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From a Subtidal Habitat of Jeju Island, Korea

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From a Subtidal Habitat of Jeju Island, Korea Note Algae 2020, 35(4): 349-359 https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2020.35.12.3 Open Access Umbraulva yunseulla sp. nov. (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) from a subtidal habitat of Jeju Island, Korea Hyung Woo Lee1, Eun Hee Bae2 and Myung Sook Kim1,3,* 1Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea 2Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 3Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea Specimens of Umbraulva with greenish iridescent were collected in the subtidal zone of Jeju Island, Korea. To in- vestigate these collections, plastid rbcL and tufA sequencing of six greenish iridescent specimens, including four Um- braulva japonica, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated multigene alignment found that the greenish iridescent specimens belonged to a yet undescribed taxon in the genus Umbraulva. We herein propose the name Um. yunseulla sp. nov. for this specimens. Juveniles of Um. yunseulla sp. nov. resemble the generitype Um. japonica in ap- pearance, showing globular to subglobular and funnel-shaped habits, but the blades of this new species are not split longitudinally like those of Um. japonica. Although the multigene phylogenetic tree showed the polyphyletic clade of Umbraulva with respect to the genus Ryuguphycus, Um. yunseulla sp. nov. formed a clade with Um. japonica and Um. amamiensis by weak bootstrap support. These findings,Um. yunseulla sp. nov., highlight the importance of studying the biodiversity of subtidal habitats from Jeju Island, Korea and further emphasize the need for investigations of macroalgae in the mesophotic zone around the Korean peninsula. Key Words: biodiversity; greenish iridescent; phylogeny; rbcL; taxonomy; tufA; Umbraulva yunseulla sp. nov. INTRODUCTION The genus Umbraulva was segregated from the genus and Um. kaloakulau H. L. Spalding & A. R. Sherwood Ulva by Bae and Lee (2001) and includes three species were described as new species from specimens collected previously described as U. amaniensis Tanaka (type lo- at depths of 80-125 m in mesophotic ecosystems of the cality: Amami-Oshima, Japan), U. japonica (Holmes) Hawaiian Archipelago based on vegetative morphology Papenfuss (type locality: Enoshima, Japan), and U. oliva- and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal tran- scens Dangeard (type locality: Roscoff, France). Umbraul- scribed spacer (ITS) region, ribulose-1,5-biphosphate va is distinguished from Ulva Linnaeus by its distinct carboxylase large subunit (rbcL), and elongation factor olive-green blade, subtidal habitat, and the presence of Tu (tufA) genes (Spalding et al. 2016). Although it was the pigment siphonaxanthin (Bae and Lee 2001), which known that Umbraulva includes five species taxonomi- pigment can grow in deeper waters because they absorb cally (Guiry and Guiry 2020), the new genus Ryuguphycus green light in the 540-nm range (Yokohama 1981). Um- H. Kawai, T. Hanyuda & T. Kitayama, which includes R. braulva kuaweu weu H. L. Spalding & A. R. Sherwood kuaweuweu (formerly Um. kuaweuweu) as the generi- This is an Open Access article distributed under the Received September 4, 2020, Accepted December 3, 2020 terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Com- Corresponding Author mercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which * permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction E-mail: [email protected] in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tel: +82-64-754-3523, Fax: +82-64-756-3520 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Phycology 349 http://e-algae.org pISSN: 1226-2617 eISSN: 2093-0860 Algae 2020, 35(4): 349-359 type, was recently separated from the genus Umbraulva depths of 8-15 m in subtidal areas around four annexed based on its distinctive morphology, life history, carot- islets (Hyeongjeseom, Munseom, Seopseom, and Udo) of enoid composition, and molecular phylogeny (Kawai et Jeju Island, Korea. The fresh samples were photographed al. 2020). using an Olympus TG-4 waterproof digital camera (Olym- Two Umbraulva species, Um. amamiensis and Um. pus, Tokyo, Japan). Thallus fragments of each specimen japonica, have been reported from subtidal habitats in were dried for molecular analyses using silica gel. Prior Korea (National Institute of Biological Resources 2019); to describing morphological characters, the samples however, it is very difficult to identify species correctly were preserved in 5% formalin in seawater and sectioned based on a few traditional morpho-anatomical charac- using a bench-top freezing microtome (NK-101-II; Nip- teristics such as blade shape and thickness, presence / pon Optical Works Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Sectioned ma- absence of microscopic marginal denticulation, and