N a Nc Y Wa Rd (The Book Features Her Uncle Attacullaculla

Home , Cherokee Male Seminary, Jenny McIntosh, John Martin (judge), Joseph Martin (general), Long Island (Tennessee), Sycamore Shoals

A;: I L I T A R Y AND G E N E A L O G I C A !

RECORDS a= THE FAMOUS INDIANWOMAN;

N A NC Y WA RD

(THE BOOK FEATURES HER UNCLE ATTACULLACULLA AND HER SON-IN-LAW GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN A~D INDIAN WIFE; bETTY {WARD) MARTI NJ

THE STATUE CARVED BY ~~MES ABRAHAM ~ALKER HOLDS A PLATE WI TH ENGRAVING "NANCY WARD, 1776 WATAUGA", 1 N ONE HAND, AND IN THE OTHER A LAMB.

NANCY WARD BORN ABOUT 1738 AT foRT LOUOON TENNESSEE OlEO 1N POLK COUNTY TEN~ESSEE ABOUT 1824. JAMES ABRAHAM WALKER WAS BORN IN CLAIBORNE :ouNTY

TENNESSEE 1860 DIED IN HARLAN COUNTY 1 WALL I NS CR EEK , KENTUCKY 10/1~/1934.

ANi,~ IE WALKER BURNS PO BOX 6183 APEX STATl ON 'NASH I NGTON • 0 .:: •

THIS BOOK IS WRI I IEN ANO COMPILED TO HONOR

NANCY WA~ THE ,aMOUS TENNRSSEE INDIAN WOMAN, AND TO ALSO HONOR M¥ ,ATHER .. , .

SCU~PTURER MIQHT CALL IT CRUO~, IT WAS HIS INTERPRETATION OF JvST

HOW SHE IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE LOOKED, ACCORDING TO HISTORIANS AND

ALSO DESCRIPTIONS WERE DERIVED ~ROM HEARING HIS ANCESTORS TELL OF

HER SAVING THE EARLY SE~LERS OF TENNESSEE, AS THEY WERE THERE ON THE

GROUND, IN SULLIVAN COUNTV TENNESSEE, WHICN FACT 1s SHOWN av THE

PENSION· RECORD OF EDWARD WAI.KER SR, A REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOLDIER.

TH£R! as LlSTED IN THE 1830 CENSUS OF CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENNESSEE

(WHERE CUMBERLAND GAP IS S11'UATE0) ON£ BETTY MARTIN, ABOUT THE Rl~HT

A~~ (BETWEEN 70-80 IN 183v) TJ HAVE BEEN THE DAU~HTER OF NANCY WARD

WHO WAS THE INDIAN wa,E OF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN, WHO WAS THE

~IRST INDIAN A~ENT IN TENN!SSCE9 Su~Ll»AN COUNTY, AND SINCE I COULD

Jl,OT ~1ND HER LlSTED IN ANY OF THE COUNTIES WHERE NANCY AND BETTY WERE

SUPPOSED TO LIV£, I AME INCLINED TO BELIEVE THAT THIS MAY BE HE~

DAUGHTER. THERE ARE SEVERA~ M~RTIN NAMES APPEARINQ ON THE CHURCH

REC8ROS 4 u, LES sount OF' TAZEWELL TEN1-. ABOUT I 802 AT THE HI ST:,Rf C

CHURCH, INCLUDES THE NAM! ELIZABETH MARTIN WKleM BETTY MIGNT 8£ THE

NICNNAKE FOR HER. SOME NISTvRIANS STATF. SHE WAS EVER •FTER KNOWN SV

6!TTY MARTIN, WHILE OTHER STATE SHE WAS MARRIED TO----- HU~HS OR HUGH!S

NEVER GIVING THE FIRST NAME OF SAIO Hu,Es. WOULD ~IKE TO CORRESPOND

WITH ANYOHE WHO KNOWS ABO~T EITHER BETTY MARTIN OR ELIZABETH MARTIN.

LETTER FROM

rviRS. GRANT FCf-l8/:AN (CAROLYN THOMAS FOR8v1AN)

1419 WEST OKMULGEE AVENUE

MUSKOGEE, OKLAHOMA

AUGUST 6, I 957

DEAR MRs. Bu RNS:

I AM HAPPV 'Tl-1 AT YOU ARE PLEASED WI TH MY BOOK n I NO I AN ~'/OMEN CH I EFS 11 WI TH TH£ FR ONT I SPIECE OF THE STATUE OF YOUR

FATBER 1 S CARVING OF CHIEF NANCY WARD. (JAMES A 'NALKER}

You ARE AT LIBERTV TO USE PARTS OF MV BOOK IF YOU WILL

GIVE ME CREDIT IN A FOOTNOTE TO ANYTHING YOU PUBLISH.

AS YOU RE~UESTEO l HAVE SENT NOTICES OF MY BOOK TO YOUR

"tWo BROTHERS IN V/ASHINGTON ANO To YOUR NEPHEW LAWRENCE WALKER IN

ATHENS t GEORGI A~

FORTUNATELY I HAVE ALL OF OUR FAMILY RECORDS SO t AM

RETURNING THE FORrJIS YOU SENT.

SI NC ER~LV YOURS,

(S) CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN

Q.UOTATlONS FROM THE PUBLlCATlCN ENTITLED "FLOWER AND FEATHER" PAGE t • PAGES 57 TO 59.

"NANCY WARD, LITTLE OWL'S COUSIN,"SY J. F. BROWN A NOTED WRITER ON

THE SUBJECT OF I NOi ANS.

JACK HILDERBRAND, WH 0 WAS THE GREAT-GRANDSON OF NANCY 'NARO, SAID

THAT HER FATHER WAS A DELAWARE CHIEF WHO H~O M~RRIEO THE SISTER OF

ATTAKULLAKULLA, ANO ACCOROlNG TO lNOl~N CUSTOM HAD BECOME A MEMBER OF

HER TRIBE. THE DELAWARES WERE WELL THOUGHT OF BY THE OTHER lNDIANS,

FOR THEY WERE CONSIDERED THE ORIGINAL SETTLERS OF THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD

AND WERE CALLED THE GR•NDFATHER INDIANS. THEY CALLED THEMSELVES LENNI

LENNAPE. THE WORD LEN1~APE MEANS 11 PEOPLE," ANO AMONG ALL l~OI ANS, THE

REPETITION OF A iORO DOUBL£0 ITS MEANING, HENCE, LENNI-LENNAPE MEAN~

"VERY IMPORTANT PEOPLE," OR 11QRI GI NAL PEOPLE. 11 .,

HILDEBRAND MISTAKENLY SAYS THAT NANCY WARD WAS 120 YEARS OLD AT TH~

TIME OF HER DEATH IN 1822; THAT HER I\GE WAS CALCULATED BY THE DATE OF

WILLIAM PENN 1 S TREATY Wini THE DELAWARES, SHE BEING TWELVE YEARS OLD

AT THE TIME. WHAT HE HAD IN MINO WAS THE FAMOUS. ''WALKING TREATYn,

WHICH WAS MADE NOT WITH WILLIAM PENN, BUT WITH HIS HEIRS, ANO WOULD

H A VE M ADE N AN C 't' A P PRO X I MATE LY 80 AT TH E T ! ME CF H ER OE ,\ n. .

NOTHING IS KNOWN OF NANCY'S CHILDHO~D, BUT AS A YOUNG WOMAN SHE M~RRI ED

THE KINGFISHER, A BRAVE WARRIOR. BY HIM SHE HAD TWO CHILDREN;

CATHERINE AND FIVE KILLER. THE CREEK INDIANS BEGAN A WAR AGAINST

THE CHEROKEES lN 1755, WHICH ENOEO IN A GREAT BATTLE AT TALIWA, NEAR

THE PRESENT CANTON, (CHEROKEE COUNTY} GEORGIA, IN THAT YEAR• 0CONOSTOTA,

W1 TH Fl VE HUNDRED CHEROKEES, DEFEATED A MUCH LARGER NUMBER OF CREEKS.

DURING THE BATTLE, THE KINGFISHER WAS KILLED. NANCY WHO HAD ACCOMPANIED

HIM AS WAS THE CUSTOM •T THE TIME, SEIZED HIS RIFLE ANO FuUGHT IN HIS

PL~CE. HER ACT AROUND UNBOUNDED ADMIRATION AMONG THE~ CHEROKEES. A

SHORT TIME LATER, A VACANCY OCCURRED IN THE OFFICE CF BELOVED WOMAN, PAGE 2.

WHO WAS HEAD OF THE WOMAN 1 S COUNCIL OF THE CHEROKEES, NANCY WARD WAS

SELECTED. THE TITLE WAS AGI-GA-U-E, VIH ICH MEANS "VERY MUCH BELOVED

WOMAN." IT WAS AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT POSITION. SHE Hi.O THE PCW!::R OF

LIFE OR DEATH OVER WAR PRISONERS. HER WORD WAS MORE POWERFUL THAN THAT

OF THE CHIEF 1 S ANO WAS CONSIDERED THE VOICE OF THE GREAT SPIRIT SP~AK;NG

THROUGH HER. 9HE EVEN HAD POWER TO INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS FOR Ra,ioVAL

OF A CHIEF SHOULD SHE CONSIDER HIS ACTIONS UNWORTuY. THE CHEROKEE PAtD

EXTRAORDINARY RESPECT TO WOMAN-HQJO.

SooN AFTER SHE WAS CHOSEN BELOVED WOMAN, NANCY MARRIED BRYAN WARD,

WHO HAO SERVED IN THE 8RlTISH ARMY. HE WAS OF IRISH DESCENT. HE AND

NANCY 010 NOT LIVE LONG TOGETHER. AT 11-iE BREAKING CUT OF THE CHEROKEE

ENGLISH WAR OF 1760, WARD VIITHOREW FROM THE CHEROKEE NATI CN, AND SETTEED

lN PENDLETON OlSTRICT OF SnuTH CARJLINA. HE MARRIED A WHITE WCMAN

AND RAISED A FAMILY, WILLIAM MARTIN, (SON CF UENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN)

w~s A NEAR NEIGHBOR. HE STATES THAT NANCY \NARD CAME TO \!ISIT THE

FAMILY OCCASIONALLY ANO WAS R£CEIVE0 WITH GREAT RESPECT BY THE WARDS.

As THE RESULT OF HER SHORT MARRIAGE WITH VIARD, NANCY HAD ONE 0AUGHTER 1

EllZAc.ETH, oR BETSY, WHO BECAME THE INOI AN WIFE OF G£NE:RAL JOSEPH MARTIN

THEIR SON, J·JHN fv1~RTIN, WAST,) BE TREASURER GF THE CHEROKEE NATION

AND I TS CH I EF' JUSTICE•

BRYANT WAR0 1 S BLCJD, HOWEVER, FLOWS IN THE WELL-KNOWN WARD FAMILY WHICH

HAS FURNISHED SOME OF THE GREAT MEN OF THE WESTERN CHEROKEES. THAT IS

BECAUSE HIS SON JACK '!JARD CAME FROM I REL AND SEARCHING FC'R HIS FATHER

AMONG THE CHEROKEES, AND 0 I SC ,)VERE0 THI'- T HE HAD REMC VE0 TO ScuTH

CAROLINA. 8uT HE FOUND HIS STEP-MOTHER, NAt~CY '.r./A,RO, THE MOST PROMINENT

WOMAN IN THE NATIJN, AND HIS HALF SISTER, BETSY, THE WtF"E OF GErERAL

JuSEPH MARTIN, WHQ WAS THE iNDIAN AGENT. IT WAS A C0NGENIIL ATMOSPHERE ""

IN WHICH JACK VIARD FOUND HIMSELF. HE MARRIED CATHERINE MCDANIEL., THE HALF BLOOD DAUGHTER OF A SCOTTISH T~ADER NAMED McDANIEL, AND H!S CHERO

KEE WIFE. THE WELL KNOWN FAMILY OF WARDS, KNOWN AS 8 TYE M13SIO~ARY

VIA.ROSU VIAS THE RESULT. THE FAMILY INTERMARRIED WITH THE B~NGES,

LOWERYS, ANO OTHER LEAOING FAMILIES AND IS PROMINENT IN 0KLAH0w~ ~OCAY

ONE OF ITS SONS, HcUSTc,N BENGE TEEHEE, SERVED FOR MANY YEARS AS

TREASURER ~ THE UN I TED STATES ( SEE HIS 81 OGRA PHY ELSEWHE R~ IN Tt-i { S

AT THE OUTBREAK OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, THE CHEROKEES, VlHO HAD

LONG BEEN LOYAL TO JuHN STUART, (ALSO SEE HIS BIOG ELSEWHERE)

THE SRI Tl SH AGENT, WERE INCLINED TO St CE WI TH THE BRI Tl Si IN TH~ STRUG

STRUGGLE, SouTH CAROLINA PROMPTLY CUT OFF THE lNOIAN SuPPLYES, JCHN

STUART, TO REPLACE THIS, SENT A LARGE PACKTRAIN OF AMMUNITION FROM

,,, PENSACOLA, IN CARE OF HIS BR-JTHER HENRY. THE CHEROKEE WAR PARTY,

UNDER DRAGG I NG CANOE WHO WAS NANCY WARD'S cous, N, WAS WILD FOR WAR,

STUART TRIED TO HCLO THEM BACK. HE TOLO DRAGGING CANOE THAT HE WCULO

WRITE TC THE WHITE SETTLERS AT WATAUGA AND TELL THEM TO MOVE OFF THE

CHEROKEE LANDS. HE DID WRITE THE LETTER ANO SENT IT BY ISAAC THOMAS•

To BLUFF THE 'IJATAUGANS, HE TCLD THEM THAT HIS MAJESTY EXPECT£D

IMMEDIATELY TO LAND AN ARMY IN FLORIDA TG MARCH ON TH£ ~MERICAN FRONTIER

FRONTIER, TO BE ACCCMPANIEO av A THOUSAND INDIAN ALLIES, CREEKS,

CHOCTAWS, AND CHEROKEES. HE ACTUALLY DID THIS AS A WARNING TO LOYAL

ENGLISH SUBJECTS, SO THE'Y MIGHT HAVE OPPORTUNITY TO ESCAfE.

THE VIATAUGAi~S DI O NOT BLUFF EASILY. THEY IMMEOI ATELY BEGAN BUILDING

FORTS TO RBPEL THE EXPECTEi) INVASION. SEEING THAT THEY HAD NC

INTENTION OF REMOVING DRAGGING CANOE PLANNED WARFARE AGAINST THEM.

AT THE CRUCIAL MOMENT, NANCY WARD HAVING DISCOVERED THE PLACE, SENT

I SA AC TH ·)MAS , JAR RETT WI LL I AM S 1t AN i) VJ l LL I AM FALL I NG TC W). RN TH£ WH I TE

MEN THAT THE I NOi ANS WERE C<..:M I NG. THE MESSENGERS DELI VE RED THE QUOTES FROM "FLOWER AND FE"A THER" PAGE 4

WARNING TO JOHN SEVIER, WHO ALARMED THE WHOLE FRONTIER, AND WHEN THE

INDIANS ARRIVED, THEY FOUND THE WHITE INHABITANTS SHUT UP I~ FORTS,

8V NANCY WARD'S ACTION• SHE UNDOUBTEDLY SAVED MANY WHITE LIVES. ON~

CANNOT HELP BUT WONDER JUST WHY SHE DID WHAT SHE DID. UNOOUBTEOL~ ~nE

WAS INFLUENCED BY THE TH OUGHT OF HER WHITE HUS BA NO, BUT EVEN MOR~ BY HER

UNCLE, THE LITTLE CARPENTER (A TTACULLACULLA) WHO ALL HIS l I FE W;,$

OETERM I NE O TO HA VE PEACE WI TH THE WHITE MEN• HE WAS ADM I RED BY ALL

THE CHEROKEES ANO WAS PRO BABLV DEARLY BELOVED BY HIS NIECE, NAf\CY \//ARD.

MRS. WILLIAM BEAN tFAILEO TO REACH THE FORT IN TIME. SHE WAS

CAPTURED, TAKEN TO THE INDIAN TOWN OF TOQ.UO ON ntE LITTLE TENNESSEE, ;..NO

WAS CONDEMNED TO BE BURNED TC THE STAKE. TIEO TO THE STAKE AT THE TOP

OF A LARGE MOUNT THAT STILL STANDS AT To~uo, THE FAGOTS HAD BEEN

LIGHTED WHEN NANCY WARD ARRIVED. SHE 8:·N TC· THE TOP OF ntE MOUND,

KICKED ASIDE THE BURNING BRANDS, ANO UNTIED THE CAPTIVE. "No WOMAN SHALL

BE BURNED AT THE STAKE WHILE I AM BELOVED '#GMAN. 11 SHE CRIED.

THE SULLEN CHIEFS DID NOT OARE OPPOSE HER WILL. SHE TOOK MRS. BEAN TO

HER OWN HOUSE, TREATED HER AS AN HONORED GUEST, AND DELI VEREO HER LATER

TO HER OWN PEOPLE. IN RETURN, MRS. BEAN SHCWED HER, IT IS SAID, HOW TO

MAKE BUTTER AND CHEESE, ANO THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF* CATTLE RAISING

AMONG THE CHEROKEES.

WHEN THE WHITE MEN INVADED THE CHEROKEE CvUNTRY, THEY INVARIABLY

SPARED CHOTE, NANCY VIAR0 1 S TOWN, OECAUSE OF HER. SHE MET WITH THE

COMMISSIONERS FOR PEACE AT LONG ISLAND OF HOLSTON IN 1779, ANO DELIVERED

A BRIEF BUT ELOQUENT APPEAL FOR PEACE.

"I KNOW THE WHITE PEOPLE THINK THAT A WOMAN IS NOTHING," SHE SAID,

"auT WE ARE Y~UR MOTHERS. OUR CRY 15 ALL FOR PEACE. LET IT CONTINUE.

THIS PEACE MUST LAST FOREVER. LET YCUR WOMEN 1 S SONS BE OURS, ANO LET

OUR SvNS BE YOURS. LET Y~UR WuMEN HEAR OUR CRY. 11 COLONEL WILLIAM CHRISTIAN, COMMISSIONER FOR VIRGINIA, ANSWERED THE

BELOVED WOMAN• ''MOTHER , 11 HE SAID, "WE HAVE LISTENED TO YOUR TALK.

IT IS HOMANE. No MAN COULD ME:AR IT WITHOUT BEING MOVED BY IT. SUCH

WORDS ANO ntOUGHTS SHOW THAT THE HUMAN NATURE IS THE SAME EVERYWHERE

OUR WOMEN SHALL HEAR VOUR WORDS, AND WE KNOW THEY WILL FEEL ANU ntlN1< OF THEM. VIE WILL NOT ~U~RRE~ WITH YOU, BECAUSE YOU ARE OUR

MOTH ER S. VIE WI LL NOT MEDDLE WI TH YOUR PEOPLE IF iHEY WI LL BE STILL

A.NO Q.UI ET AT HOME, AND LET US LI YE IN PEACE."

So GREAT WAS THE IMPRESSION MADE BY NANCY WARD 1 S TALK THAT IT WAS

ONE TREATY IN 'M-tlCH NO INDIAN LAND WAS DEMANDED.

