AN ANALYSIS ON MORAL VALUESOF HARRY POTTER AND THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE NOVEL

Khairunnisa, Albert Rufinus, Eusabinus Bunau English Education Study Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Tanjungpura University, Pontianak Email: [email protected]

Abstract The main focus of this research is to find out the moral values of the novel “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” by J.K. Rowling based on the major characters. Major characters are the most important actors or people in the novel and they are Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Ron Weasley, Albus Dumbledore, Hagrid and Professor Snape. One of the key factors that distinguish character from personality is called moral values. Moral values are the things right or wrong in the story which refer to the behavior and the attitude of characters that is giving advices or lessons. The researcher had conducted this research by applying descriptive qualitative method, for describing manner or behavior through quotation of speech or dialogue and action. According to the result, there are some moral values found in this novel, they are courage, cleverness, friendly, kindness, patient, politeness, responsibility, self- dicipline, trusworthiness, and wisdom. Those moral values above, can be applied in teaching and learning process, especially for the students in English Education Study Program.

Keywords: Analysis, Moral values, Novel

INTRODUCTION means ‘tale’, or ‘piece of news’. According Literature is an aesthetic aspect that to Griffith (1982) there are intrinsic gives pleasure and qualifies appreciation of elements that build the novel and make it human personal imagination toward life, into a solid story. They are character, expressing thought, and feeling. Literature setting, plot, theme, and point of view. includes form of writing which deliberately According to Nurgiyantoro (2005, p 441) and creatively experiment with language in Generally the problems of life and human order to suggest images and ideas which life can be distinguished by three. The first engage the reader’s imagination. Literature is the issue of human relationships with is classified in two ways, fiction and non- themself, the second is the relationship of fiction. Fiction consists of the story of which human with other humans in the social life concern is to give entertainment and all at and also to the nature, and the last is human once teach something to the readers. There relationship with God. In this research are three kinds of fiction, they are: folklore, focused the problems of human life, such as: short stories, and novels. the human interactions to themselves This writing was concerned to the prose (individual), and interaction between human. fiction, in the case of novel. Novel consists Therefore, some of the novels imitate the of the story that can entertain people and real human life. Through these problems of give the reader advices or lessons. the novel, the reader can get the moral According to Rowlings (2006) that ‘Novel’ values and experience from the derives from the Italian word novella, which author.According to Aminudin (1987) cited

1 in Ilhadi (2016, p. 7) that in literary work, this research because it requires her to the author delivers moral values through the describe the moral values, which is related character which inhered in its to the society and individuality. chracterization. Where Abrams (1999, p. 32- Based on the research method used, the 33) also stated that characters are the researcher analyzed the data buy using some persons represented in a dramatic or procedures: (1) The researcher tried to find narrative work, who are interpreted by the moral values in Harry Potter and The reader as being endowed with particular Philosopher’s Stone novel. (2) The moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities researcher did coding. Through coding, the by inferences from what the persons say and researcher could label her data analysis their distintive ways of saying it – the directly from what the character’s said or dialogue and from what they do – the action. action in the novel and it is placed in Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s quoatation marks. (3) The researcher Stone is the first novel that is written by analyzed the moral values by describing the J.K.Rowling. It was published in Great manner of characters through quotation of Britain in 1997 Bloomsbury. The novel won speech or dialogue, and action. (4) The most of the British book awards that were researcher made discussion. (5) Making judged by children and other awards in the conclusion and suggestion. US. The reason of Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s stone novel is chosen in this Sourceof Data research, because the researcher thinks this Data are classified into two categories novel could bring some good moral lessons. they are primary data and secondary data. Which one of some good morals is about The primary data (main data) is the direct how strong friendship of Harry Potter and data source which relates to the object of his friends. In the story, the characters build research. In this study the primary data is the up many emotions and actions that the original text of the novel Harry Potter and readers could get some moralvalues and The Philisopher’s Stone that is written by experiences in the fantasy novel. J.K.Rowling. The types of data in this The purpose of this analysis is to let the research are the speech or the dialogue, students know and realize that moral values performance and actions in “Harry Potter are crucial in education, especially in and The Philosoper’s Stone” novel among teaching learning English to develop a the characters in the novel is related to the standard of personal life practices for moral values. positive self-image. The analysis might give The secondary data is data that supports significant contribution for the students in the main data. The supporting data is taken Academic literary work, CCU and Literature from other references outside of the novel. subject.Based on the explanation above, the This data is some theory books, which are researcher hadconducted research the moral related to the topic of this research, and values of the novel “Harry Potter and The internet that help the writer to find out Philosopher’s stone” by J.K.Rowling. information about the novel and the outhor.

