Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2001 Self-Criticism as Experienced by Performing Artists a Phenomenological Study Rosemary Hakes Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Art Education Commons, Counselor Education Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, and the Psychological Phenomena and Processes Commons Recommended Citation Hakes, Rosemary, "Self-Criticism as Experienced by Performing Artists a Phenomenological Study" (2001). Dissertations. 1366. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1366 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. SELF-CRITICISM AS EXPERIENCED BY PERFORMING ARTISTS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY by Rosemary Hakes A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SELF-CRITICISM AS EXPERIENCED BY PERFORMING ARTISTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY Rosemary Hakes, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2001 The purpose of this study was to describe and document the essence of the experience of self-criticism for performing artists with the aim of providing recommendations for educational and therapeutic purposes. Moustakas (1994) defines essence as “that which is common or universal, the condition or quality without which a thing would not be what it is” (p.