WITH THE RETURN OF PEACE, NANCY VIARD BECAME MORE AND MORE INFLUEN-

TIAL WI TH HER PEOPLE. SriE WAS THE FIRST SLA \/E OWNER AMONG 11-iE

CHE~OKEES ANO TAUGHT THEM TO RAISE CAtrTLE. SHE CON1"'1 NUEO TO LI VE AT

CHOTE uNTIL IT WAS soLD av THE HIWASSEE PURCHASE oF 1819. As SHE

GREW OLDER AND WAS UNABLE TC ATTEND TREATIES IN PERSON, SHE WOULD SEND

HER D l STI NCTI VE WALKl NG STICK BV HER SON, TO CAST HER VOTE FOR HER•

AFTER CHOTO WAS SOLD, SHE MOVED TO 'MiAT WAS TO BECQME POLK COUNTY AnD

ANO SETn.ED ON A BEAUTIFUL HILL ON QCOCE RIVER, A FEW MILES SOUTH rF

THE PRESENT BENTON• THERE SHE DI ED, IN I 822, AND HER GRAVE HAS BEel

M1'RKED. ''NHEN SHE DIED," JACK HILDERBRAND SAYS, "A LIGHT WENT OUT

THE F'O.JR."

COULD NANCY WARD WALK THE TRAILS OF THE ELISE CHAPIN WILDLIFE

SANCTURARY TODAY, SHE WOULD BEYOND DCUBT VtSIT THE SITE OF THE TCWM

OF H£'R COUSIN, LITTLE OWL, ANO HER SvUL WOULD REJOICE THAT PEACE

HAS COME FOREVER TO AT LEAST THAT MUCH OF' THE OLD CHEROKEE HUNTI NG

CRCJUNDS. HER HEART WuULO REJOICE THAT HEHE THE BIROS, THE TREES,

THE WILD FLOWERS, EVEN THE FISH IN THE STREAM ARE FREE FROM n-tE WHITE " MAN 1 S AXE AND GUN, FREE TO LIVE AND GROW AS THE GREAT SPIRITJ WOULD

WtS. THEM TO GROW.n ENO OF Q,UuTES FR•JM FL•JWER AND FEATHER. PAGE 6 Q.UOTATIONS FROM "INDIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN iHOMAS FOREMAN PRINTED BV THE STAR PR I NTERY, I NC. t1i·,usKOGEE, OKLAHOMA l 954

HER ADVERTISEMENT OF THIS BOOK READS AS FOLLOWS:

"I NOi AN WOMEN CHIEFS ANO Q.UEENS.

IT WAS A GREAT TRIUMPH FOR THE WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES WHEN THEY

W~N THE RIGHT TO VOTE, BUT IT MAY BE A SURPRISE TO PEOPLE TO LEARN

TliAT A NUMBER OF INDIAN WOMEN RULEO THEIR TRIBES CENTURIES·-BEFORE WHITF.:

WOMEN WERE GRANTED THE FRANCHISE.

HEI RSHI P DESCENOEU THROUGH THE FEMALE LI NE SO THAT THE I NOi AN

MATRIARCH TOOK PRECEDENCE OF THE FATHER IN MANY RESPECTS, SOME OF THE

WvMEN CHIEFS FOUGHT BESIDE 'll-iE MEN OR LEO THE WARRIORS IN BArn.E.

POCAHONTAS IS DOUBTLESS THE BEST KNOWN INOIAN WOMAN, BUT WHEN A

HALL OF FAME IS ERECTED TO CELEBRATE TH£ ACHIEVEMENTS OF RED WOMEN

,I RULERS THE VIRGINIAN WILL NOT OE LISTED AMONG WOMEN CHIEFS.

AMONG THE Q.UEENS AND WOMEN CHIEFS OF THE E~RLY DAYS OF THIS COUNTRY

WERE THE SQUAW SACHEM* OF MASSACHUSETTS: THE ~UEEN OF CIBOLA WAS

FAMOUS AMONG SPANISH EXPLORERS; WETAMOO, THE S~UAW SACHEM OF POCASSET

WAS THE ALLY OF KING PHILIP AND THE NATCHEZ WERF GOVERNED BY A WOMAN

WHO HAD TKE POWER OF LIFE AND DEATH, CATHERINE MONTOUR, CAPTURED av THE

IROQ.UOISE, BECAME THE CHIEF MATRON OF HER CLAN• MAGNUS WAS A FAMOUS

CHIEF ANO ~UEEN ANNE FIGURED LARGELY IN THE HISTJRY OF THE CONFEDERATED

POWHATAN TRI BES.

THE OSAGES HAD TWO WOMEN CHIEFS, 1liE FIRST TEXIER OESCRIOEO AS

GREATLY HATED; ROSANA CHOUTEAU BECAME SECOND CHIEF IN 1875. LUCY EADS

WAS CHOSEN CHIEF OF THE KAW INOIANS IN 1908.

AMONG THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES WERE A NUMBER OF CHIEFS SUCH AS

THE CHEROKEE BELOVEO WOMAN, NAN:Y WARD; MARY 8CSOMWORTH OF THE CREEKS,

~ AND MRS ALICE 8RoVIN DAVIS OF THE SEMINOLES. AS LATE AS 1952 MRS.

VIOLA JIMULLA WAS MAD£ CHIEF OF THE YAVAPAIS IN ARIZONA. 86 PAGES & 2 PAGE 7 SUQ..TtTJ..O~S_F_BO~~INDlAN WOM8\J CHIEFS OY CAROLYN THJMAS FOREMAN

ILLUSTRATIONS FvR SAL£ OF ~I .50 BY MRS FOREMAN 1419 WEST OKMULGEE

AVENUE, MuSKOGEE, OKLAHOMA•

ONE OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS SHE SPOKE OF IS THE STATitE

SCULPTURED BV JAMES ABRAHAM WALKER BORN 6-3-1860 AND WHO DIED QCTCOER

1934. H£ WAS BORN IN CLAIBORNE Co TENNESSEE ANO DIED IN HARLAN

C~UNTV, WALLINS CREEK KENTUCKY.

PAGE 72 OF THE OCOK CONTAINS AN ARTICLE ABOUT

NANCY WAF{), CHEROKEE BELOVED WOMAN.

THE CONCEPT OF LIBERTY PERVADED THE WHOLE CHEROKEE LIFE EXCEPT WHERE

THE STATUS OF WOMEN WAS CONCERNED. WOMEN WERE VIRTUALLY SLAVES,

ALTHOUGH THE CLANS WERE MATRILINEAL; THERE WERE OCCASIONALLY OUTSTANDING

WOMEN LIKE THE BELOVED WOMAN WHu POSSESSED GREAT INFLUENCE IN THE TRIBE.

ROYCE DESCRIBED lliE CHEROKEE WOMEN:

''THEIR TREATMENT OF THEIR WOMEN HAD UNDERGONE A RADICAL CHANGE; THAT

TH£ COUNTENANCE ANO ENCOURAGEMENT GIVEN TO THEIR CULTIVATION DISCL:>SED

A MORE EXALTED ESTIMATE OF FEMALE CHARACTE;, 1 AND THAT INSTEAD OF BEfNG

REGARDED AS A SLAVE ANO A BEAST OF BURDEN SHE WAS NOW RECOGNIZED AS A

FRI END ANO COMPANI uNL"

IN THE DAILY COUNCIL THE WOMEN HAD A VOICE. THE CHERCKEES WERE JUST

EMERGING FROM THE MATRIARCHAL STAGE. ADAIR THE HISTCRIAN OF THE INDIANS,

WROTE 1'THEY HAV~ UEEN A CCNSIDERAOLE WHILE UNDER PETTI COAT GOVERNMENT."

GREAT RESPECT WAS OESTOWEO UPON WOMANKIND. SHE HAD NCT ONLY A VOICE

IN THE COUNCIL, BUT A DECIDING VOTE FCR CHIEFTAINSHIP.

IN~ EACH CLAN THE WOMAN CHOSE A LEADER ANO THOSE WOMEN MADE UP THE

WoMANS 1 COUNCIL, MilCH DIC NvT HESITATE TO OVERRIDE TH~ AUTHORITY OF THE

CHIEFS IF THEY THOUGHT BEST. THE BELOVED WOMAN OF THE TRIOE WAS THE " HEAD OF THE WOMANS' COUNCIL AND SHE SPOKE FJR TH£ GREAT SPIRIT. PAGE 8 _iU.QT!_TJ...O!!S_F~~~INDIAf\i VIOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN

WOMEN OCCUPIED A RELATIVELY HIGH POSITION AMONG THE CHEROKEE

INDIANS, ALTH0U~H btEIR ACTIVITIES WERE SOMEWHAT CIRCUMSCRIBED BY

TABOOS RELATING TO MENSTRUATION AND PREGN~NCY. THERE ARE TRADIWI0NS OF

WOMEN WARRIORS, AND IN LATER AND MORE ADVANCED TIMES A PLACE w~s

RESERVED FOR WOMEN IN THE COUNCIL HOUSE; ALTHOUGH TI-IEY WERE NOT

PERMITTED To VOTE OR TAKE PART IN THE OELIOERATIONS OF THE CHIEFS, THEY

0 IO EXPRESS THEIR VIEWS ON CERT Al N OCCASIONS. IN A PRIM I Tl VE OCCUM!::NT

A DELEGATION OF WOMEN DIRECTED "ouR BELOVED CHILDREN, ntE HEA~ MEN

AND WARRIORS, TO HOLD OUT TC THE LAST IN SUPPORT CF OUR COMMON RIGHTS.n

NANCY 'WARD WAS A FULL BLOOD CHEROKEE ACCCROING TO EMMET STARR, THE

CHEROKEE HISTORIAN• HER IN0IAN NAME WAS GHIGlJA AND SHE BELONGED TJ

THE WOLF CLAN.. IT IS THOUGHT THAT SHE WAS BORN AB;UT 1740. HER

FIRST HUSBAND, KINGFISHER, OF THE OEER CLAN, WAS THE FATHER OF HER

FIRST TWO CHILDREN; CATHERINE AND FIVE KILLER

KINGFISHER *AS KILLED WHILE FIGHTING THE CREEKS AT THE BATTLE OF

TALIWA IN 1755. HIS WIFE WAS WITH HIM DURING THAT FIGHT; SHE LAY

BEMIND A LO~ CHEWING BULLETS FOR HIM TC MAKE THEM CAUSE SERIOUS

LACERATIONS. AFTER Kl NGFI SHER 1 S DEATH NANCY : · J 3NATCHED UP HIS

RIFLE ANO FOUQHT AS A WARR I OR OUR I NG THE REM A I NDER CF THE 8 ATTLE.

ON THE DEFEAT OF THE CREEKS THE PRISONERS WERE O I VIDEO AMONG THE VICTORS

VICTORS AND NANCY RECEIVED A NEGRG SLAVE, THUS OECOMING THE FIRST

SLAVE OWNER AMONG THE CHEROKEES.

IN 1776, NANCY PREVENTED A FORMIDAOLE INVASION WHEN ORAGGIN~ CANOE~

RAVEN ANO ABRAHA~'t WAR CH I EFS, AT THE I NSTI GATI ON OF THE BR I Tl SH,

ATTACKED THE WESTERN SETn.EMENTS. THE SRITI SH HAD FURNISHED ARMS AND

AMMUNITION TO THE CHEROKEES. NANCY, AWARE OF WHAT WAS GOING ON, SENT

ISAAC THOMAS, A TRADER AND WM FAWLING ON THE LONG TREK TO WARN THE

SETTl..ERS ON THE WATAU~A ANO HOLSTJN OF THE COMING OF THE CHERJKEE ,iU..QT_§S_F!!)~ ~IJ:!DIAN WOMEN CHIEFS dY CAROLYN THOMAS FOR8v1AN PAGE 9

CHIEFS WITH 700 FOLLOWERS.

MRS. WILLIAM BEAN WAS CAPTURED NEAR WATAUGA ANO TAKEN T~ THE INDIAN

CAMP NEAR NOLLICHUCKY WHERE THE RED MEN INTENDED TO KILL HER. 119HE WAS

BOUND, TAKEN TO THE TOP OF ONE OF THE MOUNi)S, AND WAS ABOUT TO BE

BURNED, WHEN NANCY t THE PRFTTY WOMAN, I NTERFERREO AND PRO NOUNCEO HER

PARDON•"

WHEN IT BECAME SAFE TO TRAVEL, NANCY SENT MRS. BEAN TO HER HUSOA'\ll: At~;

ANO FAMILY, UNDER THE CARE OF HER CROTHER, TlJSKEEGEETEEHEE OR LONGFC~LOW

AND HER SON FlVEKILLfR (HISKVTEEHEE)

OuRING THE INOIAN OUTOREAK IN 1780, NANCY HELPED A NUMBER OF

PRISONERS TO ESCALE, ANO TH£ FOLLOWING YEAR SHE WAS SENT OY THE CHIEFS

TO MAKE PEACE WITH JOHN iEVIER ANU CJLONEL ARTHUR CAMPGELL WHO WERE ,, ADVANCING AGAINST THE INDIAN TOWNS. IN HIS REPORT CAMP~OLL WROTE CF

AT THAT TIME, BUT WHEN HER RELATIVES WERE BR0USHT IN L•TER WITH

OTHER PRISONERS THEY WERE TREATED WITH MUCH CONSIDERATION AS A RETURN DUE

DUE TO HER GOOO OFFICES 11

O1RING THE EARLY DAYS OF THE SETTL.a~ENTS ON NOLLICHUCKV, CORN

BECAME SCARCE ANO JEREMI "H JACK AND WM RANKIN OF GREENE COUNTY, D ESCEN0EC

THE RIVER IN A CANOE~ TO BARTER WITH THE (NDIANS FOR THE GRAIN.

THE CHEROKEE REFUSED TO EXCHANGE OR SELL THE C vRN, THEY SHOWED SIGNS

OF SUSPISION ANO ENMITY WHEN THEY LIFTED UP SOME GARMENTS tN THE

CANOE ANO 0ISC0VERE0 RIFLES. THAT SETTL.t0 THE MATTER OF SELLING

THEIR CRAIN ANO THEY BEGAN To THREATEN VIOLENCE TO THE WHITE MEN.

FORTUNATELY THE BELOVED WOMAN WAS PRESENT ANO MANAGEC TO AP~EASE THEIR

WRATH• THE INO& AN CHt LOREN WERE SC,ON CLOTHED IN THE GARMENTS aR OUGHT

BY THE TRADERS AND THE CANOE FILLED WITH CORN. NANCY ONCE MORE

PROV£0 HER FI D£LI TV TO THE WHITE SETTLERS• _iUQTgS_F~M "INOIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREM.4N PAGE 10

NANCV 1 S SECOND HUSBAND WAS SRI AN WA.RO WH~ HAD F 1JUGHT IN THE FRENCH

ANO INDIAN WARS AGAINST THE ENGLISH. HIS SCN JOHN WARD LATER CAME

FROM IRELANO TO HUNT HIS FATHER ANO HE MARRIED CATHERINE McDANIEL,

A HALF BLOOD CHEROKEE WHO LEFT MANY DESCENDANTS IN THE CHEROKEE

NATI ON.

BRIAN WA.RD LIVED ONLY A FEW YEARS AFTER HIS MARRIAGE WITH NANCY,

HE HAD LEFT HER AND RETURNED TO HIS WHITE WIFE. IN 1791 THEY WE'R!::

LIVING ON TuGALOO Rave:R IN SouTH CAROLINA AND NANCY IS REPORTED T-J

HAVE VI SI TED WARD AND TH AT SHE WAS TREATED WI TH GREAT RESPECT BY HIS

WILLIAM MARTIN, A SON OF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN W&OTE AS FOLLOWS OF

CHEROKEE AFFAIRS: ••• 11 1N MY OTHER COMMUNICATIONS, I PURPOSELY OMITTED

A PR V IMPORTANT ITEM, IN THE HISTORY OF MY FATHER 1 S LIFE, FROM A

\ WISH TO THROW A VEIL OVER IT; BUT ON REFLECTION, CONCLUDED TO GIVE

THE PARTICULARS; VIZ:

''WHEN HE WAS APPOI NTEO AGENT OF THE CHEROKEES, HE TOOK A YOUNG

HALF -BREED CHEROKEE, BY THE NAME OF BETSY WARD, TC WIFE.

SHE WAS OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED CLAR OF THE WHOLE TRIBE, AND ONE OF

THE FIRST FAMILIES OF THAT CLAN (FOR THERE WAS THEN, AS MARKED

DISTINCTION BETWEEN FAMILIES AMONG THEM, AS IN CIVILIZED LIFE).

11HER MOTH ER, NANCY WARD, WAS SAi O TO HAVE MORE CHARACTER THAN ANY

WOM1'N THERE, OF HER DAY- WAS WEALTHY, ETC. WITH THIS WOMAN HE

LI VEO THE GREATER PART OF HIS LONG AGENCY-- MOSTLY AT THE LONG I SUN),

BUT SOMETIMES IN THE NATION. ONCE IN A WHILE HE WOULD GO HOME TO

VIRGINIA• STAY A WHILE AND RETURN. AND STRANGE AS IT MAY SEEM IT

NEVER PRODUCED ANY DISCORD BETWEEN HIM AND MY MOTHER; SUCH WAS HER

AFFECTION FOR HIM, A~O SUCH WAS HIS A00RESS THAT HE QUITEO ALL

CONCERNED EXCEPT MYSELF. iU.QT.£S_FBO~ ~JNDIA~ WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN PAGE 11

* **** ng-y THIS lNOIA.N WOMAN HE HAD A. SON A~JO DAUGHTER VERY PROMISING.

WHEN HE ~UIT THE AGENCY, HE T00K THE BOY HOME TC VIRGINIA AND RAISED

ANO EDUCATED HIM, WITH THE OTHER CHILDREN: AND AT MY INSISTANCE HE

ENLARGED HIS EDUCATION, TO A KNOWLEDGE CF THE C~ASSICS; AS HE WAS

PROMISING, HOPING, THAT, WITH THESE ADVANTAGES HE MIGHT, WHEN GROWN,

BE OF ADVANTAGE TO HIS PEOPLE. 8UT, AFTER GETTING HIS EDUCt..TlON, HF.: W'::~f':

TO THE NATION, AND 01SAPPOINTEO ALL OUR HOPES, AND TURNED OUT BADL\.

THE GIRL MARRIED A RESPECTABLE WHITE MAN, ANO DID WELL.

''WHEN I LI VEO IN SouTH CAROLI NA, BRYANT WARD, THEN OLD, SENSI BL~

AND INTELLIGENT, LIVED MY NEIGHBOR, WAS SETTLED, AND HAD A FAMILY~

HE HAD, IN EARLY LIFE, BEEN A TRADER AMONG THE CHEROKEES. HE TOCK A WIFE

WIFE THERE, THE NOTORIOUS NANCY WARD, SPOKEN OF ABOVE, AND THE SAME REFERR

REFERRED TO BY HAYWvOO. SHE WAS, AS I THINK, ONE OF THE MOST SUPER I OR

WOMEN I EVER s~w (MAENING AP~RT FROM THE ADVANTAGES OF EDUCATION

ETC.} BY THIS WOMAN HE HAD A DAUGHTER, THE SAME THAT MV FATHER

AFTERWARDS HAD FOR HIS WIFE, AS SPOKEN OF ALREADY.

"HE ANO HIS FAMILY RECOGNIZED HER, FuR I HAVE FREQ.UENn.Y SEEN HER

THERE; WE THEN LIVING NOT FAR FROM THE CHEROKEE SETTLEMENTS. WHEN THE

AMERICANS CARRI Eu WAR INTO THE lNOI AN VILLAGES, ALL WERE DESTROYED EXCEPT

CHOTE WHICH WAS SPARED OUT OF CONSIDERATION FCR THE BELOVED WOMAN.

