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Probabilistic Travel Model of Gangtok City, Sikkim, India FINAL.Pdf
European Journal of Geography Volume 4, Issue2: 46-54, 2013 © Association of European Geographers ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS USING PROBABILISTIC TRAVEL MODEL: A STUDY ON GANGTOK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Suman PAUL Krishnagar Govt. College, Department of Geography Nadia, West Bengal, India. Pin-741101 http://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/ [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. The concept of tourism could be traced back to ancient times when people travelled with a view to acquiring knowledge of unknown lands and people, for the development of trade and commerce, for religious preaching and also for the sheer adventure of discovery. In fact the system of tourism involves a combination of travel, destination and marketing, which lead to a process of its cultural dimension. Gangtok as a core centre of Sikkim has potential command area over different tourist spots in East Sikkim, which are directly linked by a network of roads centering Gangtok and are perfectly accessible for one-day trips. The tourist attractions of East Sikkim are clustered mostly in and around Gangtok, the state capital. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in the Gangtok city and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. KeyWords: Eco-tourism, command area, tourist attractions, probabilistic travel model 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. -
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (Glofs)
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: GLACIAL LAKE OUTBURST FLOODS (GLOFS) Binay Kumar and T.S. Murugesh Prabhu ABSTRACT orldwide receding of mountain glaciers is one of the most reliable evidences of the changing global climate. In high mountainous terrains, with the melting of glaciers, the risk of glacial Wrelated hazards increases. One of these risks is Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). As glaciers retreat, glacial lakes form behind moraine or ice ‘dams’. These ‘dams’ are comparatively weak and can breach suddenly, leading to a discharge of huge volume of water and debris. Such outbursts have the potential of releasing millions of cubic meters of water in a few hours causing catastrophic flooding downstream with serious damage to life and property. Glacier thinning and retreat in the Sikkim Himalayas has resulted in the formation of new glacial lakes and the enlargement of existing ones due to the accumulation of melt-water. Very few studies have been conducted in Sikkim regarding the impacts of climate change on GLOFs. Hence a time-series study was carried out using satellite imageries, published maps and reports to understand the impacts of climate change on GLOFs. The current study is focussed on finding the potential glacial lakes in Sikkim that may be vulnerable to GLOF. The results show that some of the glacial lakes have grown in size and are vulnerable to GLOF. Though extensive research is required to predict GLOFs, it is recommend that an early warning system, comprising of deployment of real time sensors network at vulnerable lakes, coupled with GLOF simulation models, be installed for the State. -
The PLATEAU – North Sikkim
JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 ● HARISH KAPADIA THE PLATEAU Mountains of Sikkim – China Border This was my fifth visit to the mountains of Sikkim. As a young student I was part of the training course of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in 1964. The mountains of west Sikkim, like Kabru, Rathong, Pandim and host of others were attractive to my young eyes. I returned in 1976. No sooner Sikkim became a state on India two us, Zerksis Boga and I obtained permits and roamed the valleys for more than a month in the northwest Sikkim, covering Zemu glacier, Lhonak valley Muguthang, Lugnak la, Sebu la and returned via the Lachung valley. I returned a few times to Darjeeling and Sikkim valleys visiting the Singalila ridge, lakes of lower Sikkim and surroundings of Gangtok and Kalimpong. If you stretch the area to the south, I made several visits to Darjeeling and nearby hills over the years. Moreover in Sikkim the approach to different valleys is so varied that it gives a feeling of trekking in different Himalayan zones. 1 High Himalayan Unknown Valleys, by Harish Kapadia, p.156. (Indus Books, New Delhi, 2001). Also Himalayan Journal, Vol.35, p.181 57 ● JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 In no other country on earth can one find such a variety of micro-climates within such a short distance as Sikkim, declared the eminent English botanist and explorer Joseph Hooker in his Himalayan Journals (1854), which documented his work collecting and classifying thousands of plants in the Himalaya in the mid-19th century. In the shadow of the Himalayas, by John Claude White, 1883 – 1908. -
