Amores (Des)Racializados: Um Estudo Psicossocial Dos Casamentos De “Amarelos” Com Negros E Brancos Em São Paulo

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Amores (Des)Racializados: Um Estudo Psicossocial Dos Casamentos De “Amarelos” Com Negros E Brancos Em São Paulo UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE PSICOLOGIA Laura Satoe Ueno Amores (des)racializados: um estudo psicossocial dos casamentos de “amarelos” com negros e brancos em São Paulo Versão corrigida São Paulo 2020 Laura Satoe Ueno Amores (des)racializados: um estudo psicossocial dos casamentos de “amarelos” com negros e brancos em São Paulo Versão Corrigida Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo para obter o título de Doutora em Ciências Área de Concentração: Psicologia Social Orientador: Prof. Titular sênior Geraldo José de Paiva São Paulo 2020 Nome: Ueno, Laura Satoe Título: Amores (des)racializados: um estudo psicossocial dos casamentos de “amarelos” com negros e brancos em São Paulo. Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo para obter o título de Doutora em Ciências. Programa: Psicologia Social Aprovada em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr.: _________________________________________________________________ Instituição: _________________________________________________________________ Julgamento: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr.: _________________________________________________________________ Instituição: _________________________________________________________________ Julgamento: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr.: _________________________________________________________________ Instituição: _________________________________________________________________ Julgamento: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr.: _________________________________________________________________ Instituição: _________________________________________________________________ Julgamento: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr.: _________________________________________________________________ Instituição: _________________________________________________________________ Julgamento: _________________________________________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Às pessoas que participaram da pesquisa compartilhando suas histórias. Ao meu orientador Prof. Geraldo José de Paiva, pelo acompanhamento no percurso, sempre com disponibilidade e precioso incentivo. À Profᵃ Leny Sato e à Profᵃ Sylvia Dantas pelas sugestões importantes no exame de qualificação. Ao Prof. Alessandro de Oliveira dos Santos pela conversa e contribuições inspiradoras. Aos queridos amigos e colegas pesquisadores Bruno Hayashi, Kajali Lima Vitório e Nassim Golshan pelas conversas, trocas e pelo feedback da leitura de partes do texto. À Caroline Ricca Lee, Cristina Sumita, Ivani Oliveira, Jdiane Cardoso, Karina Ishimori, Mônica Huang, Nelma Monteiro e Yasmim Yonekura pelas interlocuções e/ou indicações de entrevistados. À Yasmim, especialmente pela revisão sagaz do resumo em inglês. Ao Grupo de estudos e de pesquisadores asiático-brasileiros recém reunido na USP por Laís Miwa Higa, cujas discussões contribuíram para este trabalho. Aos amigos que tenho encontrado/reencontrado no caminho e torceram pelo desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. À Maria do Socorro Sales e Maria Helena Raimo Caldas de Oliveira, analistas que me acompanharam nesse percurso. Ao Renato dos Santos pelo que me ensinou nos anos de convívio, entre tantas outras coisas, acerca de sua vivência cotidiana com raça. À minha mãe Miti e mana Mika, mulheres extraordinárias de resistência e de espírito insistente, cujo apoio foi essencial para a minha vida acadêmica e conquistas. À Nalva Gil e Rosângela Sigaki da Secretaria do PST, pela assistência a questões importantes ao longo da pós-graduação. À CAPES pela concessão de auxílio financeiro durante parte do período de doutorado. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de financiamento 001 Combinamos por fim de nos encontrar na esquina das nossas ruas que não se cruzam. Ana Maria Marques sou o resultado de uma reunião em que os ancestrais decidiram que alguém precisava contar essas histórias rupi kaur Ueno, L.S. (2020) Amores (des)racializados: um estudo psicossocial dos casamentos de “amarelos” com negros e brancos em São Paulo (Tese de doutorado, Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo). RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as percepções acerca de raça-etnia em casamentos inter- raciais de amarelos com negros e com brancos em São Paulo. Procuramos compreender como as diferenças eram vividas pelos parceiros na interação com os familiares e em ambientes públicos. Na discussão das dinâmicas raciais - não binárias - entre os três grupos, articulamos a teoria da triangulação racial de