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Research on Forming Conditions and Enrichment Rules of Coal Bed Methane in West Henan

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Research on Forming Conditions and Enrichment Rules of Coal Bed Methane in West Henan 2016 International Conference on Power Engineering & Energy, Environment (PEEE 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-376-2 Research on Forming Conditions and Enrichment Rules of Coal Bed Methane in West Henan Junmin Zhang1, Yaming Yao2, Jianjun Chen3, Juanjuan Zhao2, Fei Zhao2 1Department of Mining Engineering Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Wulumuqi 830023 China 2School of Resources & Environment North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011 China 3School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065 China [email protected] , [email protected] Key words: West Henan, coal bed methane, forming condition, resource evaluation, favorable area choosing Abstract. Based on the analysis of coalfield geological characteristics, forming conditions and distribution law in such coal aggregation areas as Jiaozuo, Pingdingshan and Yima in West Henan, this paper studies macroscopic lithotypes of coal, microcal rock components and features of thermal evolution focusing on air content and influential factors, especially features of thermal evolution and influence of fault development on coal bed methane content. Main physical and chemical properties for coal bed methane, including gas saturation, desorption rate, crustal stress and critical pressure received special attention, including a contrast with main coal bed methane aggregation area in North China. After calculation, coal bed methane content in main blocks exceeds 12000×108m3, and thus Pingdingshan and Jiaozuo are ideal mining areas for coal bed methane in the future. Foundation items: Xinjiang science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（201491105） “coal bed methane causing low coal rank enrichment regularity, fracturing technology, upper and lower joint exploration well comprehensive application technology development and demonstration”, key points of scientific research in colleges and universities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (20130523135425562) of project funding of “Fukang City of Xinjiang coal bed methane efficient mining technology research”. 1. Introduction Being unconventional natural gas, coal bed methane is generated from coal bed and mainly accumulated in coal bed in an absorbed state. With methane as the main component, coal mine becomes mashgas. On one hand, it is listed among one of calamities for coal mine safety production and excessive emission will cause climate warming; on the other hand, it is an efficient and clean energy. Exploiting coal bed methane will help make full use of the clean energy, improve conditions for coal mine safety production and protect atmospheric environment human beings depending on, killing three birds with one stone. Favorable block for coal bed methane development is a key groundwork, since its research results directly determine success or failure. Increase in coal bed methane exploration practices prove coal reservoir in China which is featured by low permeability, low pressure, low saturation, strong heterogeneity and high coal rank, resulting from common and strong stimulation in late period, with active deep process and strong activity as the root. Medium-high metamorphic coal among coal resources in China is mainly distributed in North China coal-accumulation area Carboniferous—Permian and Southern China coal-accumulation area Permian coal-bearing strata. Coal-bearing basin in these periods belongs to reformed basin, and thus it is difficult to choose favorable block for coal bed methane development and to conduct the related research urgently. 2. West Henan Coal Bed Methane Geological and Geochemical Characteristics 2.1 Geological and geochemical characteristics for coal bed methane in West Henan Covering Hebi, Anyang, Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, Pingdingshan and Yima west of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, West Henan coal-bearing area is the main coal production base for Henan. Upper Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing series has stable sediment, great thickness of coal bed and wide distribution, with coal and coal bed methane reaching one trillion cubic meters, which lays foundation for coal bed methane development and utilization. Currently the focus lies in Pingdingshan in the middle and Jiaozuo in north-central area. However, there are obvious differences in coal bed methane content, coal bed fracture distribution rule and coal texture, as well as coal bed methane adsorption/desorption due to low coal rank for Pingdingshan and high coal rank for Jiaozuo. As a result, different block choosing method will be adopted to offer data on recourses potential truly and objectively. 