GENERAL MARTIN, A NATI VE OF VIRGINlA, ~AS APPOINTED CHER~KE£

AGENT FOR NoRTH CAROLINA• HE SET UP A RESIDENr.E IN THE QVERHILL TOWNS,

AND "HAD MARRIED, PARTLY FCR POLITICAL REASONS NO DC;UBT {ELIZABETH

A DAUGHTER OF N ANC V VIARD." THE TERRI TORY OF THE LOWER TOWNS HAD BEEN

APPROACHED BY A FRONT~ER ARMY MORE THAN ONCE 11 BUT THE CITADEL ITSELF

WAS NOT PENETRATED. 5EVIER 1 S RAIO OF 1782 TURNED AS!DE INTJ GEORGIA.

AFTER REACHING LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. IN 1788, GENERAL JOSEPH" MARTIN JiU.Q.T_!S_F!()~ "INDIAN WQ'v1EtJ CHIEFS SY C,\RQL't'N TuOUiAS FOREMAN PAGE 12

FAILED Ml SERABLV AT THE SAME SPOT."

ACCORDING TO A RECENT WRITER NANCY WAR0 1 S GIVEN NAME WAS THE

ANGL 1 CI ZED FORM OF +H- HER CHERvKEE NAME NANtt"E 1 H I WHICH "WAS AN OLD

P£RSONAL NAME AMONG THE CHEROKEES SIGNIFYING 10NE WHO GOES A8CUT 1 FROM

NUNNE1 HI, THE: LEGENDARY NAME OF THE SPIRIT PEOPLE IN THE CHEROKEE MYTH .n

Ace ORD I NC. TO THE HAND BOOK OF AMERI GAN I NO I ANS NANO V 'NARD WAS A 1-1,:~LF

BREED WOMAN, THE OAT£ ANO PLACE OF WHOSE BIRTH AR£ UNKNOWN. HER FA-:FE1~

WAS SAID TO HAVE BEEN A 8RlTISH OFFICER OF THE NAME OF 'WARD, ANO ~H~:

WAS PROBABLY RELATED TO BRIAN WARD, AN OLOTIME TRADER AMONG THE CHERCK:iS'

IN RABUN COUNTY NORTH EASTERN GEORG I A, IS A STREAM CALLEO WAR 'No\11 AN' S

CREEK WHICH FLOWS INTO THE CHATTO)GA RIVER, IN THE MIDST OF THE OLD

LOWER CHEROKEE COUNTRY. MOONEY RELATES: "AN UPPER TRIBUTARY OF SAVANNAH

RIVER IN- GEORGIA BEARS THE NAME WAR-'W·JMAN CREEK." THE CHEROKEE NA'..:'E

HAS BEEN LOST AND THE STORY HAS ALSO PERI SHED BUT IT IS THOUGHT TO

HAVE BEEN AN INDIAN NAME. WHITE IN HIS HISTORIFAL COLLECTION OF GEORGIA

Q.UOTEO A WRITER WHO ATTRI BUTEO ITS ORIGIN TO THE EXPLOIT OF A REVOLUTION

ARY WOMAN WHO CAPTURED A PARTY OF ToRl£S, SUT THE NAME WAS USED BY ADAIR

AS EARLY AS 1775.

THERE IS REASON FCR THINKING THAT THE NAME REFERSTO AN EARLIER

FEMALE CHEROKEE DIGNITARY WHO WAS DESCRIBED BV JOHN HAYWOvO IN NATURAL

AND ABORIGINAL HISTORY OF TENNESSEE, UNDER THE TITLE OF THE

"PRETTY VIOMAN" WHO HAC AUTHORITY TO SETn.E THE FATE OF PRISONERS OF WAR.

COLONEL JAMES o. WoFroRO KNEW AN CLO WCWAN WHO WAS CALLED DA 1 NA-GA. WHICH

IS AM ABBREVIATED FORM OF 0A 1 NAWA-GASTA (SHARP WAR), MEANING A FIERCE

WARRIOR. .Q_U.QT!$_F~~ "INDIAN V✓CMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN PAGE 13

IN THE M0v10 I RS OF LI EUTENArvT HENRY Tlh,1BERLAKE, I SSUEO IN LONOuN

ENQLAND 1765, HE WROTE THAT THE STCRY CF THE AMAZONS 18 NOT SO GREAT A

FAlllC AS HAD BEEN IMalNEO; MAJV INOIAN WOMEN WEE AS It FAMOUS IN WAR

AS THEY WERE POWERFUL IN THE COUNCIL. THESE WAR WOMEN BORE THE TITLE

OF BELOVED ANO IT WAS THE ONLV TITLE EVER BESTOWED ON WOMEN OF THE

TRI B£. THE POWER IT C.AVE THEM WAS SO GREAT, 11 THAT THEY CAN, BY

THE WAVE OF A SWAN 1 S WING, DELIVER A WRETCH CONDBANEO BY THE C~UNC!l

ANO ALREADY Tl ED TO THE STAKE. n AN INSTANCE OF TH IS POWER WAS

EXEICISED WHEN NANCY WARD RESCUED MRS. BEAN•

MOONEY RELATES IN HI s MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE THAT THE WAR WOMAN HAD

POWER To DECIDE TH£ FATE OF CAPTIR£S. BECAUSE OF THE DECAY OF CHEROKEE

TRADITION IT IS NOW IMPOSSIBLE TO LEARN ANYTHING POSITIVE FROM THE

lNDIANS THEMSELVES, OUT FROM CONTEMPORARY OOCUEMENTS IT IS CERTAIN THAT

~HERE EXISTED A CUSTOM AMONG THE CHERCKEES SIMILAR TO THAT PRACTICED

AMONG ntE IROQUOIS AND PROBABLY OTHER EASTERN TRIBES, GY WHICH

SETTLEMENT OF IMPORTANT ~UESTIONS CONCERNING WAR AND PEACE WERE LEFT

TG THE VOTE CF THE W~MAN A CGUNCIL CF MATRONS EXERCISED THAT

PRIVILEGE AMONG THE I ROC(UOI S AND IT MAY HAVE BEEN THE SAME WI TH THE

CHEROKEES, LEAVING THE DECISION OF THE COUNCIL TO BE STATED GY THE

"PRETTY WOMAN 11 (WAR V/GMAN), OR PERHAPS THE Fl NAL WORD MAY HAVE BEEN

LE FT TO TH E W I LL OF TH E W JM AN H ER SELF • TH I S C US TC M H AI:- I TS OR I G I N

IN THE CLAN SYSTEM ANO HELPEO IN A MANNER TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF WAR.

' A CAPTIVE ENEMY REMAINED AN ENEMY UNTIL HE HAD OEEN ADOPTED INTO THE

TRI BEi:: ANO THAT WAS POSSI OLE ONLY THROUGH ADOPTION INTO A CLAN ANO

FAMILY; AS DESCENT RECKONED THR..;UGH THE FEMALE LI NE IT REMAINED WI TI-I

THEM TO OECI OE 11-IE MATTER OF AOvPTI CN. WHEN THE WOMAN WAS AGREEAi3LE

ALL WENT WELL AND THE CAPTIVE WAS RECEI VEO A. A MEMBER OF A FAMILY ANO

CLAN, OTHERWISE, THE ?UBLIC ENEMY WAS CONDEMNED TO OEAlli, UNLESS RANSOMED av HIS FRIENDS. ,i~T[S_F!)~J..NOIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CARILYN THOMAS FOREMAN -PAGE 14

"THE PROPER TITLE OF THIS FEMALE ARf31TER OF LIFE ANO DEATH

IS UNKNOWN. THE CLAN OF THE ANI-GILAHI • OR 11LONGHAIRS' IS SOME-

TIMES SPOKEN CF AS THE PRETTY WOMAN CLAS, AND THE OFFICE MAY HAVE

DEEN HEREDITARY IN THAT FCLAN•"

SENECCA TRADITION$ IMPLY THAT THERE WERE TWO OF THE WOMAN OFFICERS,

BUT HAYWOODS 1 ACCCUNT MENtlONS BUT CNE.

THERE IS A TRADITION RECCRDED IN THE WAHNENAUHI MANUSCRIPT OF AN

ATTACK AGAIIST A CHEROKEE VILLAGE IN WHICH THE CHIEF WAS KILLED av A

HOSTILE •AR PARTY. "CUHTAHUTAH (GATUNLATI), 'WILD HEMP. 1 HIS WIFE

ON SEEING HER HUSDANO FALL• SNATCHED UP HIS TOMAHAWK, SHOUTING,

"KILL;KI LL; n •NO RUSHED UPON THE tNEMV WI TH SUCH FURY TH~T THE

RETREATING CHEROKEE RALLIED AND RENEWED THE BATTLE WITH SO GREAT

COURAGE AS TO ~AIN l COMPLETE VICTORY. THIS MAY BE A DIFFERENT STATEMEN

STATEMENT OF THE SAME I NC1 DENT. n

lN GENERAL GRIFFITH RUTHERFOR0 1 S EXPEDITION WITH NoRTH CAROLINA

TROOPS, AGAINST THE CHEROKEES IN 1776, TH£ RED M~N TOOK A STAND

NEAR WAYA GAP, 1 H THE NANTAHALA MOUN TA I NS AND A HARD FI QHT TOOK PLACE

THE WHITE MEN LOST NINETEEN SOLDIERS, AFTER THE MAIN BODY OF THE

ENEMV HAD RETREATED AN INOIAN WAS SEEN, PEERING FROM BEHIND A TREE,

AND WAS SHOT AND KILLED BY THE SOLDIERS. U80N GOING TO THE PLACE

THE BODY OF A WOMAN WAS FOUND, PAINTED ANO STRIPPED LIKE W WARRIOR

AND ARMED WITH BOW AND ARROWS. THE WOMAN HAD ALREADY BEEN WOUNDED

IN THE TH I GH AND HAO THERE,oRE BEEN UNABLE TO ESCAPE WI TH HER PARTY.

FROM RICHMOND, FEBRUARY 17, 1781, THOMAS JEFFERSON WROTE TO

Co'-ONEL Ro8£RT CAMPBELL: "···' •• • AM MUCH PLEASED AT THE HAPPY ISSUE

OF TH£ EXPEDITION ACAINST THE CH£RC:KE£S. I Wt SH TT TC BE USED F0R

THt PURPOSE OF BRIHQINQ ABOUT PEACE. THE PRISONERS YOO HAV!: TAKEN HAD

BETT£R BE KEPT FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXCHANGING FOR ANV uF OURS TAKEN -~O.IE2_ _ER.Q.M_INDlAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FORB.'1AN PAGE 15

HAD BETTER BE KEPT F88 THE PURPOSE OF EXCHANGING FOR ANY OF OURS TAKEN

BY THEM• NANCY WARD SEEMS RATHER TO HAVE TAKEN REFUGE WITH YOU~ IN

TH t S CASE, nER INCL I NATI ON OUGHT TO BE FOLLOWED AS TO WHAT IS DONE WI TH

HER.

Ace ORO I NG To THEODORE ROOSEVELT IN HI s WINN I NG OF THE WEST. THE

COUNTRY OF TiiE 0VERHILL CHEROKEES WAS LAID WASTE. 29 WARRIORS WERE

Kl LLEO, A THOUSAND CAB I NS WERE BURNED, AND Fl FTY THOUSAND BUSHELS OF

CORN WEKE DESTROYED IN 178t. 17 WOM£N AND CHILDREN WERE CAPTURED AND

THEY 010 NOT INCLUDE 11 THE FAMILY OF NANCY WARD, WHO WERE TREATED AS

P'RIENOS~ NOT PRISONERS."

MRS. WARD WAS NOTED FOR HER BUSI NESS ACOM EN AND THE ACQU I REO WEAL TH

IN SLAVES AND LIVESTOCK. SHE IS AID TO HAVE BEEN THE FIRST TO

INTRODUCE THE RAISING OF CATTLE AMONG HER PEOPLE.

DURING THI". HOPEWELL TREATY COUNCIL IN 1785 THE PRINCIPAL CHIEF OF

E; r()TA, AFTER HIS OPEN I NG SPEECH SAID:

"I HAVE NO MORE TO SAY, BUT ONE OF OUR BELOVED WOMEN HAS, WHO HAS

BORNE ANO RAISED UP WARRIORS." AFTER DELIVERING A STRING OF WAMPUM

To STRESS TH£ IMPORTANCE OF THE OCCASION, "THE WAR WOMAN OF CHOTA

THEN ADDRESSED THE COMMI SSI ONERS. 11 9HE SPOKE OF HER F>LEASURE AT ntE

PEACE AND CONTINUED, "I HAVE A Pl PE AND A LITTLE TOBACCO TC GI VE TO THE

COMt.;i ISSI ONER S To SMO ~E IN F'R I EN DSH l P • LOOK ON YOU AND THE RED PEOPLE

AS MY CHILDREN. YouR HAVING DETERMINED ON PEACE ,s MOST PLEASANT TO

ME FOR I HAVE SEEN MUCH TROUBLE DURING THE LATE WAR• I AM OLO BUT l

I HOPE YET TO BEAR CHILDREN, WHO WILL GROW UP ANO PEOPLE OUR NATION

AS WE ARE NOW UNDER THE PROTECTION OF CONGRESS AND SHALL HAVE NO MORE

DISTURBANCE. THE TALK I HAVE GIVEN IS FROM THE YOUNG WARRIORS I HAVE

RA I SEO IN MY TOWN, AS WELL AS MVSEL~. THEY REJOICE TH AT WE •HAVE PEACE,

ANO WE HOPE TH! CHAIN OF FRIENDSHIP WILL NEVER MORE 13E BROKEN." Q.UOTES FROM INDIAN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOM PAGE 16 ...... _ _,... WOMEN FORBliAN

SHE CELIVERED TWO STRINGS OF WAMPUM, APIPE ANC SOME TOBACCO TO THE

WHITE COMMISSIONERS. n

WHEN THE CHERCKEE COUNCIL WAS HELO AT AMOAH, MAV _6, 1817. r\i'!RS.

WARD BECAUSE OF HER 0Li) AGE WAS UNA6LE TO ATTEND, SHE SENT HER WALK-

1 NG CANE ANO HER VOTE CN IMPORTANT ~UESTI0NS, AND SHE THUS RENOUNCED

HER HIGH OFFICE OF BELOVED WOMAN, IN FAVOR OF WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONAL

LAW. AMO~EY IN CuUNCIL 2NO MAY 1817

A TRUE COPY: "THE CHEROKEE LADVS NOW BEING PRESENT AT THE MEETING OF THE CHIEFS

AND WARRIORS IN COUNCIL HAVE THOUGHT IT DUTY AS MOTHERS TO ADDRESS

TH El R BELOVED CHIEFS AND WARRIORS NOW A.SSEMBLEO •

11OUR BELOVED CH I LO REN AND HEAD MEN OF THE CHEROKEE NATI ON WE ADDRESS

YOU WA.RI ORS IN C0UNCIL WE HAVE RAISED ALL OF YOU ON THE LAND WHICH

WE NOW HAVE. YMICH Goo GAVE us TO l'NHAl3"1T AND RAISE PROVISIONS WE KNOW

THAT OUR COUNTRY HAS ONCE BEEN EX TEN Si VE BUT BY RE PEATE0 SALES HAS

BECOME CIRCUMS~RIBE0 T0 A SMALL TRACT ANO NEVER HAVE THOUGHT IT OUR

DUTY TO INTERFERE IN THE 0lSP0SITI0N OF IT TILL NOW, IF A FATHER OR

MOTHER WAS TO SELL ALL THEIR LANO$ WHiCH THEY HAD TO DEPEND ON WHICH

0 THEIR CHI LOREN HAD TO RAISE THEI R LI VI NG ON WHICH WCULD BE l NDEEO BAD

AND TO BE REMOVED TO AN·.,;THER C 0UNTRV WE 00 NC·T WI SH Tu GO TO AN

UNKNOWN CuUNTRY WHICH WE HAVE UNDERSTOOD SOME OF OUR CHILDREN WISH TO GO

OVER THE MISSISSIPPI BUT THIS ACT CF OUR CHILDREN WCULO 3E LIKE OESTR0Y-

ING YOUR MOTHERS. Y0UR MOTHERS YOUR SISTERS ASK AND BEG OF YOU NOT TO

PART WITH ANY MORE OF OUR LANDS, WE SAV OURS YOU ARE DESCENDANTS AND

TAKE PITY ON OUR REQUEST, BUT KEEP IT FOR ~UR GROWi NG CHILDREN FOR IT

WAS THE GOOD WILL OF OUR CREATOR TO PLACE US HERE AND VJU KNOW OUR

FATHER THE GREAT PRES I DENT WI LL NOT ALL OW H I S WH I TE CH I L DREN TO T AK E "

OUR c~uNTRV AWAY ONLY KE£P YOUR HANDS OFF OF PAPER "TALKS FOR IT IS

OUR OWN COUNTRY FGR IF TT WAS ·NOT THEY WOULD NOT ASK YJU TO PUT .Q.UQ.TiS_F!!_OM INDIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN.THOMAS FORB;AN PAGE 17

YOUR HANDS TC PAPER FOR IT WvULD BE IMfOSSIOLE TO REMOVE US ALL

FOR AS SOON AS ONE CHILD IS RAISED WE HAVE OTHERS IN OUR ARMS FGR SUCH

IS OUR SITUATION AND WILL CONSIDER OUR CIRCUMSTANCE.

1'THEREFCRE CHILDREN DON'T PART WITH ANY MORE OF OUR LANDS BUT

CONTINUE ON IT ANO ENLARGE YOUR FARMS AND CULTIVATE AND RAISE CORN AND

COTTON AND WE YOUR MOTHERS AND SISTERS WILL MAKE CLOTHING FOR YOU WHICH

OUR FATHER THE PRESIDENT HAS RECOMMENDED TC US ALL WE DCN 1T CHARGE

ANYOOOY FOR SELLINQ ANY L~NDS, BUT WE HAVE HEARD SUCH INTENTIONS OF

OUR CHILDREN OUT YOUR TALKS BECOME TRUE AT LAST AND IT WAS OUR DESIRE

TO FOREWARN YOU ALL NOT TO PART WITH CUR LANDS.

NANCY WARD TO HER CHILDR~N WARRIORS TC TAKE PITY AND LISTEN TO THE

TALKS OF YOUR SI STERS 1 AL THOUGH l AM VERY OLD YET CANNOT Jt BUT Pl TY

ntE SITUATION IN WHICH YOU WILL HEAR OF THEIR MINDS, l HAVE GREAT

MANY GRAND CHILDREN WHICH I WISH TH£M TC DC WELL ON OUR LANO.

SIGNED NANCY WARD

ATTESTED A McCOY CLERK

TH OS '.Vt LSuN, SECTY WIDOW TARPIN

JENNY McINTOSH ALL Y CR I TT t NG TON

CUN, 0. AH

EL l ZA B ETH 'NA L KER MISS ASTY 'N AL KER

SuSANNAH Fox

VJ I D o W GUN Ro 0 MRS NANCY FIELDS.