METHODOLOGY Technique of Data Collection The method used in analysing Harry The techniques of data collection were Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone novel used by the researcher was intensive that is written by J.K. Rowling is descriptive reading and coding. With Intensive reading, qualitative method. Descriptive qualitative is the researcher read the novel repeatedly to the kind of method that the researcher used get the detail information. Also, Through to give ideas or commentary on the state of coding, the researcher could label her data things as clear as possible. Additionally, the analysis directly from what the character researcher decided to employ the method in said in the novel and is placed in quoatation

2 marks. Through this technique, the forehead with a lightning-shaped scar, Harry researcher analyzed the moral values by is marked also by the confrontation between describing the manner of characters through good and bad magic that caused that scar: quotation of speech or dialogue, and action, the standoff between the evil Voldemort and that is written in the novel “Harry Potter and his parents who died to save their son. In The Philosopher’s Stone” by J.K.Rowling, thestory,Harry Potter’s character/attitude in order to prove the moral values towards showed some moral values which the reader the characters’s attitude or behaviour. can get and learn from them. they are patient, friendly, courage, and politenes. (2) Instrument or Tool of Data Collection Hermione Granger. Hermione Granger is an The researcher prepared all the annoying goody-two-shoes girl who studies instrument needed in the analysis process to too much and obeys the school rules too collect the data, including the book, pen or zealously. Hermione eventually becomes pencil to take the note about the information. friendly with Harry after she learns to value The main instrument is table classification friendship over perfectionism and of quotation of moral values, in order to obedience. She comes from a purely Muggle make her easier in analyzing the moral family, and her character illustrates the values of the novel “Harry Potter and The social-adjustment problems often faced by Philoshopher’s Stone.” new students at Hogwarts. In the story, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Hermione Granger’s character/attitude Findings showed some moral values which the reader In this chapter, the researcher found out can get and learn from them. They are some moral values in the novel “Harry cleverness, self-dicipline, and wisdom. (3) Potter and the Philisopher’s Stone” by J.K. Ronald Weasley.Ronald weasley is a shy Rowling. The analysis of this research is modest boy who comes from an about moral values based on the main impoverished wizard family. Ron is Harry’s character. The main character is the most first friend at Hogwarts, and they become important characters in the novel. The close. He lacks Harry’s gusto and charisma, reason why the researcher chose the main but his loyalty and help are useful to Harry characters in this research, because the main throughout their adventures. Ron’s characters were always mentioned by the mediocrity despite his wizard background author in the story and their action were reminds us that success at Hogwarts is based covered. Some authors may develop solely on talent and hard work, not on family characters through their actions, or their connections. In the story, Ron’s character reactions to situation or to other characters, showed some moral values which the reader or through their physical appearance, or can get and learn from them. They are through their speech and gestures and kindness, courage, and wisdom. (4) Rubeus expressions in a story. After reading the Hagrid. Rubeus Hagrid is a giant who works novel intensively, the researcher found out as a groundskeeper at Hogwarts. Rubeus some moral values through quotation of Hagrid is a well-meaning creature with more speech, dialogues, and actions. Therefore, kindness than brains. He cares deeply for the main characters of this research are Harry, as evidenced by the tears he sheds Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, and upon having to leave the infant Harry with Ronald Weasley. the Dursleys. His fondness for animals is This is the result of the research that endearing, even if it gets him into trouble (as has been analyzed that can be interpreted as when he tries raising a dragon at home). in the following: (1) Harry Potter.Harry Hagrid’s character showed some moral Potter is the protagonist of the story, who is values which the reader can get and learn gradually transformed from timid weakling from them. They are responsibility, to powerful hero by the end. Marked on the trustworthiness, friendly, kindness, and

