ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﮑﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ str. s. Polygonum اﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ
ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩاﻧﺸﺠﻮ: ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﭘﺎﺯﻭﮐﻰ
اﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭاﻫﻨﻤﺎ: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ
اﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ: ﺧﺪﻳﺠﻪ ﮐﻴﺎﺭﺳﺘﻤﻰ
ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ: ﺟﻨﺲ l. s. Polygonum ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩا ۱۷۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩاﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﻨﻰ ﺩاﺭﺩ. اﻏﻠﺐ
ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩاﺭاﻯ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩاﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻰ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮاﺭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩاﺭﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ
ﺩاﺭاﻯ ۸ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ .argyrocoleon P. Bieb، M. patulum P. Bioss، molliaeforme P. Boreau، arenastrum P. L.، aviculare P
Jaub. rottboellioides P. Spach، & Jaub. polycnemoides P. Schiman-czeik، & F. Rech. olivascens P. Kunze، Ex
Steud.
& Spach ﺩﺭ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ۲۷ ﻭاﺣﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻰ اﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ اﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ ﻭ ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ
ﻭ ۳ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .molliaeforme P. rottboelloides, P ﻭ .polycnemoides P اﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻰ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻓﻨﺪﻗﻪ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﺯ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻋﺮﺿﻰ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ، ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ اﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ اﻓﺰاﺭ
Statistics) (Palaeontological PAST ﻭ SPSS ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ اﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﮐﻤﻰ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﭼﻨﺪ
ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ variance) minimum (Wards WARD ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ اﺻﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ اﺯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪاﺩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ اﻓﺘﺮاﻗﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ
ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ ﻭ ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﺑﺮاﻯ اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﺮﻭﺳﮑﻮﭖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩاﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ
ﺟﺪاﻳﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻰ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭاﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ۴-ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ، ۴-ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﻰ ﺑﻨﺰﻭﺋﻴﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻮﻣﺎﺭﻳﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﺭ
ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻔﮑﻴﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻰ
اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩاﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺩﺭ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاﻯ ﺟﺪاﻳﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ، اﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ
ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻰ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭا ﺩاﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮاﻯ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ.
ﺩاﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ: ۱۳۹۶
ﺩاﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ اﻟﺰﻫﺮا
بسم اهلل الرحمه الرحیم
أ
دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(
دا١ـْذ٥فٛ٤ٚصیؼشی
دبیب١ٟب٦ٝ
٨ػزاخزدس٦ػّبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ
سؿش٦صیؼز٢ؿبػیٕیب٧ی-ٕشایػؾیؼشٞبسی٣ِث٢ؿٛ٤بػیٕیب٧ی
ف٤٢اٟ
ثشسػیثیػ٤یؼشٞبسیْی ثشخی٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙ.Polygonum s.strاصسیش٥فٚو٧يزث٢ذدسایشاٟ
اػشبدساٞ٢٧ب
دّششٝشیّٜـب٣سصی
اػشبداٟٝـب٣س
دّششخذی٦ؼّیبسػشٞی
دّششٞػبؼٝ٦١بىشی
دا١ـ٤ؼ
ٝی٢بدبص٣ّی
٨ؿشی٤س1396
ة
"کلیً دستاورداهی ایه ژپوهص متعلق هب دااگشني الزرها)س( میباشد"
ر
هب تماضا سىگىد و هب آغاز کالم و هب رپواز كبىرت از ذهه واژي ای رد قفس است .حرف اهيم ، مثل يك تكً چمه روشه بىد .
مه هب آانن گفتم :
آفتابی لب ردگاي شماست هك اگر رد بگطاديي هب رفتار شما می اتبد .
و هب آانن گفتم :
سنگ آرايص كىهستان نيست همچىانی هك فلز ، زيىری نيست هب اندام کلنگ . رد كف دست زميه گىره انپيدايی است هك رسىالن همً از اتبص آن خيري
شدند .پی گىره باشيد .لحظً اه را هب چراگاي رسالت ببريد .و مه آانن را ، هب صدای قدم پيك بطارت دادم و هب زنديكي روز ، و هب افزايص روگ. هب طنيه گل
سرخ ، پشت رپچيه سخه اهی ردشت .
و هب آانن گفتم :
ره هك رد حافظً چىب دنيبب باغی صىرتص رد وزش بيشً شىر ابدی خىاهد ماند .رههك با مرغ هىا دوست شىد خىابص آرام رتیه خىاب جهان خىاهد بىد .آوكً نىر از سر
اوگشت زمان ربچيىد می گطايد گري پنجري اه را با آ ي .
