Ali's Dissertation, 2016
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Forest Cover and Change for the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya Circa 2000 to Circa 2010
Forest cover and change for the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya circa 2000 to circa 2010 Final report Karyn Tabor, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Boniface Mbilinyi, and Timothy M. Wright Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Biodiversity Values of the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests ....................................... 2 1.2 The threats to the forests ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Trends in deforestation ................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 The importance of monitoring ...................................................................................................... 8 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 study area ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Mapping methodology ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Habitat change statistics ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Map validation -
Beatragus Hunteri) in Arawale National Reserve, Northeastern, Kenya
The population size, abundance and distribution of the Critically Endangered Hirola Antelope (Beatragus hunteri) in Arawale National Reserve, Northeastern, Kenya. Francis Kamau Muthoni Terra Nuova, Transboundary Environmental Project, P.O. Box 74916, Nairobi, Kenya Email: [email protected] 1.0. Abstract. This paper outlines the spatial distribution, population size, habitat preferences and factors causing the decline of Hirola antelope in Arawale National Reserve (ANR) in Garissa and Ijara districts, north eastern Kenya. The reserve covers an area of 540Km2. The objectives of the study were to gather baseline information on hirola distribution, population size habitat preferences and human activities impacting on its existence. A sampling method using line transect count was used to collect data used to estimate the distribution of biological populations (Norton-Griffiths, 1978). Community scouts collected data using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and recorded on standard datasheets for 12 months. Transect walks were done from 6.00Am to 10.00Am every 5th day of the month. The data was entered into a geo-database and analysed using Arcmap, Ms Excel and Access. The results indicate that the population of hirola in Arawale National Reserve were 69 individuals comprising only 6% of the total population in the natural geographic range of hirola estimated to be 1,167 individuals. It also revealed that hirola prefer open bushes and grasslands. The decline of the Hirola on its natural range is due to a combination of factors, including, habitat loss and degradation, competition with livestock, poaching and drought. Key words: Hirola Antelope Beatragus hunteri, GIS, Endangered Species 2.0. Introduction. The Hirola antelope (Beatragus hunteri) is a “Critically Endangered” species endemic to a small area in Southeast Kenya and Southwest Somalia. -
Evaluating Support for Rangeland‐Restoration Practices by Rural Somalis
Animal Conservation. Print ISSN 1367-9430 Evaluating support for rangeland-restoration practices by rural Somalis: an unlikely win-win for local livelihoods and hirola antelope? A. H. Ali1,2,3 ,R.Amin4, J. S. Evans1,5, M. Fischer6, A. T. Ford7, A. Kibara3 & J. R. Goheen1 1 Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA 2 National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya 3 Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya 4 Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, London, UK 5 The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USA 6 Center for Conservation in the Horn of Africa, St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, USA 7 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Keywords Abstract Beatragus hunteri; elephant; endangered species; habitat degradation; rangeland; In developing countries, governments often lack the authority and resources to restoration; tree encroachment; antelope. implement conservation outside of protected areas. In such situations, the integra- tion of conservation with local livelihoods is crucial to species recovery and rein- Correspondence troduction efforts. The hirola Beatragus hunteri is the world’s most endangered Abdullahi H. Ali, Department of Zoology and antelope, with a population of <500 individuals that is restricted to <5% of its his- Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, torical geographic range on the Kenya–Somali border. Long-term hirola declines WY, USA. have been attributed to a combination of disease and rangeland degradation. Tree Email: [email protected] encroachment—driven by some combination of extirpation of elephants, overgraz- ing by livestock, and perhaps fire suppression—is at least partly responsible for Editor: Darren Evans habitat loss and the decline of contemporary populations. -
