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TAXON:Cerastium Fontanum SCORE:11.5 RATING
TAXON: Cerastium fontanum SCORE: 11.5 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Cerastium fontanum Family: Caryophyllaceae Common Name(s): common mouse-ear Synonym(s): Cerastium caespitosum Gilib. ex Asch. common mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium fontanum subsp. triviale (Spenn.) Jalas mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium holosteoides Fr. Cerastium triviale Link Cerastium vulgare Hartm. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 6 Nov 2015 WRA Score: 11.5 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Herbaceous Weed, Temperate, Widely Naturalized, Mat-Forming, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric -
Lquat Arctic Alpine Plants
The Late -Quaternary History of Arctic and Alpine Plants and their future in a warming world Hilary H. Birks University of Bergen How do we reconstruct the history of flora and vegetation? Where do we find our evidence and how do we interpret it? The history of the history What were past climates like and how did they change? How did plants survive climate change? The most recent glacial climate – the Younger Dryas How did arctic and alpine plants react to Holocene warming? What does the future hold for Arctic and Alpine plants? 1 1. Evidence of past flora and its changes Fossils • Pollen - microscopic • Macrofossils – can be seen with naked eye. Seeds, fruits, leaves, etc. Molecular DNA analyses of living arctic alpines can complement the fossil record. Find different populations in space today and deduce past migrations Fossil DNA extraction from sediments or plant remains is becoming increasingly sophisticated Pollen grains and spores • Walls are sporopollenin, very resistant to decay • Preserve well in anaerobic environments, e.g. lake sediments, peats • Can be extracted from the sediment matrix using chemicals to remove the organic and inorganic sediment components • Counted under a high-power microscope • Frequent enough to allow percentage calculations of abundance 2 BUT - in glacial and late-glacial environments: • Wind-dispersed pollen types dominate the assemblages (grasses, sedges, Artemisia ) • Arctic and alpine herbs generally produce rather little pollen • They are frequently insect pollinated • In landscapes with plants -
The Phylogenetics of Succession Can Guide Restoration: an Example from Abandoned Mine Sites in the Subarctic
Journal of Applied Ecology 2015, 52, 1509–1517 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12517 The phylogenetics of succession can guide restoration: an example from abandoned mine sites in the subarctic Stephanie Shooner1,2*, Chelsea Chisholm1,3 and T. Jonathan Davies1,4 1Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada; 2Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada; 3Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; and 4African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa Summary 1. Phylogenetic tools have increasingly been used in community ecology to describe the evo- lutionary relationships among co-occurring species. In studies of succession, such tools may allow us to identify the evolutionary lineages most suited for particular stages of succession and habitat rehabilitation. However, to date, these two applications have been largely sepa- rate. Here, we suggest that information on phylogenetic community structure might help to inform community restoration strategies following major disturbance. 2. Our study examined phylogenetic patterns of succession based on a chronosequence of three abandoned subarctic mine spoil heaps (waste piles) dating from the early 1970s, mid-1970s and early 1980s. The vegetation at each mine site was compared to the surrounding vegetation, and community structure on mines was explored assuming species pools at nested spatial scales. 3. We found that the adjacent vegetation was more phylogenetically clustered than the vege- tation on the mines, with mines demonstrating weaker phylogenetic community structure. -
A Guide to Frequent and Typical Plant Communities of the European Alps
