ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﮑﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ Str. S. Polygonum اﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ

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ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﮑﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ Str. S. Polygonum اﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﮑﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ str. s. Polygonum اﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩاﻧﺸﺠﻮ: ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﭘﺎﺯﻭﮐﻰ اﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭاﻫﻨﻤﺎ: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ اﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ: ﺧﺪﻳﺠﻪ ﮐﻴﺎﺭﺳﺘﻤﻰ ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ: ﺟﻨﺲ l. s. Polygonum ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩا ۱۷۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩاﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﻨﻰ ﺩاﺭﺩ. اﻏﻠﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩاﺭاﻯ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩاﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻰ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮاﺭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩاﺭﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﺭ اﻳﺮاﻥ ﺩاﺭاﻯ ۸ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ .argyrocoleon P. Bieb، M. patulum P. Bioss، molliaeforme P. Boreau، arenastrum P. L.، aviculare P Jaub. rottboellioides P. Spach، & Jaub. polycnemoides P. Schiman-czeik، & F. Rech. olivascens P. Kunze، Ex Steud. & Spach ﺩﺭ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ۲۷ ﻭاﺣﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻰ اﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ اﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ ﻭ ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ۳ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .molliaeforme P. rottboelloides, P ﻭ .polycnemoides P اﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻰ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻓﻨﺪﻗﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﺯ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻋﺮﺿﻰ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ، ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ اﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ اﻓﺰاﺭ Statistics) (Palaeontological PAST ﻭ SPSS ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ اﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﮐﻤﻰ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ variance) minimum (Wards WARD ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ اﺻﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ اﺯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪاﺩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ اﻓﺘﺮاﻗﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﮒ ﻭ ﮔﻠﭙﻮﺵ ﺑﺮاﻯ اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﺮﻭﺳﮑﻮﭖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩاﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪاﻳﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻰ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭاﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮاﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ۴-ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ، ۴-ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﻰ ﺑﻨﺰﻭﺋﻴﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻮﻣﺎﺭﻳﮏ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻔﮑﻴﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻰ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩاﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﺭﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺩﺭ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاﻯ ﺟﺪاﻳﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ، اﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻰ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭا ﺩاﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮاﻯ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺩاﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ: ۱۳۹۶ ﺩاﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ اﻟﺰﻫﺮا بسم اهلل الرحمه الرحیم أ ‌ دا١ـٖب٥اٙض٧شا)ع( دا١ـْذ٥فٛ٤ٚصیؼشی ‌ دبیب١ٟب٦ٝ ٨ػزاخزدس٦ػّبس٢ؿبػیاسؿذ سؿش٦صیؼز٢ؿبػیٕیب٧ی-ٕشایػؾیؼشٞبسی٣ِث٢ؿٛ٤بػیٕیب٧ی ف٤٢اٟ ثشسػیثیػ٤یؼشٞبسیْی ثشخی٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙ.Polygonum s.strاصسیش٥فٚو٧يزث٢ذدسایشاٟ ‌ اػشبدساٞ٢٧ب دّششٝشیّٜـب٣سصی ‌ اػشبداٟٝـب٣س دّششخذی٦ؼّیبسػشٞی دّششٞػبؼٝ٦١بىشی ‌ دا١ـ٤ؼ ٝی٢بدبص٣ّی ٨ؿشی٤س1396 ة مت "کلیً دستاورداهی ایه ژپوهص علق هب دااگشني الزرها)س( میباشد" ر هب تماضا سىگىد و هب آغاز کﻻم و هب رپواز كبىرت از ذهه واژي ای رد قفس است .حرف اهيم ، مثل يك تكً چمه روشه بىد . مه هب آانن گفتم : آفتابی لب ردگاي شماست هك اگر رد بگطاديي هب رفتار شما می اتبد . و هب آانن گفتم : سنگ آرايص كىهستان نيست همچىانی هك فلز ، زيىری نيست هب اندام کلنگ . رد كف دست زميه گىره انپيدايی است هك رسىﻻن همً از اتبص آن خيري شدند .پی گىره باشيد .لحظً اه را هب چراگاي رسالت ببريد .و مه آانن را ، هب صدای قدم پيك بطارت دادم و هب زنديكي روز ، و هب افزايص روگ. هب طنيه گل سرخ ، پشت رپچيه سخه اهی ردشت . و هب آانن گفتم : ره هك رد حافظً چىب دنيبب باغی صىرتص رد وزش بيشً شىر ابدی خىاهد ماند .رههك با مرغ هىا دوست شىد خىابص آرام رتیه خىاب جهان خىاهد بىد .آوكً نىر از سر اوگشت زمان ربچيىد می گطايد گري پنجري اه را با آ ي . زري بيدی بىديم .ربگی از ضاهخ باﻻی سرم چيدم ، گفتم : چشم را باز كنيد ، آيتی بهتر از ایه می خىاهيد؟ می دينشيم هك بهم می دنتفگ :سحر ميداند،سحر !سر ره كىي رسىلی ديدند ارب انكار هب دوش آوردند .باد را انزل كرديم ات کﻻي از سرضان ربدارد .خاهن اهضان رپ داوودی بىد، چشمطان را بستیم . دستطان را رنسانديم هب سر ضاهخ هى ش .جيبطان را رپ عادت كرديم .خىابطان را هب صدای سفر آينً اه آشفتیم .)سهراب سپهری( تقديم هب خانىادي زعزیم ص تشکر و قدردانی از راهنمايیاه و زحمات استاد محترم و گرانقدرم دکتر کطاورزی هك از ابتدای راي و رد طی انجام ایه پايان انهم ، با صبىری و مهربانی خىد مرا ياری نمىدند ، از صمیم قلب سپاسگزارم. همچ وبا تشکر از استاد مطاور زبرگىارم دکتر کيارستمی هك مرا رد انجام ایه ژپوهص ياری دادند، نيه استاد مطاورمهربانم، دکتر مسافری هك همىاري مرا با صطف خىيص راهنمايی كردند. از دوستانم حىراسادات حسينی، فرزاهن ارباهیمی ،نیىضا افطمی ،مژدي خىاهج،طلىع عظیمائی، رنمي ه بنی اهشمی، راضیً ستىدي منص، سعيدي غنمی، سم حس صم ت يرا نی و شيریه زارعی هك یماهن مرا ياری كردند، نهايت شکر و قدردانی را دارم. ع چکیذُ ٢ػغ.٦ٞ٧Polygonum s.l ػبصیث٤د٣٥حذ٣دا٦١٤ٕ170ًدس٨ػبٟداسد٦ّس٤صیـ٨ػب٣ٟع٢یداسد.امٚت ٧٦١٤ٕبیای٢ػ٠غداسایاٞ٧یزداس٣ییث٤د٦ّ٥دسدسٝبٟثیٞبسی٧بیاٙش٨بثیّٚی٣٦دػشٖب٤ٕ٥اسؽّبسثشد داس١ذ. ای٠ ٢ػغ دس ایشاٟ داسای 8 ٦١٤ٕ یؼْب٦ٙ .P. ،P. arenastrum Boreau، P. aviculare L P. olivascens ،P. argyrocoleon Steud. Ex Kunze،P. patulum M.Bieb،molliaeforme Bioss P. rottboellioides Jaub. & Spach ، P. polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach ،Rech. F . & Schiman-czeik دسای٠دظؾ٧٣ ٣27احذٞػقیشیاص٧٦١٤ٕبییؼْب٦ٙفٚو٧يزث٢ذاصؾ١شسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثش٣ٓ ٕٚذؿ٣ؽ٤یٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیP. rottboelloides, P. molliaeforme٦١٤ٕ3٣ و P. polycnemoides اصؾ١ش ػبخشبسسـشیحیػب٣٦ٍسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیى٢ذ٤ٝ٦ٍسدثشسػیٍشاسٕشىز.١شبیغحبك٘اصثشؽفشضیػب٦ٍ، سیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثشٓ،ٕٚذؿ٣ؽ٤یٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیثباػشيبد٥اص١شٛاىضاسPalaeontological (PAST Statistics(٤ٝSPSS٣سدثشسػیآٝبسیاٙ٣ی٦كيبرّٞی٣ّیيیٍشاسٕشىش٢ذػ٣ذغآ١بٙیض٧بیآٝبسیچ٢ذ ٝشنیشٝ٥ـشٞ٘ثشسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝب،سؼضی٦خ٦ؿ٤ایث٦سWards minimum variance(WARDؽ٣(٣ سؼضی٦ثٙ٤ٝ٦ي٧٦بیاكٚیك٤سرٕشىز.ثباػشيبد٥اصسؼضی٦ث٦فب٧٘ٝبٝـخقؿذ٦ّكيبرػْ٘ؿغح َٝغـػب٣٦ٍسقذادس٤د٧٥بیىیجشكيبراىششاٍیٝح٤ؼةٝی١٤ؿذ.ثشسػیسیضسیخز٢ؿبػیػغحثش٣ٓ ٕٚذؽ٤ثشایاٙ٣ی٠ثبسثػ٣٦یٝ٦ٚیْش٤ْػ٣حاْٙشش١٣یك٤سرٕشىز١٣ـبٟدادؿ٥ذ٦ّفبٚٝی٤ٝطشیدس ػذایی٧٦١٤ٕبٝح٤ؼةٝی١٤ؿذ.سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی٣ىﻻ٤١٣ئیذیثبسؽ٣ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیﻻی١٦بص٣ُثبّبساییثبﻻ ٤ٝسدثشسػیٍشاسٕشىز.