زري بيدی بىديم .ربگی از ضاهخ باالی سرم چيدم ، گفتم : چشم را باز كنيد ، آيتی بهتر از ایه می خىاهيد؟
می دينشيم هك بهم می دنتفگ :سحر ميداند،سحر !سر ره كىي رسىلی ديدند ارب انكار هب دوش آوردند .باد را انزل كرديم ات کالي از سرضان ربدارد .خاهن اهضان رپ
داوودی بىد، چشمطان را بستیم . دستطان را رنسانديم هب سر ضاهخ هى ش .جيبطان را رپ عادت كرديم .خىابطان را هب صدای سفر آينً اه آشفتیم .)سهراب سپهری(
تقديم هب خانىادي زعزیم
ص
تشکر و قدردانی
از راهنمايیاه و زحمات استاد محترم و گرانقدرم دکتر کطاورزی هك از ابتدای راي و رد طی انجام ایه پايان انهم ، با صبىری و مهربانی خىد مرا
ياری نمىدند ، از صمیم قلب سپاسگزارم.
همچ وبا تشکر از استاد مطاور زبرگىارم دکتر کيارستمی هك مرا رد انجام ایه ژپوهص ياری دادند، نيه استاد مطاورمهربانم، دکتر مسافری هك همىاري مرا با
صطف خىيص راهنمايی كردند.
از دوستانم حىراسادات حسينی، فرزاهن ارباهیمی ،نیىضا افطمی ،مژدي خىاهج،طلىع عظیمائی، رنمي ه بنی اهشمی، راضیً ستىدي منص، سعيدي غنمی،
سميرا حسنی و شيریه زارعی هك صمیماهن مرا ياری كردند، نهايت تشکر و قدردانی را دارم.
ع
چکیذُ
٢ػغ.٦ٞ٧Polygonum s.l ػبصیث٤د٣٥حذ٣دا٦١٤ٕ170ًدس٨ػبٟداسد٦ّس٤صیـ٨ػب٣ٟع٢یداسد.امٚت ٧٦١٤ٕبیای٢ػ٠غداسایاٞ٧یزداس٣ییث٤د٦ّ٥دسدسٝبٟثیٞبسی٧بیاٙش٨بثیّٚی٣٦دػشٖب٤ٕ٥اسؽّبسثشد داس١ذ. ای٠ ٢ػغ دس ایشاٟ داسای 8 ٦١٤ٕ یؼْب٦ٙ .P. ،P. arenastrum Boreau، P. aviculare L P. olivascens ،P. argyrocoleon Steud. Ex Kunze،P. patulum M.Bieb،molliaeforme Bioss P. rottboellioides Jaub. & Spach ، P. polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach ،Rech. F . & Schiman-czeik دسای٠دظؾ٧٣ ٣27احذٞػقیشیاص٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙفٚو٧يزث٢ذاصؾ١شسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثش٣ٓ ٕٚذؿ٣ؽ٤یٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیP. rottboelloides, P. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ3٣ و P. polycnemoides اصؾ١ش ػبخشبسسـشیحیػب٣٦ٍسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیى٢ذ٤ٝ٦ٍسدثشسػیٍشاسٕشىز.١شبیغحبك٘اصثشؽفشضیػب٦ٍ، سیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثشٓ،ٕٚذؿ٣ؽ٤یٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیثباػشيبد٥اص١شٛاىضاسPalaeontological (PAST Statistics(٤ٝSPSS٣سدثشسػیآٝبسیاٙ٣ی٦كيبرّٞی٣ّیيیٍشاسٕشىش٢ذػ٣ذغآ١بٙیض٧بیآٝبسیچ٢ذ ٝشنیشٝ٥ـشٞ٘ثشسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝب،سؼضی٦خ٦ؿ٤ایث٦سWards minimum variance(WARDؽ٣(٣ سؼضی٦ثٙ٤ٝ٦ي٧٦بیاكٚیك٤سرٕشىز.ثباػشيبد٥اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبٝـخقؿذ٦ّكيبرػْ٘ؿغح َٝغـػب٣٦ٍسقذادس٤د٧٥بیىیجشكيبراىششاٍیٝح٤ؼةٝی١٤ؿذ.ثشسػیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثش٣ٓ ٕٚذؽ٤ثشایاٙ٣ی٠ثبسثػ٣٦یٝ٦ٚیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣یك٤سرٕشىز١٣ـبٟدادؿ٥ذ٦ّفبٚٝی٤ٝطشیدس ػذایی٧٦١٤ٕبٝح٤ؼةٝی١٤ؿذ.سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی٣ىال٤١٣ئیذیثبسؽ٣ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بص٣ُثبّبساییثبال ٤ٝسدثشسػیٍشاسٕشىز.فٞذ٥سشی٠سشّیجبر4-٧یذسؼّ٣یػی٢بٝیِاػیذ،4-٧یذسؼّ٣یث٢ض٣ئیِاػیذ٣ ٝ٤ّبسیِاػیذٝ٣یشیؼیشی٣٠س٣سی٠ث٤د١ذ٦ّسَشیجبدسسٞب٧٦١٤ٕٛبٝـب٧ذؿ٥ذ١ذ.سيْی٧٦١٤ِٕبثبس٦ػ٤ث٦ ؿ٤١ىال٤١٣ئیذ٣سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی٤ػ٤ٝددسآ٨١بثخ٤ثیك٤سرٕشىز.ث٦ع٤سّٚیای٠دظ١ؾ٧٣ـبٟداد٦ّ ٝغبٙقبر سیضسیخز ٢ؿبػی دس ای٠ ٢ػغ سؿ٣ی ٢ٝبػت ثشای ػذایی ٧٦١٤ٕبػز، اص عشىی س٧ؽ٣بی ؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّی ث٦ خل٤ف ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىی الی٦ ١بصُ ٍذسر ػذا٢٢ّذٕی ٧٦١٤ٕب سا داسد ٦ّ اٙجش٦ ١یبص٢ٝذ ٢ؿبػبییدٍیٌسشّیجبرثشایسْٞیؿ٘ذٟدظؾ٧٣اػز.