W100w WOMAN HOLOJM'

WHEN iHOMAS NUTTALL, THE FAMOUS BOTANIST, WAS AMONG THE CHEROKEES

~~ ARKANSAS IN 1819, HE WAS TOLD BY HER PEOPLE THAT NANCY WARD INTRODUCED

THE FIRST COWS INTu THE NATION AND THAT OY HER INFLUENCE, AND THAT OF

HER CHILDREN, THE CONDI Tl ON CF' THE CHER0KEES WAS GREATLY IMPROVED. "HE "

WWS ALSO TOLD THAT HER A0\11 CE AND COUNSEL BCJROEREO UP,..:N THE SUPREME, S,U£T~S_F~~ INDIAN 'Nltv1AN CHlEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN PAGE 18

ANO THAT HER INTERFERENCE WAS ALLOWED 0FTD 6E DECISIVE EVEN IN~

AFFAIRS OF LlFE ANO DEATH." ALTHOUGH NUTTALL SPOKE IN THE PRESENT

TERMS IT WAS HARDLY POSSIBLE THAT NANCY SURVIVED TO THAT LATE DATE,

ANO HE DID NOT CLAIM TO HAVE MET HER.

ACCORDING TO THE STATEMENT OF THE CHEROKEE HISTORIAN, EMMETT STARR,

11 PART OF TIMBERLAKE 1 S ENTERTAINMENT WAS CONSORTI UM WITH A CH ERCK EE

C.IRL WHICH RESULTED IN THE YOUNG EN<.LISH OFFICER LEAVING DESCENDANTS

AMONC. lHE CHEROKEES. HIS SON APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN RICHARD Tl~BERLAKE

ANO HIS GRAND SON LEVI TIMBERLAKE MARRIED NANNIE TAYLOR A DESCENDANT

OF THE FAMOUS NANCY WARD~ OR BELOVED VJOMAN. THERE ARE SAi 0 TO BE

NUMEROUS DESCENDANTS OF THIS CELEBRATED WOMAN IN OKLAHOMA TODAY.

M~S. WARD... OPERATED AN INN AT WOMANKILLER FORD ON THE OC0WEE RIVER

AND BECAME WEALTHY. SHE WAS THE OWNER OF SLAVES, LIVESTOCK AND MONEY.

SHE WAS POPULAR WITH TRAVELERS WHO CALLEO HER "GRANNY WARD" AFTER SHE

BECAME OLD. EVEN THEN SHE WAS DESCRIBED AS HAVING REMARKABLE BEAUTY

- POISE AND A QUEENLY COMMANDING PRESENCE.

PRESIDENT WASHINGTUN AFTER THE FIIGHTFUL YEARS OF THE REVOLUTION, WAS

DETERMINED TO HAVE PEACE AND HE APPOINTED A COMMISSION CCMP0SED OF

BENJAMIN HAWKINS, JOSEPH MARTIN, ANDREW PICKENS, AND LACHLAN MCINTOSH

To DEAL WITH THE INDIANS. ON Nov 28 1785, THE COMMISSIONERS MET

WITH THE CHEROKEES AT HOPEWELL, SouTH CAROLINA, ON KE0WEE RIVER

ONLY CITl~ENS OF THE UPPER CHERuKEES WERE PRESENT AT THE MEETING

AND OLD TASS~L OF THE T~'tN OF CH OTA, WAS THE PRI NCI fAL SPEAKER FOR THE

lNOIANS. BEFORE THE TREATY WAS SIGNED, OLD TASSEL ASKED LEAVE FOR THE

WAR WOMAN OF CHOTA To TALK To THE coMM1ss1 0NERS, SHE SFOKE AS

FOLLOWS:

I AM FOND OF HEARING THAT THERE IS A PEACE. I H0fE THAT YOU HAVE

NOW TAKEN US BY THE HAND IN REAL FRIENDSHIP. I HAVE A PIPE AND A ilJ.Q~S_F~M INOIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FORB.,.AN PAGE 19

LITTLE TOBACCO TO GIVE To THE COMMISSIONERS T~ SMOKE IN FRIENOSHIP. (

LOOK ON YOU ANO THE REO PEOPLE AS MV CHILDREN ••• I HAVE SEEN MUCH

TROUBLE DURING THE LATE WAR. I HAVE BORNE AN~ RAISED UP WARRIORS. I

AM NOW OLD BUT HOPE YET To BEAR CHILDREN WHO WILL G&OW UP AND PEOPLE

OUR NATI ON I AS WE ARE NOW UNO ER THE PROTECT I ON OF CONGRESS AND SH ALL

HAVE NO MORE DISTURBANCE. THE TALK THiT I GIVE YOU IS FR:,M THE

YOUNG WARRIORS, I HAVE RAtSEO IN MY TOWN, AS WELL AS FRCM MYSELF•

THEY REJOICE THAT WE HAVE PEACE ANO HOPE THAT THE CHAIN OF FRIENDSHIP

WILL NEVER BE BROKEN.

MRS WAR0 WAS DESCRIBED BY ROBERTSON, THE HISTORIAN, WHEN HE VISITED

HER, AS "Qu~ENLY AND COMMANDING" IN APPEARANCE AND MANNER, AND HE

RELATED THAT HER HOM£ WAS YURNISHED IN ACCORD WITH HER HIGH DIGNITY.

NANCVWARD OIEO IN 1822 IN THE PRESENT POLK COUNTY. TENNESSEE,& HER GRAVE ABOUT FIVE MILES ~RCM BENTCN HAS BEEN MARKED. (THE CI TE OF HER GRAVE IS Pl CTURED ON PAGE 82.

THERE IS A FENCE MAD£ OF STONE AND ALSO AN IRON FENCE ENCLOSURE.

ON HILL TOP, tiENTON, TENN. THE NANCY WARD CHAPTER OAR HAVE

MADE THE IMPROVED ENCLOSURE. THE BRONZE TABLET STATES SHE WAS BORN

1738 ANO DI EO 1822. "PRINCESS AND PROPHETESS CJF THE CHEROKEE NATI ON.

THE POCAHONTAS OF TENNESSEE, THE CONSTANT FRIEND OF THE AMERICAN PIONEER

T8UCHING TRIBUTE WAS PAID TO THE MEMORY OF NANCY WARD av THE

REVEREIO WR L SMITH IN HIS BOOK CALLED "THE STORY OF THE CHEROKEES.

HE SPOKE OF HER AS nTHAT BEAUTIFUL, WINSOME AND RESGURCEF'UL WOMNAN

NANCY WARD. THE CHEROKEES CALLED HER WHITE Ros£ AND THE WHITES NAM~~

HER THE POCAHONTAS OF THE TENNESSEE. 9HE WAS OARING, CASCINATING,

INFLUENTIAL AND BELOVED BY ALL• THE TOWN OF 8ENTCN HONORED HER BV CALLED

CALLING A BEAUTIFUL ORICK SCHOJL HOUSE OV HER NAME.

THE NANCY VIARD CHAPTER OF THE OAR IN OCT0GER 1923 ERECTED OVER .HER

GRAVE A PYRAMID OF ~UARTER FIELD STONES IN WHICH w~s EMBEDDED A BRONZE iU£T.fS_F_!!OM INDIAN WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN T,-,0!1:.iAS FOR8JAN PAGE 20 TABLET HONORING HERMEMCRY.

NANCY '1iAR0 WAS DESCRIBED AS 11TALL, ERECT, AND BEAUTIFUL, WITH A

PROMINENT NOSE, REGULAR FEATURES, CLEAR COMPEEXION, LONG SILKEN OLACK HAIR,

LAR~E, PIERCING BLACK EYES, AND AN IMPERIOUS YET KINDLY AIR."

MR BURTON JONES OF CH~TTANOOGA• TENNESSEE, WHO TOOK THE PHOTOGRAPHS

TO ILLUSTRATE THIS ARTICLE WROTE:

RECENTLY I HAVE LOCATED A STATUE ON THE CLINCH RIVER, GRAINGER COUNTY,

TENNESSE~ TO NANCY WARD. THE STORY IS THAT THIS STATUE WAS uEJNG SENT

DOWN THE CLINCH RI VER ON A FLAT BOAT• THE FLATBOAT SANK AND THIS STATUE

WAS IN THE RIVER STILL RESCUED ANO PLACED IN A CEMETERY AT THE HEAD OF

GRAVE OF A MAN'S WIFE So FAR BACK THAT NONE OF THE FAMILY NOW EXISTS. THE

STATUE IS OF., GRANITE ANO ABOUT 4½ FEET HI GW •

"IT IS IN THE ARNWINE CEMETERY 'MflCH IS VERY OLD AND IS ON LAND OF

TH£ T.V; A. OUT WAS NEVER MOVEO.

"IT IS OUR INTENTION TO C.ETTHIS STATUE ANO PLACE IT ON THE GRAVE OF

NANCY WAFO AT BENTON, TENNESSEE. I AM OF THE OPINION THtT IT WAS ORIGINALLY

INTENDED TO BE PLACED AS A MEMORIAL TO HER. SHE 3EFRIENOED THE BEAN

f'AMILY AND SOME OF THEM MAV HAVE INTENDED SENDING IT DOWN T'j HER SECTION

o, THE N-ATI ON AND PLACE IT THERE."

WHtLE THIS ACCOUNT IS LIMITED TO WoMEN WHO HAVE GORNE THE TITLE OF

CHIE~ OR QUEEN IT IS tMPOSSIGLE TO IGNORE A NUMBER 0F INDIAN WoMEN WHO

HAVE BEEN OUTSTANOINC., NOT ONLY IN THEIR TRIBES, BUT ALSO AMONG LEADING

WOMEN 0~ THE UNITED ST~TES.

AMONG THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES, RACHEL CAROLINE EATO~, MAOEL WASHBOURNE

ANDERSON, AND MURIEL H. WRIGHT ARE HISTORIANS; MRS. JESS[E R. MOORE SER~Eo

M~NY YEARS AS CLERK OF THE SUPREME COURT CF OKLAHOMA AND MRS. ~USANNA DREW .. ADAIR ROGERS ACT~O AS CLERK OF THE CREEK CJURTS. MRS. ELIZA MISSOURI

8USHVHEAD ALOERTY WAS NvT ONLY A C~MPETENT OUSINESS WOMAN, BUT SHE WAS PAGE 21 fil!.OIE_§ £R.Q_M_l!:!_OJA!! WOMEN CHIEFS BY CAROLYN THOMAS FOREMAN

ALWAYS AWARE OF CHEROKEE POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SHE IS SAIC TO HAVE

YIELDED AN IRON HAND IN A VELVET GLOVE WMEN INTERESTED IN IMPORTANT MATTERS

RELATING TO HER NATION.

MRS.ROBERTA CAMPBELL LAWSON, A ~RANDDAUGHT R OF THE CELEBRATED

DELAWARE CHIEF CHARLES J0URNEVCAKE, WAS ACTIVE IN PHILANTHROPHV, IN

COLLECTING INDIAN RELICS OF ALL SORTS, AND IN WOMEN'S CLUBS. IN THE

LATTER WORK HER ABILIT~ LED HER TO THE PRESIDENCY OF THE FEDERATED

WoMEN 1 S CLUBS, OF THE UNITED STATES WHERE 'SHE PRESIDED WITH INTELLIGENCE

AND DIGNITY.

MANV INDIAN WOMEN HAVE BEEN EDUCATED IN THE HIGHEST COLLEGES IN THE U.S

AFTER WHICH THEY HAVE TAUGHT SCHOOL; SERVED AS MISSIONARIES FOR THE .,

ENLIGHTENMENT ANO EDUCATfON OF THEIR TRIBESMEN; AS TRAINED NURSES,

CONCERT SINGERS; SEVERAL HAVE BECOME CELEBRATED ACTRESSES IN THIS

COUNTY AND EUROPE. THE OKLAHOMAN (OKLAHOMA CITY), AUG 15 1953, CONTAINED AN ACCOUNT OF

MRS. BERT DENN I SON, ROUT£ 3, PoNe A CI TY, OKLAHOMA, SHE Is A KAW I NO I AN

WHO SERVED HER TRIBE AS CHIEF FOR 12 YEARS, ALTHOUGH MARRIED ALMOST

FIJ"TY YEARS TO AN OSAGE. SHE IS NOT ONLY AN EXPERT IN TRIBAL AFFAIRS

BUT SHE IS NOTED IN THE STATE AS AN EXCELLENT C0GK WHO HAS NEVER LOST

HER INTEREST IN MAKING INDIAN DISHES. (THE ENO).

(SEE LETTER NEXT FOLLOWING THIS PAGE WHICH EXPLAINS S0METHING REGARDING THE STATUE OF NANCY WARD, WHICH WAS SCULPTURED 6Y

JAMES ABRAHAM WALKER IN CLAIBORNE CO TENN • THE FOLLOW I NG ITEM APPEARED IN "THE CLAIBORNE PROGRESS" NBVSP.APER DATED 11TAZe.VELL & Na/ TAZE!vELL, TENNESSl'E QC TO f£R I 5 . I 95 3 IN T~E COUNTY OF CL\IBORNE: 22 "NO ''MYSTERY" TO I ND I AN MA I DEN (STATUE) MONUMENT.

BILL SPENCE, OWNER-MANAGER OF THE CITY PLUMBING AND HEATING COMPANY OF NEW TASEWELL, TOOK ALL OF THE MYSTERY OUT OF BERT VINCENT'S STORY, WHICH AP~EAREO IN THE SENTINEL UNDER DATE OF SEPTEMBER 3, 1953 ABOUT THE MAGGIE FARMER MONUMENT (STATUE} IN THE OLD ARNWINE CEMETERY ABOUT SIX MILES FROM LIBERTY HILL, TENNESSEE, IN GRAINGER COUNTY. 81 LL SPENCE SA Io, "THERE IS NO MYSTERY ABOUT Tl-f."T MONU~tENT. l T Is MADE OF BEAR CREEK STONE, AND WAS MADE BY JIM WALKER AND ERCCTED ON THE ORDER OF El.BERT WALKER, FATHER OF MAGGIE FARMER. Mv MOTHER-,N- LAW, OLLIE ARNWINE, AGE 73, IS A SISTER OF MAGGIE FARMER, AND A DAUG~T~P OF El.BERT VIALKER, MAGGIE FARMER 1 S DAUGHTER IS MRS BERTHA FRlEDENMAKcr-<, OF 628 MAY COURT, ASHLAND, KENTur~KY. THE MONUMENT {STATUE} WAS PLA:·:E~ ·ovER THE GRAVE OF MAGGIE FARMER A LITTLE MORE THAN 45 YEARS AGO. SEVERAL TIMES DURING THESE YEARS THERE HAS BEEN AN ATTEMPT TO STEAL THE (STATUE}MONUMENT FOR IT 1S HISTORIC VALUE AND IT TOOK COURT INJUNCTIONS AND THREATED INJUNCTION TO KEEP 1liE (STATUE) MONUMENT IN PLACE. ANY TIME THERE IS TALK OF MYSTERY ABOUT THE MONUMENT, MY MOTHER IN-LAW THINKS SOMEONE IS GOING TO TRY TO HAVE IT REMOVED. So I HOPE YOU SET THE R EC-JRDS STRAIGHT ANO TELL YOUR Fl I ENO BERT VINCENT nt AT THERE IS NO MYSTERY ABOUT THAT MONUMENT• 11 BERT VINCENT 1S ARTICLE SAID IN PART: 11 VtSITORS TO THE OLD ARNWINE COUNTRY GRAVEYARD NEAR LIBERTY HILL, IN GRAINGER COUNT, LOOK AND WONDER ABOUT THE STRANGE MONUMENT (STATUE) IT IS THE SCULPTURED FIGURE OF AN INDIAN MAID. ON A PLAQUE THE MAID HOLDS IN HER HANDS IT SAYS: NANCY WARD, WATAUGA 1778"

BILL SPENCE HOPES HE HAS CLEARED UP THE MYSTERY, AND HOPES THAT NO ONE WILL AGAIN TRY TO REMOVE THE OLD HISTORIC STATUE(MONUMf:NT) AS IT HAS QIVEN THEM MUCH TROUBLE OVER THE YEARS. PAGE 23

COPY OF A LETTER FROM BURT01'1 J01~ES , 25 Tunnel Boulevard Chattanooga Tennessee March :M:rs Annie Yialker Burns 24- 1950 503 - 65 Midland ?ark Washington, D. c.

Dear Mrs • Burns : I am Wl'iting you under rather difficult conditions and will explain first: Sometime ago I learned o.f the llancy ~Vard statue in the ARNViINE CEIJETERY in Grainger county, Tennessee. Previous to this I have run across some o~ your genealogical work in our library here in Chattanooga and in a letter from Mrs. Friedenmaker she mentioned your name as being familiar with this statue and it's origin. It's origin is what has given mo some concern, as I am connected with the Chattanooga Area Historical Association and we v1ero n1aking investiga tion of this statue with the intention of placing it at hor grave at Benton, Tenn.(Polk county) My information was that it was rescued from a sunken flat boat in the Clinch River and had been rescued and placed in the above coi:1etery. I have searched every source I know of for information regarding it and without much results. I also want to explain that there developed some opposition to this move and we have dropped tho matter, as our work was only for the purpose of getting all available history of Nancy Ward for our associntion. You know after you get into those things, th~t you often feel discouraged with results and this was my case. Now Io.masking you about tho origin of the statue and if you think its history worth making much of an effort to get. Will say that it is very fine piece of work and worthy of more publicity and credit than it has had, oven if it was never 1ntondod for Nancy Viard. I had an idea that some of the Boan family after their settlen1ont at Bean's station might hllvo attempted to pay hon1ago to Nancy \Va.rd and was sending it down the Clinch to some destination. These were just dreams. Will appreciate hearing from you regarding the statue. Will say that we havo a one year old historical association with about 200 members and Cherokee History has been our study tho past year. I made some pictures of the statue and am sending you some of them for I doubt you having any. With kindest regards and hoping to hear from you, I am Sincerely, Burton Jones •

.. - - -I answered Mr. Jonos, tolling him that my father James A. Walker did mo.ko tho sta.tuo whon I was about ago 16, and I well romember it, and that when we moved to Harlan ICentucky 1912 that he sold this statue to my Unolo Ebb ~alkcr, for a monument to his daughter who 11os buried in Arnwine Co1nctcry in Grainger county Tennessee. He hated to sell the statue so much for he really wanted to set nt the grave of Nancy Ward, but our finances were such that a ame..11 an1ount of money looked good to him on tho eave of our move so ho sold it to his brother for a monument, promising him that ho would return to the cemetery and take tho c~rving of "NANeY WARD -VJAUTAUGA 177611 and carve tho nan10 of his daught0r and her birth and doa~h date thereon instead, but this he nevor did, so the carving still PAGE 24 remains on the statue. And I suggostod that since 1i1~r uncle is also deceased as vvell as my father, and the sister of my cousin who is buried there, lirs. Friedemal-cer of Asr,...ln.nd, ICy, that 1.vhomever desires this statue they could only have a sculptor to reproduce a statue of th0 same likeness, since Mrs. Friedenmaker does not want to sell the same. I received another letter from Mr. Jonos as follows: dated M~rch 24, 1950 - Chattanooga, Ten.~essee.25 Tunnell Blvd. :Mrs • Annie Wa ll{er Burns Box 6183 Apex Station Vv'rtshington, D.C Dear Turr's • Burns : This is indeed an early reply to your nice long letter just receivAd I not only read your letter with interest but the heading about tne DR. THOIJAS WALI