3 wisdom. (5) Albus Dumbledore. Albus Harry learns that his parents have left him a Dumbledore is a famous wizard. He is a hefty supply of money. They shop on the Head Master at Hogwarts. Also, he is the wizards’ commercial street known as one who bring Harry to his uncle at Privet Diagon Alley, where Harry is fitted for his Drive. He appears to have an almost school uniform. Harry buys books, superhuman level of wisdom, knowledge, ingredients for potions, and, finally, a magic and friendly, and it seems that he may have wand-the companion wand to the evil set up the whole quest for the Philosopher’s Voldemort’s. Stone, so that Harry could prove himself. A month later, Harry goes to the train station and catches his train to Hogwarts on Synopsis track nine and three quarters. On the train, Mr. Dursley, a well-off Englishman, Harry befriends other first-year students like notices strange happenings on his way to Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, a work one day. That night, Albus Muggle girl chosen to attend Hogwarts. At Dumbledore, the head of a wizardry school, the first-years take turns putting on academy called Hogwarts, meets Professor the “Sorting Hat” to find out in which McGonagall, who also teaches at Hogwarts, residential house they will live. Harry fears and a giant named Hagrid outside the being assigned to the sinister Slytherin Dursley home. Dumbledore tells house, but he, Ron, and Hermione end up in McGonagall that someone named the noble Gryffindor house. Voldemort has killed a Mr. and Mrs. Potter As the school year gets underway, and tried unsuccessfully to kill their baby Harry discovers that his Potions professor, son, Harry. Dumbledore leaves Harry with Snape, does not like him. Hagrid reassures an explanatory note in a basket in front of Harry that Snape has no reason to dislike the Dursley home. him. During their first flying lesson on Ten years later, the Dursley household broomsticks, the students are told to stay is dominated by the Dursleys’ son, Dudley, grounded while the teacher takes an injured who torments and bullies Harry. Dudley is boy named Neville to the hospital. Draco spoiled, while Harry is forced to sleep in a Malfoy, a Slytherin bully, snatches Neville’s cupboard under the stairs. At the zoo on prized toy and flies off with it to the top of a Dudley’s birthday, the glass in front of a boa tree. Harry flies after him. Malfoy throws constrictor exhibit disappears, frightening the ball in the air, and Harry speeds everyone. Harry is later punished for this downward, making a spectacular catch. incident. Professor McGonagall witnesses this Mysterious letters begin arriving for incident. Instead of punishing Harry, she Harry. They worry Mr. Dursley, who tries to recommends that he play Quidditch, a much- keep them from Harry, but the letters keep loved game that resembles soccer played on arriving through every crack in the house. broomsticks, for Gryffindor. Later that day, Finally, he flees with his family to a Malfoy challenges Harry to a wizard’s duel secluded island shack on the eve of Harry’s at midnight. Malfoy doesn’t show up at the eleventh birthday. At midnight, they hear a appointed place, and Harry almost gets in large bang on the door and Hagrid enters. trouble. While trying to hide, he accidentally Hagrid hands Harry an admissions letter to discovers a fierce three-headed dog guarding the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and a trapdoor in the forbidden third-floor Wizardry. Harry learns that the Dursleys corridor. have tried to deny Harry’s wizardry all these On Halloween, a troll is found in the years. building. The students are all escorted back The next day, Hagrid takes Harry to to their dormitories, but Harry and Ron London to shop for school supplies. First sneak off to find Hermione, who is alone they go to the wizard bank, Gringotts, where and unaware of the troll. Unwittingly, they

4 lock the troll in the girls’ bathroom along stone. Harry ultimately finds himself face to with Hermione. Together, they defeat the face with Quirrell, who announces that troll. Hermione tells a lie to protect Harry Harry must die. Knowing that Harry desires and Ron from being punished. During to find the stone, Quirrell puts Harry in front Harry’s first Quidditch match, his broom of the Mirror of Erised and makes him state jerks out of control. Hermione notices Snape what he sees. Harry sees himself with the staring at Harry and muttering a curse. She stone in his pocket, and at that same moment concludes that he is jinxing Harry’s broom, he actually feels it in his pocket. But he tells and she sets Snape’s clothes on fire. Harry Quirrell that he sees something else. A voice regains control of the broom and makes a tells Quirrell that the boy is lying and spectacular play to win the Quidditch match. requests to speak to Harry face to face. For Christmas, Harry receives his Quirrell removes his turban and reveals father’s invisibility cloak, and he explores Voldemort’s face on the back of his head. the school, unseen, late at night. He Voldemort, who is inhabiting Quirrell’s discovers the Mirror of Erised, which body, instructs Quirrell to kill Harry, but displays the deepest desire of whoever looks Quirrell is burned by contact with the boy. A in it. Harry looks in it and sees his parents struggle ensues and Harry passes out. alive. After Christmas, Harry, Ron, and When Harry regains consciousness, he Hermione begin to unravel the mysterious is in the hospital with Dumbledore. connection between a break-in at Gringotts Dumbledore explains that he saved Harry and the three-headed guard dog. They learn from Quirrell just in time. He adds that he that the dog is guarding the Sorcerer’s and Flamel have decided to destroy the Stone, which is capable of providing eternal stone. Harry heads down to the end-of-year life and unlimited wealth to its owner and banquet, where Slytherin is celebrating its belongs to Nicolas Flamel, Dumbledore’s seventh consecutive win of the house old partner. championship cup. Dumbledore gets up and A few weeks later, Hagrid wins a awards many last-minute points to dragon egg in a poker game. Because it is Gryffindor for the feats of Harry and his illegal to own dragons, Harry, Ron, and friends, winning the house cup for Hermione contact Ron’s older brother, who Gryffindor. Harry returns to London to studies dragons. They arrange to get rid of spend the summer with the Dursleys the dragon but get caught. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are severely punished, and Discussion Gryffindor is docked 150 points. The researcher had conducted research Furthermore, part of their punishment is to the moral values of the novel Harry Potter go into the enchanted forest with Hagrid to and The Philosopher’s Stone novel hat is find out who has been killing unicorns written by J.K. Rowling, which is based on recently. In the forest, Harry comes upon a the main characters. The main characters hooded man drinking unicorn blood. The were choosen in this research, because the man tries to attack Harry, but Harry is main characters build up many emotions and rescued by a friendly centaur who tells him actions that the readers could get some that his assailant was Voldemort. Harry also moral values and experiences in the fantasy learns that it is Voldemort who has been novel. The main characters were Harry trying to steal the Philosopher’s Stone. Potter, Hermione Granger, Ronald Weasley, Harry decides that he must find the Professor Dumbledore and Rubeus Hagrid. stone before Voldemort does. He, Ron, and One of the key factors that distinguish Hermione sneak off that night to the character from personality is called moral forbidden third-floor corridor. They get past values. Moral values are the things right or the guard dog and perform many impressive wrong in the story which refer to behaviour feats as they get closer and closer to the and attitude of the character that is giving