ّٚیذ٣اطٕب٢ػ:ٟغفٚو٧يزث٢ذ،ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بصُ، ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیثبّبساییثبال، سیضسیخز٢ؿبػی ػغحثشٕٚ٣ٓذؽ٤
ح
ى٨شػزٝغبٙت
فصل اٍل هقذهِ
ٝ1-1قشىیخب٤١ادPolygonaceae٥...... 2
ػ2-1بیٖب٥سیشPolygonaceae٥دسا٤١اػؿیؼش٧ٜبیسد٥ث٢ذی...... 3
ػ3-1بخشٞبٟسـشیحیدسخب٤١ادPolygonaceae٥...... 6
1-4ّبسثشدافضبیسیشPolygonaceae٥...... 6
ٝ5-1قشىی٢ػغ.Polygonum s.l...... 8
1-6سبسیخچ٦ ٣ ٤ٍٝقیز سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیْی ٢ػغ Polygonumدس سد٥ ث٢ذی...... 9
1-6-1سبسیخچ٦سد٥ث٢ذیاصدیذٝحََی٠...... 9
1-6-2ثشسػیسد٥ث٢ذی٢ػغPolygonumدسّشبة٧بیى٤ٚس...... 11
1-7سشّیجبر٣خ٤افداس٣یی٢ػغPolygonum...... 12
1-7-1ى٧٘٢ب...... 13
1-7-2ىال٤١٣ئیذ٧ب...... 14
ٝ8-1ش٣سیثشدظ٧ؾ٧٣بیاؼ١بؿٛذ٥...... 16
1-8-1دظ٧ؾ٧٣بیؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیْیدس٢ػغPolygonum...... 16
1-8-2ثشسػیكيبرٛ٤ٝادی٤ّسی٤ْالس٢ػغPolygonum...... 18
1-8-3ثشسػیػبخشبسسـشیحیدس٢ػغ Polygonum...... 19
ٝ4-8-1غبٙقبرػیش٤ٙ٤طیدس٢ػغPolygonum...... 20
1-8-5ثشسػید٣س٦ٕٕیشیدس٢ػغPolygonum...... 21
1-9س٨ؿ٣بیآٝبسی...... 21
أ
1-9-1سؼضی٦ثٙ٤ٝ٦ي٦اكٚی)Principle Component Analysis( )PCA(...... 12
1-9-2سؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝب)Factor Analysis(...... 22
1-10 اّذاف پصٍّص...... 23
فصل دٍم...... 24
ٝ1-2غبٙقبرسبٝ٤١٤ؼّیْی...... 25
2-1-٧٦١٤ٕ1بٞػ٣قیز٧بی٤ٝسدثشسػی...... 25
ٝ2-2غبٙقبرسـشیحی...... 27
ٝ3-2غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیى٢ذ٦ٍ،ٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٕٚ٣ٓذؽ٤...... 28
ٝ1-3-2غبٙقبرسیخز٢ؿبػی٣سیضسیخز٢ؿبػیى٢ذ٦ٍ...... 28
ٝ2-3-2غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحى٤ٍب١ی٣سحشب١یٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ...... 29
ٝ3-3-2غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحداخٚی٣خبسػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذؽ٤...... 29
ٝ4-2غبٙقبرؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّی...... 30
2-4-1ثشسػیىال٤١٣ئیذ٧ب...... 30
2-4-1-1آٝبدػ٥بصی٦١٤ٞ١...... 30
2-4-1-2ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بصُ)TLC(...... 31
2-4-1-2-1ىبصٝشحشُ...... 31
2-4-1-2-2ىبصػب٠ّ...... 32
2-4-1-2-3آؿْبسػبصی٧٦ْٙب...... 32
2-5-1-3ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیٝبیـثبّبساییثبال)HPLC(...... 34
ٝ1-3-1-4-2ـخلبردػشٖب٥...... 34
2-4-1-4-2آٝبدػ٥بصی٦١٤ٞ١...... 34
ة
2-4-1-3-3اػشب١ذاسد٧ب٣حال٧ٗبیHPLC...... 35
ٝ2-4-2غبٙق٦سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی...... 35
2-4-2-1ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیٝبیـثبّبساییثبال)HPLC (...... 35
2-4-2-1-1آٝبدػ٥بصی٦١٤ٞ١...... 35
2-4-2-1-2اػشب١ذاسد٧ب٣حال٧ٗبیHPLC...... 35
ٝ3-1-2-4-2ـخلبردػشٖب٥...... 36
ٝ5-2غبٙقبرآٝبسی...... 36
فصل سَم...... 37
3-١1شبیغٝغبٙقبرسـشیح...... 38
3-١2شبیغٝغبٙق٦سیخز٢ؿبػی٣سیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحى٢ذ٦ٍ...... 42
3-١3شبیغٝغبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ...... 44
3-١4شبیغسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذؽ٤...... 55
3-١5شبیغؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّی...... 67
3-5-١1شبیغّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بصُ)TLC(...... 67
3-5-١2شبیغٝغبٙقبرّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیٝبیـثبّبساییثبال)HPLC(...... 70
HPLC1-2-5-3 سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی...... 70
HPLC1-2-5-3 سشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذی...... 72
