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NORTHMUNC II OPERATION CONDOR, 1976 Chair: Ryan Zhang

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NORTHMUNC II OPERATION CONDOR, 1976 Chair: Ryan Zhang NORTHMUNC II OPERATION CONDOR, 1976 Chair: Ryan Zhang 1 Letter from the Chair: Dear Delegates, My name is Ryan Zhang, and I will be serving as the Chair of the “Operation Condor” crisis committee. I am currently a Senior at West Windsor-Plainsboro High School North and have been travelling with the North MUN team since my Freshman year. I currently serve as the Under- Secretary-General of Communications and have the pleasure of training our many passionate delegates. It is my distinct honor to lead the dedicated team that will make up your Dais and Crisis Staff. They are all exceptionally talented delegates in their own right, and we look forward to making your day one of exciting debate, thrilling crises, and ultimately a great learning opportunity. We can’t wait to see you! Sincerely Ryan Zhang Chair, “Operación Cóndor” 2 Letter from the Moderator: Dear Delegates, My name is Albert Sebastian, and as Crisis Director, it is my pleasure to welcome you to Operation Condor! I am a junior at WW-P High School North and have been involved with Model United Nations for the past two years. Throughout my career as a delegate, I have been involved in a diverse array of committees - from General Assemblies to corporate boards and crisis cabinets. I hope to bring this varied perspective to NORTHMUNC II when creating and implementing multitudes of crisis updates. When I’m not working to bring the best possible conference to you this October, you can find me watching a range of television programs, from documentaries to House of Cards, or scouting for new additions to my numismatic (coin and bill) collection, which I have been working on since the age of 9. I eagerly await how you, as delegates, will find solutions to the problems that threaten to undermine the order and stability of both Latin America and the world as a whole, as well as advancing your own country’s goals and strategic aims. Feel free to contact me at any time at the following email: [email protected]. Sincerely, Albert Sebastian Crisis Director, “Operación Cóndor” [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… .5 Timeline of Events…………………………………………………………………………..6 Committee Positions………………………………………………………………………...7 A Guide to Militant/Intelligence Groups Currently Operating in Latin America………….11 Organizations Friendly to Operation Condor………………………………………………12 Organizations Hostile to Operation Condor…………………………………………...........13 Challenges ……………………………………………………………………………….....15 Format of Committee and Committee Powers …………………………………………......16 4 Introduction Panama Canal Zone. In 1965, it was declared that the CAA would meet biannually. ¡Bienvenido! Bem vindo! Delegates, As a result of the efforts of the CAA, a welcome to the command room of Operation continent-wide communication and Condor. The year is 1976, and the great intelligence network was created. In the late nations of Latin America face immense 1960s and early 1970s, left-leaning, anti- challenges, ranging from economic American governments were elected across stagnation to the emerging drug trade. What Latin America and then deposed by the looms above all, however, is the threat that militaries of those governments. The military you are tasked to defeat - political dissent and coups were often conducted with the advocacy for anything other than the right- acquiescence, and even outright aid, of the wing dictatorships that rule most of your U.S. government. Top-secret meetings took countries. At the same time that you are place between the military governments of carrying out your joint effort to stamp out countries including Argentina, Paraguay, democratic movements, you will be putting Brazil, Uruguay, and Bolivia. Through a into practice the policies and territorial aims diplomatic network, information about of your respective countries. Do not forget political figures, military personnel, and that your primary responsibility lies to the government officials was circulated nation that you lead, and not to the Operation throughout these nations. - should you fail to remember this, you may However, the formal initiation of very well end up losing your life. ¡Buena Operation Condor did not happen until late Suerte! November 1975, under the Background and History instructions of the Pinochet regime in In 1960, a year after Fidel Chile. This Castro’s successful revolution in multinational pact of Cuba, American General cooperation was Theodore F. Bogart invited his named after Chile's Latin American colleagues to national bird, the discuss the rapid spread of Condor. The secret communism. In a mission of founding document “continental defense against was signed by five of communism”, Latin American figures and the highest-ranking intelligence officers in the United States decided to join together to the Southern Cone, representing the original eradicate any trace of leftism from South member nations: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, America. This meeting resulted in the annual Paraguay, and Conference of American Armies (CAA), first Bolivia. Later on, Brazil, Peru, and held at Fort Amador in the U.S.