DOCSLIB.ORG

Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Emergency and Disaster Reports

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Emergency and Disaster Reports Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Emergency and Disaster Reports ISSN 2340-9932 Vol 1, Num 3, 2014 Monographic issue Disaster profile of Nepal Ashma Baruwal University of Oviedo – Department of Medicine Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster 0 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Letter from the Editors The Emergency and Disaster Reports is a journal edited by the Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster of the Department of Medicine of the University of Oviedo aimed to introduce research papers, monographic reviews and technical reports related to the fields of Medicine and Public Health in the contexts of emergency and disaster. Both situations are events that can deeply affect the health, the economy, the environment and the development of the affected populations. The topics covered by the journal include a wide range of issues related to the different dimensions of the phenomena of emergency and disaster, ranging from the study of the risk factors, patterns of frequency and distribution, characteristics, impacts, prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, humanitarian aid, standards of intervention, operative research, recovery, rehabilitation, resilience and policies, strategies and actions to address these phenomena from a risk reduction approach. In the last thirty years has been substantial progress in the mentioned areas in part thanks to a better scientific knowledge of the subject. The aim of the journal is to contribute to this progress facilitating the dissemination of the results of research in this field. This monographic issue is about Nepal and its disaster risk profile. Nepal’s fragile geology and steep topography make it the 20th top most disaster prone country in the world. Nepal is a part of the Himalayan-Ganga system with the system extending about 160-200 kilometers from north to south spanning six geological and climatic belts varying in altitude from about 8000 to just about 60 metres above mean sea level in eastern Nepal. About 83 per cent of Nepal lies within the mountainous region of the country, while the remaining 17 per cent falls in the northern part of the Ganga Basin plain. As a country Nepal is ranked fourth, eleventh and the thirty in terms of relative vulnerability to climate change, earthquake and flood hazards respectively. It is highly prone to high magnitudes of natural hazards such as flood, landslide, earthquake, fire, hailstone, windstorm, thunderbolt, cloudburst, drought, Glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF), avalanches and epidemics. 1 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Nepal ranks the twenty three in terms of total natural hazard related deaths globally for the year 1988-2007 with more than 7000 deaths as a result of natural hazards. It is in seventh position for deaths resulting as a consequence of floods, landslides and avalanches combined, and in eighth position for flood-related deaths alone. Eighty-five percent of Nepal districts are prone to disasters of some type, sixty-five percent of districts are prone to floods and/or landslides and thirty percent to wildfires. Nepal ranks very high in terms of relative vulnerability to earthquakes and water related disasters respectively. Of the 21 cities around the world that lie in similar seismic hazard zones, the capital, Kathmandu is at the highest risk in terms of impact on people. All the above mentioned facts make this study of Ashma Baruwal an excellent approximation to the global disaster risk profile of Nepal. Prof. Pedro Arcos, Prof. Rafael Castro Editors, Emergency and Disaster Reports Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Department of Medicine. University of Oviedo Campus del Cristo 33006 Oviedo – Spain www.uniovi.net/uied 2 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 Monographic issue Disaster profile of Nepal Author: Ashma Baruwal Table of Contents 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………. 7 2. Trends and analysis …………………………………………… 9 3. Landslides …………………………………………………………. 11 Rainfall induced landslides …………………………….. 12 Earthquake induced landslides ………………………. 14 Trends …………………………………………………………… 14 Case Study: Krishnabhir …………………………………. 15 4. Floods ………………………………………………………………… 16 Rainfall……………………………………………………………. 16 Topography……………………………………………………... 17 Deforestation…………………………………………………… 17 Trends……………………………………………………………... 17 Risk assessment and hazard analysis………………… 18 Case Study: Koshi Flood (2008)…………………….…… 19 Direct Loss and Damages…………………………………… 20 Mahakali Flood (2013)………………………………………. 22 5. Earthquake………………………………………………………………. 23 Risk assessment and hazard analysis………………….. 24 Hazard Analysis:Kathmandu…………………………….… 26 Case Study: 1934 earthquake …………………………….. 26 6. Economic Loss…………………………………………………………. 27 7. Disaster Risk Management Framework…………………….. 34 Natural Calamity Relief Act(1982)…………………….… 34 Local Self Governance Act(1992)………………………… 32 8. Policies and Programmes……………………………………….