فصل چْارم...... 75
ٝ1-4غبٙقبرسـشیحی...... 76
ٝ2-4غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحى٢ذ٦ٍ...... 76
ٝ3-4غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ...... 77
ٝ4-4غبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذؽ٤...... 77
ٝ5-4غبٙقبرؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّی...... 78
4-١6شی٦ؼٕیشیّٚی...... 79
ع
پیطٌْادات...... 82
پیَست...... 83
ّٚیذ٢ؿبػبیی٧٦١٤ٕبییػِب٢ػ٦ٙغPolygonum . 105
فْرست هٌاتع...... 115
فْرست جذاٍل
ػذٞ١1-1ٗ٣بیػؾبیٖب٥سیشPolygonaceae٥دسػیؼش٧ٜبیٝخشٚوسد٥ث٢ذی...... 5
ػذ1ٗ٣-2:ثشخیاصٕضاسؿبرٞؿبسؽّش٤ٝ٣صٝ٣ی٧٦١٤ٕبیٝغبٙقؿ٦ذ٢ػ٥غفٚو٧يزث٢ذ...... 20
ػذ2ٗ٣-1:ى٨شػزٞػقیز٧بیثشسػیؿذ٥دسای٠دظؾ٧٣...... 25
ػذ2ٗ٣-2:كيبرّٞی٣ّذٕزاسیآ٨١بدسثشؽفشضیػب٦ٍ...... 28
ػذ2ٗ٣-3:كيبرّیيی٣ّذٕزاسیآ٨١بدسثشؽفشضیػب٦ٍ...... 28
ػذ2ٗ٣-5:كيبرّیيی٣ّذٕزاسیآ٨١بدسٝغبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیثشٓ...... 29
ػذ2ٗ٣-6:كيبرّیيی٣ّذٕزاسیآ٨١بدسٝغبٙقبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذؽ٤...... 30
ػذػ:7-2ٗ٣یؼشٜحالٙی٤ٝسداػشيبد٥دسّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بصُ...... 32
ػذ3ٗ٣-١:1شبیغكيبرّٞیسـشیحػب٦ٍ...... 38
ػذ3ٗ٣-١:2شبیغكيبرّیيیسـشیحػب٦ٍ...... 38
ػذ3ٗ٣-١:3شبیغاٙ٣ی٦حبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبثشاػبعكيبرحبك٘اصثشسػیػبخشبسسـشیحیػب٦ٍ...... 40
ػذٝ:4-3ٗ٣َبدیشفبٝ٘ا٣ٗ٣دٛ٣حبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبثشاػبعكيبرحبك٘اصثشسػیػبخشبسسـشیحیػب٦ٍ...... 41
ػذ3ٗ٣-5:كيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیثش٢ػٓغPolygonum...... 44
ػذ3ٗ٣-١:6شبیغحبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝب٣دسكذ٣اسیب١غآ٨١بثشاػبعكيبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثشٓ...... 53
ػذٝ:7-3ٗ٣َبدیشد٣ىبّش٤سا٣ٗحبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبثشاػبعكيبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیثشٓ...... 53
ػذ3ٗ٣-8:كيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذ٢ػؽ٤غPolygonum ...... 55
ػذ3ٗ٣-١:9شبیغحبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝب٣دسكذ٣اسیب١غآ٨١بثشاػبعكيبرّیيیٕٚذؽ٤...... 65
ػذٝ:10-3ٗ٣َبدیش٦ػىبّش٤سا٣ٗحبك٘اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبثشاػبعكيبرسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٕٚذؽ٤...... 71
د
ػذ٧٦ْٙRF:11-3ٗ٣بیحبك٘اصTLC...... 69
ػذ٧٦ْٙRF:12-3ٗ٣بیحبك٘اصTLCثل٤سرّذٕزاسی...... 69
ػذ3ٗ٣-13:اػشب١ذاسد٧بی٤ٝسداػشيبد٥دسٝغبٙق٦سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢یثبسHPLCؽ٣...... 71
ػذٝ:14-3ٗ٣َبی٦ؼسشّیجبرىٙ٤٢یدس٧٦١٤ٕبیPolygonum...... 12
ػذ3ٗ٣-15:اػشب١ذاسد٧بی٤ٝسداػشيبد٥دسٝغبٙق٦سشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذیثبسHPLCؽ٣...... 73
ػذٝ:16-3ٗ٣َبی٦ؼسشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذیدس٢ػ٦١٤ٕ7غPolygonum...... 17
فْرست تصاٍیر
1ْ٘ؿ-١:1َـ٦دشا٢ّذٕیسیش٥فٚو٧يزث٢ذدس٨ػبٟ...... 3
1ْ٘ؿ-١:2َـ٦دشا٢ّذٕی٢ػغفٚو٧يزث٢ذدس٨ػبٟ...... 9
1ْ٘ؿ-3:خالك٦ایاصؼٝیشثی٢ػ٤شضیػبخشٞبٟاْٚػزىال٤١٣ئیذ٧ب...... 15
2ْ٘ؿ-1:سل٤یشیاصٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی...... 30
2ْ٘ؿ-2:ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیالی١٦بصُ...... 33
2ْ٘ؿ-3:سل٤یشدػشٖبHPLC٥...... 34
3ْ٘ؿ-1:ثشؽفشضیػبP. rottboellioides٦١٤ٕ٦ٍ...... 39
3ْ٘ؿ-2:ثشؽفشضیػبP. polycnemoides٦١٤ٕ٦ٍ...... 39
3ْ٘ؿ-3:ثشؽفشضیػبP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٦ٍ...... 40
4-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسسػش٦ث٢ذی٧٦١٤ٕبثشاػبعكيبرّٞی٣ّیيیسـشیحػب٦ٍ...... 41