- Alpine Ecology and Environments A guide to frequent and typical plant communities of the European Alps Guide to the virtual excursion in lesson B1 (Alpine plant biodiversity) Peter M. Kammer and Adrian Möhl (illustrations) – Alpine Ecology and Environments B1 – Alpine plant biodiversity Preface This guide provides an overview over the most frequent, widely distributed, and characteristic plant communities of the European Alps; each of them occurring under different growth conditions. It serves as the basic document for the virtual excursion offered in lesson B1 (Alpine plant biodiversity) of the ALPECOLe course. Naturally, the guide can also be helpful for a real excursion in the field! By following the road map, that begins on page 3, you can determine the plant community you are looking at. Communities you have to know for the final test are indicated with bold frames in the road maps. On the portrait sheets you will find a short description of each plant community. Here, the names of communities you should know are underlined. The portrait sheets are structured as follows: • After the English name of the community the corresponding phytosociological units are in- dicated, i.e. the association (Ass.) and/or the alliance (All.). The names of the units follow El- lenberg (1996) and Grabherr & Mucina (1993). • The paragraph “site characteristics” provides information on the altitudinal occurrence of the community, its topographical situation, the types of substrata, specific climate conditions, the duration of snow-cover, as well as on the nature of the soil. Where appropriate, specifications on the agricultural management form are given. • In the section “stand characteristics” the horizontal and vertical structure of the community is described. -
From Cacti to Carnivores: Improved Phylotranscriptomic Sampling And
Article Type: Special Issue Article RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: Using and Navigating the Plant Tree of Life Short Title: Walker et al.—Phylotranscriptomic analysis of Caryophyllales From cacti to carnivores: Improved phylotranscriptomic sampling and hierarchical homology inference provide further insight into the evolution of Caryophyllales Joseph F. Walker1,13, Ya Yang2, Tao Feng3, Alfonso Timoneda3, Jessica Mikenas4,5, Vera Hutchison4, Caroline Edwards4, Ning Wang1, Sonia Ahluwalia1, Julia Olivieri4,6, Nathanael Walker-Hale7, Lucas C. Majure8, Raúl Puente8, Gudrun Kadereit9,10, Maximilian Lauterbach9,10, Urs Eggli11, Hilda Flores-Olvera12, Helga Ochoterena12, Samuel F. Brockington3, Michael J. Moore,4 and Stephen A. Smith1,13 Manuscript received 13 October 2017; revision accepted 4 January 2018. 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048 USA 2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK 4 Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Science Center K111, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074-1097 USA 5 Current address: USGS Canyonlands Research Station, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA 6 Institute of Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME), Stanford University, 475 Author Manuscript Via Ortega, Suite B060, Stanford, CA, 94305-4042 USA This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. -
A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales
A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales Rhestr o Blanhigion Fasgwlaidd Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru Rhestr o Blanhigion Fasgwlaidd Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru Dr Trevor Dines Plantlife Wales With the help of the Vice-county Recorders Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity and Committee of the Botanical Society of the 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury Wiltshire SP1 1DX UK. British Isles in Wales, and the Countryside Telephone +44 (0)1722 342730 Fax +44 (01722 329 035 Council for Wales [email protected] www.plantlife.org.uk Plantlife International – The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee. Gyda chymorth Cofnodwyr yr is-siroedd a hefyd Registered Charity Number: 1059559 Registered Company Number: 3166339. Registered in England and Wales. Pwyllgor Cymreig y ‘Botanical Society of the Charity registered in Scotland no. SC038951. British Isles’ a Chyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru © Plantlife International, June 2008 1 1 ISBN 1-904749-92-5 DESIGN BY RJPDESIGN.CO.UK RHESTROBLANHIGIONFASGWLAIDDDATACOCHARGYFERCYMRU AVASCULARPLANTREDDATALISTFORWALES SUMMARY Featured Species In this report, the threats facing the entire vascular plant flora of Wales have Two species have been selected to illustrate the value of producing a Vascular Plant been assessed using international criteria for the first time. Using data supplied Red Data List for Wales. by the Botanical Society of the British Isles and others, the rate at which species are declining and the size of remaining populations have been quantified in detail to provide an accurate and up-to-date picture of the state of vascular Bog Orchid (Hammarbya paludosa) plants in Wales.The production of a similar list (using identical criteria) for Least Concern in Great Britain but Endangered in Wales Great Britain in 2005 allows comparisons to be made between the GB and Welsh floras. -
