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Éducation Et Sociétés Plurilingues, 42 | 2017 [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Février 2018, Consulté Le 23 Septembre 2020 Éducation et sociétés plurilingues 42 | 2017 Varia Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/esp/1023 DOI : 10.4000/esp.1023 ISSN : 2532-0319 Éditeur Centre d'Information sur l'Éducation Bilingue et Plurilingue Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 juin 2017 ISSN : 1127-266X Référence électronique Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 février 2018, consulté le 23 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/esp/1023 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/esp. 1023 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 23 septembre 2020. © CIEBP 1 SOMMAIRE Editorial Priorité au dialogue Andrée Tabouret-Keller Editoriale Priorità al dialogo Andrée Tabouret-Keller Présentation Gabrielle Varro Presentazione Gabrielle Varro Val d'Aoste Giving their voice back to “speech communities”: the APV Gianmario Raimondi Per una scuola che guarda all’Europa e al plurilinguismo Elena Maria Grosso Didactique & enseignement bi/plurilingue Caroline et l’apprentissage de l’allemand L2 dans une école maternelle bilingue Christina Petitdemange et Gérald Schlemminger Informe de los encuentros sobre la didáctica de lenguas en la Universidad de Rouen- Normandie: Buenas expectativas en el interés por el plurilingüismo (2ª parte) Ana-Isabel Ribera Ruiz de Vergara Expériences & Recherches Particularités lexicales du français en Vallée d’Aoste Kamilla Kurbanova Bilingual Classrooms in Malta: Teaching Mathematics Content and Language Marie Thérèse Farrugia L’enseignement bilingue à l’école primaire au Sénégal. Une mise en perspective. Caroline Juillard Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 2 Témoignage Entrée dans la profession de traducteur-interprète Félicien Tcham Ewane In viaggio tra le lingue e le culture Martine Noussan Débat Couples « linguistiquement mixtes » : une nouvelle catégorie ? Gabrielle Varro Compte rendu d'ouvrage Ghislain POTRIQUET, Dominique HUCK et Claude TRUCHOT (sous la dir.) « Droits linguistiques » et « droit à la langue ». Identification d’un objet d’étude et construction d’une approche. Limoges, Lambert-Lucas, 2016, 248 p Asja Prohić Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 3 Editorial Priorité au dialogue Andrée Tabouret-Keller 1 Le journal Le Monde consacre largement son édition du 14 février 2017 à la situation actuelle de l’Europe: par son éditorial «Junker ou l’Europe impossible» (p. 25 et dans la rubrique Informations, p. 4) et par un article de fond «Bruxelles craint un dérapage du déficit dès 2018» (Cahiers éco, pp. 3 et 4). Deux avis sévères et graves: l’Europe qualifiée d’impossible, et un dérapage de son déficit dès 2018. En fait, ce que je cherchais, c’est la mention des situations linguistiques: mention totalement absente et qui le restera. Ce que je trouve et ne cherchais pas, c’est que «les ventes d’armement bondissent sur fond de tensions internationales», le commerce militaire ayant fortement progressé dans le monde, retrouvant les niveaux atteints à la fin de la guerre froide, sans compter le concert quasi quotidien d’une situation globale, mondiale dit-on, où «Brexit» et autres indices de crises abondent. Même «les démocraties sont à l’épreuve de la cyberguerre», et doivent être protégées «des attaques informatiques», entre autre d’ingérences dans les processus électoraux (Le Monde, 21.2.17). 2 Que pèse par rapport à ces incertitudes, à ces menaces, une petite entreprise comme la nôtre? Mauvaise question: ce n’est pas par rapport aux problèmes actuels sans fin d’un équilibre mondial menacé de toute part que doivent se mesurer les entreprises du Centre d’information sur l’éducation bilingue et plurilingue (CIEBP) et de sa petite revue (deux numéros annuels): c’est en affirmant leurs nécessités dans un monde où quelques 5000 à 6000 langues sont en usage et la coexistence de deux ou plusieurs langues sur un même territoire est quasiment universelle. Qu’il s’agisse de bilinguisme individuel, c’est-à-dire de la capacité d’un locuteur d’alterner entre deux ou plusieurs langues selon le contexte sociologique, ou d’un bilinguisme de communauté, soit de la coexistence de différentes langues sur un même territoire, les situations de contacts entre parlers sont innombrables. Notre propos n’est pas d’analyser toutes les possibilités existantes mais d’illustrer par des exemples concrets ce qu’elles contiennent au moins en germe: la possibilité de s’entendre, de dialoguer, fut-ce avec un autre parlant de manière différente. 