فٞذ٥سشی٠سشّیجبر4-٧یذسؼّ٣یػی٢بٝیِاػیذ،4-٧یذسؼّ٣یث٢ض٣ئیِاػیذ٣ ٝ٤ّبسیِاػیذٝ٣یشیؼیشی٣٠س٣سی٠ث٤د١ذ٦ّسَشیجبدسسٞب٧٦١٤ٕٛبٝـب٧ذؿ٥ذ١ذ.سيْی٧٦١٤ِٕبثبس٦ػ٤ث٦ ؿ٤١ىﻻ٤١٣ئیذ٣سشّیجبرىٙ٤٢ی٤ػ٤ٝددسآ٨١بثخ٤ثیك٤سرٕشىز.ث٦ع٤سّٚیای٠دظ١ؾ٧٣ـبٟداد٦ّ ٝغبٙقبر سیضسیخز ٢ؿبػی دس ای٠ ٢ػغ سؿ٣ی ٢ٝبػت ثشای ػذایی ٧٦١٤ٕبػز، اص عشىی س٧ؽ٣بی ؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّی ث٦ خل٤ف ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىی ﻻی٦ ١بصُ ٍذسر ػذا٢٢ّذٕی ٧٦١٤ٕب سا داسد ٦ّ اٙجش٦ ١یبص٢ٝذ ٢ؿبػبییدٍیٌسشّیجبرثشایسْٞیؿ٘ذٟدظؾ٧٣اػز. ّٚیذ٣اطٕب٢ػ:ٟغفٚو٧يزث٢ذ،ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیﻻی١٦بصُ، ّشٝ٣بس٤ٕشاىیثبّبساییثبﻻ، سیضسیخز٢ؿبػی ػغحثشٕٚ٣ٓذؽ٤ ح ‌ ى٨شػزٝغبٙت فصل اٍل هقذهِ ٝ1-1قشىیخب٤١ادPolygonaceae٥..............................................................................................................................................................................................2 ػ2-1بیٖب٥سیشPolygonaceae٥دسا٤١اػؿیؼش٧ٜبیسد٥ث٢ذی...........................................................................................................................................3 ػ3-1بخشٞبٟسـشیحیدسخب٤١ادPolygonaceae٥..................................................................................................................................................................6 1-4ّبسثشدافضبیسیشPolygonaceae٥......................................................................................................................................................................................6 ٝ5-1قشىی٢ػغ.Polygonum s.l.............................................................................................................................................................................................8 1-6سبسیخچ٦ ٣ ٤ٍٝقیز سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیْی ٢ػغ Polygonumدس سد٥ ث٢ذی............................................................................................................................9 1-6-1سبسیخچ٦سد٥ث٢ذیاصدیذٝحََی٠..........................................................................................................................................................................9 1-6-2ثشسػیسد٥ث٢ذی٢ػغPolygonumدسّشبة٧بیى٤ٚس...........................................................................................................................11 1-7سشّیجبر٣خ٤افداس٣یی٢ػغPolygonum..................................................................................................................................................................12 1-7-1ى٧٘٢ب.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 1-7-2ىﻻ٤١٣ئیذ٧ب...........................................................................................................................................................................................................14 ٝ8-1ش٣سیثشدظ٧ؾ٧٣بیاؼ١بؿٛذ٥..........................................................................................................................................................................................16 1-8-1دظ٧ؾ٧٣بیؿیٞی٤سبٝ٤١٤ؼّیْیدس٢ػغPolygonum.....................................................................................................................16 1-8-2ثشسػیكيبرٛ٤ٝادی٤ّسی٤ْﻻس٢ػغPolygonum.........................................................................................................................18 1-8-3ثشسػیػبخشبسسـشیحیدس٢ػغ Polygonum...................................................................................................................................19 ٝ4-8-1غبٙقبرػیش٤ٙ٤طیدس٢ػغPolygonum............................................................................................................................................20 1-8-5ثشسػید٣س٦ٕٕیشیدس٢ػغPolygonum...........................................................................................................................................21 1-9س٨ؿ٣بیآٝبسی...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 أ 1-9-1سؼضی٦ثٙ٤ٝ٦ي٦اكٚی)Principle Component Analysis( )PCA(.............................................................12
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