5-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعكيبرّٞی٣ّیيیسـشیحػب٦ٍ...... 42
3ْ٘ؿ-6:سل٤یشػغحى٢ذ٦ٍ...... 43
3ْ٘ؿ-7:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصػغحى٢ذ٦ٍ...... 43
3ْ٘ؿ-8.سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum patulum...... 45
3ْ٘ؿ-9:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum argyrocoloen...... 46
3ْ٘ؿ-10:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشPolygonum aviculareٓ...... 47
3ْ٘ؿ-11:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum rottboellioides...... 48
٥
3ْ٘ؿ-12:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum molliaeforme...... 49
3ْ٘ؿ-13:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum arenastrum...... 50
3ْ٘ؿ-14:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum polycnemoides...... 51
3ْ٘ؿ-15:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ Polygonum olivascens...... 52
16-3ْ٘ؿ.:٤ٞ١داسسػش٦ث٢ذی٧٦١٤ٕبثشاػبعكيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ...... 53
17-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعكيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسثشٓ...... 54
3ْ٘ؿ-18:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum patulum ؽ٤...... 57
3ْ٘ؿ-19:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum argyrocoloen ؽ٤...... 58
3ْ٘ؿ-20:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum aviculare ؽ٤...... 59
3ْ٘ؿ-21:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum rottboellioides ؽ٤...... 60
3ْ٘ؿ-22:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum molliaeforme ؽ٤...... 61
3ْ٘ؿ-23:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum arenastrum ؽ٤...... 62
3ْ٘ؿ-24:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum polycnemoides ؽ٤...... 63
3ْ٘ؿ-25:سل٤یشٝیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣ی١ٖبس٥اصٛ٤ٝادی٤ْسی٤ْالسٕٚذPolygonum olivascens ؽ٤...... 64
26-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسسػش٦ث٢ذی٧٦١٤ٕبثشاػبعكيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٕٚذؽ٤...... 66
27-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعكيبرّیيیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیٕٚذؽ٤...... 67
3ْ٘ؿ-28:سل٤یشٞؿبسیِاص٧٦ْٙبیىال٤١٣ئیذ٤ٝ٦١٤ٕ7سدٝغبٙق٦دسع٤ٝٗ٤ع١365بٝ٤١شش...... 68
29-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعداد٧٥بیTLCسشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذی...... 70
30-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعداد٧٥بیHPLCسشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی...... 72
31-3ْ٘ؿ:٤ٞ١داسWARDثشاػبعداد٧٥بیHPLCسشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذی...... 74
ؿْ٘اٙو-1ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. arenastrum٦١٤ٕ...... 84
ؿْ٘اٙو-2ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. argyrocoleon٦١٤ٕ...... 84
ؿْ٘اٙو-3ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. olivascens٦١٤ٕ...... 84
ؿْ٘اٙو-4ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ...... 85
ؿْ٘اٙو-5ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢ی٦١٤ٕ.P. polycnemoides...... 85
٣
ؿْ٘اٙو-6ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. rottboellioides٦١٤ٕ...... 86
ؿْ٘اٙو-7ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. patulum٦١٤ٕ...... 86
ؿْ٘اٙو-8ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛسشّیجبرىٚ٢یP. aviculare٦١٤ٕ...... 87