-controlled Ecuador joined the other member nations. Although the Central American nations of 5 Nicaragua and El Salvador are not formally part of the Operation, they are linked to it 1936 - After deposing elected through an Argentine-run program known as President Juan Bautista Sacasa, Operation Charly, which provides military Nicaraguan General Anastasio aid to right-wing dictatorships fighting leftist Somoza García engineers a insurgents in those two countries. fraudulent vote and places the country Condor specializes in targeted abductions, under the control of his family. disappearances, interrogations, torture, and transfers of people across borders. Operation 1954 - General Alfredo Stroessner Condor has three main phases. The first was takes control of Paraguay after mutual cooperation among military expelling President Federico Chavez. intelligence services. This includes coordination of political and government 1961 - Colonel Julio Adalberto surveillance along with the exchange of Rivera-Carballo launches a military intelligence. The second is organized cross- coup in El Salvador. After taking border operations to detain/”disappear” power, he commissions death squads dissidents and protestors. The third and most to begin the small-scale murder of secretive is the targeted murder of political leftists. dissidents by death squads. In order to carry out this phase, highly skilled assassins from 1964 - Under the leadership of the member nations are arranged into special Brazilian Generals Pascoal Ranieri teams to carry out assassinations of Mazzili, Olímpio Mourão Filho, subversive enemies. This phase is Humberto Castelo Branco, and Artur specifically aimed at political leaders who are da Costa e Silva, left-wing President feared for their potential to change world João Goulart is deposed and sent into opinion regarding communism or organize exile in then-friendly Argentina. The broad opposition to the military states. president of multinational corporation International Telephones The abundance of countries, dictators and Telegraph prompts President and information has made Operation Condor Johnson to aid the new military more than just a political campaign. It has leaders. turned it into a struggle of power and influence between South American countries, 1971 - General Hugo Banzer took both amongst each other, as long held power in Bolivia through a series of territorial claims resurface, and against the military coups after president René common enemy of leftism. Barrientos died in 1969. 1972 - The intelligence services of Events Leading Up to the Creation of Argentina and Paraguay signed a Operation Condor secret agreement to facilitate a mutual 6 collaboration in the struggle against Lara is overthrown in a military coup subversion. The police forces of both led by Admiral Alfredo Poveda. of these nations would join forces in the exchange of information to April 1976 - Isabel Perón is undermine and eliminate subversive overthrown in a military coup led by groups, and coordinate the internment General Jorge Rafael Videla, who of dissenters. ramps up a campaign of murder and “disappearance” of dissidents across June 1973 - Civilian President of the continent. Operation Charly is Uruguay Juan Bordaberry dissolves begun by the Argentine Armed Congress and suspends the Forces. constitution. September 1973 - The Presidential Committee Positions Palace in Santiago, Chile is bombed and attacked by military forces under General Jorge Rafael Videla - President of the command of General Augusto Argentina: Pinochet. Socialist and anti-American President Salvador Allende commits General Videla has recently seized power suicide as the palace is stormed by from President Isabel Perón and now leads Pinochet’s troops. South America’s wealthiest nation, 1974 - Populist Argentine President albeit inheriting a Juan Domingo Perón dies. He is host of problems replaced as president by his wife, from his Isabel, who begins commissioning predecessor, from death squads. hyperinflation and riots to the spectre August 1975 - Ailing Peruvian of the mysterious President Juan Velasco is deposed by and feared Montonero insurgency. The scion Prime Minister General Francisco of a powerful rural family descended from Morales Bermúdez, who promises a one of Argentina’s founding fathers, Videla “return” to democracy that never represents the conservative aristocracy that arrives. has long been firmly against
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