… 36 National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 36 Ministry of Home Affairs………………………………… 37 Implementing Institutions……………………………… 37 Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention 37 Department of Irrigation…………………………… 38 Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed 38 Management Department of Health Services………………………...... 38 National and International Agencies………………….. 39 9. Progress Towards HFA 2005…………………………………… 39 Discussion and Conclusion………………………………… 41 Role of Government of Nepal……………………………… 43 Role of National and International agencies 44 working/supporting disaster management Role of Community…………………………………………………….. 45 10. References………………………………………………………………. 46 3 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 List of Tables 1 Top Ten Natural Disasters (1971-2010)…………………………….. 9 2 List of Disasters (1983-2010)……………………………………………..28 3 Direct Loss due to Disasters(1983-2010)………………………….. 29 4 Direct Loss due to Disasters(1971-2010)……………………………30 5 Top 5 Disasters & Damage to Infrastructures………………………31 6 Year wise Damage to Infrastructures…………………………………..32 List of Graphs 1 Trend of Affected Population due to Disasters (1971-2011).. 10 2 Trend of Deaths due to Disasters (1971-2011)…………………. 10 3 Comparison of Disasters (MOHA &DesInventar)………………… 33 4 Comparison of Expenditures Ex Ante & Ex Post Disasters…….34 List of Maps Map 1 Nepal Hazard Map…………………………………………………… 8 Map 2 Areas Prone to Rainfall Induced Landslides……………...13 Map 3 Areas Prone to Earthquake Induced Landslides………. 14 Map 4 Areas Affected due to Koshi River Flood (2008)……… 19 Map 5 Hazard Analysis of 500 years return period……………. 25 Map 6 Hazard Analysis of 100 years return period……………. 26 4 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 List of Abbreviations ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Center ADB Asian Development Bank CSSR Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue CDO Chief District Office CDRC Central Disaster Relief Committee CDRF Central Disaster Relief Fund CIEC Center for International Studies and Cooperation DD Damage Depth DDRC District Natural Disaster Relief Committee DHO District Health Office DHM Department of Hydrology and Meterology DHS Department of Health Services DoMG Department of Mines and Geology DoI Department of Irrigation DP-Net Disaster Prevention Preparedness Network DDRC District Natural Disaster Relief Committee DEPROSC Development Project Service Center DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSCWM Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management DWIDP Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention EOC Emergency Operation Center EVRA Exposure Vulnerability and Risk Assessment INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group GoN Government of Nepal GLoF Glacial Lake Outburst of Flood GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GPS Global Positioning System HOPE Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies ( IASC Inter Agency Sectoral Committee ICIMOD Integrated Centre for Integrated Mountain Development IFRC International Federation for Red Cross JICA Japan International Cooperating Agency KVERMP Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Risk Management Project LDRC Local Natural Disaster Relief Committee LSGA Local Self Governance Act 5 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2014; 1 (3): 3-49 MBT Main Boundary Thrust MF Main Frontal Thrust MFR Medical First Responder (MFR MIRA Multi Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment MOHA Ministry of Home Affairs MoHP Ministry of Health and Population MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity NA Nepal Army NCRA Natural Calamity Relief Affect NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDMC National Disaster Management Council NDR National Disaster Report NEOC National Emergency Operation Center NGI Norwegian Geo Technical Institute NRCS Nepal Red Cross Society NSET-Nepal National Society for Earthquake Technology- NS National Scouts NRRC National Risk Reduction Consortium NSDRM National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management OFDA Office for Foreign Disaster Administration OXFAM-GB Oxfam-Great Britain RDRC Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee SWC Social Welfare Council STDS South Tibetan Detachment System USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USD United States Dollars UNDMS UN Disaster Management Secretariat UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction USAID U.S Agency for International Development WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change
    Government of Nepal Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal WATER RESOURCES OF NEPAL IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE 2011 Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change 2011 © Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) All rights reserved Extract of this publication may be reproduced in any form for education or non-profi t purposes without special permission, provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) P.O. Box 1340 Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Website: www.wec.gov.np Email: [email protected] Fax: +977-1-4211425 Edited by: Dr. Ravi Sharma Aryal Mr. Gautam Rajkarnikar Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Front cover picture : Mera Glacier Back cover picture : Tso Rolpa Lake Photo Courtesy : Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal PRINTED WITH SUPPORT FROM WWF NEPAL Design & print : Water Communication, Ph-4460999 Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change 2011 Government of Nepal Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal 2011 Water and its availability and quality will be the main pressures on, and issues for, societies and the environment under climate change. “IPCC, 2007” bringing i Acknowledgement Water Resource of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change is an attempt to show impacts of climate change on one of the important sector of life, water resource. Water is considered to be a vehicle to climate change impacts and hence needs to be handled carefully and skillfully.