asiáticos, do campo da Sociologia, às configurações triangulares, do campo psicológico. O método utilizado, dentro da abordagem construcionista, incluiu no campo pesquisado uma revisão de literatura acadêmica, a observação de relatos e de discussões sobre o assunto nas redes sociais e em episódios do cotidiano, conversas informais com dois sujeitos e com dois casais, além da realização de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro casais. Os significados de raça no relacionamento conjugal eram negados ou atenuados no discurso da maioria dos participantes. Contraditoriamente, as experiências narradas do convívio com a família e o meio social eram racializadas, em que traços biológicos e/ou culturais eram associados a características pessoais. Estereótipos e microagressões raciais faziam parte da vivência e da história dos parceiros não brancos e as identidades étnico-raciais mostraram-se salientes nas fronteiras entre os grupos. Brancos e amarelos não encontraram resistências da família dos parceiros ao casamento inter-racial, enquanto manifestações racistas com profundos impactos psicológicos foram experienciadas por cônjuges negros, não aceitos automaticamente nas famílias asiáticas. A branquitude como norma permeava não só a busca da brasilidade pelos amarelos casados com brancos, mas também o cotidiano das famílias afro- asiáticas. Percebeu-se existência de maior ansiedade social em relação aos casais amarelo e negro, e em torno do nascimento de seus filhos. Porém, estes casais adotavam estratégias de enfrentamento, contando com apoio mútuo e posicionando-se como unidade. Os que se conscientizaram das desigualdades de poder no contato com reflexões interseccionais sobre raça e gênero, passaram a afirmar de forma positiva as identidades não brancas e a considerar ativamente essas dimensões no processo de socialização dos filhos. Buscou-se com este estudo contribuir para preencher a lacuna notada quanto aos estudos étnicos e raciais envolvendo asiático-brasileiros, particularmente na esfera das relações afetivo-sexuais. Os resultados mostraram ser relevantes para uma compreensão do lugar complexo dos amarelos nas hierarquias raciais brasileiras, sendo pontuadas as implicações para o racismo e o antirracismo. Palavras-chave: Casamento inter-racial. Asiáticos. Relações étnicas e raciais. Raça. Preconceito. Ueno, L.S. (2020) De)Racialized Loves: a Psychosocial Study of Interracial Marriage between “Yellow” and Black and White people in São Paulo (Doctoral Thesis, Institute of Psychology, São Paulo University, São Paulo) ABSTRACT This research analyzes the perceptions of race and ethnicity in Yellow-Black and Yellow-White interracial marriages in São Paulo, Brazil. We tried to understand which differences were experienced by partners while interacting with extended family members and in public situations. While discussing the non-binary racial dynamic between these three groups - Yellows, Blacks and Whites – we were able to articulate the theory of racial triangulation of Asians – from the Sociology field – to the triangular configurations – from the psychological field. The constructionist approach-based method included reviewing academic literature on the subjects of race, society and interracial relations, gathering information from two individuals and two couples, as well as conducting in-depth interviews with other four couples and scrutinizing recorded commentaries and discussions about the subject in social media and also analyzing daily life episodes, and also informal conversations. The meaning of race in the marital relationship was denied or attenuated in most participants’ discourses. Contradictorily, the experiences they narrated were racialized, especially while interacting with the families and with the social environment. In these moments, biological or cultural traits were associated with personal characteristics. Stereotypes and racial microaggressions were part of the experience and life histories of non-white spouses and ethnic/racial identities remained important boundaries between groups. Whites and Yellows found no resistance from the partner's family when it came to interracial marriage, while manifestations of racism and profound psychological impacts were experienced by Black spouses, not automatically accepted by Asian families. Whiteness was a norm that permeated not only the search for Brazilianness (a ‘true’ Brazilian identity) for Yellows married to Whites, but also the life of Afro-Asian families. There was greater social anxiety over Yellow-Black unions, and also concerning the birth of their children. However, these couples adopted coping strategies, relying on mutual support and positioning themselves as a unit. Those who became aware of the inequalities of power when having contact with intersectional reflections on race and
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