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INVENTARISASI KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN POHON KAPUR (Dryobalanops Aromatica Colebr.)

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INVENTARISASI KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN POHON KAPUR (Dryobalanops Aromatica Colebr.) INVENTARISASI KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN POHON KAPUR (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr.) SKRIPSI OLEH: HARRY PRASETYO 130301153 AGROTEKNOLOGI - ILMU TANAH PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara INVENTARISASI KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN POHON KAPUR (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr.) SKRIPSI OLEH: HARRY PRASETYO 130301153 AGROTEKNOLOGI - ILMU TANAH Skripsi Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana di Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara Judul : Inventarisasi Karakteristik Lahan Pohon Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr) Nama : Harry Prasetyo Nim : 130301153 Prodi : Agroteknologi Minat : Ilmu Tanah Disetujui Oleh : Komisi Pembimbing Ketua Pembimbing Anggota Pembimbing (Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Rauf, MP.) (Prof. Ir. T. Sabrina, M.Agr.Sc.,Ph.D) NIP. 1959091719870110011 NIP. 196406201989032001 Mengetahui, Ketua Departemen/Program Studi (Dr. Ir. Sarifuddin, MP.) NIP. 196509031993031014 Universitas Sumatera Utara i ABSTRACT Harry Prasetyo, 2018. "Characteristics Inventory Soil of Kapur Trees (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr.)" supervised by Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Rauf, MP and Prof. Ir. T. Sabrina, M.Agr. Sc., Ph.D. This research was aimed to determine the characteristics soil of kapur trees (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr.) The research was conducted in the Garonggang, Pardomuan, District South Angkola, South Tapanuli Regency, Laboratory for Research and Technology Faculty of Agriculture at University of Sumatera Utara, Soil Fertility Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara, Analytical Laboratories PT. Socfindo, and Laboratory Center for Seed and Plant Protection Plantation Medan, from November 2017 to March 2018. This study using purposive sampling method. The results showed that characteristics of soil under the kapur trees (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr.) was was found varied enough that the cation exchange capacity (low and very low), C-organic (low, medium, and high), soil texture (sandy loam and sandy clay), pH (very acidic), and Ca-total (very low). Keywords: Characteristics of soil, Kapur tree, Dryobalanops aromatica, i Universitas Sumatera Utara ii ABSTRAK Harry Prasetyo, 2018. “Inventarisasi Karakteristik Lahan Pohon Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr)”” di bawah bimbingan Abdul Rauf dan Tengku Sabrina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lahan pohon kapur Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Garonggang, kelurahan Pardomuan, kecamatan Angkola Selatan, kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Laboratorium Riset dan Teknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Laboratorium Analitik PT. Socfindo, dan Laboratorium Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Medan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Nopember 2017 hingga Maret 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik lahan di bawah tegakan pohon kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr) cukup bervariasi yaitu kapasitas tukar kation (rendah dan sangat rendah), C- organik (rendah, sedang, dan tinggi), tekstur tanah (lempung berpasir dan pasir berlempung), pH (sangat masam), dan Ca-total (sangat rendah). Kata kunci : Karakteristik lahan, pohon kapur, Dryobalanops aromatica, ii Universitas Sumatera Utara iii KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat dan rahmat Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berjudul “Inventarisasi Karakteristik Lahan Pohon Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr)” merupakan salah satu syarat untuk dapat memperoleh gelar sarjana di Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Komisi Pembimbing Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Rauf, MP selaku ketua dan Prof. Ir. T. Sabrina, M.Agr. Sc., Ph.D selaku anggota yang telah membimbing dan memberikan saran mulai penyusunan skripsi hingga penyelesaian skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terimakasih dan semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Medan, April 2018 Penulis iii Universitas Sumatera Utara iv DAFTAR ISI ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... i ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... v DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. vi PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ......................................................................................2 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................5 Kegunaan Penelitian ..............................................................................6 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Pohon kapur Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr. ...................................4 Karakteristik Lahan Iklim ......................................................................................................6 Tanah .....................................................................................................6 Tekstur ................................................................................................8 Kapasitas Tukar Kation ......................................................................9 Kejenuhan Basa ................................................................................10 pH ....................................................................................................11 C-organik ..........................................................................................13 BAHAN DAN METODE Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .............................................................14 Bahan dan Alat ....................................................................................14 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................14 Pelaksanaan Penelitian Persiapan ........................................................................................ 15 Pelaksanaan ................................................................................... 15 Parameter Pengamatan ...................................................................16 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan ..........................................................................................29 Saran ....................................................................................................29 DAFTAR PUSTAKA iv Universitas Sumatera Utara v DAFTAR TABEL No Teks Halaman Karakteristik pohon kapur di desa Garonggang Kecamatan 1 17 Angkola Selatan 2 Curah Hujan 2007 - 2016 18 3 Ketinggian tempat dan suhu udara 19 4 Karakteristik Tanah (pH) 20 5 Karakteristik Tanah (C-organik dan bahan organik) 20 6 Karakteristik Tanah (tekstur) 21 7 Ion-ion basa tukar (K+ dan Na+) 21 8 Ion-ion basa tukar (Ca2+ dan Mg+) 22 9 Karakteristik Tanah (Ca-total) 23 10 Kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) dan kejenuhan basa (KB) 23 11 Regresi sederhana karakteristik tanah terhadap tinggi pohon 25 Regresi sederhana karakteristik tanah terhadap diameter 12 26 batang pohon 13 Regresi berganda ion-ion basa tukar terhadap tinggi pohon. 27 Regresi berganda ion-ion basa tukar terhadap diameter batang 14 27 pohon v Universitas Sumatera Utara vi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN No Teks Halaman 1 Kriteria Penilaian Hasil Analisis Tanah 17 2 Data Curah Hujan 18 3 Kriteria Penilaian Sifat Kimia Tanah 19 vi Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman sangat tinggi, sekitar 10 % spesies-spesies tumbuhan berbunga yang ada di dunia terdapat di Indonesia. Hal ini terjadi karena keadaan alam yang berbeda dari satu pulau ke pulau lainnya bahkan dari satu tempat ke tempat lainya dalam pulau yang sama. Sistem perpaduan antara sumber daya hayati dan tempat hidupnya yang khas itu menumbuhkan berbagai ekosistem, yang masing masing menampilkan kekhususan pula dalam kehidupan spesies - spesies yang terdapat di dalamnya (Indrawan et al., 2007). Komunitas tumbuhan dari segi kehadirannya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor lingkungan, salah satunya adalah faktor ketinggian tempat dari permukaan air laut. Peningkatan ketinggian berhubungan dengan peningkatan kecepatan angin, kelembaban udara dan penurunan suhu sehingga mengakibatkan suatu komunitas yang tumbuh semakin sedikit dan semakin homogen. Tumbuhan bawah merupakan spesies yang mempunyai sebaran luas dan mempunyai toleransi yang tinggi terhadap faktor lingkungan (Steenis dan Van, 2006). Dipterocarpaceae merupakan satu dari sembilan suku yang berada di dalam ordo Malvales. Malvales merupakan kelompok besar tumbuhan yang menaungi banyak anggota berkarakteristikan: memiliki floem berlapis-lapis, terdapat saluran musilase, memiliki rambut-rambut
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