NANCY WARD: REFEREN ES NORTH CAROLINA kEGISTER VOLUME L PAGc VOLUME--- 2 PAGE 36LI -373 AND 534 ---VOLUME 9 SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION PAGE 29-38 DATED L905 VOLUME 4 PAGES 443 SOUTHERN HISTORI AL ASSOCIATION, COLLECTION BY COLONEL WILLIAM MARTIN OF SMITH COUNTY TENNESSEE BORN K 1765 - 1846: WAS THE OLDEST SON OF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN WHO WAS BORN 1740- 01~0 1808) --V/ILLI AM MARTIN LIVED IN SOUTH CAROLINE 1791-1798 REMOVe'D TO 8~_1!7,• 1798 -- IHE WAS IN THE CREEK CAMPAIGN ANO WAR OF 18t2. --- ALSO SEE VIRGINIA MAGAZINE~ HISTORY Ar10 BIOGRAPHY OF 1890 BY JOHN REDO, SEE ALSO NoRTH CAROLINA STATE RECORDS AS HIS PAPERS HhVS BEEN PRINTED IN THEM --WM MARTIN HAD A BROTHER IN VA Wint WHOM SLAVE TOBEY LIV~~, ; STATES MV FATHER JOSEPH MARTIN, OFTEN SAi D HE SH OiJLO FREE Tcov BUT HIS F"ATHER JOSEPH DIED INTESTATE BUT Toev WAS FREC:D BY THE FJ'.,Jl1!_LY (HE ST~TES MV BROTHER IS 20 YEARS YOUNGER THAN I AM) (HE WAS A HALF BROTHER} 'HM MARTIN WAS WRI Tl NG TO MR. ORA PPER AND TOLD HIM TO COME ON TO RICHMOND, THENCE 200 MILES TO HIS BROTHERS HOUSE, IN TPS 0 t RECTI ON TO TH IS PLACE ANO IT WI LL I MI LE -- TU PcNTOTOC. (NOT IN POSTTAL GUIDE. PAGE 457 VOLUME 4 Sou HIST ASSN. NANCY VIARD AND MILITARY ETI ~UITE - AGAIN NANCY WARD OF THE MOST POWERFUL CLAN, HAVING GREAT INFLUENCE AND ALWAYS FRIENDLY TO THE VvtilTE - CAME IN. TH£ ARMY WAS STARTING F

ONE OF THE RE ENT LETTER I HAVE RECEIVED REGARDING THE STATUE MY FATHER MA~E IS AS FOLLOWS: BENTON TENNESSEE JUNE 7, 1956 FROM Rav G LILLARD, ~RESIDENT OF POLK CJUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION "DE AR MRS Bu RN S: WE WANT TJ lli ANK YOU FOR THE MATER I AL WHICH YOU MAILED TO US RECENTLY (HIST.JR! :~AL BOOKS) Y:)U WI LL REALIZE THAT lH IS IS A SMALL TCWN~ ANU THAT OUR ORGANIZATION IS SMALL AS WELL AS NEW. VIE WI LL TA KE nt E 8 0 0 KS Tu OUR NEXT MEETING OR PASS THEM AROUND AMJNG OUR MEMBERS. SIN' E OUR LAST LETTER TC YOU OUR ASSOCIATION HELD ITS FIRS"r ANNUAL flA!'JQ_UE'T WITH M,ss ZELLA ARMSTRONG OF CHATTANCOGA AS GUEST SpJEA!

NANCY W~RO REFERENCE IN DICTIONARY OF AMER tc.,N BiOSR~,!='HY PAGE 433 NANCY WARD (1778-1781) INOIAN LEAOER, WAS BORN AMtNG THE CH"::i

r'HOTOSTAT COPY FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL. ARCHIVES

RECORD GROUP NO. 75 •

.IO- !H~_l l !tlA1 £.OliC.§!.N_:

NA~Y \VAR) A NATIVE OF THE CHEROKEE NATloN·o,o ON THE 19TH

DAY OF NOVEMBER 1818 REGISTER HER NAME IN THE CHEROKEE AGENTS OFFICE FOR

A SB:TI ON OF LANO ONE Ml LE BELO\Y JOHN Mc I NlOSH 1S ON WOUSE CREEK

WHERE THE OLD lRACE CROSSES SAID CREEK LEADING FRW& TELLICO BLOCK HOUSE

TO HIGH'NASSEE GARRISON BEGINNING AT THAT FORD AND RUNNING DOWN SAID

CREEK FOR COMPLIMENT CONFORftMBLY TO A TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES

ANO THE CHEROKEE NATI ON CONCLlDED ON THE 8TH DAY OF JULY 1817

CONSIOERI NG HERSELF UNDER THE PROTECTION AND AMENDABLE TO THE LAWS

OF THE SAID UNITED STATES WHICH RESERVATION IS BY HER FOR DIVERS

CAUSES AND CONSIDERATIONS BE(.J.UEAlHBJ Tu riC:,, bELCVED GR,~ND DAUGHTER

JENNY MclNTOSH ANO HER HEIRS FOREVER.

GIVEN UNDER MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THE CHEROKEE AGENCY THIS NANCY WARD

DECEMBER 28, 1818. SIGNED BY HOR SOR G WILLIAMS, Bue AGENT -

ON THE BACK OF THE ABOVE PAPER: "No 767

1 NANCY WARD S HEIRS 9 VS RESERVATION No. 156. THE UNITED STATES.

FI LED DECEMBER 31, I 846

W. 0. MILLER, SECRETARY. DECREE RENDERED MAY 'Zr, 1847, REJECT1VE CLAIM

SIGNED W S MILLER, SECRETARY

--AT ntE 801TOM OF THE PAGE J H £ATON, ATTORNEY

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * QUOTATIONS FROM JAMES ADAIR HISTORY OF Al£RICAN lNDIANS

S)ITEO UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE NATIONAL SJCIETY OF THE COLONIAL

DAME'S CF TENNESSEE BY SAMUEL COLES WI LL I AMS 1930

PRINTED BY THE WATAGUA PRESS AT JOHNSON CI TY, TENNESSEE 1930

PAGE XtX (19) * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * "EMMITT STARR IN HIS HISTORY OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS PAGE 403 GIVES

I • * AO A I R , F 1 RS T NAME N OT G I VEN •

HAO (I) JOHN ADAIR WHO MARRIED JENNIE KILGORE

(2) EDNAR:> ADAIR WHO MARRIED B..IZABETH MARTIN, DAUGHTER OF GENERAL

THE NAME OF THE MOTHER OF THESE TWO SONS OF ------ADAIR IS GI VEN. STARR 1 S GENEALOGICAL TABLES GIVES THE DESCENDANTS

DOWN TO RECENT TIMES. AMONG THEM THOSE OF THE MAYES FAMILY. THE BLANK ------IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER MAY BE SUPPL I ED FROM A SKETCH OF JOEL BRYAN MAYES,

A CHEROKEE INCi AN CHIEF AND CHIEF JUSTI :;£ OF THE COURT OF THE LAST

RESORT OF THE CHEROKEE NATI ON, IN APPLETON'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF A~ICAN BIOGRAPHY

VOLWE IV PAGE 275 NANCY WARD PAGE 30:

MAYES WAS BORN IN CHEROKEE RESERVATION IN GEORGI A OCTOBER 2, 1832.r

Hts MOTHER WAS OF MIXED BLOOD AND DESCENDANT ON THE PATERNAL SIDE FROM

JAMES ADAIR, AN INDIAN AGENT, TRADER, UNDER

GEORGE Ill (OF ENGLAND)

STARR IN A LETTER TO THE £01 TOR SAVS "JOHN AND EDWARD ADA tr~

BROTHERS MAR~IED CHEROKEES ANO HAVE HAD A NUMEROUS PROGENY. .,..Hl,c:..~ I'"• t n

DESCENDANTS FURNISHED THE MOST BRILLIANT STRAIN IN THE OLD CHEROKE:E :\Jt.Tf0~-1!

ESPECIALLY WHEN THEIR BLOOD WAS BLENDED WITH THE BLOOD OF

GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN OF VIRGINIA ANO TENNESSF.E

'lftiOSE DESCENDANTS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN NUMEROUS IN THE NATI ON. Two OF

THESE:

WILLIAM PENN ADAIR

AND

LUCIAN BURR BELL

WERE THE BRAIN I EST MEN I EVER MET.

ELIZABETH MARTIN MENTIONED ABOVt WAS IN GIRL HOOD A RESIDENT

OF LOWER EAST TENNESSEE, AT WACHOWEE ON A BRANCH OF HIWASSEE RIVER.

GREAT NANCY WARD.

THE BELOVED OF THE OVFRHILL CHlROKEE AND FRIEND OF THE WHITE

RACE ANO HER FATHER WAS GENERAL JOSEPH ~ RTI N, AG ENT oF VIRGIN I A AMONG

THE CHEROKEES, (SEE WtLLI AM 1 S EARLY TRAVELS IN TENNESSEE COUNTY~ PAGE

490

MISS SKINNER IN HER PIONEERS OF THE OLD SOUTH WEST

SEEMINQLY FASCINATED BY ADAIR GIVES L5 PAGES TO HIM IN HIS BOOK.

SHE GI \/ES 'tHE ARREST OF PRI BER TO AOAI R. As A BR I TCN• ADAIR

CONTRIBUTED TO PRIBER 1 S FATE.

PAGE ~ ~X F'-'R SKETCH CF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN SEE WiLLI AM LOST NANCY WARD

STATE OF FRANKLIN, PAGE 2t2 AND 323 AND EARLY TRAVELS OF TENNESSEE

COUNTAV, PAGE 251 ANO 465. AND ALSO -----W£EKS GENERAL JOSEPH M~RTIN. HE WAS MENTIONED. HE WAS AMONG THE OVER-HILL CHEROKEES TEN (10) YEARS FROM 1772 TO 1787}.

SAMUEL MARTIN YouNQ WHO HAS IN HIS POSSESSION PAPERS OF BOTH WRITERS

THE EDITOR. I 00 NOT DOUBT THAT GENERAL MARTIN AND JAMES ADAIR WERE

PERSONALLY AC~UAINTED BEING OF THE S"ME SECTION OF COUNTRY.

EMMETT STARR: CHEROKEE INDIANS BOOK AT LIBRARV OF CONGRESS CALL

NUMBER "E 99 C 5-53)

26: THE PRINCIPAL CHIEFS OF THE CHEROKEE HAVE BEEN

1736;

MoVTOG (oR MOYTOY)

ATTA CULLACULLA WHO DIED 1778

OCONOSTA TA D I ED 17 85

AND MENTIONED MANV OTHER NAMES OF THESE CHIEFS:

ATTA CULLA CULLA AND OCUNASTATA WENT TO ENGLAND

IN GOING THEY ARRI VEO AT CHARLESTOWN, APRIL I 3, 1730 AND JUNE 5,

THEY LANO ED AT Do VER ENGLAND ON THE "ENGL I SH MANN OF WAR : Fox.

AND ON THE 22ND THEY WERE PRESENTED TC THE Kl NG.

* * * * * * * * THERE ARE A LOT OF ADAlR NAMES IN DECATUR COUNTY TENNESSEE

1880 CENSUS PAGE 78.

****>!- * "'"' THE MEMOIRS OF HENRi TIMBERLAKE PRINTED 1765 IN LONDON EJ\JGLAND

160 PAGES, 4 PAGES PREFACE, TOTAL 164 PAGES.

A DRAFT OF THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY ON THE WEST SI OE OF THE 24

MOUNTAINS COMMONLY CALLEO OVER -THE -HILL TAKEN BY HENRY TIMBERLAKE

WHEN HE WAS IN THAT COUNTRY MAR~H 1762 LIKEWISE THE NAMES ON THE " PRINCIPAL HEAD MEN OF EACH TOWN ANO WHAT NUMBER OF FIGHTING MEN THEY SENT NANCY WAI() PAGE 32 MIALAQUE OR THE GREtT ISLAND,

24 UNDER THE GOVERNOR ATTAKULLAKULLA

ToSKEGEE 55 ATTAKULLAKULLA GOVERNOR

ToMMOTLEY 91 OSTENAC0 COMMANDER IN CHIEF

ToQUO 82 WtLLIAWAW, GOVERNOR

TENNESSEE 21 CCMMANOING GOVERNMENT OF KANAGATUCKOO

CHOTE 175 KANAGATUCKCO KING ANO GOVERNOR

CHILHOWEY OR CHILHOMEY 110 YACHTINO GOVERNOR

CETTACOE 204 CHEULAH GOVERNOR

TALLASSEE 47 GOVERNOR DECEASED AND NONE ELECTED SINCE. TOTAL 809

SKETCH OR M\P BY H&JRY TIMBERLAKE PART OF TALLASSEE ENeJ.Y MOUNTA l NS -• • CH I LLHOWEV 4 MILE CREEK . • HALF WAY TOWN SETTAC0E PATH FRJM VIRGINIA CHOTO THE METROPOLIS

To CHARLESTOWN A FORT BU ILT BY VIRGIN I A &756 AND t!1 SOON O ESTRCYED BY THE I NO I ANS. en 13 z r-ffi z 0 BALL PLAY CREEK OR BULL • TOMMOTLEY

FoRT LOUDON

MILAQ.UOAR GREAT ISLAND NAI\CY WARD

CALL NUMBER AT NATIONAL ARCHl VES, E 172 A 6 VOLUME 2

I NOE< TO ANNUAL REPORT OF AMER I CAN HISTORICAL ASSOC IA Tl ON VOLUME 11 1881!-

To 1914.

NOTE: NANCY WARD: CHEROKEE

RELATION WITH WHITES: VOLL.ME 95,422,427,431, (06 I, 282N)

11 TH IS "I MEANS VOLUME I 1 l AM SURE OR IT MAY MEAN (06 I) OR 6TH VOL

IN SERIES "1"

BRYANT WARD OF GEORGEIA (1820) 04. 574

BETSEY WARD ANO JOSEPH MARTIN SEE VOLUME 93, PAGES 423 ANO 427

GENERAL JOSEt->H MARTIN (2) BIORAPHY BY S. B. WEEKS

VOLUME 93. PAGES 401 TO 477; SERVICE 408,420 ANCESTRY, 409, BIRTH

409 EARLY CAREER ANO CHARACTER, 409,413, 475 ANO 474 MARRIAGES, 410

1 465-475, SETTLEMENT., OF POWELL S VALLEY, 412, 415, 417, 419 -436-439

HOME IN HENRY Co VA 415, 473, IN DUNMORE' s WAR, 415 AND BETSV WARD

(DAUGHTER OF NA~Y WARD, THE NOTED CHEROKEE INDIAN) 425, 427, AND

CHEROKEE RAID 1776, 423 IN CHRISTIAN 1 S CAMPAIGN 424,425, AS INOIAN A

AGENT FOR Vt RGI NI A AND NORTH CAROLINA; 0,JTIES, DANGERS AND RELATIONS,

426-428,434,435,456, 459, 461, 462, 465 AND INDIANS DURING KING 1 S MOUNTAIN

CAMPAIGN 428, 429, IN CAMPBELL I S CHEROKEE CAMPAIGN 429, 434, PEACE

COMMISSIONER, 4329 435 LAND SPECULATION• 439, 442, AND S~UATTERS ON

CHEROKEE LAN0S~442, 445 TREATY OF HOPEWELL, 445 451, CHOCTAW AND

CHICKASAW TREATIES, 447 ANO ST~TE OF FRANKLIN ANO SEVCER 451,456,458N,

468, BRIGGEN. 453 ANO SPAN, INTRIGUE 456, AP~T AS U.S. INDIAN

AGENT 459, 451 CAMPAIGN AGAINST CHICAMAGA 1788, 463, 465, CHARGES

AGAINST OF RELATIONS WITH McGILLIVRAY 466, 469, AS CHEROKEE TRADER, 470

AND WHISKY INSURRECTION 470, AS BOUNDARY COMMISSIONER, 471, AS LEGISLATOR

472 ESTATE 473, DEATii 475 CHILDREN 475,477

BRICE MARTIN SON OF GENERAL JOSEPH BOUNWARY SURVEYOR VOLUME 93,473 CAREER 474,476. 93 PAGE 34 NANCY WARD

G. MARTIN SON OF JCSEPH - CAREER VOLUME 95, PAGE 477,

JOSEPH MARTIN (IQ CAREER VOLUME 93 PAGE 477

JAMES ADAIR: I ND I AN THEORY PAGE IV 210,211 --- WATAUGA CONDI Tl ONS : N I 776 -89 VOLUME 422, 471

(SEE CHEROKEE AND JOSEPH MARTIN, ARCHIVES 06 I I PAGE 200

SEE ALSO FRANKLIN ST~TE OF TENNESSEE

CHEROKEE VuLUME 93, PAGE 407, 01 Ii PAGE 67 RAIO ON POWELL'S VALLEY

1769 VOLUME 93 PAGE 414

LONG ISLAND OF HOLSTQi\j Ri VER, NO FORT THERE IN 1758

VOLUME ~3, 417 N, BATTLE: 17:6 PAGE i~23, TREATY 1777 PAGE 425, 1785,

?AGE 435.

FORT LOUDOUN TENNESSEE LOC,;TI 0N V-JLLiME ii] 93, PAGE 42tN.

IND!A~ tv·:ARRiAGES V.;LUME 94 ?AGE 73-74

CHEROKEE AT SYCAt•iOR SHOAL 1775 VOLUME 93 PAGE 416

AT DEWITS CORNER 425, 01, II, PAGE 66

VOLUME 16 CHRONICLES OF OKLAHOMA

CALL NUMBER AT THE ARCHIVES nc 691 C 4

PAGE 5. HE STATES PAGE 5 THAT OCON0ST0TA, THE GREAT CHEROKEE WAR CHIEF,

WAS JUST COMING INTO PROMINENCE. HE 010 NOT ACCOMPANY THE DELEGATION TO . . /

ENGLAND, BUT HIS BROTHER, KITEGISKA, THE PRINCE, WAS ONE OF THE VISITING

CHIEFS AND SPOKE FOR TKE lNDf ANS BEFORE THE KING. HE LAT~R ATTAINED

CONSIDERABLE PRCMINENCE. 8Y FAR THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE SEVEN,

HOWEVER, WAS OUKOU-NAKA, WHO v: ::,.S LATER TO BE KN OW[·.; i\S

A TTA-C ULLA-C ULLA ( JR TYE LITTLE CARPENTER) ( AND VAR I ous

0TH ER NAMES)

ONE CF THE GREATEST CHERuKEES WHO EVER LIVED. HE BECAME PEACE CHIEF OF T --- ...... - - - ...... ------,_ ------THE NATION , ASSOCIATED WITH OCONOSTGT.~ AS W/':.R CHIEF. THE STCREY CF THE CHEROKEES FOR THE SUCCEEDING FGRTY YEARS IN PRACTICALLY THE STORY OF THESE NANCY WARD PAGE 35 , .

TWO MEN.

(SEE CUMMING 1 S JOURNAL REPUBLISH~0 IN WILLIAMS, EARLY TRAVELS IN

THE TENNESSEE COUNTRY.

OLD HOP APPOINTED ATTA-CULLACULLA TO SPEAK FOR THE NATION. THE CHEROKEE

AGREED TO SUPPORT THE ENGLISH CAUSE PROVIDED THEV WERE GIVEN ARMS AND

AMMUNITION; ANO THAT GOVERNOR GLEN SHOULD suiLD A FORT AMONG THE OVER-HtL-

(DELI-GATUSI) TOWNS TO PROTECT THEIR WOMEN AND CHILDREN WHILE THE MEN WERE

AWAY FIGHTING THE FRENCH. THE LITTLE CARPENTER (OR) ATTACULLACULLA 1 S SPEECH

IS A MODEL CF CHEROKEE ORATORY, FORCEFUL t ELO~UENT, AND DRAMATIC.

