO POPULA'rION • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 103 TABLE 5: FORCE AND VIOLENCE IN TOTALITARIANISM AND AUTHORITARI~~ISM. • • • • • • • • • • • 147 TABLE 6: A COMPARISON OF VIOLENCE AND REPRESSION IN CUBA AND PARAGUAY • • • • • • • • • • • • • 160 TABLE 7: MOBILIZATION AND LEGITIMACY IN TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES •• 198 TABLE 8: DICTATORSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT . • • • . • . 238 .- .~. ------------- 8 ABSTRACT In Latin A..1!1erica, the regimes of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner are indiscriminately posited as representative cases reflecting the similarities and differences of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. This work tests the more general typology by studying the contrasting institutions, processes, and styles of the Castro and stroessner autocracies. It seeks to determine the ut,ili ty in further use of larger constructs and whether merit exists for scholars and policymakers to habitually label Cuba totalitarian and Para:guay authoritarian. 'Totalitarianism emerged as an analytic concept as social scientists attempted to understand the distinctive characteristic of the Hitler and Stalin regimes from other forms of dictatorship. While authoritarian regimes are generally based on history and tradition, leaving intact existing arrangements regarding wealth, status, church, family, and traditional social behavior, totalitarian regimes aim to revolutionize and politicize society, culture, and personality. They claim jurisdiction over the whole life of the citizenry and obliterate the boundaries between public and private. Despite the corpus applicable to totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and Latin America, few studies exist - - --_. ------ ------------_._.- 9 melding all three topics in a comparative context. Paraguay has long remained outside the mainstream of serious study by political scientists. Yet stroessner's 34-year dictatorship was one of the world's most durable. This research contributes to a better understanding of a nation and regime begging scholarly attention. stroessner's downfall leaves Castro's Cuba the Western Hemisphere's oldest non-democracy and provokes analysis ~ re.vealing certain organizational resemblances common to both regimes. Divergences relate more fully to sui generis social forces, forms of government, and geopolitics. The work systematically analyzes the differences and similarities between Cuba and Paraguay, linking them to the larger typologies by focusing on four distinguishing variables comprising the totalitarian syndrome: 1.) the supreme leader; 2)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter One: Introduction
    CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways.
    [Show full text]
  • DOING BUSINESS in PARAGUAY October, 2020
    THE POWER OF BEING UNDERSTOOD DOING BUSINESS IN PARAGUAY October, 2020 THE POWER OF BEING UNDERSTOOD AUDIT | TAX | CONSULTING PARAGUAY Population Geographical location The current population of Paraguay is 7.2 million inhabitants (with an average population density of 17.3 inhab./sq Paraguay is located at the heart of South America, between km), unevenly distributed across the territory. The largest parallels 19° 18’ and 27° 30` South latitude and meridians 54° population of Paraguay lives in Asunción in the Western 15` and 62° 38` longitude West of Greenwich. region, as well as in the big cities close to Argentina and Brazil. It is bounded by Argentina to the South East, South and The informal economic activity proportion in Paraguay is high, South West; by Bolivia, to the North and by Brazil to the and it is estimated at 39% of the GDP. The working population East. Given its navigable rivers, particularly the Paraná and aging more than 15 years is 70% and the unemployment rate Paraguay rivers, it has a fluvial outlet to the Río de la Plata reaches 6.9%. which in turn discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. The Paraguayan labor market is featured by a high Asunción is the capital city, located on the left margin of the underemployment rate and a predominance of activities Paraguay river, where 37% of the population is concentrated. requiring lower labor force qualifications. Other important cities are: Ciudad del Este, Encarnación, Pedro Juan Caballero, Salto del Guairá, some of which share Political system their boundaries with Brazil and Argentina, with which it has a Paraguay is a presidential republic where the President is the fluid commercial, social and cultural exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in Paraguay: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
    Doing Business in Paraguay: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter 1: Doing Business In Paraguay Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research, and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business In Paraguay Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Paraguay has a small but rapidly growing open economy (13.6 percent GDP growth in 2013), with strong demand for U.S. manufactured products, and the potential for continued growth over the next decade. U.S.-Paraguay goods trade surpassed $2.2 billion in 2013, with the United States enjoying a $1.6 billion surplus. U.S. goods exports of $1.9 billion included machinery, video games, perfumes and cosmetics, vehicles, and agricultural products. Imports from Paraguay, totaling $277 million, were primarily soybeans, sugar, wood, gold, and corn. Paraguay generally has a strong macroeconomic position. Total foreign direct investment was $4.5 billion in 2012, with the majority directed to the services sector. The United States is the largest foreign investor in Paraguay, followed by Brazil, Argentina, and Spain. Foreign exchange reserves are USD 5.8 billion, about twice the amount of its external debt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Foundations of Authoritarian Rule