ؿْ٘اٙو-9ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣catechinفلبسP. arenastrum٦١٤ٕ٥...... 87
ؿْ٘اٙو-10ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣rutinفلبسP. arenastrum٦١٤ٕ٥...... 88
ؿْ٘اٙو-11ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣quercetin٣myricitinفلبسP. arenastrum٦١٤ٕ٥...... 88
ؿْ٘اٙو-12ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣kaemferol٣loteolin٣apigeninفلبسP. arenastrum٦١٤ٕ٥...... 89
ؿْ٘اٙو-13ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣catechinفلبسP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥...... 89
ؿْ٘اٙو-14ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣quercetinفلبسP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥...... 90
ؿْ٘اٙو-15ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىَذا٣apigeninٟفلبسP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥...... 90
ؿْ٘اٙو-16ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣myricitinفلبسP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥...... 91
ؿْ٘اٙو-17ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛىال٤١٣ئیذ٣rutinفلبسP. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥...... 91
ؿْ٘اٙو-18ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٦١٤ٕ٥ P. molliaeforme ٣ىال٤١٣ئیذ kaemferol...... 92
ؿْ٘اٙو-19ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذluteolin...... 92
ؿْ٘اٙو٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ20-ىال٤١٣ئیذapigenin...... 93
ؿْ٘اٙو-21ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذmyricitin...... 93
ؿْ٘اٙو-22ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذcatechin...... 94
ؿْ٘اٙو-23ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذquercitin٣kamferol...... 94
ؿْ٘اٙو-24ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذrutin...... 95
ؿْ٘اٙو-25ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. patulum٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذluteolin...... 95
ؿْ٘اٙو-26ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذmyricitin...... 96
ؿْ٘اٙو-27ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذapigenin...... 96
ؿْ٘اٙو-28ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذcatechin...... 97
ؿْ٘اٙو-29ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذquercetin...... 97
ؿْ٘اٙو-30ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذrutin...... 98
ص
ؿْ٘اٙو-31ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذkaemferol...... 98
ؿْ٘اٙو-32ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. olivascens٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذluteolin...... 99
ؿْ٘اٙو-33ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٦١٤ٕ٥ ٣P. aviculareىال٤١٣ئیذmyricitin...... 99
ؿْ٘اٙو-34ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. aviculare٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذcatechin...... 100
ؿْ٘اٙو-35ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. aviculare٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذquercetin،kamferol،luteolin...... 100
ؿْ٘اٙو-36ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٦١٤ٕ٥ P. aviculare ٣ىال٤١٣ئیذrutin...... 101
ؿْ٘اٙو-37ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. aviculare٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذapigenin...... 101