The Hirola Conservation Programme (Hcp) Progress Report, October, 2015
THE HIROLA CONSERVATION PROGRAMME (HCP) PROGRESS REPORT, OCTOBER, 2015 The Hirola Conservation Programme (HCP) is a non-governmental organization based in Garissa County in north-eastern Kenya. The HCP is primarily dedicated to promoting conservation of the endangered hirola antelope (Beatragus hunteri) in the region (Figure 1). Towards this, HCP commits itself to improving hirola’s habitat in partnership with the local pastoralist groups. The main goal of HCP is to establish and sustain a conservation programme that will make a lasting contribution to the future of hirola antelope and also the livelihoods of the local communities living within hirola’s geographical range. One of the key concerns for conservation of hirola antelope is Figure 1: Herd of hirola within Ishaqbini Conservancy. that, their population have declined from approximately 15,000 individuals in 1970 to between 300 and 500 individuals currently. That is why our programme focuses on in situ conservation within the species historic geographical range to ensure that we achieve our objective in partnership with local communities. Specifically, for long-term monitoring of this critically-endangered species, the programme intends to protect and increase the numbers and distribution of hirola through local participatory conservation, education, and international support in north-eastern Kenya. Our core functions include: A) Conservation Our conservation efforts are threefold 1) The protection and restoration of habitat for the endangered hirola antelope 2) Anti-poaching programme for hirola, elephants and other wildlife and, 3) Capacity building and technical advice to both local government officials and local groups. B) Research Our research programme is a locally supported conservation research effort that aims at understanding the underlying factors influencing hirola declines and to explore the best management interventions to improve their population. -
Isolation of Tick and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses from Ticks Sampled from Livestock and Wild Animal Hosts in Ijara District, Kenya
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES Volume 13, Number X, 2013 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1190 Isolation of Tick and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses from Ticks Sampled from Livestock and Wild Animal Hosts in Ijara District, Kenya Olivia Wesula Lwande,1,2 Joel Lutomiah,3 Vincent Obanda,4 Francis Gakuya,4 James Mutisya,3 Francis Mulwa,1 George Michuki,5 Edith Chepkorir,1 Anne Fischer,6 Marietjie Venter,2 and Rosemary Sang1,3 Abstract Tick-borne viruses infect humans through the bite of infected ticks during opportunistic feeding or through crushing of ticks by hand and, in some instances, through contact with infected viremic animals. The Ijara District, an arid to semiarid region in northern Kenya, is home to a pastoralist community for whom livestock keeping is a way of life. Part of the Ijara District lies within the boundaries of a Kenya Wildlife Service–protected conservation area. Arbovirus activity among mosquitoes, animals, and humans is reported in the region, mainly because prevailing conditions necessitate that people continuously move their animals in search of pasture, bringing them in contact with ongoing arbovirus transmission cycles. To identify the tick-borne viruses circulating among these communities, we analyzed ticks sampled from diverse animal hosts. A total of 10,488 ticks were sampled from both wildlife and livestock hosts and processed in 1520 pools of up to eight ticks per pool. The sampled ticks were classified to species, processed for virus screening by cell culture using Vero cells and RT-PCR (in the case of Hyalomma species), followed by amplicon sequencing. -
GNUSLETTER Volume 37 Number 1
GNUSLETTER Volume 37 Number 1 ANTELOPE SPECIALIST GROUP July 2020 ISSN 2304-0718 IUCN Species Survival Commission Antelope Specialist Group GNUSLETTER is the biannual newsletter of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Antelope Specialist Group (ASG). First published in 1982 by first ASG Chair Richard D. Estes, the intent of GNUSLETTER, then and today, is the dissemination of reports and information regarding antelopes and their conservation. ASG Members are an important network of individuals and experts working across disciplines throughout Africa and Asia. Contributions (original articles, field notes, other material relevant to antelope biology, ecology, and conservation) are welcomed and should be sent to the editor. Today GNUSLETTER is published in English in electronic form and distributed widely to members and non-members, and to the IUCN SSC global conservation network. To be added to the distribution list please contact [email protected]. GNUSLETTER Review Board Editor, Steve Shurter, [email protected] Co-Chair, David Mallon Co-Chair, Philippe Chardonnet ASG Program Office, Tania Gilbert, Phil Riordan GNUSLETTER Editorial Assistant, Stephanie Rutan GNUSLETTER is published and supported by White Oak Conservation The Antelope Specialist Group Program Office is hosted and supported by Marwell Zoo http://www.whiteoakwildlife.org/ https://www.marwell.org.uk The designation of geographical entities in this report does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IUCN, the Species Survival Commission, or the Antelope Specialist Group concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of any frontiers or boundaries. Views expressed in Gnusletter are those of the individual authors, Cover photo: Peninsular pronghorn male, El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve (© J. -