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2017 The conomicE Foundations of Authoritarian Rule Clay Robert Fuller University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Fuller, C. R.(2017). The Economic Foundations of Authoritarian Rule. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4202 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF AUTHORITARIAN RULE by Clay Robert Fuller Bachelor of Arts West Virginia State University, 2008 Master of Arts Texas State University, 2010 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2014 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2017 Accepted by: John Hsieh, Major Professor Harvey Starr, Committee Member Timothy Peterson, Committee Member Gerald McDermott, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright Clay Robert Fuller, 2017 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION for Henry, Shannon, Mom & Dad iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks goes to God, the unconditional love and support of my wife, parents and extended family, my dissertation committee, Alex, the institutions of the United States of America, the State of South Carolina, the University of South Carolina, the Department of Political Science faculty and staff, the Walker Institute of International and Area Studies faculty and staff, the Center for Teaching Excellence, undergraduate political science majors at South Carolina who helped along the way, and the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Cults of Personality, Preference Falsification, and the Dictator's
    Cults of personality, preference falsification, and the dictator's dilemma Charles Crabtreex, Holger L. Kerny, and David A. Siegelz Abstract: We provide a novel rational explanation for why cults of personality exist: they solve the dictator's adverse selection problem in assigning subordinates to roles within the regime. Participation in a cult of personality is psychologically costly whenever it involves preference falsification, with the costs varying across individuals. Importantly, low psychological costs of preference falsification are correlated with traits the dictator values, such as unscrupulousness and ruthlessness, which we collectively term disposition-based competence. Under a wide variety of circumstances, this correlation makes participation in cults of personality informative from the dictator's point of view, allowing him to hire loyal and competent subordinates for the most important regime positions. In contrast to earlier formal work, our model implies that dictators can use cults of personality to avoid the loyalty-competence trade-off when promoting subordinates. We thank Quintin Beazer, Jens Grosser, Timur Kuran, Andrew Little, Eddy Malesky, Melanie Manion, Arturas Rozenas, Rory Truex, Nils Weidmann, and participants at the 2017 MPSA Conference and the 2017 ESTA workshop at Konstanz University for their very helpful feedback. x PhD cand., Department of Political Science, University of Michigan. y Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Florida State University. z Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Duke University. In 2001, Saparmurad Niyazov, who ruled Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006, announced the publication of his first book. Called Ruhnama (The Book of the Soul), it contained answers to \all of life's questions" and became required reading in all schools, universities, and workplaces.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation
    Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses Summer 7-14-2011 The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation Kalyna Macko Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Macko, Kalyna, "The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation" (2011). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 68. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/68 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Macko 1 The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation By: Kalyna Macko Pell Senior Thesis Primary Advisor: Dr. Jane Bethune Secondary Advisor: Dr. Clark Merrill Macko 2 Macko 3 Thesis Statement: The combined nationalist sentiments and opposition of these particular Basques to the Fascist regime of General Franco explained the violence of the terrorist group ETA both throughout his rule and into the twenty-first century. I. Introduction II. Basque Differences A. Basque Language B. Basque Race C. Conservative Political Philosophy III. The Formation of the PNV A. Sabino Arana y Goiri B. Re-Introduction of the Basque Culture C. The PNV as a Representation of the Basques IV. The Oppression of the Basques A. Targeting the Basques B. Primo de Rivera C. General Francisco Franco D. Bombing of Guernica E.