(FULL PROCEEDINGS AT GLEN 1 S TREATY ARE GIVEN IN

SOUTH CAROLI NA PUBLIC RECORDS)

SO WELL DID HE AC~UIT HIMSELF THAT HE WAS THEREAFTER CONSIDERED

THE SPEAKER FOR THE NATION IN DEALINGS Wint THE WHITE MEN. OLD HOP, HELD

A GIGILANT REIN OVER HIS YOUNGER ASSOCIATE, ANO RESERVED THE Rl~HT TO

CORRECT HIS SPEECH WHEN NECESSARY.

IN FULFILLMENT OF GOVERNOR GLEN'S PROMISE, CAPT RAYMOND OEMOERE

WAS SENT TG OVERHILL COUNTRY 1756 TC BUILD A FORT. THIS HE LOCATED AT THE

MOUTH OF TELLICO (TELLICO PLAINS IS IN MONROE COUNTY TENNESSEE) RIVER WHE~E IT JOINS LITTLE TENN~ESSEE IN THE

PRESENT MoNRCE COUNTY. THE FORT WAS CALLEO ~ORT LOUDOUN IN HONOR OF

THE BRITISH COMMANDER IN CHIEF WHO HAD JUST REACHED AMERICA• IT WAS THE

FIRST BUILDING ERECTED BY ENGLISH SPEAKING PEOPLE WEST OF THE ALLEGHENIES.

(FORT LOUDOUN WAS SITUATED ON THE NoRTI◄ SIDE OF LITTLE TENNESSEE DIRECTLY

QPr'0SI TE ECHOTA.

THE CREEKS HAD BEEN DEFEATED BY THE CHEROKEES IN THE BATTLE

OF TALIWA IN 1755 (NOTE IT WAS AT THE BATTLE OF TALIWA THAT WE GET OUR

FIRST GLIMPSE OF THE FAPIOUS NANCY WARD, LATER TO 1= BE

AGI-GA-U-E, BELOVED WOMAN OF THE NATION~ HER FIRST

HUSBAND THE KINGFISHER, WAS KILLED IN THE ACTION. SHE TOCK HIS PLACE AND NANCY WARD 36

FOUGHT AS A WARRIOR ANO LATER IN RECOGNITION OF HER BRAVERY, WAS MA~E

BELOVED WOMAN • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

INDlAN TREATIES VOLUME 7 (THE CALL NUMBER IS NOT ON THIS

VOLUME, BUT IT IS AT THE ARCHIVES.

UNI TED STATES. STATUTES AT LARGE.

ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT IN 1789 TO MAY 3, 1845

ARR AN GEO IN C HRONt>LOG IC AL ORDER•

WITH REFERENCES TO THE MATTER OF EACH ACT AND To TH£ SUBSE~UENT

ACTS ON THE SAME SUBJECT.

COPIOUS NOTES OF THE DECISIONS OF THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

CONSTRUING THOSE ACTS AND UPON THE SUBJECTS OF THE LAWS Wlllf AN INDEX

TO THE CONTENTS OF EACH VOLUME ANO A FULL GENERAL INDEX TO THE WHOLE

WCRK IN THE CONCLUDING VOLUME TOG ETH ER WI TH THE DECLARATION OF

I N0EPENDENCE, THE ARTICLES OF C0NFEDERATI ON AND THE CONSTI T\JTI ON

OF THE UNITED STATES ANC ALSO, TABLES IN THE LAST VOLUME, CONTAINING

LISTS OF THE AcTS RELATING TO THE JUDICIARY, IMPOSTS AND TONNAGE, THE

PUB~IC LANDS ETC. EDITED BY RICHJRO PETERS, Es~

COUNSELLOR AT LAW;

VOLUME VII, PRINTED 1846.

TREATY WI TH THE CHEROKEE I 1-28-1785, PAGE 18 7-2-1791 PAGE 39

ADDITIONAL ARTICLE TO THE TREATY WITH THEM 7-2-1791 FEB 17,1792 P 42

JUNE 26 1794, PAGE 43

OCTOBER 2, 1798 PAGE 62. OCTOBER 25, 1805 PAGE 93

OCTOBER Z7, 1805 PAGE 95

CONVENTION WITH THE CHEROKEE JANUARY 7, 1806 PAGE 101

EDUCATION OF THE CONVENTION WITH THEM 1-7-1806, SEPT It 1807 P 103 " NANCY WARD 37 PAGE 37

MARCH 22-1816, PAGE 138 CONVENT& ON 3-22-1816, PAGE 138-139

SEPTEUBER 14, 1816 PAGE 148 TREATY 7-8-1817 PAGE 156

FEBRUARY 27, 1819 PAGE 195 OCTOBER 24, 1804, PAGE 228

CONVENTION MAV 6, I 828 PAGE 31 I ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT WITH THEM FE B I 4, I 833, PA G E 4 I 4

DECEMBER 29, 1835 PAGE 478

SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLE TO THE TREATY WITH THEM 0EOEMBER 29,1835

MARCH I ,1836 PAGE 488 * ~- * * ~ * ~ * * * ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~

-ATTAKULLACULLA...... ______... {UNCLE OF NANCY WARD)

Q.UOTATlON FROM BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETiiNOLOGY BULLETIN NO. 30

WHICH IS IN TWO VOLUMES, CALLEO HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIANS

CALL NLMBER AT NATIONAL A~HIVES REF. 512 3 No 30 PART I

ALSO AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BOOK ON BACK NUMBER 386 9/7

,I TITLE "THE INDIANS IN TENNESSEE

ATTAKULLACULLA SEE i?LENN I NGWooo" IN MOONEY.

HE WAS A NOTED CHEROKEE CHIEF, BORN ABOUT 1700 KNOWN TO THE WHITE

PE0eLE AS LITTLE CARPENTER - AS LITTLE CORNPLANTER, BY Ml STAKE IN

HAYWOOD. THE FIRST NOTICE OF HIM IS AS ONE OF ntE DELEGATION TAKEN

TO ENGLAND av S1R ALEXANDER CUMMING IN 1730. IT IS STATED THAT HE WAS

MADE SECOND IN AUiliCRITY UNDER QC0N0ST0TA IN 1798. HE WAS PRESENT

AT THE CONFERENCE WITH Gov GLENN SOUTH CAROLINA, IN JULY 1753, WHERE

HE WAS THE CHIEF SPEAKER IN BEHALF OF THE INDIANS, BUT ASSESTEO THAT

HE HAD NOT SUPREME AUTHOR I TY, THE CCNSENT OF OC0N0ST0TA, THE WAR

CHIEF, BEING NECESSARY FOR FINAL ACTION. THRCUGH HIS INFLBENCE A

TREATY OF PEACE WAS ARRANGED WITH G.:;v. GLENN 1755, BY WHICH A LARGE

CESSION OF TERRITCRY WAS MADE TO THE KING OF ENGLAND, AND IT WAS ALSO

THROUGH HIS INSTRUMENTALITY THAT FoRT DvBBS WAS BUILT, IN THE VEAR

FOLLOWING, ABOUT 20 MILES WEST OF THE PRESENTS SALISBURY, NORTH" CAROLINA. NANCY WAfD 38 PAGE 38

WHEN FORT LOUDON ON LITTLE TENNESSEE RI VER, TENNESSEE WAS

CAPTURED SY THE INDIANS IN 1760 THE MOST OF THE GARRISON AND REFUGEES

WERE MASSACRED, CAPTAIN STUART WHO HAD ESCAPED THE TOMAHAWK, WAS

ESCORTED SAFELY TO VIRGINIA BY ATTAKULLACULLA, WHO PURCHASED HIM, FROM

HIS INDIAN CAPTOR, GIVING TO THE LATTER AS RANSOM HIS RIFLE, CLOTHES

AND EVERYTHING HE HAD WITH HIM. IT WAS AGAIN THROUGH THE INFLUENCE

OF ATTAKULLACULLA THAT THE TREATY OF CHARLESTCN WAS SIGNED IN 1761,

AND TH AT STUART, AFTER PEACE HAD BEEN RESTORED I WAS RECEI VEO BY THE

C HEROKE£ AS THE BR I Tl SH AGENT FOR THE SOUTHERN TRI BES, YET

NOTWITHSTANDING HIS FRIENDSHIP FGR STUART, WHO REMAINED A STEADFAST

LOYALIST IN THE REVOLUTION, ANO THE FACT THAT A LARGE MAJORl1Y OF

THE CHEROKEE ESPOUSED THE BRITISH CAUSE, ATTAKULLACULLA RAISED A FORCE

~ OF 500 NATIVE WARRIORS WHICH HE OFFERED TO THE AMERICANS. HE IS

DESCRIBED BY WM BARTRAM (IN TRAVELS PAGE 482 IN 1792) WHO VISITED

HIM IN 1776, AS "A MAN OF REMARKABLY SMALL STATURE, SLENDER AND

OF DELICATE FRAME, THE ONLY INSTANCE l SAW IN THE NATION, BUT IS

A MAN OF SUPER I OR AB IL I Tl ES, 11 ALTHOUGH HE H,\D BECOME SEDATE,

DIGNIFIED, AND SOMEWHAT TACITURN IN MATURER YEARSy , LOG AN (HI ST(1RY

OF UPPER Sou1lf CAROLINA, VOLUME I PAGE 490-515, 1859) SAYS THAT IN

HIS YOUNGER DAYS HE WAS FOND OF THE BOTTLE AND OFTEN INEBRIATE. THE DAi

DATE OF HIS DEATH HAS NOT BEEN RECORDED, BUT IT WAS PROBABLY ABGUT.

1780. 3EE MooNEY IN 19TH REP.B.A.E. 1900. ~. -. ;, ... ;: ;:- ~--* * * * * ;)j.. >r-

HlWASSEE - SEE No 30 BULLETIN.

THE NAME OF SEVERAL FORMER CHEROKEE SETTLEMENTS. THE MOST

IMPORTANT COMMONLY DISTINGUISHED ev THE CHEROKEE AS AYUHWA SI

EGWAHI OR GREAT HIWASSEE, WAS ON THE NORTH BANK OF HIWASSEE RI VER AT

" THE PRESENT SAVANNAH FORD, AEOVE COLUMBUS, POLK C~UNTY TENNESSEE

ANOTH E:~ WAS FARTHER UP THE SAME RI VER, AT THE JUN CTI ON OF PEACHTREE 39 NANCY WARD PAGE

CREEK ABOVE MURPHY, CHEROKEE COUNTY, NoRnt CAROLINA, SEE MOONEY IN

19TH REP. B • ,, • E • 5 I 2 , I 90 0 •

ANO LONG I SLA~~D WH El~E MY REVOLUTI ONA RV ANCESTOR~

EDWARD WALKER MARRIED MARIA JANE HORN 1790 MAY 1, ON HORSE BRANCH

OR CREEK, ON THE NORTH FORK OF THE HOLSTON RI VER. HE WAS A SON OF

JOHN WALKER ANO SHE WAS A DAUGHTER OF FREDERICK HORN. THIS WAS A

FORMER CHEROKEE TOWN AT THE LONG ISLAND IN TENNESSEE RIVER ON THE

TENNESSEE GEORGIA LINE. IT WAS SETTLED IN 1782 BY CHEROKEE WHO

ESPOUSED THE BRITISH CAUSE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR S ANO WAS KNOWN

AS ONE OF THE CH I CKAMA UGA T:)WN s. IT WAS DESTROYED IN THE FALL OF

1794. SEE R0vcE lN 5TH REP. B A E MAP 1887; MOONEY IN 19TH

REP. B A E iQ 526, 508, l 900.

* * * * * * .. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

NANCY WARD, A NOTED CHEROKEE HALFBREED WOMAN, THE DATE AND PLACE

0 F WH OS E 8 I R Tli AND DE A 1l-i AR E AL I KE UN KNOWN • I T I S SA I O TH AT H ER

FATHER WAS A BRITISH OFFICER NAMED WARD (HER 2ND HUSBAND WE KNOW WAS

BRYANT WARD) AND HER MOTHER A SISTER OF ATTAKULl.AKULLA, PRINCIPAL CHIEF

OF THE NATION AT THE TIME OF THE FIRST CHEROKEE WAR. SHE WAS PROBABLY

RELATED TO BRIAN WARD (11-flS ACCORDING TO ALL OTHER HISTORIANS WAS

NAME OF HER HUSBAND- 2ND MARRIAGE) AN OLD TIME TRADER AMONG THE

CHEROKEE. DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD SHE RESIDED AT ECHQTA, THE

NATIONAL CAPIT._L VIHERE SHE HELD THE OFFICE OF f1B8..0VE0 WOMAN" OR

"PREtlY WOMAN"!' BY VIRTUE OF W-IICH SHE WAS ENTITLED TO SPEAK IN COUNCILS

AND TO DEC I DE THE FATE OF CAPTIVES. SHE DISTINGUISHED HERSELF

BY HER CONSTANT FRIENDSHIP FOR THE AMERICANS, ALWAYS USING HER BEST

EFFORT TO BRING AB~UT PEACE BETWEEN THEM AND HER OY/11 PE~~E, AND

F~~iuENTLY GIVING TIMELY WARNING JF PROJECTED INDIAN RAIDS, NOTAOLV ON

THE OCCASION CF THE GREAT INVASION OF THE 'IJATAUGA ANO HOLSTON NANCY WAID 40

SETTLEMENTS IN 1776. A MRS. BEAN CAPTURED DURING THIS INCURSION

WAS SAVED BY HER INTERPOSITION AFTEK HAVING BEEN CONDEMNED TO DEATH

AND ALREADY BOUND TO THE STAKE. IN1780 ON OCCASION OF ANOTHER,

CHEROKEE OUTBREAK, SHE ASSISTED A NUMBER OF TRADERS TO ESCAPE ANO

THE NEXT YEAR WAS SENT BY THE CHIEFS TO MAKE PEACE WITH SEVIER

ANO CAMPBELL, WHO WERE ADVANCING AGAINST THE CHEROKEE TOWNS.

CAMPBELL SPEAKS OF HER IN HIS REPORT AS "THE FAMOUS INDIAN WOMAN,

NANCY WARD" ALTHOUGH PEACE WAS NOT ™EN GRANTED, HER RELATIVES,

WHEN BROUGHT IN LATER Wl1H OTHER PRISONERS, WERE TREATED WITH THE

CONSI OERATI ON DUE IN RETURN FOR HER GOOD OFFICES. 9HE IS DESCRIBED

BY RGBERTSON, WHO VI SI TEO HER A8 OUT TH IS Tl ME, AS "Q.UEENLY AND

COMM AND I NG" IN AP PEAR ANCE AND MANNER, AND HER HOU SE AS FURN I SHED

IN ACCORDANCE WITH HER HIGH OIGNlit'Y. WHEN ,MONG THE ARKANSAS .,

CHEROKEE IN 1819 NUTTALL WAS TOLD THAT HE HAD INTRODUCED THE FIRST

COWS INTO THE NATION, AND THAT BY HER OWN AND HER CHILDREN 1 S INFLBENCE

THE CONDITION OF THE CHEROKEE HAD BEEN GREATLY ELEVATED. HE WAS

TOLD ALSO THAT HER ADVICE AND COUNSEL BORDERED ON THE SUPREME,

AND THAT HER INTERFERENCE WAS ALLOWED TO BE DECISIVE EVEN IN

AFFAIRS OF LIFE AND DEATH• ALTI-fOUGH HE SPEAKS IN THE PRESENT TENSE~

IT IS HARDLY PROBABLE THAT SHE WAS THEN STILL ALIVE, AND HE DOES

NOT CLAIM TO HAVE MET HER. HER DESCENDANTS ARE STILL FOUND IN THE

CONSULT HAYWOOD, NATIONAL AND ABORIG. HISTORY TENNESSEE,

1823, BY RAMSEY, TENN 1853. NUTTALL TRAVELS 130, I 821 , CAMP BELL

LETTERS 1781 AND SPRINGSTONE DESeoSITION 1781 IN VIRGINIA STATE

PAPERS VOLUME I, PAGES 435, ~ 436, 1875, APPLETON 's CVCLOPADEA,

AMERICAN 810G. Mo0NEY IN 19TH REP 8 A E PART I 1900 NANCY \VARD 41

WATAUGA, IS A NAME OCCURRING AS THAT OF TWO OR MORE TOWNS IN THE OLD

CHEROKEE COUNTRY ONE WAS AN IMPORTANT SETTLEMENT ON WATAUGA CREEK,

A BRANCH OF LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER, A FEW MILES BELOW FRANKLIN, IN

MACON COUNTY, NOR'TH CAROLINA, ANOTHER WAS TRAD I Tl ONALLY LOCATED AT

WATAUGA OLD FIELDS ABOUT THE PRESENT ELIZABETHTOWN ON WATAUGA RIVER

IN CARTER COUNTY, TENNESSEE. THE NAME IS ALSO WRITTEN WATOGA, OF

OR WATTOOGEE, WHATOGA ANO ETC. SEE MOONEY IN THE 19TH REP. 8.A.E.

546, 1900 SEE ROYCE, IN 5TH REP. B.A.E. MAP 1827,

WATPHA DPC PF 1899 QUOTED BY ROYCE

WHATOGA, MENTI ONEO BY BARTRAM, TRAVELS 371 , I 792 IN NoRnt CAROL I NA ---~-- .. --- QUOTATION FR)M VOLUME 2, BY JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE, TENNESSEE

VOLUNTEER STATE: ST~TES NANCY WARD WAS BORN 1740

ANO THAT HER FATHER WAS SAID TO BE A BRITISH OFFICER NAMED WARD.

HER MOTHER WAS A SISTER TO THE CHIEF AND VICE-KING: ATTA-KULLA-KULLA

SHE WAS THE SI 8YL OF THE CHERvKEE.

THE FOLLOWING IS THE PUBLISHER OF 80-JK ENTITLED: "SPRING PLACE

WHICH IS WRITTEN ABOUT THE SECOND HUSBAND OF NANCY WARD, AND

DESCENDANTS OF HIS SON JOHN BY A FORMER WIFE WHO DIED IN EUROPE

TH Is Is THE ADDRESS: COOPERATIVE PUBLISH ING COMPANY, GUTHRIE,

OKLAHOMA. 1T Is STATED THAT BRYANT WARD AND NArcv WARD SEPARATED

SOON AFTER THEY WERE MARRIED. ----- .... - APPLETONS ENCYCLOPEDIA AND BIOGRAPHY

VOLUME 4 PAGE 275

JOEL BRYANT ftJAYES CHEROKEE CHIEF BORN IN 1HE CHERCKEE RESERVATION

IN GEORGIA OCTOBER 2, 1833. HIS FATHER WAS WHITE ANO HIS MOTHER WAS

OF MIXED BLOOD AND DESCENDED ON THE PATERNAL SIDE FROM JAMES ADAIR " AND INDIAN AGENT UNDER GEORGE 111. JOEL BRYAN MAYES WAS REMOVED IN HIS

VOUTH TO THE CHEROKEE RESERVATION IN INDIAN TERRITORY (THIS WOULD NAi~CY WARD 42

MEAN HIS MOTHER EllZABEll-f ~RTI N, DAUGHTER OF (GEr.JERAL) JOSEPH

WAS GRADUATED AT THE C H ERO KEE MALE SEM I N ARY I N I 856 ( I 856 )

ANO TAUGHT UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR, THRCUGH WHICH HE

SERVED AS ~UARTERMASTER IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. HE RETURNED TO HIS

HIS FARM ON GRANDE RIVER IN 1865 (SEE WHERE THIS RIVER IS

LOCATED WAS COUNTY COMMISSluNER AND CHIEF CLERK OF THE CHERJKEE

CGURT FOR MANY YEARS AND COUNTY JUDGE FOR TWG TERMS. WHILE HOLDING

THE LATTER OFFICE HE WAS CHOSEN ASSOCIATE AND SUBSEQUENTLY CHIEF

JUSTICE OF THE SUB PREM E COURT. IN AUGUST 1887 HE BECAME CH I EF OF THE

CHEROKEE NATION.