Animals of Africa
Silver 49 Bronze 26 Gold 59 Copper 17 Animals of Africa _______________________________________________Diamond 80 PYGMY ANTELOPES Klipspringer Common oribi Haggard oribi Gold 59 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Copper 17 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Gold 61 Copper 17 Diamond 80 Diamond 80 Steenbok 1 234 5 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Cape grysbok BIG CATS LECHWE, KOB, PUKU Sharpe grysbok African lion 1 2 2 2 Common lechwe Livingstone suni African leopard***** Kafue Flats lechwe East African suni African cheetah***** _______________________________________________ Red lechwe Royal antelope SMALL CATS & AFRICAN CIVET Black lechwe Bates pygmy antelope Serval Nile lechwe 1 1 2 2 4 _______________________________________________ Caracal 2 White-eared kob DIK-DIKS African wild cat Uganda kob Salt dik-dik African golden cat CentralAfrican kob Harar dik-dik 1 2 2 African civet _______________________________________________ Western kob (Buffon) Guenther dik-dik HYENAS Puku Kirk dik-dik Spotted hyena 1 1 1 _______________________________________________ Damara dik-dik REEDBUCKS & RHEBOK Brown hyena Phillips dik-dik Common reedbuck _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________African striped hyena Eastern bohor reedbuck BUSH DUIKERS THICK-SKINNED GAME Abyssinian bohor reedbuck Southern bush duiker _______________________________________________African elephant 1 1 1 Sudan bohor reedbuck Angolan bush duiker (closed) 1 122 2 Black rhinoceros** *** Nigerian -
A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates
veterinary sciences Review A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates Hendrik Swanepoel 1,2, Jan Crafford 1 and Melvyn Quan 1,* 1 Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-12-529-8142 Abstract: (1) Background: Viral diseases are important as they can cause significant clinical disease in both wild and domestic animals, as well as in humans. They also make up a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases. (2) Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed publications was performed and based on the guidelines set out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. (3) Results: The final set of publications consisted of 145 publications. Thirty-two viruses were identified in the publications and 50 African ungulates were reported/diagnosed with viral infections. Eighteen countries had viruses diagnosed in wild ungulates reported in the literature. (4) Conclusions: A comprehensive review identified several areas where little information was available and recommendations were made. It is recommended that governments and research institutions offer more funding to investigate and report viral diseases of greater clinical and zoonotic significance. A further recommendation is for appropriate One Health approaches to be adopted for investigating, controlling, managing and preventing diseases. Diseases which may threaten the conservation of certain wildlife species also require focused attention. -
Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use
Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 6 IUCN - The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biologi- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna cal diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- of fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their vation of species or biological diversity. conservation, and for the management of other species of conservation con- cern. Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: sub-species and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintaining biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of bio- vulnerable species. logical diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conservation Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitoring 1. To participate in the further development, promotion and implementation the status of species and populations of conservation concern. of the World Conservation Strategy; to advise on the development of IUCN's Conservation Programme; to support the implementation of the • development and review of conservation action plans and priorities Programme' and to assist in the development, screening, and monitoring for species and their populations. -
Ungulate Tag Marketing Profiles