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Feasibility Report for Irrigation Project of Kosi-Mechi Intrastate Link Project (Cca 214812 Ha) for Providing Irrigation Facilities in Four Districts of Bihar
    PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR IRRIGATION PROJECT OF KOSI-MECHI INTRASTATE LINK PROJECT (CCA 214812 HA) FOR PROVIDING IRRIGATION FACILITIES IN FOUR DISTRICTS OF BIHAR 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed Irrigation Project of Kosi-Mechi Intrastate Link Project (CCA 214812 Ha) is for providing irrigation facilities in four districts (Araria, Purnea, Kishanganj and Katihar) of Bihar. The objective of the project is to increase the irrigation facilities in four districts of Bihar. The applicant is seeking prior environmental clearance from EAC from the MOEFCC, New Delhi. The Form-I and PFR is prepared by Centre for Envotech & Management Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. (NABET Accredited Consultant QCI No. 20. a. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT Location of Project The proposed link command (Culturable Command Area) comprising 214812 ha (2.15 lakh ha) is falling in Araria, Purnea, Kishanganj and Katihar districts of Bihar. The link canal traverses towards Lat. 260 14′ 27″ N & Long. 87º 22' 00" to Lat. 26º 21' 47"N & Long. 870 57′ 23″ E. The link canal forms its northern boundary while river Parman and river Mahananda form the western and eastern boundaries. In south it is spread upto river Ganga. Existing Hanuman Nagar Barrage Geographical Location is Lat. 26°11'00"N & Long. 860 54' 00"E. Location Map is enclosed as Annexure-I General Feature of Project The existing alignment of EKMC from Reduced along with Latitude and Distance (RD) 0.00 km to RD 41.30 km is proposed to Longitude be utilised unchanged with remodelling. The New proposed canal from EKMC RD 41.30 km to outfall Point in Mechi (RD 117.500 km) Beyond the EKMC tail end RD 41.30 km, the link canal traverses towards south–east direction upto RD 53.156 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
    FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL NEPAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT NEPAL AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY RESEARCH SURVEY COUNCIL ON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY AND RURAL SURVEY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPALON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM - FOODFOR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ANDAND AGRICULTURERURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERAI - IN NEPAL - FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN TERAI - FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT OCTOBER 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OCTOBER(JICA) 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONALNIPPON KOEI COOPERATION CO., LTD. AGENCY VISION AND SPIRIT(JICA) FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION VISION AND SPIRIT FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. 4R C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION JR 13 - 031 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL NEPAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT NEPAL AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY RESEARCH SURVEY COUNCIL ON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY AND RURAL SURVEY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPALON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM - FOODFOR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ANDAND AGRICULTURERURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERAI - IN NEPAL - FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN TERAI - FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT OCTOBER 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL
    [Show full text]
  • River Culture in Nepal
    Nepalese Culture Vol. XIV : 1-12, 2021 Central Department of NeHCA, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187 River Culture in Nepal Kamala Dahal- Ph.D Associate Professor, Patan Multipal Campus, T.U. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladevi are known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese culture. Key words: sacred, sacraments, purity, specialities, bath. Introduction The geography of any localities play an influencing role for the development of culture of a society. It affects a society directly and indirectly. In the beginning the nomads passed their lives for thousands of year in the jungle.