JAMES ADAIR IS WRITTEN UP IN APPLETONS ENCYCLOPEDIA ANO

BIOGRAPHY. AS AN INDIAN TRADER AND AUTHOR LIVING IN THE 18TH

CENTURY- HE RESIDED AMONG THE INOIANS, PRINCIPALLY THE CHICKASAW

ANO CHEROKEES FROM 1735 TJ 1775 ANO IN LATER YEARS, PUBLSI SHED THE

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN INOIANS, IN THIS HE ATTEMPTED TO TRACE THE

DESCENT OF THE INDIANS FROM THE JeNS , BASING HIS ASSUMPTION ON

THE SUPPOSED RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN THE C USTGMS OF THE TWO RACES.

"JAMES ADAIR" CC PIED FROM OICTI ONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY

1709-1783. PI ONE ER I NO I AN TRAD ER AU 'TH OR I S SA I D

TO HAVE BEEN BORN IN COUNTY ANTRIM IRELAND, THE DATES GIVE

ABOVE AR£ MERELY CONJECTUARAL• THE KNOWN FACTS OF HIS LI FE ARE FEW.

GATHERED IN THE MAIN FROM THE PERSONAL INCIDENTS NARRATED IN HIS

BOOK: THE H I STO RY OF THE AM ER I C AN I ND I ANS I 77 5 •

ADAIR HISTCRY AND GENEALOGY 1924 PRINT BY J. 8. ADAIR GIVES MANY

BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS PURPORTING TO BE BASED ON FAMILY TRADITION BUT

FEW OF THEM ARE VERIFIABLE BY ANY AVAILABLE RECORDS. HE WAS HIGHLY

~DU~ATED. BY 1735 HE HAD COME TO AMERICA PROBABLY ENTERING AT THE

PoRT OF CHARLESTON, ScuTH CAROLINA. IN THAT VEAR HE ENGA~ED IN NANCY \VARD 43 PAGE

TRADE WITH THE CATAWBAS ANO CHEROKEES CONTtNUING WITH THEM UNTIL 1744.

HE THEN ESTABLISHED HIMSELF AMONG THE CH I CKASAWS WHOSE VILLAGES WERE

ON THE HEADWATERS OF THE YAZOO IN MISSISSIPPI WHERE HE REMAINED FOR

ABOUT SIX YEARS. 1751 HE REMOVED TO DISTRICT NINETY-SIX, THE PRESENT

LAURENS COUNTY, Sount CAROLI NA AND RESUMED TRAD£ WI TH THE CHEROKEES.

REMAINING TH~RE UNTIL 1759.

HE IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN MARRIED AND TO HAVE HAD SEVERAL CHILDREN

ANO ALSO TO HAVE OIEO IN NORTH CAROLINA SHORTLY AFTER THE CLOSE OF TH::

REVOLUTION. ~------......

No OF VOLUME NCT STATED BUT DATED 1893 OF THE

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Afv1ERiCAN HISTORICAL ASOOCIATION PAGE 420

REFERS TO GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN.

VII. THE CHEROKEES AND THE REVOLUTION. ON THE 9TH OCTOBER 1775 THE

VIRGINIA COMMITTEE OF SAFETY MADE JOSEPH MARTIN, GENTLEMEN, A CAPTAIN

OF THE PITTSBYLVANIA MILITIA WITH THE OUTBREAK OF THE KEVOLUTICN AND THE

INCREASINGLY THREATENING ATTl~UOE ASSUMED BY THE CHEROKEES, THE REAL

LIFE WORK OF GENERAL MARTIN BEGINS (SHOULD COPY BALANCE OF THIS)

PAGE 420 ALSO REFERS TO ADAIRS HISTORY OF AMERICAN INDIANS.

REFERS TO J. H. LOGAN, HISTORY OF UPPER Soulli CAROLINA PAGE 206 ABOUT

TENNESSEE GARh.lSONS AND RJGSEVELT1 S \VlNr-.ltilG GF THE W£ST VOLUME l ,P 55

PAGE 422 COLONEL MARTIN TH I NSK THE LI 17LE CARPENTER (MEAN s ATTACULLAC ULLA

WAS ONE OF THE CHIEFS WHO HAD ACCOMPANIED OR WALKER Tu ENGLAND.

EARLY 1776 THE INDlANS BEGAN A DEVASTATING WAR ON THE WHOLE FRONTIER.

ONE PARTY ATTACKEQ AND BROKE UP THE SECOND POWELL'S VALLEY SETTLEMENT

JUNE 1776, AND AN~·THER UNDER THE LITTLE CARPENTER, M.6.DE AN 0NSLIUGHT

AGAINST Sou"Tri C AR0Ll NA AND THE SOUTHERN PART OF NORTH CAROLI NA• TH£1 R

PRO,.!f:CTE!:D ATTACK ON WHAT IS NOW NORTHERN TENNESSEE WAS REVEALED TO

Tr~C: W;.·HTF.S THRCUGH NANCY WARD, WHG ON THIS OCCASION, NOBLY 010 MORE NANCY WARD 44

THAN THE WORK OF A POCAHONTAS.

THERr. WERE LIVING AT THIS TIME AMONG THE lNDIANS TWO WHITE MEN,

WILLIAM FAULIN OR FALLIN, A HORSE THIEF WHO HAD FLED TO THE INDIANS AND

HAD MARRIED A WIFE THERE ANO ISAAC THOMAS A TRADER. THESE MEN,

INSPIRED BY NANCY \VARD, STOLE AWAY FROM THE l ND I ANS, TRA VE LEO I 20 Mt L~S

ANO GAVE WAR·· WARNING TO THE WHITES. Now WHY 010 NANCV WARD BETRAY THF.

PLANS OF THE INDIANS? SHE WAS A HALF BREED AND BEING NEARLY ALLIED

TO SOME OF THE CH I EFS H AO I N TH I S WA V GO Tr EN THE I R SECRETS. SHE WA ~

THE MOTHER OF BETTY WARD, WHOM WE FINO LIVING WITH GENERAL MARTIN, THE

NEXTVEAR AS HIS WIFE. WE O NOT KNOW WHEN TiilS RELATION BEGAN. IT

IS VERY REASONABLE TO SUPPOSE THAT SHE ALREADY KNEW GENERAL MARTIN

WELL AS HE HAO TRAVELED AMONG THE lNOl ANS ANO ALREADY FELT GREAT INTER-

EST IN HIM, IF HE WAS NOT VET CONNECTED WITH HER FAMILY.

THE INDIANS WERE UNDER O~ING CANOE A;·JD HAD 700 (MARTIN MANUSCRIPT

OR 800 MEN(SHELBV). THEIR PLAN WAS TO DIVIDE ONE PARTY WASTO ATTACK THE

WATAUGA SETTLEMENT, THE OTHER THE SETTLERS IN THE FORK OF THE

HOLSTON ANO THENC~ PROCEED TO VIRGINIA• BUT THE MESSAGE OF NANCY WARD

HAD DONE ITS WORK.

MENTION IS MADE 0~ 176 MEN OF NOR1li CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA TROOPS BUT

MOSTLY VIRGINIANS, RENDEZVOUSED AT EATON 1 S STATION, SIX MILES NORTH

FROM TH£ LONG ISLAND OF HOLSTON ON THE FORT CHI SWELL ROAD- THE IND I ANS

WERE DEFEATED JULY 20, 1776.

WAS N'OT PRESENT IN THE Bfl.TTLE OF THE LONG ISLAND

FLATS OF HOLSTON. THIS OCCURRED SOON AFTER THE BREAK UP OF THE

SECOND POWELL'S VALLEY SETTLEMENT ANO HE HAD RETURNED TO HIS HOME IN

VIRGINIA 1·0 RAISE VOLUNTEERS FOR THE INDIAN WAR •• AL,;ER ICA N HISTORl CAL ASSOCIATION REPORT PAGE 474

S7A.T-.:S G~r-~ERt-L JOSE?H ~./i~RTl N WAS TWICE MARR& ED (DOES NOT MENTION... HERE

ABCUT HI~ ~;~AR::>IAGE TO 8E:TTY WARD, DAUGHTER OF NANCY WARD) HE FIRST NANCY V-JAFD 45 PAGE

MARRIED ABOUT 1762 TO SARAH LUCAS ANO HAD SEVEN CHILDREN~

SHE O I ED IN HENRY COUNTY VIRGIN I A OF SMALL POX• MARCH I 7, 1782 ' '

WE DO NOT KNOW THE EIACT ORDER OF TKESE CHILDREN, IT WAS PERHAPS AS

FOLLOWS:

SUSANNAH SORN 1763 MARR IEO JACOB BARNES \\ff O HAO BEEN IN THE EMPLOY OF

MARTIN AT THE LONG ISLAND OF HOLSTON. HE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN A MAN OF

LITTLE CHARACTER. HE DIED OCTOBER 1832.

IN SMI TM COUNTY TENNESSEE• JUNE I 6, 1844. COLONEL MARTIN CESCRI BED

HER AS A WOMAN OF GREAT PERSONAL VIORTH • THEY HAO ONE SON PROBABLY OTHEr

CH I LOREN•

WILLIAM MARTIN WAS BORN IN ORANGE COUNTY VIRGINIA ll-26-t765; DIED

OF PLENRISY IN SMITH COUNTY TENNESSEE I I ,4-1846. HE WAS A FARMER, AND

HAD EIGHT SONS AND TWO DAUGHTERS. HE WENT ON EXPEDITIONS AGAINST THE

I NOi ANS WI TH SOME OF COL VIM C AMPBE'" LL t S MEN, I 781 WAS IN POWELLS VALLEY

1785. HE WAS SENT TC MIDDLE TENNESSEE VI A KENTUCKY 1787 IN CHARGE OF

A COMPANY OF MEN BY N.C., HE THEN RETURNED TO VIRGINI.A, MARRIED AT AGE

25 ANO REMOVED TO TUGALOC, PENDLETON Dl&TRICT SouTH CAROLINA. 1791

AND LIVED UNTIL 1798 THERE, WHEN HE MIGRATED TO CUMBERLAND SETTLEMENNZ

AT -DIXON 1 S SPRINGS SMITH COUNTY TENNESSEE AND LIVED BALANCE OF LIFE

--THE NEXT CHILO ELIZAGETH MARRIED CARR WALLER, DlED 1805 L£FT 4

CHILDREN BRICE BORN 1770 DIEO 1856 MARRIED MALINDA PURKINS IN SMITH

COUNTY TENNESSEE 1811 POLLY MARRIED DANIEL HAMMACK, MARTHA MARRIED

WM CLEVELAND, N/\NCY MARRI EC ARCHELUS HUGHES.

GENERAL. JOSEPH MARTi N MARRIED 1784 TO SUSANNAH GRAV£5, SHE DIED 1837

AGE 74, THEY HAD ELEVEN CHILDREN, PERHAPS AS FOLLOWS.

JOSEPH MARTIN BORN i785 KNOWN AS COLONEL JOSEPH MARTIN MARRIED SALLY

HUGHtS BORN 1792. ~ M~~~ER OF THE VIRGINIA ASSEMOLV 1809 NANCY WARD 46

{HERE COPY BALANCE)

PATRICK HENRY MARTIN ONE OF HIS CHIL~HE:N WAS TAKEN TO TENNESSEE BY HIS

HALF BROTHER BRICE MARTIN ANO AS EDUCATED av WILLIAM MARTIN AN~

8RI CE IN LAW• ...... - .. - ...... - -- ...... - -

LETTER FROM MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE SEPTEMSJ::'t 10

J956 IN RESPONSE TO ONE I WROTE ASKING FCR INF~RMATION REGlRDING NA~CY

WARD AND THE MARTIN FAMILY STATES:

I 00 W.ISH I COULD GIVE YOU INFORMATION CONCERNING THE MARTIN AND 'l}Af!D

FAMILIES, BUT I 00 NOT KNOW OF ANY THAT WOULD BE A DESCENDANT OF Nt.NCY

THE POCAHONT-S OF TENNESSEE. You WRITE LAWSON McGEE LIBRARY.

KNOXVIL~t, TENN. ANO I AM SURE YOU WILL FINO MUCH INFORMATION. NANCY

WARD I BEL~EVE WAS LIVING IN POLK COUNTY NEAR BENTON, TENNESSEE.

You ALSO WRITE MR. LILLARD IN BENTON, TENN. l OELIEVE IS PRESIDENT

OF THE HISTORICAL Soc I ETY OF POLK C :)UNTY TEi-.N. SIGNED BEN STICKLEY HINES 47 PAGE

PAGE 1 POLK CO TE:NNESSEE RECORDS: #1 The reason I am giving this pension record of a Connecticut soldier of the Revolution is that he mentions one Michael Hildebrand, who I believe was a resident or P0:.~~ county Tenn and is so widely written-up in various Tennes~9s histories which is as follows: (He is also mentioned in Cc:~r;·~-1 of Polk Co Tenn.) JOSEPH RUNDEL OF CONNECTICUT SERVICE R 8582

He applied in Broome 'County N8 w York August 30 1832, sta~5-:::.g he was age 70 then and resided at Sandford in Broome County that he enlisted at Horse neck on the town of Greenwich Connecticut on Long Island Sound on-or about 1 Feb 1778, for the term of Three years in the Continental service - I was then enlisted by Charles Bush a continental recruiting

officer. He was called CRpt Bush. I never joined any company or regiment and. cannot tell in what company or regiment I did enlist, not being able to recollect the reason is this on the day or day after I enlisted, G0 neral Putnam whose headquarters were at Reading Connecticut was visiting horse neck one of his out post. Ho saw me at that place at what was called the Picket Fort. He told rre I looked too youngo I was then in my 16th year, to go into the line and said he would take me as his waiter. I told him I should like it. He took me with him

to Bush the per p.011 who enlisted me told him he should take me

as his V11ai ter>. I then went tnto his service in that capacity.

A few day a aft3r I enlisted the British being a part of Geberal Tryons forces, I ~0lieve attached our men our men had stationed

nenr tl:'1 r:loeting house a cannon or two, which fired upon the en0my, t~.:~•- ~hey ~3.:;,proached in so great force and so near that Page 2 POLK CO TEN1\f #1 PAGE 48 General Putnam ordered his men to retreat and save them the best they could. He also retreated on his horse at full

speed pursued closely by the British horse. He rolled?

down a £light of stone steps the top of which were abo:J.t 60

rods, (I should think) from the meeting home. He d:.::=: :-:.ut ride dcwu. more t ban 15 or 20 of them (There being I tr:-J.:_~-: about 100 of them, in the whole) or he then dis-- still and let down the horse as fast as possible. I 'Vl1aa at tre bottom of the steps as soon as he was. He thnn mounted his horse , to tell mo to make my escape to

a swamp not far off' and he rode off by this time the Er5_t~. tiJ-i

horse who had gone around. Ho put? by the usually traveled road come in sight in P_____ I run towards the

swamp, one of the Dragoons ( I thin.~ there were six who come round the hill) took after me, as I was getting ove~

a stone wall, he ov0 rtook me. He hollov1ed n Stop you little devil or Ill take your head of'f". In attempting to get

over the wal 1 my Fott stepped. vVe struck my lef't arm with his cutlass and inf'licted a wound, the scar of which is

still visible. I ij.ere hollov1ed. He toolt me to Kings

Bridge near New Y0 rk City, from thence I was sent with othsr s

to tr.a.e SUGAR HOUSE vi1it in the city of NP.w York and then confined. I remained there about three months as I was

young and em.1.:1 of my age they permitted me in the day time to be ou~ and I was sent to bring water am do chors Some others of the prisoners were also

J,.. ,. ,1._•o out .. ~~: . It was the custom at night to

ch-::ck ··.:i.) t~~~c r:.aLJJ8 wore called over and come take .. to whose

s.:l 1;· jr_~ j_-~J" : hnd gained tho confidenco of a HESSIAN Page 3 POLK CO TENN. #1 •

11 SOLDmR NAMED I\1ICHAEL HILDERBRA1TJ)11 • He could speak broken E..-riglish. He was one of our guard at the Sugar Hou.se

I proposed to him to go off with me. He at first dee.; iJ1::;:~ saying tm t they would catch and shoot him. He finall:r consented and we agreed upon a place. Where he stood sentinql,. ( &t being dusk when our names were called ove-P ·,:,

~ ~ • ""·w·~·./ go in the lock up) He secreted ma under his watch claek I 11, .. ,•.:.. my name was called he saild that I had gone in" after c.a:r::: we started from the Sugar House and went with all haste out of the City about 3 miles on the Hudson River. We then made a Float of some posts we procured from the fence and some slabs and barrels and got over the river on the J 8 rsey side and the we slept on the bushes. Early next morning we went to a house. They asked us to come in. We declared as we were lousy. They brought us out some victuals, We then made our way to West Point where we arrived next day ab::,ut dark. The name of the person to whose house we stopped as above was EPHRAIM DARBY. I have known him smnce. Ho lived in Cairo Groen Co, New Ynrk and died there about twenty years since. I staid at West Point two days. They gave myself and Hilderbrand some new clothes. From Wost Point I went with Hilderbrand to Horse NPck and there again went into G~neral Putnams Service as waiter. I staid there at ~he about five weeks. General Putnam then

\vent to \1V0st Point. I went then also on one of the baggage waggonr.),. I 0ontinued at Vvest Point as such wai tor till I - f"'J~-. the timo of my discharge G n Putnam 0 hrtd ;')IJ[_:J J'1·,1.:.c-. so\le weeks from West Point to Connecticut ..., POLK CO TENN #1 arrl was .. I have taken sick as I was in formed arrl did not again join the army. · Previous to my dischirge I was sick from or tit for duty tor about six weeks. My brother i~ law

T jp ,as Kpjmspm w jp was t jem om t je serboce at West @¼pomt wrpte tp ,u .fatjer omf:i;r ,ed Jo, pt .u soclmess. sppm ef~J~

,u tatjer came to West Point with my d1scarge whic~ he~ :. 1._:_ procured from Gen Putnam. He then being in Connecticut~

The discharge was signed by Israal Putnam, and I t'b.i~-( ·rr-1 aome other officer. I kept it until my father• a hous<➔ w~ ~ - ..,, des·troyad · by tire in Caine, Green Co NAw Yf'\rk; about twenty years sitlee, My dischat- ge was burned at the sane time in the house.

I do not know or any person living by whom I can prove my service. The said Johnson removed to Ohio some 17 or 18 years since some where on the Licking river. He was quite an aged man when he removed, whether now living or daali I know not. HILDERBRAND lived with my father about

six years am he died. My father and mother are both dead. I was born on the 20 day ot Aug 1762 in the town of New Fairfield CJ ot Fairfield , Conn. After having

the serhice lived there until about l ~fay 1780. When I removed to Oblong Three miles from Salisbury Furnace? Cotj.,n. \¥hen I resided about 20 years. From thenco I ...,, removed to Cqine,Green C New York. when where resided t"'\

( h0 ~tr:.J r\:j ~a.aol Hildebrand died, but it may be probable as his pension was rejected~ that is PAGE 51 "Q.OOTES FR)M -CLAIBORNE PROGfESS: OF 8-8-1957 TAZ&IB..L TENNESSEE" _ ~2.... ~0- lf":!R.0JJ)_"~u1o!Jl_MJ_5!IJ:.E!.. f.O~ .LN_t!~! SQ.U!T'f. lNQ.t!.NA

WHAT UNIVERSITY OF TEN~ESSEE ANTHROPOLOGISTS BELIEVE MAY BE THE

EARLIEST ~RESERV~ti~"GUIDEP MISSILE ~VER FOUND IN THE EASTERN UNITED

STATES·HAS BEEN UNEARTHED AT a WOODLAND INDIAN VILLAGE s10~·,N TENNESSEE.