3 Aussi longtemps que le structuralisme a dominé la linguistique, les questions liées à la traduction étaient premières, avec l’accent porté sur la notion de système et de Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 4 relations avec les autres disciplines des sciences humaines. Liées aux moyens les plus actifs de l’informatique, ces questions ont en l’espace de deux ans (2014-2016) reculé à la faveur de développements divers consacrés aux représentations, à la communication liées à l’ère du WEB, à la communication et aux discours politiques, aux impasses de l’utilitarisme, à la constitution des données, à l’image des langues, aux limites de l’arbitraire, à la phraséologie, à l’idéologie, aux appellatifs – pour reprendre quelques- uns des titres relevés dans les annonces du Réseau Francophone de Sociolinguistique depuis le 1er février dernier (Tabouret-Keller 2015, 2017). D’où le souci de dégager et d’insister sur ce qui distingue et rend possible le contact et la discussion, plus généralement le débat, la concertation, la négociation, les pourparlers, voir le compromis. BIBLIOGRAPHIE TABOURET-KELLER A. 2015. Aperçu des grandes tendances dans les Sciences du langage selon les informations diffusées au cours du premier trimestre 2014 sur le Réseau Francophone de Sociolinguistique et comparaison avec les informations diffusées au cours du 1er trimestre 2012, Langage et société, n° 154 (4): 129-137. TABOURET-KELLER A. 2017 (sous presse), Le réseau francophone de sociolinguistique: que sont nos disciplines devenues?, Langage et société (septembre). INDEX Keywords : Europe, crises, journal, communicate, talk together, mutual understanding Parole chiave : Europa, crisi, rivista, comunicare, dialogare, capirsi AUTEUR ANDRÉE TABOURET-KELLER Université de Strasbourg Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 5 Editoriale Priorità al dialogo Andrée Tabouret-Keller Traduzione : Stefano Corno 1 Il giornale Le Monde dedica una parte rilevante dell’edizione del 14 febbraio 2017 alla situazione attuale dell’Europa: con l’editoriale “Junker ou l’Europe impossible” (“Juncker ovvero l’Europa impossibile” (p. 25 e nella rubrica Informazioni, p. 4) e con l’articolo fondo “Bruxelles craint un dérapage du déficit dès 2018” (“Bruxelles teme uno scostamento del deficit dai limiti previsti già dal 2018”, Cahiers éco, pp. 3 e 4). Due opinioni severe e gravi: l’Europa qualificata come impossibile e uno scostamento del suo deficit dai limiti previsti già dal 2018. In realtà quel che stavo cercando erano notizie sulle situazioni linguistiche: di tutto ciò non ho trovato alcuna menzione, né ne troverò. Quel che trovo, invece, senza che lo stessi cercando, è il fatto che “la vendita di armi sale, sullo sfondo di tensioni internazionali”, dato che il commercio militare ha fatto passi da gigante in tutto il mondo, raggiungendo il livello raggiunto alla fine della guerra fredda, senza contare il concerto quasi quotidiano di una situazione globale in cui abbondano “Brexit” e altri indizi di crisi. Perfino “le democrazie sono alle prese con la cyberguerra” e devono proteggersi “dagli attacchi informatici”, per esempio da ingerenze nei processi elettorali (Le Monde, 21.2.17). 2 Di fronte a teli incertezze e minacce quanto può pesare una piccola struttura come la nostra? La domanda è mal posta: le attività del Centro di informazione sull’educazione bilingue e plurilingue (CIEBP) e la sua piccola rivista (due numeri all’anno) non si devono misurare in relazione agli infiniti problemi odierni di minacce provenienti da ogni orizzonte all’equilibrio mondiale, bensì affermando la necessità di tali attività in un mondo in cui circa 5000-6000 lingue vengono usate ed in cui la coesistenza di due o più lingue sullo stesso territorio è praticamente universale. Sia che si tratti di bilinguismo individuale, ossia della capacità di un locutore di alternare due o più lingue secondo il contesto sociologico, o di un bilinguismo di comunità, ossia della coesistenza di diverse lingue sullo stesso territorio, le situazioni di contatto fra idiomi sono innumerevoli. La nostra intenzione non è quella di analizzare tutte le possibilità esistenti, bensì di illustrare grazie ad esempi concreti ciò che esse contengono, almeno Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, 42 | 2017 6 in nuce: la possibilità di capirsi, di dialogare in modo diverso, foss’anche con una sola persona. 3 Per tutto il tempo in cui lo strutturalismo ha dominato la linguistica, le questioni legate alla traduzione erano di primaria importanza: l’accento era posto sulla nozione di sistema e di rapporto con le altre discipline delle scienze umane. Nell’arco di due anni (2014-2016) tali questioni, legate ai mezzi più attivi dell’informatica, hanno fatto un passo indietro a vantaggio di diversi sviluppi legati alle rappresentazioni e alla comunicazione nell’era di internet, alla comunicazione e ai discorsi politici, al vicolo cieco dell’utilitarismo, alla costituzione di dati, all’immagine delle lingue, ai limiti dell’arbitrario, alla fraseologia, all’ideologia, agli appellativi – per riprendere solo alcuni dei titoli reperiti negli annunci del Réseau Francophone de Sociolinguistique (Rete Francofona di Sociolinguistica) dal 1° febbraio scorso (Tabouret-Keller 2015, 2017). Da qui la preoccupazione di insistere su quanto distingue e rende possibile il contatto e la discussione, più generalmente il dibattito, la concertazione, i negoziati, le trattative, o il compromesso. BIBLIOGRAFIA TABOURET-KELLER A. 2015. Aperçu des grandes tendances dans les Sciences du langage selon les informations diffusées au cours du premier trimestre 2014 sur le Réseau Francophone de Sociolinguistique et comparaison avec les informations diffusées au cours du 1er trimestre 2012, Langage et société, n. 154 (4): 129-137.
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