    [Show full text]
  • Abbreviation and Acronyms
    Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report Abbreviation and Acronyms AHEP : Available Gross Hydroelectricity Potential ASTER : Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AMF : Average Monthly Flow APHRODITE : Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation B : Breadth BCDP : Building Code Development Project B/C : Benefit-Cost Ratio BoQ : Bill of Quantities CAR : Catchment Area Ratio CCT : Central Churia Thrust CFRD : Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dam COD : Commercial Operation Date DCF : Discounted Cash Flow DEM : Digital Elevation Model DHM : Department of Hydrology & Meteorology DMG : Department of Mines & Geology DoED : Department of Electricity Development d/s : Downstream E : East EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMI : Equal Monthly Installment ESA : European Space Agency ESRI : Environmental System Research Institute EU-DEM : European Union Digital Elevation Model FDC : Flow Duration Curve WECS i Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report GHEP : Gross Hydroelectricity Potential GIS : Geographic Information System GLOF : Glacial Lake Outburst Flood GoN : Government of Nepal GPS : Global Positioning System GWh : Giga Watt-Hour H : Height ha : Hectares HEC-HMS : Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HFL : High Flood Level HFT : Himalayan Frontal Thrust HPP : Hydropower Project HRU : Hydrological Response Unit ICOLD : International Commission on Large Dams ICIMOD : International Center for Integrated Mountain Development IDC : Interest
    [Show full text]
  • Surunga WSS Updated IEE, Jhapa
    Updated Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 35173-013 July 2015 NEP: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project —Surunga (Jhapa District) Prepared by ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd., SILT Consultants (P) Ltd., and Unique Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd. for the Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank. This revised initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Government of Nepal Ministry of Urban Development Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) Project Management Office (PMO) Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Enhance Functionality in Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) UPDATED INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION REPORT (IEE) for Surunga Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Jhapa District Kathmandu, July 2015 Submitted by: Joint Venture in Between ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd. SILT Consultants (P) Ltd. Unique Engineering P. O. Box 2147 P.O. Box 2724 Consultancy (P) Ltd. Min Bhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal
    [Show full text]
  • ERMC Brochure
    ERMC (Environment & Resource Management Consultant) (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company) COMPANY PROFILE 2018 CONTENTS Board of Directors | 01 Message from the Managing Director | 01 Company Background | 02 • Corporate Information • Vision • Mission • Objectives • Services • Sectors Location Map of International Projects | 04 Location Map of Domestic Projects in Nepal | 05 Transportation | 06 Hydropower/Energy | 07 Water Supply, Sanitation and Urban Development | 09 Water Resources, Irrigation and Natural Resource Management | 10 Clients | 12 Associated Organizations | 12 Corporate Social Responsibility | 13 MESSAGE FROM THE MANAGING DIRECTOR ERMC has successfully completed a large number of development Board of Directors projects in Nepal since its inception in the year 1986 A.D. At present, ERMC is the largest multidisciplinary consulting firm in Nepal and the only ISO Certified Nepalese consulting firm working in different countries of Asia and Africa. The Main field of activities of our firm is planning, feasibility studies, survey, design, supervision and management of the projects within all fields of social, environmental, physical engineering and related sciences. The main sectors we work in are Transportation, Hydropower/Energy, Water Supply and Sanitation, Urban Development, Irrigation & Agriculture, Water Resources Planning and Development, GIS Mapping, Project Management, Capacity Building and Training. From the outset, our primary concern has always been to render professional services of the highest quality to our clients who include donors, governments, semi-governments, and private enterprises. ERMC has successfully implemented numerous donor funded projects in the Asian and African countries since a long time and has been able Er. Uddab Raj Chaulagain to the gain highest level of client satisfaction. The interests of our Clients Managing Director are of paramount importance in every project we undertake.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Features