Studien Über Die Gefäss Pflanzen in Den
ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA EDIDIT SVENSKA VÄXTGEOGRAFISKA SÄLLSKAPET xvrr STUDIEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄSS PFLANZEN IN DEN HOCHGEBIRGEN DER PITE LAPPMARK VON Tu. ARwinssoN UPPSALA 1943 A L M Q V I 8 T & W I K B E L L 8 B 0 K T R Y C K. E R I A.·B. SVENSKA V ÄXTGEOGRAFISKA SÄLLSKAPET - Stiftat den 20 april 1923 - ADRESS: UPPSALA UNIVERSITETS VÄXTBIOLOGISKA INSTITUTION, UPPSALA 6 Styrelse: Ordf. Prof. G. Einar Du Rietz, v. ordf. Prof. Hugo Osvald, sekr. Fil. lic. Edvard von Krusenstjerna, skattm. Fil. lic. Sten Ahlner, red. Docent Gunnar Degelius. Övr.: Prof. John Axel Nannfeldt, Prof. Gunnar Samuelsson, Fil. kand. Gustaf Sandberg, Prof. Carl Skottsberg, Docent Sven Thunmark. Sällskapet, som utgör en fortsättning av Svenska Växtsociologiska Sällskapet, ,är en föreningslänk mellan Sveriges växtgeografer och övriga för växtgeogra:fisk forskning intresserade personer; dess ändamä.l är att väcka, underhalla och främja intresset för växtgeogra:fien i vidsträcktaste mening, särskilt utforskandet av svensk vegetation och :flora, samt att hävda växtgeogra:fiens ställning inom svensk natur forskning». - » För detta ändamä.l skall Sällskapet verka bl. a. genom att anordna sammankomster och exkursioner, att utgiva en publikationsserie, Acta Phytogeo graphica Suecica, vilken utkommer med ett eller :flera band arligen, att främja det växtgeogra:fiska naturskyddet samt att arbeta för den växtgeografiska forskningens utnyttjande i vart lands näringsliv.» Medlemskap. Inträde vinnes genom inval efter - anmälan hos sekreteraren under ovannämnda adress. Arsavgift 5 kronor; ständig medlemsavgift 75 kronor. - Säliskapeta Acta, som beräknas utkomma med minst ett band arligen, utsändas till medlemmarna mot giropostförskott pa ·arsavgift + vorto. Abonnement. Föreningar, bibliotek, läroanstalter och andra institutioner kunna efter styrelsens prövning erhalla Acta Phytogeographica Suecica mot en ärlig abonnementsavgift, som för svenska abonnenter utgar med 5 kronor + porto, för utländska abonnenter med 7 kronor (incl. -
Flower Colours Along an Alpine Altitude Gradient, Seen Through the Eyes of Fly and Bee Pollinators
Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2009) 3:27–43 DOI 10.1007/s11829-009-9056-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Flower colours along an alpine altitude gradient, seen through the eyes of fly and bee pollinators Sarah E. J. Arnold Æ Vincent Savolainen Æ Lars Chittka Received: 23 June 2008 / Accepted: 30 January 2009 / Published online: 17 February 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Alpine flowers face multiple challenges in higher altitude. However, although there was a slight terms of abiotic and biotic factors, some of which may increase in bee-blue-green flowers and a decrease in bee- result in selection for certain colours at increasing altitude, blue flowers with increasing elevation, there were no sta- in particular the changing pollinator species composition, tistically significant effects of altitude on flower colour as which tends to move from bee-dominated at lower eleva- seen either by bees or by flies. Although flower colour is tions to fly-dominated in high-alpine regions. To evaluate known to be constrained by evolutionary history, in this whether growing at altitude—and the associated change in sample we also did not find evidence that phylogeny and the dominant pollinator groups present—has an effect on elevation interact to determine flower colours in alpine the colour of flowers, we analysed data collected from areas. the Dovrefjell National Park in Norway. Unlike previous studies, however, we considered the flower colours Keywords Flower colour Á Pollinator diversity Á according to ecologically relevant models of bee and fly Insect vision Á Alpine flowers Á Pollination colour vision and also their physical spectral properties independently of any colour vision system, rather than merely looking at human colour categories. -
Breeding System, Insect Flower Visitation, and Floral Traits of Two Alpine Cerastium Species in Norway
Breeding System, Insect Flower Visitation, and Floral Traits of Two Alpine Cerastium Species in Norway Ørjan Totland; Björn Schulte-Herbrüggen Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol. 35, No. 2. (May, 2003), pp. 242-247. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1523-0430%28200305%2935%3A2%3C242%3ABSIFVA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is currently published by The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate, contracting on behalf of the University of Colorado at Boulder for the benefit of INSTAAR. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/regentsINSTAAR.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. -