Sikkim University
Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim A Dissertation Submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy By Namrata Rai Department of International Relations School of Social Sciences February 2017 Gangtok 737102 INDIA Date:6/2/2017 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim” submitted to Sikkim University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy is my original work. This dissertation has not been submitted for any other degree of this university or any other university. Namrata Rai Registration No: 13SU11884 Roll No: 15MPIR05 The Department recommends that this dissertation be placed before the examiner for evaluation Dr. Manish Dr. Sebastian N. Head of the Department Supervisor February 6, 2017 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim” submitted to Sikkim University for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy in International Relations, embodies the result of bona fide research work carried out by Namrata Rai under my guidance and supervision. No part of the dissertation is submitted for any other degrees, diploma, associate- ship and fellowship. All the assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been deeply acknowledged by her. Dr. Sebastian N. Supervisor Department of International Relations School of Social Sciences Sikkim University Place: Gangtok Date: 06.02.2017 PLAGIARISM CHECK CERTIFICATE This is to certify that plagiarism check has been carried out for the following M.Phil dissertation with the help of URKUND software and the result is within the permissible limit decided by University. -
Ground Water Scenario of Himalaya Region, India
Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India laiknu@Edited By: lq'khy xqIrk v/;{k Sushil Gupta Chairman Central Ground Water Board dsanzh; Hkwfe tycksMZ Ministry of Water Resources ty lalk/ku ea=kky; Government of India Hkkjr ljdkj 2014 Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; vuqØef.kdk dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k i`"B 1- ifjp; 1 2- ty ekSle foKku 23 3- Hkw&vkd`fr foKku 34 4- ty foKku vkSj lrgh ty mi;kst~;rk 50 5- HkwfoKku vkSj foorZfudh 58 6- Hkwty foKku 73 7- ty jlk;u foKku 116 8- Hkwty lalk/ku laHkko~;rk 152 9- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k esa Hkwty fodkl ds laca/k esa vfHktkr fo"k; vkSj leL;k,a 161 10- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k ds Hkwty fodkl gsrq dk;Zuhfr 164 lanHkZ lwph 179 Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region of India CONTENTS Executive Summary i Pages 1. Introduction 1 2. Hydrometeorology 23 3. Geomorphology 34 4. Hydrology and Surface Water Utilisation 50 5. Geology and Tectonics 58 6. Hydrogeology 73 7. Hydrochemistry 116 8. Ground Water Resource Potential 152 9. Issues and problems identified in respect of Ground Water Development 161 in Himalayan Region of India 10. Strategies and plan for Ground Water Development in Himalayan Region of India 164 Bibliography 179 ifêdkvks dh lwph I. iz'kklfud ekufp=k II. Hkw vkd`fr ekufp=k III. HkwoSKkfud ekufp=k d- fgeky; ds mRrjh vkSj if'peh [kaM [k- fgeky; ds iwohZ vkSj mRrj iwohZ [kaM rFkk iwoksZRrj jkT; IV. -
Rapid Biodiversity Survey Report-I 1
RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORt-I 1 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORT - I Bistorta vaccinifolia Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP) Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department Government of Sikkim Rhododendron barbatum Published by : Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP) Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim, Deorali, Gangtok - 737102, Sikkim, India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim, Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Project Director, Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project, Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim. 2 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORt-I Contents Page No. 5 Message 6 Forward 7 Preface 8 Acknowledgement 9 Introduction 12 Rapid Biodiversity Survey. 14 Methodology 16 Sang - Tinjurey sampling path in Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, East Sikkim. 24 Yuksom - Dzongri - Gochela sampling path of Kanchendzonga Biosphere reserve, West Sikkim 41 Ravangla - Bhaleydunga sampling path, Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, South Sikkim. 51 Tholoung - Kishong sampling path, Kanchendzonga National Park, North Sikkim. -
Conservation & Adaptation In