5 some advices or lessons. This research was They were half hoping for a reason to fight conducted by applying descriptive Malfoy, but Professor McGonagall, who qualitative method, for describing manner or could spot trouble quicker than any teacher behaviour through quotation of speech or in the school, was there in a flash.” dialogue and action. There were some steps (page108). The reseracher tried to find some that twas applied by the researcher after the moral values from Harry’s and Ron’s speech data gathered. or dialogue and action in every chapter of The first step was reading the whole the novel. Also, another example that Harry chapter in the novel intensively and is courage person, when he got award from repeatedly. It means, the researcher read Professor Dumbledor, as stated in the word by word, sentence by sentence and followinng quote: “Ahem,’ said even paragraph by paragraph of Harry Potter Dumbledore. ‘I have a few last minute and The philosopher’s Stone novel. There points to dish out. Let me see. Yes .‘Third – were 17 chapters and they were: chapter one to Mr Harry Potter ...’ said Dumbledore. The is about the boy who lived, chapter two is room went deadly quiet. ‘.... for pure nerve about the vanishing glass, chapter three is and outstanding courage, I award Gryffindor about the letters from no one, chapter four is house sixty points.” about the keeper of the keys, chapter five is After she found some moral values in about Diagon Alley, chapter six is about the Harry’s character based on the dialogue, journey from platform nine and three- speech and action in the novel, she did the quarters, chapter seven is about the sorting same to the other characters like Hermione hat, chapter eight is about the potions Granger, Ronald Weasley, Albus master, chapter nine is about the midnight Dumbledore and Hagrid. As the result, she duel, chapter ten is about Hallowe’en, had collected all moral values that she found chapter eleven is about Quidditch, chapter in the novel, they were: patient, courage, twelve is about the mirror of erised, chapter responsisbility, friendly, trustworthiness, thirteen is about Nicolas Flamel, chapter wisdom,self-dicipline, cleverness, fourteen is about Norbert the Norwegian politeness, and kindness. Ridgeback, chapter fifteen is about the The third was coding. Through coding, forbidden forest, chapter sixteen is about the researcher could label her data analysis through the trapdoor, and the last is chapter directly from what the character’s said or seventeen, it is about the man with two action in the novel, and it is placed in faces. Then, she read it repeatedly, means quotation marks (“), in order to prove the she read again and again started from the moral values towards the characters’s first chapter until the last chapter.The attitude or behaviour, as we can see the researcher did that because she tried to example in the following quote: “Are you understand the story in every chapter. sure that’s a real spell?’ said the girl. ‘Well The second step was trying to find it’s not very good, is it?’ I’ve tried a few moral values in Harry Potter and The simple spells just for practice and it’s all Philosopher’s Stone novel. After reading the worked for me. Nobody in my family’s whole chapters, she categorized the moral magic at all, it was ever such a suprise when values based on the main characters’ speech I got my letter, but I was ever so pleased, of or dialogue and action. For example, in this course, I mean, it’s very best school of quotation below is courage value when witchcraft there is, I’ve heard – I’ve learnt Harry tried to help Neville, as stated in the all our set books off by heart, of course, I following quote: “Neville was trying to just hope it will be enough – I’m hermione remember what he’d forgotten when Draco Granger, by the way, who are you?”(page Malfoy, who was passing the Gryffindor 79). table, snatched the Remembral out of his After that, the researcher analyzed the hand.”Harry and Ron jumped to their feet. moral values by describing the manner of