Polish Polar Res. 1-17.Indd
vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 83–104, 2017 doi: 10.1515/popore-2017-0001 Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis Wioleta KELLMANN-SOPYŁA1, Justyna KOC1, Ryszard J. GÓRECKI1, Marcin DOMACIUK3 and Irena GIEŁWANOWSKA1,2* 1 Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2 Department of Antarctic Biology and Polish Antarctic H. Arctowski Station, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland * Corresponding author <[email protected]> Abstract: The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed spe- cies were Colobanthus quitensis of West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well as Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata of the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. -
Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas in Land Plants
Mycorrhiza (2006) 16: 299–363 DOI 10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 REVIEW B. Wang . Y.-L. Qiu Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants Received: 22 June 2005 / Accepted: 15 December 2005 / Published online: 6 May 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract A survey of 659 papers mostly published since plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Malloch et al. 1980; 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of mycorrhizal Harley and Harley 1987; Trappe 1987; Selosse and Le Tacon occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land 1998;Readetal.2000; Brundrett 2002). Since Nägeli first plants. A plant phylogeny was then used to map the my- described them in 1842 (see Koide and Mosse 2004), only a corrhizal information to examine evolutionary patterns. Sev- few major surveys have been conducted on their phyloge- eral findings from this survey enhance our understanding of netic distribution in various groups of land plants either by the roles of mycorrhizas in the origin and subsequent diver- retrieving information from literature or through direct ob- sification of land plants. First, 80 and 92% of surveyed land servation (Trappe 1987; Harley and Harley 1987;Newman plant species and families are mycorrhizal. Second, arbus- and Reddell 1987). Trappe (1987) gathered information on cular mycorrhiza (AM) is the predominant and ancestral type the presence and absence of mycorrhizas in 6,507 species of of mycorrhiza in land plants. Its occurrence in a vast majority angiosperms investigated in previous studies and mapped the of land plants and early-diverging lineages of liverworts phylogenetic distribution of mycorrhizas using the classifi- suggests that the origin of AM probably coincided with the cation system by Cronquist (1981). -
FULLTEXT01.Pdf
ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 68 EDIDIT SVENSKA V AXTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET Studies • m Plant Ecology dedicated to Hugo Sjors Edited by Erik Sjiigren Almqvist Wiksell International, Stockholm & UPPSALA 1980 Suggested citation: Studies in plant ecology. Dedicated to Hugo Sjors. Erik Sj ogren. Ed. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 68. Uppsala. ISBN 91-7210-068-0 (paperback) ISBN 91-7210-468-6 (cloth) ISSN 0084-5914 © The respective authors 1980 Svenska Vaxtgeografiska Sallskapet Box 559, S-75 1 22 Uppsala Editor: Erik Sjogren Technical editor: Gunnel Sjors Phototypesetting by Textgruppen i Uppsala AB Printed in Sweden 1980 by Borgstroms Tryckeri AB, Motala Preface The Swedish Phytogeographical Society is publishing the present volume in honour of Professor Hugo Sjors, Head of the Institute of Ecological Botany from 1962 to 1980 and holder of the chair of Professor of Ecological Botany during the same period. Hugo Sjors has been and still is the chairman of the Swedish Phytogeographical Society. This combination of activities has b;;en particularly fruitful not only for the Society but also for the Institute and its students. Manuscripts submitted to Acta Phytogeographica Suecica are prepared fo r publication largely as a result of efforts made by members of the Institute. In the world of science Hugo Sjors is fo remost known as an ecologist of mires. His knowledge and results in this respect are not restricted to Scandinavian mires but cover such vegetation within the entire northern hemisphere. Research on mire vegetation at the Institute was earlier firmly anchored in the work of Rutger Sernander and G.E. Du Rietz but for the last two decades it has been led by Hugo Sj ors, with a rich variety of new methods and approaches.