terials were stained with 1% aniline blue acidified with rhizoidal filament type (Spalding et al. 2016, Kawai et al. 1% HCl after bleaching under sunlight. Sections were 2020). The plastid markers rbcL and tufA have been used mounted in 35% corn syrup and photographed under a to delimit species boundaries in Umbraulva, including microscope (BX43; Olympus) using an EOS 600D digital several new undescribed specimens (Heesch et al. 2009, camera (Canon, Tokyo, Japan). Digitized images were ed- Kirkendale et al. 2013). Therefore, it is necessary to study ited for clarity using Adobe Photoshop software (ver. 6.1; the systematics of this genus using molecular phyloge- Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Pressed herbar- netic information and/or monitor the occurrence of ium specimens were deposited as voucher specimens in invasive species in subtidal areas. During subtidal zone the herbaria of Jeju National University (JNUB) and the surveys around Jeju Island, Korea, we discovered a novel National Institute of Biological Resources (KB), Incheon, Umbraulva species; this finding is supported by molecu- Korea. lar analyses and morphological observations. The objec- Total genomic DNA of two Umbraulva species (Table tives of this study were to determine the taxonomic po- 1) was extracted following the protocol of the LaboPass sition of this new species, assess its genetic differences Tissue Genomic DNA Isolation Kit Mini (Cosmo Genet- from related taxa, and discuss the phylogenetic relation- ech, Seoul, Korea). All polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ships of Umbraulva based on the plastid rbcL and tufA processes were performed using AccuPower PCR Premix genes. (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea), following the manufacturer’s protocol. We amplified and sequenced the plastid genes rbcL and tufA and analyzed nuclear 18S rRNA from an MATERIALS AND METHODS unidentified Umbraulva species. In the present study, the primer combinations for rbcL, tufA, and 18S rRNA- Using scuba gear, we collected six specimens of a new 5P were GrbcLFi (Saunders and Kucera 2010) or RH1 Umbraulva candidate and four of Um. japonica from (Manhart 1994) / 1385R (Manhart 1994), tufGF4 / tufGR Table 1. Sequence information of Umbraulva yunseulla sp. nov. and Umbraulva japonica analyzed newly in this study Species GenBank accession No. Date Site Voucher No. rbcL tufA 18S rRNA Umbraulva yunseulla H. W. Lee, E. H. Bae & M. S. Kim MSK-GA00064 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea - MT978114 MT978101 MSK-GA00068 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea - MT978115 - MSK-GA00069 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea MT978109 MT978116 - MSK-GA00070 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea - MT978117 - MSK-GA00071 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea MT978110 MT978118 - MSK-GA00072 Jan 30, 2013 Munseom, Jeju, Korea - MT978119 - Umbraulva japonica (Holmes) Bae & I. K. Lee MSK-JDWT24 Dec 27, 2017 Jongdal, Jeju, Korea MT978123 MT978107 - MSK-JDWT25 Dec 27, 2017 Jongdal, Jeju, Korea MT978124 MT978108 - MSK-SYWT98 Jan 2, 2018 Shinyang, Jeju, Korea MT978125 MT978105 - MSK-SYWT99 Jan 2, 2018 Shinyang, Jeju, Korea MT978126 MT978106 - https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2020.35.12.3 350 Lee et al. Umbraulva yunseulla sp. nov. (Saunders and Kucera 2010), and SSU-A (Medlin et al. (MT978101; 530 bp). Phylogenetic analysis of the plas- 1988) / SSU_inR (Manhart 1994), respectively. The PCR tid rbcL and tufA sequences showed that the six new amplification procedure followed that of Saunders and Umbraulva sp. specimens from Jeju Island were sepa- Kucera (2010). All successfully amplified PCR products rated from other species within Umbraulva clade in a were purified using an AccuPrep PCR Purification Kit (Bi- fully supported clade (BS, 100), with sister to Um. kalo- oneer) and sequenced by Macrogen (Seoul, Korea) using akulau from Hawaii, USA (Figs 1 & 2). The rbcL phylog- forward and reverse primers. Additional rbcL and tufA eny showed that the novel Umbraulva sp. had diverged sequences for the phylogenetic analysis were selected from the Um. japonica clade from Korea (MT978123, from GenBank (Supplementary Table S1). The rbcL and MT978124, MT978125, and MT978126) including the ge- tufA datasets were aligned visually using the BioEdit soft- neritype from Japan (AB097612 and LC507134), as well ware (Hall 1999) after editing the Umbraulva sequences as Um. amamiensis (AB097614 and LC 507131), with an obtained in this study using Chromas ver. 1.45 software interspecific variation of 2.6-3.3% and 2.6%, respectively (Technelysium Pty Ltd., South Brisbane, Australia). Varia- (Fig. 1). Higher interspecific divergence among Um- tions in the rbcL and tufA sequences were assessed based braulva species was observed in the tufA phylogenentic on uncorrected pairwise genetic distances (p-distance) analysis compared
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