    CHAPTER - II PHYSICAL FEATURES 2.0 General The Kosi-Mechi Intrastate link envisages diversion of part of surplus water of Kosi river for extending irrigation in water short commad areas of Mahananda basin lying between river Parman and Mechi by extending the existing Eastern Kosi Main Canal beyond river Parman and upto river Mechi. The link canal will provide irrigation in new command areas enroute of the link lying in Araria, Kishanganj, Purnia and Katihar districts of Bihar. 2.1 General information about climate and geography of Kosi basin The Kosi basin mainly falls in the sub-tropical belt and humid zone. The basin experiences very hot summer and severe winters except in the snow bound area and the hills of Nepal. The monsoon period is from middle of June to middle of October. The winter season is from November to March. Heavy rainfall in Kosi catchment occurs during South-West monsoon period (June to Sept). The normal daily mean temperature of the sub-basin varies from 16.50 C to 30.40 C in the plains. The maximum temperature observed in the sub-basin is 31.20 C during the month of May whereas the minimum temperature observed is 160 C in the month of January. The winds are generally light particularly during the morning hours with a mean speed of the order of 3-5 km/hour. The wind direction is North-Westerly or South-Easterly in the Eastern and Western portion and North-Westerly in the Central area for a few days. When the winds are not calm, the predominant direction is Westerly at Barahkshetra & Okhaldunga and Southerly at Taplejung.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Its Possible Impact in Groundwater Resource of the Kankai River Basin, East Nepal Himalaya
    climate Article Climate Change and Its Possible Impact in Groundwater Resource of the Kankai River Basin, East Nepal Himalaya Champak Babu Silwal 1,2, Dinesh Pathak 2,* , Drona Adhikari 1,2 and Tirtha Raj Adhikari 3 1 Department of Geology, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Dharan 56700, Nepal; [email protected] (C.B.S.); [email protected] (D.A.) 2 Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal 3 Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +977-9841476041 Received: 2 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Increasing evidence of changing climate patterns is being observed, and the impact of this change on groundwater has a direct impact on the livelihood and economy of the region. The research focuses on the impacts of global temperature increase and changing precipitation on the groundwater resources of part of the Himalayan river system. The spatial and temporal variations of the hydro-meteorological data of the Kankai River Basin in East Nepal were analyzed using non-parametric Mann–Kendall tests and Sen’s Slope methods, whereas CanESM2 was used to predict the future precipitation scenarios, and an attempt has been made to evaluate the possible impacts on groundwater systems in the region. The temperature shows a significant warming trend (0.14–0.64 ◦C/decade); however, the precipitation trends suggest remarkable variation mostly at higher elevation. The average annual precipitation suggests a decrease of 1.82 mm/year and a similar decrement has been projected for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • The Governance of Nepal's Flood Early Warning System
    THE GOVERNANCE OF NEPAL’S FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OPPORTUNITIES UNDER FEDERALISM Chinaporn Meechaiya, Emily Wilkinson, Emma Lovell, Sarah Brown and Mirianna Budimir Working paper ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chinaporn Meechaiya works as Senior Project Coordinator/Hydrologist in Climate Resilience and SERVIR-Mekong programmes at the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC). Chinaporn has experience in hydrology and urban design/urban planning and specialises in hydrology, early warning system, and flood risk management. She has worked on projects with consultancies in Thailand, Nepal, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Netherlands. Emily Wilkinson is a Senior Research Fellow in the ODI Risk and Resilience Programme, leading the Financing 4 Resilience team. Her current research focuses on risk governance and financing, accountability mechanisms and