AZA Ungulates Marketing Update 2016 AZA Midyear Meeting, Omaha NE RoxAnna Breitigan -The Living Desert Michelle Hatwood - Audubon Species Survival Center Brent Huffman -Toronto Zoo Many hooves, one herd COMMUNICATION Come to TAG meetings! BUT it's not enough just to come to the meetings Consider participating! AZAUngulates.org Presentations from 2014-present Details on upcoming events Husbandry manuals Mixed-species survey results Species profiles AZAUngulates.org Content needed! TAG pages Update meetings/workshops Other resources? [email protected] AZAUngulates.org DOUBLE last year’s visits! Join our AZA Listserv [AZAUngulates] Joint Ungulate TAG Listserv [email protected] To manage your subscription: http://lists.aza.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/azaungulates Thanks to Adam Felts (Columbus Zoo) for moderating! Find us on Facebook www.facebook.com/AZAUngulates/ 1,402 followers! Thanks to Matt Ardaiolo (Denver Zoo) for coordinating! Joining forces with IHAA International Hoofstock Awareness Association internationalhoofstock.org facebook.com INITIATIVES AZA SAFE (Saving Animals From Extinction) AZA initiative Launched in 2015 Out of 144 nominations received, 24 (17%) came from the Ungulate TAGs (all six TAGs had species nominated). Thank you to everyone who helped!!! Marketing Profiles •Audience: decision makers •Focus institutional interest •Stop declining trend in captive ungulate populations •63 species profiles now available online Marketing Profiles NEW for this year! Antelope & Giraffe TAG Caprinae TAG Black -
Annual Report
Darwin Initiative Annual Report Important note: To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders: it is expected that this report will be about 10 pages in length, excluding annexes Submission Deadline: 30 April Darwin Project Information Project Reference 20-011 Project Title Community-based conservation and livelihoods development within Kenya’s Boni-Dodori forest ecosystem Host Country/ies Kenya Contract Holder Institution WWF - Kenya Partner institutions KFS, KWS, ZSL Darwin Grant Value £297,500 Start/end dates of project April 2013 /March 2016 Reporting period (eg Apr 2013 – Apr 2013 – Mar 2014 Mar 2014) and number (eg Annual Report 1 Annual Report 1, 2, 3) Project Leader name Kiunga Kareko Project website https://www.wwf.basecamphq.com Report author(s) and date John Bett, April 2014 Project Rationale The Boni-Dodori coastal forest ecosystem in Kenya contains a wealth of biodiversity, much of it endemic and endangered. Little is understood, however, about the biodiversity, the ecosystem services and associated opportunities for poverty reduction. The Aweer and Ijara are indigenous groups whose culture and livelihoods co-evolved with the forests. Communities were forcibly resettled in the 1960s and much of ‘their’ forests gazetted in the 1970s, which alienated their rights to the land and natural resources, and has undermined their culture, including traditional resource use. Although designated as conservation areas, the forests have been, and are being, impacted by illegal logging, unplanned development and agricultural expansion. The Aweer have been forced into shifting cultivation which they practice along the corridor where they were resettled, and predictably human- wildlife conflicts have intensified here. -
Rewilding Grasslands
Rewilding Grasslands to Restore an Endangered Antelope Replanting grasslands is a novel approach because ecological restoration has mostly been tried in forest ecosystems, not in African rangelands. hen Kenyan wildlife biologist Abdullahi Ali won the 2020 Whitley Award, it was a boost Wto his pioneering conservation project to save the hirola (Beatragus hunter), a critically endangered antelope species, from extinction. occasional poaching and rinderpest in the Ali was just one of six winners out of 100 1980s also contributed. global applicants for the award. Born and Hirola are listed as critically endangered raised in Garissa, as a teen a visit to the on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Maasai Mara National Reserve inspired Today, they occur only on a narrow strip his vision to work with wildlife. He studied of land in Garissa County along the Kenya- wildlife biology at the University of Nairobi Somali border, a fraction of their original and has a PhD in Ecology from the University rangeland. Five individuals live in the of Wyoming, USA. Ishaqbini Hirola Sanctuary of Garissa while The 2020 award “was incredibly exciting a small population was translocated to but also humbling as we still have a lot to do Tsavo East National Park in 1963 and 1996. to ensure the full recovery of the species,” However, hirolas outside their natural habitat said Ali, founder of the Hirola Conservation are thought to be declining in Tsavo. Program (HCP). Every year, the UK-based Hirolas feed almost entirely on grass and Whitley Fund for Nature supports grassroots the dwindling of grasslands coincide with conservation leaders around the world the elephant poaching crisis in the 1970s and championing effective conservation solutions 80s.