    [Show full text]
  • Rise of Totalitarianism Ch
    RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM CH. 14.1-Revolutions in Russia Objective Review 1. What led to the Russian Revolution? 2. What was the March Revolution? 3. What were Lenin’s reforms? Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin returns: Lenin in disguise, Petrograd, April 1917 w/o beard – Germany knows Lenin would stir unrest • Hurt Russian war effort • Returns in armored RR car, under German protection –* “Peace, Land, and Bread” Bolsheviks in Power • Red Guard – Armed Bolshevik enforcers • Arrest Provisional govt. officials, later disappear… • Royal family Murdered • * Russians support Bolsheviks -Call for Immediate peace with the Germans in WWI – Peasants receive farmland – Workers control factories – March 1918 sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Civil War Rages in Russia 1918-1920 • Red Army 1920 Lenin cleanses the earth – Bolsheviks • Vladimir Lenin is leader – Leon Trotsky military genius – Joseph Stalin political genius • White Army – Any one who was not a Bolshevik – Western nations, U.S. (sent aid) • Bolsheviks victorious • 14 million die (Due to Revolution) Lenin Restores Order • Lenin needs to restore industry • 1921 New Economic Policy (NEP) – Major industries, banks, ran by the state – Some small businesses, foreign investment encouraged – 1928 econ. back to pre- WWI levels Political Reforms • Nationalism seen as a threat Karl Marx 1818-1883 – Russia organized into small, self ran republics Known as: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics AKA: USSR, or Soviet Union • Bolshevik party becomes the Communist Party – Idea from Karl Marx – Est. dictatorship of the Communist Party not of the proletariat like Marx said Stalin Becomes dictator • 1922 Lenin suffers Leon Trotsky stroke – Who will take power? • Trotsky or Stalin • 1922-1929 struggle Joseph Stalin ensues – 1929 Stalin (political genius) forces Trotsky into exile – Stalin becomes leader (dictator) ET FINISH ALL NOTES 55…#13…BUT WAIT FOR MORE INSTRUCTIONS! Totalitarianism Chapter 14, Section 2 What is Totalitarianism? • A government that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Asymmetry and Institutional Shortfall in Mercosur: Predictions For
    Economic asymmetry and institutional shortfall in Mercosur: predictions for deepening Mercosur integration Master in Advanced European and International Studies – MAEIS Anglophone Branch Academic year 2012-2013 Master thesis Author: F.E. Bakker Supervisor: M. Waechter June 2013 Master Thesis Master in Advanced European and International Studies Author: Fleur Bakker Supervisor: M. Waechter June 2013 Table of content List of tables..............................................................................iii List of Abbreviations.................................................................iv 1. Introduction……………………………………………………1 1.1 Scope and structure……………………………………………………1 1.2 Research question……………………………………………………..3 2. The Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)……………….4 2.1 A growing alliance between Brazil and Argentina: the origins and evolution of Mercosur…………………………………………………5 2.2 The neo-liberal years…………………………………………………..6 2.3 The start and transition period of Mercosur towards a crisis………….7 2.4 The crisis years of Mercosur…………………………………………..9 2.5 The turn to the left…………………………………………..………..11 3. The institutional framework of Mercosur and the European Union…………………………………………………...…….12 3.1 The decision making bodies within Mercosur…………………………....12 3.1.1 Parliamentary power in Mercosur……………………………..…...13 3.1.2 Popular representation in Mercosur…………………………...…..15 3.1.3 The Secretariat of Mercosur and its powers…………………....…16 3.1.4 Judiciary power within Mercosur………………………………….16 3.1.5 Mercosur’s legal system……………..………………………….....18 3.2.1
    [Show full text]
  • Paraguay, 1954-2003*
    REVISTA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA / VOLUMEN XXIV / Nº 2 / 2004 / 67 – 93 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLICYMAKING PROCESSES, AND POLICY OUTCOMES IN PARAGUAY, 1954-2003* JOSÉ MOLINAS INSTITUTO DESARROLLO, PARAGUAY ANÍBAL PÉREZ LIÑÁN UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, ESTADOS UNIDOS SEBASTIÁN SAIEGH UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, ESTADOS UNIDOS Resumen Este artículo caracteriza la evolución del proceso de elaboración de políticas (PMP) en Paraguay durante el período 1954–2003. El siguiente trabajo ofrece una perspectiva general del PMP durante la dictadura de Alfredo Stroessner (1954–89) y explora el contexto institucional resultante a partir de 1989. Tras analizar la fragmentación del partido Colorado, se describen los patrones característicos de la elabora- ción de políticas surgidas con la Constitución de 1992. Se sostiene como hipótesis que la presencia de un amplio número de jugadores con capacidad de veto ha dificultado el cambio y que los legisladores tienden a promover políticas particularistas. Para poner a prueba tal supuesto, utiliza una base de datos que contiene los proyectos de ley ingresados al Congreso desde abril de 1992. Las conclusiones sugie- ren que el proceso político paraguayo puede ser flexible para generar beneficios particularistas y rígido a la hora de realizar amplias transformaciones de tipo regulatorio o redistributivo. Abstract This paper characterizes the evolution of Paraguay’s policymaking process (PMP) between 1954 and 2003. We present an overview of the PMP under the rule of Alfredo Stroessner (1954–89) and explore the institutional setting emerging after 1989. We discuss how the Colorado Party progressively broke up into several factions and characterize the distinctive patterns of policymaking that emerged after the adoption of the 1992 Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • In Bolivia: the Political Activities of Branko Marinković Rajković, Ana
    www.ssoar.info Opposing the policy of the twenty-first century socialism in Bolivia: the political activities of Branko Marinković Rajković, Ana Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Rajković, A. (2015). Opposing the policy of the twenty-first century socialism in Bolivia: the political activities of Branko Marinković. Südosteuropäische Hefte, 4(2), 37-47. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454920 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Ana Rajković – Opposing the Policy of the Twenty-First Century Socialism in Bolivia Ana Rajković Opposing the Policy of the Twenty-First Century Socialism1 in Bolivia The Political Activities of Branko Marinković Abstract The Marinković family, which originated from the island of Brač, immigrated to the eastern Bolivian province of Santa Cruz in the mid-1950s. Thanks to a successful agricultural business, among other things, the family has become one of the richest and most influential families in Bolivia. Some analysts link Branko Marinković's origins with his oppositional activities in Bolivia. This is due to the fact that Marinković compares the contemporary “Twenty-first century socialism” policies of Bolivian president Evo Morales with the communist policies of Tito in Yugoslavia.