2.2 Stratum and Sediment West Henan Carboniferous-Permian is mainly coal-bearing clastic deposit against rivers-coastal wetland environment. Composed of gray, grey-green and grey-white sandstone, gray and dark grey mudstone as well as limestone with coal bed in between. With sediment depth of 800-1200m, the stratum is divided into two systems, four series and six formations (refer to chart 1). Coal-bearing formations cover Carboniferous System Upper Series Taiyuan Formation, Permian System Lower Series Shanxi Formation, Xiashihezi Formation and Permian System Upper Series Shangshihezi Formation. Table 1. List of Main Coal Bed Depth in West Henan Shanxi Formation. coal bed no. Ⅱ１ Ⅱ２ (m) coal mine Min Max Average Min Max Average Shanmian 0.80 34.43 2.60 0.00 2.50 0.62 Xin’an 0.00 18.88 4.32 Yiluo 0.00 33.20 6.50 Yanlong 0.00 27.50 4.16 0.00 4.02 1.88 Xinggong 0.00 23.80 4.15 Xinmi 0.50 37.18 7.00 0.00 4.45 1.80 Dengfeng 0.18 17.13 4.60 Yuxian 0.15 17.18 5.50 Linru 0.00 22.17 4.52 Pingdingshan 1.49 31.10 5.50 Jiaozuo 2.20 38.2 6.4 2.3 Coal Lithotypes 2.3.1 Macroscopic Lithotypes of Coal According to underground observation for over 10 coal mines in Pingdingshan and Jiaozuo, coal petrography is mainly composed of bright coal and dull coal, followed by vitrain and fusain. As viewed from the longitudinal changes, the coal beds of Taiyuan and Shanxi Formation have similarities, with bright coal and semibright coal as the mainstay. Seen features of coal macroscopic lithotypes of various Carboniferous-Permian section as a whole, Shanxi Formation Ⅱ1 coal bed enjoys better coal lithotypes, with a simpler structure and being more favorable for coal bed methane generation and aggregation. 2.3.2 Microcal Rock Components After analyzing samples of Carboniferous-Permian main coal mines in West Henan, vitrinite content ranges from 44.6% to 99.67％, 60-80％ being on average; fusinite content ranges from 0% to 52.8％, 10-30％ being on average; exinite content is smaller than 2.0％ on average. There is obvious regularity for vitrinite content changes, being high up and low down, the highest for Taiyuan Formation, and then Shanxi Formation, Xiashihezi Formation and Shangshihezi Formation respectively. 2.4 Features of Thermal Evolution There are gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal, meager coal and anthracite from low to high for main coal ranks, with regularity for space distribution. Coal rank decreases gradually from north to south for Ⅱ1 coal, Shanxi Formation. Jiaozuo, Yanlong-Xinggong falls into anthracite area, Xin’an, Dengfeng, and Xinmi meager coal area, Shanmian, Yiluo, north Linru and Yuxian lean coal area, west Shanmian, south Linru and middle Pingdingshan coking coal and south Pingdingshan gas coal and fat coal. There is also a regularity for coal rank in a longitudinal direction. It takes a relatively decreasing trend for Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Shangshihezi and Xiashihezi Formation from bottom to top. As for a single coal mine, coal rank for Taiyuan Formation is higher than Shanxi Formation, with a difference of less than one coal rank, and higher than Shangshihezi and Xiashihezi Formation with 1-2 coal rank (Fig. 2). Table 2. Change Features of West Henan Carboniferous-Permian Coal Rank. formation Taiyuan Formation Shanxi Formation Xiashihezi Formation index volatile Coal volatile volatile Coal rank Coal rank Mine lot （%） rank （%） (%) Pingdingshan Fat & coking coal 18.96 lean coal 20.05 Coking coal 29.04 No.13 Mine Jiaozuo Encun 7.83 anthracit 9.42 anthracite e Yuxian Liangbei 16.44 22.30 Coking coal Mine Xinmi Xinzheng meager 12.92 13.45 meager coal 25.00 Coking coal Exploration Area coal Xinggong Jihe 4.33 anthracite 6.05 anthracite Mine Field Xin’an Mine Lot 16.02 lean coal 18.03 lean coal 20.05 Coking coal 3. Coal Bed Methane and Influential Factors There are many factors restricting coal bed methane. Factors restricting coal bed methane content in the oilfields such as Jiaozuo, Pingdingshan, Xinggong and Xin’an include evolution of coal metamorphism, effective overlying strata thickness over coal bed, structure conditions, macerals and ash yield after analysis and research. 3.1 Coal Evolution Coal in this area ranges from gas coal to anthracite. The higher coal metamorphism is, the more coal bed methane content there will be. Content of gas coal bed methane is four times of fat coal and coking coal. On one hand, as coal metamorphism is intensified, internal pore surface area gradually increases, leading to a greater adsorption to methane; on the other hand, being mainly tectonic coal, high-rank coal in the area has poor permeability, and thus coal bed methane is not easily desorbed, leading to a greater coal bed methane. Table 3. Statistics of Coal Bed Methane Content for Different Coal Rank in West Henan Shanxi Formation Ⅱ1 Coal (according to Jiang Yongfu). Coal bed methane content（m3/ t） Volatile Mine lot Coal rank Maximum Minimum Average flux（%） Deep Pingdingshan
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