ؿْ٘اٙو-38ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. argyrocoleon٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذrutin٣myricitin...... 102
ؿْ٘اٙو-39ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. argyrocoleon٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذcatechin...... 102
ؿْ٘اٙو-40ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. argyrocoleon٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذapigenin...... 103
ؿْ٘اٙو-41ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبس٣P. argyrocoleon٦١٤ٕ٥ىال٤١٣ئیذ٧بیquercetin٣kaemferol٣luteolin...... 103
ؿْ٘اٙو-42ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبسP. polycnemoides٦١٤ٕ٥...... 104
ؿْ٘اٙو-43ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاٛفلبسP. polycnemoides٦١٤ٕ٥...... 104
ؿْ٘ة-1ىشٛس٣یـی٦١٤ٕ .P. aviculare L...... 701
ؿْ٘ة-2ىشٛس٣یـیP. arenastrum Boreau٦١٤ٕ...... 108
ؿْ٘ة-3ىشٛس٣یـیP. molliaeforme Bioss٦١٤ٕ...... 109
ؿْ٘ة-4ىشٛس٣یـیP. patulum M.Bieb٦١٤ٕ...... 770
ؿْ٘ة-5ىشٛس٣یـیP. argyrocoleon Steud. Ex Kunze٦١٤ٕ...... 111
ؿْ٘ة-6ىشٛس٣یـیP. olivascens Rech. F . & Schiman-czeik٦١٤ٕ...... 112
ؿْ٘ة-7ىشٛس٣یـی٦١٤ٕ P. polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach...... 771
ؿْ٘ة-8ىشٛس٣یـیP. rottboellioides Jaub. & Spach٦١٤ٕ...... 771
ح
فصل اٍل
هقذهِ
1
ؿْ٘ة-7ىشٛس٣یـی٦١٤ٕ P. polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach
113
ؿْ٘ة-8ىشٛس٣یـیP. rottboellioides Jaub. & Spach٦١٤ٕ
114
ى٨شػز٢ٝبثـ
115
احٞذی،ا٨ٙبٛ.)1391(."ثشسػیىقبٙیزآ١شیاؼّیذا١ی٣سشّیجبرىال٤١٣ئیذیدسٕیب٥ّب٣٘ٝسیـ٧٦بی٤ٝیی٠
Scutellaria pinnatifida."دا١ـْذ٥صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
اثشا٧یٞی،ىشصا٦١.)1395(."ثشسػیثیػ٤یؼشٞبسیْی٧٦١٤ٕبیFallopiaاصسیش٥فٚو٧يزث٢ذدسایشاٟ."دا١ـْذ٥
صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
حؼی٢ی،ح٤ساػبدار.)1395(."ثشسػیثیػ٤یؼشٞبسیْیثشخیاص٧٦١٤ٕبییػِبPersicaria٦ٙاصسیش٥فٚو
٧يزث٢ذدسایشاٟ."دا١ـْذ٥صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
صسٕشی,فٚی.)1372(."ٕیب٧بٟداس٣یی."ا١شـبساردا١ـٖب٥س٨شاٟ.4)5(:255-249.
صٝبػ،ٟبفذ.)ٝششٜػ(.)1374(."ٕیب٧بٟداس٣یی."ا١شـبسار٤٢ٍَع.)2(:262
ػقیذی، حؼز ا٦ٙ ٣اخ٤اٟ س٣ىیٖش، آصاد٥ )ٝششػ" .)1382( ،)ٜػیؼشٞبسیِ ٕیب٧ی اص دیذٕب٧ی سجبس٢ؿبخشی."
ا١شـبساردا١ـٖب٥اكي٨بٟ.)1(:372٣111
ؼؿبفی،ٝحذط٦.)ٝ".)1389غبٙقػ٦یش٤ط١شیْی٣دش٣سئی٠رخیش٥ثزسدسسقذادیاص٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙفٚو٧يز
ث٢ذ.Polygonum Lدسایشاٟ."دا١ـْذ٥صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
ؿْشی،ٝحج٤ث٦.)1391(."ثشسػیّٞی٣ّیيیثشخیسشّیجبرىیشؿ٤یٞیبییدسٞػ٦ػقیزثشاصٝج٘ Pervsckia abrotanoides."دا١ـْذ٥صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
مالٝی، اّشٝ ".)1388(.ٛغبٙق٦ ػیؼشٞبسیْی سقذادی اص ٧٦١٤ٕبی یؼْب٦ٙ فٚو ٧يز ث٢ذ .Polygonum L دس
ایشاٟ." دا١ـْذ٥صیؼز،دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
ٍض٣ی٢ی،ىبع٦ٞ.)1367(."ثشسػیاػب١غ٣ىیشؿ٤یٞیٕیب٥ثبدسؼ١ج٤یMelissa officinalis٦.." دا١ـْذ٥داسػ٣بصی،
دا١ـٖب٥س٨شاٟ.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
116
٨ٍشٝب١ی١ظاد،ىشخ.د٤یبٟ،دشیب.حؼی٢ی،احؼبٟ.كبدٍی،١بصیال.ىشیذٟ٣ىش،٤ػٕ٘.عٞ٨بػجی،ا٦٨ٙ.خٚیٚی،ص٧ش٥.
سضبیی،ىشح٢بص٣دظ٧ب٨ٟٝش،ٝشػذ٥.)ٝششٞػبػ".)1392(.)ٟیؼشٞبسیِٕیب٧ی."ا١شـبسارخب٦١صیؼز٢ؿبػی.
340:)1(1
ّبسجی، طا٦ٙ. )1364(." ثشسػی ىیشؿ٤یٞی ٕیب٥ ػشخ٦ ٙ٣یِ Crataegus oxyacantha."دا١ـْذ٥ داسػ٣بصی،
دا١ـٖب٥س٨شاٟ.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
ّبىی، ٝحٞذ. ص١ذ، افٜؾ. ّبْٝبس، ث٢٨بٛ ٣ ؿشیيی، حؼی٠ . )ٝششٞػبٟ( )1384(." ىیضی٤ٙ٤طی ٣ ٤ٞ١ ٕیب٧ی."