    [Show full text]
  • Security and Freedom-That Is Today’S Great Challenge
    SECURITYand FREEDOM the GREAT CHALLENGE Thirtieth Annual Report of the American Civil Liberties Union Dedicated to ROGER N. BALDWIN Esecntive Director 1920-1910 JOHN HAYNES HOLMES Chairman of the Board of Directors 1940- 19 T 0 EDWARD A. ROSS Chairman of the National Committee 1940-1950 with Respect, Gratitude and Affection TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--“A FREE NATION OF FREE PEOPLE” 5 SECURITY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES .,.. 10 A. GENERAL ANTI-SEDITION LBGISLAI‘IVE EFFORTS 10 1. The McCarran Act ,. .,, 10 2. “Little McCarran” Acts 3. The Smith Act .,. ,.,..... ,.. :i 4. House Un-American Activities Committee ,........ .,............ 5. House Lobbying Committee ::, 6. State Investigations 17 B. SKIJRITY AND LOYAL’IY AMONG EMPLOYEES 17 1. Federal Program 2. The McCarthy Charges ::, 3. State and Local Programs; 4. Private Programs’ 22 C. OTHER THREATS TO FREEDOM OF OPINION 25 1. General Free Speech .,,....,,..,.... 2. Radio and Movies ., :: 3. Magazines and Books ..,. .._........... 29 4. Schools and Colleges .._.......... 5. Labor Unions .._...... 6. Aliens .._ .,..... .,.. .._ 7. Conscientious Objection __....,.._.........._.,..,,.......,,........................... D. OTHER THREATS TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW 1. Wiretapping ..,,...., .,..... 2. Bail Cases 3. Picketing of Courts 4. Grand Juries 38 THE FIRST FREEDOM .._............... 39 A. GENERAL FREE EXPRESSION .._.............................. B. LABOR ,,., . .. .. .. .. .. :; C. CENSORSHIP .,,,,.. ,.,... 40 D. RELIGION .,.. 44 DUE PROCESS OF LAW ,. 46 A. WIRETAPPING ,, ., .,,.... ..,...,_ .,, .,... .., .,.. 46 B. FAIR TRIAL .., 48 C. PUNISHMENT ,,... ,, 49 EQUALITY 49 A. MINORITIES ..~... 50 B. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES .._......... .._...... 53 1. Employment and Education .._ 2. Housing and Public Accommodations :; 3. Voting and Fair Trial .,.... ,... 55 C. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS 56 1. Social 56 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Amnesty International Newsletter
    amnesty international newsletter Vol. III No. 9 Se tember 1973 Founded 1961 OLIVE prisoner issue. Under the agreement 90,000 Pakistanis, mainly AI WELCOMES RELEASE OF PRISONERSmilitary prisoners of war, were to be released from Indian camps, 160,000 Bengalis were to be AND CALLS FOR PROBE INTO TORTUREallowed to leave Pakistan, and the possibility AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL welcomed President GE- was opened for about 260,000 Biharis from Bang- ORGE PAPADOPOULOS' announcement August 19 of an ladesh to go to Pakistan. amnesty for political prisoners in Greece but Some of the Bengalis and some Pakistani civi- expressed concern that those imprisoned before lians in India were adopted byAI groups. The the 1967 coup had not been included. International Secretariat said a further 260 AI Secretary General MARTIN ENNALS called for people arrested in Pakistan in May were about a tribunal of enquiry into allegations that ma- to be adopted when the accord was announced. ny of the released prisoners had been tortured. These cases were collected during a recent re- The Papadopoulos announcement, made on his search mission to the Indian sub-continent. accession to the presidency, resulted in free- Secretary General MARTIN ENNALS wrote last dom for about 350 prisoners, including many ad- January to Prime Minister INDIRA GANDHI of In- opted by AI groups. The president also ended dia and President ALI ZULFIKAR BHUTTO of Paki- martial law and pardoned his would-be assassin, stan urging the immediate release of all the ALEXANDROS PANAGOULIS, and the latter's broth- prisoners (FebruaryNewsletter). er, STATHIS PANAGOULIS (FebruaryNewsletter). Alexandros, although not adopted byAI because REPORT CONDEMNS BRUTAL TREATMENT he attempted to use violence, was known to have OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN SPAIN suffered terrible torture in detention.
    [Show full text]