measurement frameworks for resilient development. Emma Lovell is a Research Fellow in the ODI Risk and Resilience Programme, and leads the strategy on equity and social inclusion in multi-hazard contexts. Her research focuses on disaster risk management, climate change and building resilience for all. Before ODI, Emma worked in Bangkok, Thailand, for the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. Sarah Brown is Thematic Lead for Disaster Risk Reduction for Practical Action. Her work at Practical Action focuses on disaster risk, early warning, improving decision making under complexity, end-mile communication, gender and inclusion. She is a Co-Investigator on the NERC/DFID Landslip Project (research into practice on landslide early warning). She heads the Knowledge Broker (joint with Red Cross Climate Centre) for the NERC/DFID Science for Humanitarian Emergencies and Resilience (SHEAR) Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Early Warning System in Practice Experiences of Nepal
    FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PRACTICE EXPERIENCES OF NEPAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PRACTICE EXPERIENCES OF NEPAL © Practical Action, 2016 No use of this publication can be made for resale or other commercial purpose without prior permission of Practical Action. ISBN: 978-9937-9065-3-1 Design and Print Print Communication Pvt. Ltd. Tel: 01-4241355, Kathmandu, Nepal Forewords Flood Early Warning System (EWS) is one of the key programmes implemented by Practical Action in Nepal since 2002. With around one and half decades of experience, the system has developed from piloting and grown to the current status effectively saving lives and properties across many communities. Practical Action is engaged with the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) , Government of Nepal for the establishment of community based flood EWS in eight major river systems (Kankai, Koshi, East Rapti, Narayani, Seti (Pokhara), West Rapti, Babai and Karnali) in Nepal. Moreover, technical support have been provided to scale out the system to other rivers in the country and in establishment of cross border flood EWS between Nepal and India. We have realised, there is a need of EWS in South Asia regional scale as the disasters are not limited within the political boundary. To make this happen, there is a need for strategic coordination and collaboration between and among the nations, and advancement of technologies to meet the needs. Besides flood, the EWS is equally essential for other hazards like landslides and earthquake both at national and regional levels. However, flood EWS will remain a focus programme of Practical Action in South Asia and in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • 16Thjuly, Over Ghat Areas of Madhya Maharashtra and Telangana on 1
    Central Water Commission Daily Flood Situation Report cum Advisories 14-07-2021 1.0 Rainfall Situation 1.1 Basin wise departure from normal of cumulative and daily rainfall Large Excess Excess Normal Deficient Large Deficient No Data No [60% or more] [20% to 59%] [-19% to 19%) [-59% to -20%] [-99% to -60%] [-100%) Rain Notes: a) Small figures indicate actual rainfall (mm), while bold figures indicate Normal rainfall (mm) b) Percentage departures of rainfall are shown in brackets. 1.2 Rainfall forecast for next 5 days issued on 14th July, 2021 (Midday) by IMD Extremely Heavy Falls over Konkan & Goa during 14th - 16thJuly, over ghat areas of Madhya Maharashtra and Telangana on 14th; Heavy to very heavy rainfall over Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Gujarat and Coastal Karnataka on 14th July 2021. 2.0 Flood Situation and Advisories 2.1 Summary of Flood Situation as per CWC Flood Forecasting Network On 14th July, 2021, 15 Stations (14 in Bihar and 1 in Assam) are flowing in Severe Flood Situation and 20 stations (7 in Bihar, 5 each in Assam & Uttar Pradesh and 1 each in Karnataka, Maharashtra & West Bengal) are flowing in Above Normal Flood Situation. Inflow Forecast has been issued for 12 Barrages & Dams (7 in Karnataka, 2 in Tamilnadu and 1 each in Telangana, Uttar Pradesh & West Bengal) Details are given at link: http://cwc.gov.in/sites/default/files/cfcrcwcdfb-14.07.2021-2.pdf 2.1.1 Flood Situation Map 2.2 CWC Advisories 2.2.1 West Flowing Rivers Of Ghat Areas – Gujarat, Mumbai, Konkan and Goa, Coastal Karnataka, Kerala Due to strengthening of monsoon current and formation of low pressure area over Saurashtr, IMD has predicted increased rainfall activity over west coast and neighbourhood of peninsular India.
    [Show full text]