6 characters through quotation of speech or Therefore, with these moral values can be dialogue, and action. Here, the researcher used as moral education. Through this novel, gave more clearly and long explaination on it is one of alternative way to improve the below after she has written the quotation student’s moral education. They come to of the dialogue and action that was original feel sense of comfortable and responsibility text from Harry Potter and The to the school, and also, understand that Philosopher’s Stone novel. She did it, in cheating and other immoral acts are harm. order to have more understandable about the With moral education, it can push the manner of the characters that is related to students to higher level academic moral values. The researcher did the achivement and higher level of moral research about moral values, because novel awareness as well. told about some kinds of problems of human life, such as the human interaction to CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS themselves (individual) and interaction Conclusions between human (social). Also, novel is an Based on the analysis, the result reveal imaginative prose of narrative was usually that there are some moral values in Harry concerned with human experience and social Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone novel by behavior. Therefore, some of the novels J.K. Rowling, which are presented through imitate the real human. the speech or dialogue and action. These Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s moral values in this research are courage, Stone novel was a fantasy novel, which was cleverness, kindness, self-dicipline, wisdom, told about how strong friendship of Harry friendly, responsibility, trustworthiness, Potter and his friends toward the adventures patient and politeness. These moral values of harry Potter as he discovers the magical, are about the issues of human relationship the dangerous, and the unpredictable world with themselves and the relationship of of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and human with the other people or Wizardy. The main characters of this novel environment. All of them are moral aspect are Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Ronald that is needed to way of life as human being Weasley, Albus Dumbledore and Hagrid. and society. The main characters in this These characters were dominant in the novel research are Harry Potter, Hermione and spreaded their good moral values to all Granger, Ronald Weasley, Albus people around them. The good moral values Dumbledore and Rubeus Hagrid. These what the researcher found in this novel, they characters are showed as protagonis in this were: courage, cleverness, friendly, novel. Moral values presented in Harry kindness, politeness, wisdom, patient, Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone novel, responsibility, and trusworthiness. From which are based on the main characters can these moral values, the teacher can be be used as a guide to live a life implemented in teaching and learning meaningfully. Actually, character in a story process. For example, responsibility, this merely live in the author’s mind. According kind of value can be implemented by the to Kirszner and Mandell (2007, p. 125) ‘a teacher when she/he should be responsible character is a fictional representation of a to her job in teaching, to keep students from person–usually with a pshychologically harm, and managing time of the students for realistic depiction. Where Abrams (1999, p. studying and taking a break. Another 32-33) also stated that characters are the example is wisdom, this kind of value can be persons represented in a dramatic or implemented by the teacher when she/he narrative work, who are interpreted by the sees one of their students are lazy to study, reader as being endowed with particular or naughty in the class. The best they could moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities do is making sensible decision and also by inferences from what the persons say and giving a good advice, do not get mad. their distintive ways of saying it – the

7 dialogue and from what they do – the action. moral values. They can apply the good Because it describes how we establish a moral values in real life. They will know good behavior and attitude to ourselves and what they should do or should not do in life. others. Therefore, novel is one of media Therefore, this novel can build their which delivers some moral values and characters better. This research can be set as lessons to the reader. models for future research about literature for students of English Education Program Suggestion TeacherTrainingand Education Faculty. The suggestion based on the data analysis of moral values of the novel Harry BIBLIOGRAPHY Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone is described as follows. The novel can be used Abrams, M. H. 1999. A Glossary of as teaching materials in literary work, Literary Terms 7th Edition. United literature and CCU (Cross Culture Stated of America: Earl McPeek. Understanding). This novel will make the Griffith, K. 1982. Writing Essays About students English Education Study Program Literature, A Guide and Style Sheet Teacher Training and Education Faculty 6th Edition. San Diego: University of know and get accustomed with literary North Carolina at Greensboro. world. The novel can help the students and Rowling, J. K. 1997. Harry Potter and The teachers to elevate their vocabulary, build Philosopher’s Stone. London: their concentration and forge their critical Bloomsbury. thinking. Rowlings, P. 2006. American Theorist of By reading novel, the students and the Novel . New York : Routledge. teacher can see the good and the bad side Nurgiyantoro, B. 2015. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada through depiction of attitude and behavior of University Press. characters in the novel, especially though of

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