Conservation & Adaptation in Asia’s High Mountains Issue #2 | July 2016 worldwildlife.org/AHM Research: female snow leopard fitted with GPS collar in Nepal. Her collar will provide conservationists with valuable 2 information that will help safeguard the future of snow leopards. Saving Snow Leopards: good news from Mongolia Participants at the GSLEP workshop. ©WWF-US and Pakistan. Children in Mongolia led a 3 UPDATE FROM GSLEP successful campaign to save snow leopards from traps, while Workshop on Landscape Management Pakistan has been able to reduce snow leopard killings drastically. Planning to Conserve the Snow Leopard Written by Matthias Fiechter, Snow Leopard Trust Climate: inside a Earlier this spring, experts and representatives from nine snow Kyrgyz effort to leopard range countries met in Kathmandu, Nepal, for a workshop manage river basins. on climate smart conservation planning at the landscape level to protect the iconic snow leopard. Communities are working on a watershed management plan that 3 Snow leopards use vast home ranges of several hundred square will safeguard the Chon Kyzyl-Suu kilometers. To protect them, the twelve snow leopard range river basin in a changing climate. countries identified the need to go beyond isolated protected areas and conduct conservation efforts at a larger landscape level. In October 2013, all 12 range countries came together and Sustainable unanimously endorsed the Bishkek Declaration on Snow Leopard Livelihoods: Conservation that culminated into the Global Snow Leopard and communities in India Ecosystem Protection Program (GSLEP). and Bhutan taking This workshop was part of the GSLEP process to secure 20 snow care of nature. -
Medical Tourism-Entrepreneurship Prospects in India's North East
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 7, Issue 1, Jan 2019, 413-430 © Impact Journals MEDICAL TOURISM-ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROSPECTS IN INDIA'S NORTH EAST Shahnoor Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, DKD College, Dergaon, Assam, India Received: 23 Jan 2019 Accepted: 28 Jan 2019 Published: 31 Jan 2019 ABSTRACT Medical tourism is a growing sector in India. In October 2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion. It is projected to grow to $7–8 billion by 2020. According to the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), the primary reason that attracts medical value travel to India is cost-effectiveness and treatment from accredited facilities at par with developed countries at much lower cost. Northeast India is well blessed by Nature. It has rich cultural heritage and exotic presence of flora and fauna. Besides having spectacular biodiversity, wildlife, snow- capped Himalayas, tropical forests, shrines of diverse religions, and prominent archaeological sites, Northeast India provides an immense opportunity for medical tourism. So, medical treatment in the Northeast means adding new life to health. KEYWORDS: Cost-Effectiveness and Treatment, Day-to-Day Activities and Achievements INTRODUCTION Medical tourism refers to the activity of people traveling from one place to another to get the medical benefits which are not available at their own location. In its initial stages, it meant traveling from developing to the developed Nations in search of better health care and treatment facilities. However, nowadays, the tables have turned in favor or the developing Nations. -
Observed and Simulated Winter Temperature Over Gurudongmar Area, North Sikkim, India
MAUSAM, 71, 1 (January 2020), 115-124 551.509 : 551.524 Observed and simulated winter temperature over Gurudongmar area, North Sikkim, India ARCHISMAN BARAT, P. PARTH SARTHI*, SUNNY KUMAR, PRAVEEN KUMAR and ASHUTOSH K. SINHA Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya – 824 236, India (Received 14 February 2019, Accepted 10 October 2019) *e mail : [email protected] सार – भूमडं लय उणन का ायोफयर पर इसका भाव गंभीर चतं ा का वषय है। सिकम और पवू हमालय के अलग-अलग भूय और वभन जलवाय ु े एक च क भाँत ह। सतह के वाय ु तापमान क दघका लक जलवाय ु वृ त पर ायोफयर के अययन पर और अधक यान देने क आवयकता है। गुडगमर े बहुत महवपणू है यक यह े लेशयर से घरा हुआ है और यहाँ ठंडा रेगतान और सो हालाम (TsoLhamo) झील भी है। कई शोधकताओ ं न े गुडगमर झील (17,800 फट क ऊंचाई पर िथत) का अययन लेशयल लेक आउटबट लस (GLOFs) के संदभ म कया है, और इसे अयधक जोखम वाल झील माना गया है जो भूमडं लय उणन और जलवाय ु परवतन से काफ हद तक भावत हो रह है। वतमान अययन का उदेय सिकम के अययन वाले े पर हाल के दन म और भवय के समय म तापमान क वृ क जांच करना है। अययन े पर दसंबर-जनवर- फरवर (डीजएे फ) के सदय के महन म बढ़ते हुए मॉडल और सयलु ेटेड डड तापमान डेटा क बढ़ती वृ को देखते हुए माना जाता है। तापमान म वृ ध भवय क समय अवध के लए पाई जाती है। इसे बढ़ते खतरे और थानीय ायोफयर वातावरण म बदलाव से जोड़ा जा सकता है। ABSTRACT. -
India Presentation