ا١شـبسار٨ػبددا١ـٖب٧یٝـ٨ذ.2)4(:68
ؼٝبىشی،ٞػب٦١.)1389(."ثشسػیػیؼشٞبسیْیسقذادیاص٧٦١٤ٕبیٝ٣Persicaricaeَبی٦ؼآٟثبافضبیٍجی٦ٚ
Polygoneaeدسایشاٟ."دا١ـْذ٥فٛ٤ٚ.دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع(.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
ؼٝبىشی، ٞػب٦١. )1394(. "ثشسػی ثیػ٤یؼشٞبسیْی٣سؿ٤٢ط١شیْیدسٞػقیز٧بی ٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙد٣ ٢ػغ
Polygonum٣Persicariaدسایشاٟ."دا١ـْذ٥فٛ٤ٚصیؼشی،دا١ـٖب٨ؿ٥یذث٨ـشی.سػبٝ٦َٙغـدّششی.
ؾٝيشیبٟ،ٙ٣یاهلل.)1390(."سد٥ث٢ذیٕیب٧ب٦ؼػ٤ٝ".ٟا١شـبساراٝیشّجیش.2)5(:106
َٝذٝ،ٛحٞذ.،ٝحٞذی،ػیذاث٤اَٙبٜػ،٣آٍبییػشثض٥،ٝلغيی.1373."آ٢ؿبییثبس٧ؽ٣بیآٝبسیچ٢ذٝشنیش."
ا١شـبساردیـشبصفٞ٘،سجشیض.
ٝیشػب١ی،ػیذٝ٥جی٢ب.)1393(."ثشسػیاطشضذدیبثز٣آ١شیاؼّیذاٟٕیبPolygonum hyrcanicum Rech.f٥."
دا١ـْذ٥داسػ٣بصی،دا١ـٖب٥س٨شاٟ.دبیب١ٟب٦ّٝبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ.
١بٜؽثْبئی،ص٧شا.ّـب٣سصی،ٝشی٣ٜمالٝی،اّشٛ.)1394(."ثشسػیػبخشبسسـشیحیػب٦ٍدسسقذادیاص٧٦١٤ٕبی
یؼْب٦ٙ.Polygonum L اص خب٤١اد٥ فٚو ٧يز ث٢ذدس ایشا٦ٚؼٝ" .ٟ دظ٧ؾ٧٣بیٕیب٧ی )٦ٚؼٝصیؼز ٢ؿبػی
ایشاٟ(.28)3(:653-647
117
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پایگاُّای اطالعاتی هٌاسة:
The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Publishrd on the Internet;
http://www.theplantlist.org/
The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet;
http://www.ipni.org
http://www.discoverlife.org
http://mobot.org
Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Jul 2017 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26000064
http://tropicos.org/project/IPCN
http://deta-intkey.com/angio
(Angiosperm)
http://www.efloras.org
Abstract:
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Polygonum s.l. is a cosmopolitan genus with about 170 species worldwide. Most of species are of medicinal importance which are efficient in kidney and digestive system disease. This genus has 8 annual species in Iran: P. aviculare L. ,P. arenastrum Boreau ,P. molliaeforme Bioss ,P. patulum M.Bieb ,P.argyrocoleon Steud. Ex Kunze ,P. olivascens Rech. F . & Schiman-czeik ,P. polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach ,P.rottboellioides Jaub. & Spach. In present study 27 accessions of all annual species were studied for their leaf and tepal micro-morphology, chemosystemtic, achene micro- morphology and stem anatomy (only for P. rottboellioides, P. molliaeforme & P. polycnemoides). Results of stem anatomy, leaf and tepal micro-morphology and chemosystematic studies were analyzed by use of PAST and SPSS software. Statistical analyses of qualitative and quantitative features were done by use of multivariate statistical analyses as Factor analysis, cluster analysis by WARD method and principal component analysis. Factor analysis revealed that general shape of stem cross section, fiber mass number in stem are of diagnostic importance. Micro- morphological study of leaf and tepal surface were done for the first time by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and showed the diagnostic importance of these features in species separation. Phenolics and Flavenoid components were studied by use of Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The main component was 4- Hydroxycinnamic acid , 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Coumaric acid, Myricetin and Rutin which were present in all studied species. Species separation were efficiently done by use of phenolics and Flavonoid components. As a general conclusion the present study showed the importance of micro- morphological studies in species separation in this genus. Chemosystematic methods especially TLC is capable of species separation. Further studies are required to better detection of extracted components.
Key words: Polygonum s.l. , TLC, HPLC, leaf and tepal micro-morphology
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Alzahra University
Faculty of biological Sciences
Department of Biology
M.Sc.Thesis
Title of the Thesis Biosystematic study of some annual Polygonum s.str. (Polygonaceae) species in Iran
Thesis Advisor
Dr.Maryam Keshavarzi
Thesis Readers:
Dr. ِKhadije Kiarostami
Dr. Samaneh Mosaferi
By
Mina Pazoki
Sep.2017
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