WTC Mumbai Presents India’s Diversity A Unique Business Opportunity CONTENTS Pg. No Preface - India's Diversity - A Unique Business Opportunity 3 Maharashtra - An Overview 4-9 The Known and Unknown of India 10-11 India - A Brief Overview 12-15 North Eastern States - Cultural Overview 16-17 Eastern India - Cultural Overview 18-19 South India - Cultural Overview 20-23 Central India - Cultural Overview 24-25 Western India - Cultural Overview 26-27 North India - Cultural Overview 28-33 State-wise Contribution to Indian Economy 34-35 Indian Economy At a Glance 36-37 Major Export Destinations 38-39 Major Sources of Import 40-41 Major Source of FDI 42-43 MSMEs Sector: Engine of Economic Growth 44-45 State-wise Distribution of MSME Clusters 46-47 State-wise Mega Food Parks in India 48-49 Women in Business / Women Entrepreneurship 50-51 Major Industrial Belts of India 52-53 Other Industrial Centres in India 54-55 Major and Non Major Ports in India 56-57 India Road Infrastructure 58-59 Key Infrastructure Projects 60-61 Proposed Industrial Corridors 62-63 Government of India’s Ambitious Programmes 64-65 Key Policy Steps Taken in Last 2 Years 66-67 Promising Sectors for Investors 68-69 Goods and Services Tax 70-71 India Economic Outlook 72-74 Preface - India's Diversity – A Unique Business Opportunity ndia's diversity in geography, ethnicity, culture, language and religion has remained the bedrock of its dynamic and resilient economy. IDiversity in geographical regions has supported occupations as diverse as agriculture, forestry, weaving, jewellery, travel and tourism, healthcare and so on. -
Glacier Changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista Basin Between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2923–2944, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Glacier changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista basin between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India Arindam Chowdhury1, Milap Chand Sharma2, Sunil Kumar De1, and Manasi Debnath1 1Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India 2Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India Correspondence: Sunil Kumar De ([email protected]) Received: 25 November 2020 – Discussion started: 28 January 2021 Revised: 19 April 2021 – Accepted: 10 May 2021 – Published: 17 June 2021 Abstract. Glaciers of the Tista basin represent an important water source for mountain communities and a large population downstream. The article presents observable changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed (CCW) glacier area of the Tista basin, the Sikkim Himalaya. The CCW contains 74 glaciers (> 0.02 km2) with a mean glacier size of 0.61 km2. We determined changes in glaciers from the declassified Hexagon Keyhole-9 (KH- 9) (1975), Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) (1989), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETMC) (2000), Landsat 5 TM (2010), and Sentinel-2A (2018) images. The total glacier area in 1975 was 62.6 ± 0.7 km2; and by 2018, the area had decreased to 44.8 ± 1.5 km2, an area loss of 17.9 ± 1.7 km2 (0.42 ± 0.04 km2 a−1). Clean glaciers exhibited more area loss of 11.8 ± 1.2 km2 (0.27 ± 0.03 km2 a−1) than partially debris-covered and maximally debris-covered glaciers. -
Sikkim (8 Days, 7NIGHTS)
Sikkim (8 days, 7NIGHTS) Tour Route: Gangtok – Lachen – Gurudongmar – Lachung – Gangtok Tour Duration: 8 Days, 7 Nights Estimate travel dates: April 3 to 10 **************************************************************************************************** BRIEF ITINERARY: April 3: Bagdogra Arrival. Transfer to Gangtok April 4: Depart for North Sikkim. Stop at waterfall. Overnight at Lachen April 5: Drive to Lake Gurudongmar. Overnight at Lachen April 6: Lachen to Lachung. Enroute play in the blisteringly cold Teesta river April 7: Yumthang Valley visit. Overnight Lachung April 8: Back to Gangtok with stops at Singhik and Mangan April 9: Changu Lake and Enchey Monastery Visit April 10: Depart for Bagdogra airport. DETAILED ITINERARY: April 3: Fly into Bagdogra; transfer to Gangtok ; O/N Gangtok Upon your arrival at the airport, a cab will transfer you to Gangtok – a drive of about four hours. We shall reach by evening. After freshening up at the hotel for a bit, let’s head out to MG Road which is Gangtok’s Mall road, and check out some of the cafes and restaurants there. April 4: Gangtok to Lachen ; O/N Lachen After an early breakfast, we set out for North Sikkim. We are headed for Lachen (8840 metres) about 6 hours from Gangtok. Opened for tourists in 2000, Lachen is a nature lover’s paradise. Enroute to Lachen is the seven sisters waterfall, where of course we must stop to play in the water. Waterfalls are a regular part of this route to North Sikkim. As our cabs keep motoring towards Lachen, the hillside is teeming with little streams, springs, waterfalls and furry dogs. We cross the small hamlet of Mangan, with its flower patches and waterwheels strung with bells set in exquisite gardens.