THE ANCIENT 11MI s1'i.t_1" AN ·er INCH Pl-£CE OF_ CANE A•Ro.WSHAFT-. TURNED TO

CARBON BY BURNING, 'lfAS FOUND BURIED FIVE FEET DEEP AT THE CAMP CR£EK SITE

. . GREENE COUNTY. THIS \ll·LLAt.E SITE WAS INHABITEG> av WooOLAND INDIANS.

THOUGHT TO B£ THE PR£HISTORIC ~ORERUNNERS OF MODERN ALOCON,UIAN TRIBE

SOME 100 YEARS BEFORt CHRIST.

ARROWHEADS HAVE BEEN F'OUND BY THE BUCKETF'UL ALL ACROSS TENNtSSEt. Su-r-

ANTHROPOLOGIS,-S COUN1"' AS A RARE F,IN~ 1'."HE DISCOVERY OF TKE WOODEN SHAFT

TO WHICH THE POINT WAS FIXED.

THE CARBONIZED ARROWSHAFT WAS DUG UP BY ARCHAEOLOQISTS WHO FOR THE PAST

THREE YEARS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATING THE GREENE COUNTY INDIAN VILLAGE SITE

Uf\DER THE DIRECTION OF U-T ANTHROPOLOGIST T.M.N •. LEY/IS.

A COMBINAT,ION OF CAR60NIZATION ANO A MASS OF MUSSEL SHELL FOR A

COVERING PROBABLY-ACCOUNTS ~OR THE 2,000 YEAR OLD PREStRVAtlON JOB,

THE ANTHIOPOLOGISTS SAID.

THE SHAFT SECTION, REPRESENTING ROUIIHLY THE REAR THIRD OF A COMPLETE

ARROW. INCLUDES TH£ NOCK IN WHICH THE BOWSTRING RESTEO. THE NOCK WAS

MADE JUST OEYOMD A~. JOINT IN ORDER TO PREVENT TH£ STRING FROM

• S8LITTING THE CANE. IN FASHIONING THIS PARTICULAR ARROW, THE WOODLAND

I ND I ANS USED A SHORT-JOINTED VARIETY KNOWN AS "SWITCH CANE11 WHICH GROWS IN

THE UPLANDS.

THE U.T ANTROPOLOGISTS FIGURE THAT TENNESSEE WooDLAND INDIANS WERE

USING THE BOW ANO ARROW SOME 1000 YEARS BEFORE THE CAMP CREEK ARROWSHAFT

VJAS SU~NEO. f.XCAVATIONS AT STILL EARLIER INDIAN Vil.LAGE SITES IN THE

ST.'\TE' $:10\\' TH~T THE SPEAR WAS THE PRINCIPAL 11 GUIDED MISSILEn UNTIL PAGE 52 ilJ2.T~_F~M .£L!l~O~NE PROGRESS TAZENELL TENN 8-8-1957

A GENERAL DECREASE IN THE SIZE OF STO~E ~OINTS FOUND AT EARLY INDIAN

SITES IN TENNESSEE SUGGESTS THE GRADUAL CHARGE-OVER TO THE SOW AND ITS

GREATER MISSILE-THROWING POWER, TH£ U•T SCIENTIST SAID. THE LARGER

POINTS FOUND IN EARLIER EXCAVATED SITtS "WtR! UNDOUBTEDLY FASTENED TO

SPEAR SHAFTS LARGER IN DIAMETER 'tHAN ARROWSHAFTS." THEY EXPLAINED.

A DATE EV£N EARLi ER THAN 100 B. C • MAY BE ATTACHED TO THE

CARBONIZED SHAFT, THE ANTHROPOLOG&STS SAID• IT WAS FOUND AT THE LEVEL

A FOOT OR SO DEEPER nlAN A RADIOCARBON SAMPLE WHICH DATES BACK TO A

CENTURY BEFORE THE Bl RTH OF CHRIST'. NANCY WARD Page sa. VOLUME II. Q,U

a period 21 years been the attorney7 general of Carolina, to his knowledge or the lawa or the realm he united a thorough acquaintance with the sentiments am needs of the Southern colonies. His le gal acquirements am needs or the Southern colonies. His legal acquirements, business habits, familiarity with the conduct of colonial affairs am unquestioned probity admirably qualified him for the prompt and efficient discharge

of the duties appertaining to the gubernatorial office - He

was also a gentleman of·courage, whoso honesty of purpose and

strict adherence to duty e could be shaken neither by threats nor by offers or personal gain. Although assuming the reins of government in the sunlight ot peace, ho was destined to encounter the storms of the Revolution, and. in a brave adherence to the cause of his roya.1 master, to suffer arrest, banishment from the colony, mortification, and loss. It was his lot• to preside at an epoch full of doubt and trouble. Duriag his administration the political ties which -united Georgia to the mother countr_y were violently sundered, and a union of American colonies was formed which in after years developed into a Republic the.n which there now exists no more "' go"1ernment in the sisterhood of nations. Throughout QUaI'ES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I By C.C. Jonas Jr. Pag ------:.a. ------PAGE 54'" his official career, despite the difficulties which environed. ha was at all times f81thful to his trust, courageous in the performance of his duties, wiso in the administration of govern tal affairs, and sagacious in his political views and sugges tions. The more closely it is scanned and the more intelligent ly it is comprehended, tho more pi-aiseworthy, from a loyal standpoint, appears his a conduct. Georgia may well be proud of the capabilities and reputation of the third and la. st of her royal governors.

Through the conciliatory and prudent course adopted by Governor Ellis the province had escaped collision with the Indian nations, and avoided participation in the controversy between the Virginians and the Carolinians on the one hand am ~ the Cherokees on the other, which culminated in bloodshed and ruin. A reference to the ls ading events connected with this war waged on the confines of the province, in which Georgia was urged to join, may not be deemed inappropriate. Upon the reduction or Fort Duquesne the communication between Canada and the French settlements in the South was seri ously interrupted~ and nay Indian tribes, formerly 1n alliance with Prance, submitted to the victorious arms or Great Britt.in. Having burned their houses and destroyed their works~ the

French, descending the Ohio River, sought roruge in the strongt holds which they had erected beyond the Cherokee mountains Thus was the threatre of war transferred to a more southern latitude, and thus were the baleful influences or the French exerted more directly upon the upper tribes of the Cherokees. An unfortunate quarrel between some Virginians and a party of PAGE 55 PAGE 55 3'•:A. g_UQI'JS_Ff!O! ,!!I.§.T.Q.RX ~F_GA CHAPTER I BY C C Jonas Jr. these Indians served to precipitate hostilities and to excite wide-sp~aad dissatisfaction in the breasts of the aborigines. Responding to their treaty engagements in the expedition against Fort DuQuosne the Cherokees sent a consider able number of their warriors to assist the Britllsh. While returning home through the back parts of Virginia, many of them having lost their animals, they captured such horses as they found running at large in the woods, little supposing that they ware trespassing upon individual property. Without

pa.using to redress the injury in a legal way, the Virginians pursued the Indians, killed twelve or fourteen of them, and mde captives of sa,raral others. Provoked at such violent, bloody, and ungrateful usage at the hands of allies whose frontiers they had just been defending, the Cherokees, upon reaching their villages., communicated the intelligent. A wrathtul flame soon spread through a.11 the upper towns. Those who had lost friends ard kinsman were implacable, and breathed vengeance against the English. In vain did tho chiefs attempt to quit the tempest. The young men rose in arms and resolved to seek satisfaction. French omissarios augmented tho ill will, instigated to bloodshed, and furnished weapons and ammunition. The frontiers of Carolina arrl Georgia lay exposed to the inroad of these excited savages thirsting for rovange. . -

The ill-humor of the Cherokee warriors, returned

from the northern expedition, was first perceived by the

garrison of F0 rt Loudoun, consisting of some two hullrlred men under the command of Captain Demere' and Stuart. Wl\ile making excursions into the woods in quest of fresh provisions, the " sr.:i.diers were attacked by the Indians and some of them wero 56 Page ____QUOI'ES ..., ______FROM HISTORY _OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR slain. Thenceforward such dangers tr.&I'eatened the fort that its garrizon was compelled to remain within its walls. All communication with distant settlements, whence supplies were received, being thus cut otf, and there being no accumulation ot tood, the soldiers were confronted with the sad prospect of famine and death. Meanwhile the advanced settlements fell a prey to marauding bands of Indians who ravaged, plundered, burned, and scalped at ploasure. Advised or these acts of hostility, the comnending officer at Fort Prince cr'orge dispatched a messenger to Charlestown to inform Governor Lyttleton that the Cherokees had gone to war. Orders wero at once issued tor the militia to rendezvous at Congarees where the governor~ with such forces as he could ., collect in the lower portion of the province, proposed to join them and to march for the relief of the frontier. Hearing of these warlike preparations on the part of the Carolinians, thirty-two Cherokee chiefs set out tor Charlestown to settle all differences and to prevent, if possible, tho impending strife. Although they had been unable to restrain their young men from committing acts of violence, thoy wero persuaded that the Cherokee nation was largely inclined to

:friendhsip and peace. They arrived in Charle st own before the governor had started on his purposed expedition. A council was called at which Mr. Lyttleton stated to the chiefs that ha was acquainted with the acts ot hostility committed by their nation. and that he was not ignorant of tho hostile intentions they entertained toward the English. He further advised them that ha would soon be in their country, where he would m.~·:xe known his demands and the satisfaction he required. QUOl'ES FROlttl HI~ORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY ,o C JON.ES JR. ______nago.:.,; ------57 "As they had come to Charlestown to treat with him as friends, they should go home in aatety, and not a hair of their heads should be touched; but as he had many warriors in arrns in different parts of the Province, he could not be ans1r11J::."la~Jle f'or what might happen to them unless they marched along i/::~th his army." Occonostota, the great warrior of the Cherokee natior. ~ose to reply, but the governor, being resolved that nothing should interrupt his military expedition, refused to hear his speech, daclined to accept any vindication of the - conduct of the Cherokee nation, arrl would not hearken to any proposals of peace. Although Lieutenant - Governor Bull, who was better acquainted with Indian customs and realized more fully the dangers to which the colony would be exposed if involved in a war with the Cherokee. urged up~n the governor the propriety of listening to the great warrior and of accommodating the pending difficulties, he remained unmoved in his purpose and summarily terminated the conference. This ill-advised and unjustitiable conduct on the part of Governor Lyttleton excited no little displeasure in the minds of the Cherokee chiefs who, having traveled a long distance to obtain peace. so ter :tram accomplishing their .. mission, found themselves denied even the liberty of speech. They were chagrined, and were apprehensive or the future. A few days afterwards the governor set out for the Congre ess, where he had ordered the militia to rendezvous, distant from Charlestown abou.t a hundred and forty miles. Upon mustering his forces at that point he found that his little ~.-,._"=my ~umbered 1400 men. Thither had he been accompanied" QUCYl'ES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPrER I BY C C JONES JR ------Page 58 by the Cherokee chiefs who, under a calm am contented e~terior, burned with disappointment, fury, and resentment.

.'.:'l"') 7 As the army moved forward these chieftains~ witho:...:t _, ...... ~ semblance of right or previous notice, were confined a!J prisoners, and a captain's guard was mounted over them to

}:)revent escape. In this fashion were they compelled to ma:r1h .,_ with Lyttlaton•s forces to Fort Prince Gorge. Deprived of '"" too ir liberty, -- dearer than all else to an Indian,--- outraged beyand all deaency, and forced to accompany an enemy moving in hostile array against their families, triends, and nation they made no etfort to conceal their resentment., and bore in sullenn~ss the base treatment to which they were subjected To add to the indignity, upon the arrival of the army at Fort

Prince Grorge they were huddled together in close confinement in a hut scarcely large eno~gh to accommodate six soldiers. His army being badly armed, poorly disciplined, discontented ard mutinous, Governor Lyttleton resolved to proceed no furth9 into the enemy's country, but sent tor ATTAKULLAKULLA,

esteemed the wisest mn o:f the Cherokee nation and the firmest

friend ot the English, to attend him at Fort Prince G8 orge. Returning from an expedition against the Franch, this aged warrior waited upon tho governor who, in a speech of consider

able length, attar reminding him of the existing treaties of

amity between the English ar:d the Cherokees, the power of the British nation, its recent success in the war against the

French, and tho acts of hostility of late perpetrated by the .. Indians, demanded that 24 members ot the Cherokee nation should he delivered up to be put to death, or to be otherwise QUOTES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR Page

59 ------~------disposed ot as he, the governor, should think fit, "as aatiataction tar an equal number of whites who had 110e:.1 murdeB dered. n

treaties allued to, aa be had participated in making tl-:(~~'-~c While admitting the kindneaa exhibited by tbe province (::..:' South Carolina, he complained bitterly of the cruel t!'ea\~L1ont

hia countrymen had received at the bands of the Virg:tr.d.a ...1.a, a::i and alleged this to be t·he proximate cause or the pr0sE.:::t . ' misunderstanding. Aasetiting his r1rm triendahip for the English, ho promised to use his ittrlruence in persuading the Cherokees to comply with the govei-no~• a demand. He we.a ap·1rehensive, however, that the aatiataction demanded would not be accorded, ard desi~ed that some of the head men, then in cont1rnement in the rort, should be released that they might assist him in persuading his people to respond to the governor's requisition. Finally. he protested that the English were k exhibiting more resentment against the Cheroke-

- .. ---~- keaa than against other Indian nations who had o:ffended them, am instanced the case of two Carolinians who had been slain by the Choctaws, and for whose deaths no satis~action had boen eitter otfered or exacted. Yield1 ng to ATTAKULIAICULLA' S request , the governor release

-ed OCCONOSI'OTA, FISTOE~ the chief man of Keowee Town,

arrl the head warrior of Estatoo. The next day two Indians were surrendered who, in obedience to Governor Lyttletow.a' orders, were at once put in irons. Finding that they were ,. powerless to give the satisfaction demanded by the governor, Page 60 9'U..QTJS_F.fiO!t 1JI§.T~R!. QF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR. the Cherokees departed, A messangor was dispatched to bring

&TTAKULLAKULLA Back to the camp. Upon his roturn the governor at once began to treat of peace, as he was desirous of "finish ing the campaign with as much credit as possible." Accordingly,

a treaty was drawn up and signed by the governor and by six he head men or the Cherokee nation, in which it was stipulated that the "twenty-two chieftains of the Cherokee should ba kept as hostages, confined in the :tort until the same number ot Indians. guilty ot murder, a should be delivered up to the Comrmnder in chief of the Provinco; that trade should ba opened and carried on as usual; that the Cherokee should kill. or take every Frenchman prisoner, who should presume to come into their-- nation during the continuance of the war, and tmt

tl:ey should. hold no intercourse with the Enemies of Great Brittain, but should apprehend every person. white and red,

tound among them who might be endeavoring to set the English and Cherokee at variance am interrupt the rriendship am peace established between them." Having concluded this troaty, tha governor reaolved to return to Cbarleatcsn. The small pox, which was raging in an adjacent Indian town. now appeared in his camp to the ala.rm or the soldiers. ~ew whom had ever been bro11ght in contact wih that distemper. The surgeons, too were unprepared to treat

the malady. Struck with terror the army quickly disbanded.

Each soldier, making his way homeward as best he could., through fear o~ the pest carefully avoided all association with his fellows. Arrived in Charlestown, tho governor was welcomed with PAGE 61 QUOTES it1RO:.·. ~!IST ·:1 Y O~P ·llt c.·•:A :lT~-~'!1 I 9~t G C J:;nos Jr• Pa ~-~e

de!?lonstrati.on of joy~ and the most hao,y consequences were anticipated as the result of his expedition.

Whether the Indian chiefs who signed the treaty stip11le.tn

ions understood them or not is perhaps doubtful 1) Certain :i.-'~

is , however, that tmy utterly disregarded them. The unjustifiable and inhuman incarceration of the chiefs, a~inst whom no charges were preferred ani who had journeyed several hundred miles in order to secure trom Governor Lyttleton peace for their nation, produced a strong 1mprass1on on the mind ot the Cherokees. Occonostota was inflamed with fury

and cried aloud for vengeance. Instead of permitting these chiefs to return horm in accordance with the promise of tho gMernor that not a hair of thoir heads should be hurt,

tho whites confined them in a miserable but where they were allowed to see neither their friends nor the light of day. The allegation that they were detained as hostages was a mere subterfuge. It could not ha:;pon otherwise than that

the sa brave, untamed, independent warriors should, at the

earliest opportunity, resent such base, unmerited, and inhum an usage. Too bonfires kindled in C""arlestown upon the return of G Governor Lyttloton had scarcely turned to ashes when tidings were brought announcing too alarming tact that the Cherokees had slain 14 men within a mile o~ Fort Prince GAorge.

OCCONOSTOTA, collecting a strong party, surrounded that fort am compelled its garrison to seek shelter within its wall3 Finding that he could make no impression upon the work, e.nd ... unable to compel 1ts commanding officer, Captain Coytmore, ...QUOI'ES _.... __,_,FROM ____ HISTORY __ OF GA CHAPTP.:R. I BY C C JONES JR. PAGE 62 who was utterly detested by the natives, to surrenaer his post, this chief contrived the following stratagem for the relief of his imprisoned countrymen. The region being densely wooded, he placed a party in ambush near the river, and then sent an Indian woman, who was always welcome in the fort, to inform the commanding officer that he had an impmrtant communication to make and would be glad to speak with him at the ~iver-sido. Suspecting nothing, Captain Coytmore, accompanied by Lieutenants Bell and F~ster, responded to the invitation. Appearing on tho opposite side of the river, OCCONOSTOTA stated that ha was going t0 Charlest0wn to procure a release or tho prisoners, and would be gl9 d if a soldier cr,uld be detailed to accompany him as ,,, a safeguard. Holding a bridle in his hand·, he added that be would furnish a horse ror the conveyance ·£ the soldier. The captain responded that he should have the guard. Turning quickly about, OCC0N0STOTA swang the bridle thrice around his head as a signal to his men lying in ambush who, instantly

~iring upon the otficers, shot the captain dead on the spot and wounded his two lieutenants. In consequence of his act orders were issued within the fort to put the hostages in irons. While tb3 soldiers were attempting to do this, the chiefs stabbed tte first nan who laid hold of' them a.rd woun ded two more. Whereupon the garrison, exasperated to the highes dogree, fell upon the unfortunate hostages ard butchered them to death in a imnner too shocking to relate.

This massacree brought sorrow a.rd wrath to tho hearts of the entire Cherokee nation. War was resolved upOll. In every direction bands ot warriora, in hostile attire and fully QU

64 to return, without loss or time. to headquarters at Albany. A few weeks afterward he marched to the Congaraes where he was joined by tr.e military forces of the province. A half-blood Indian guide, thoroughly acquainted with the proposed route having been furnished, he pressed forward to Twelve Mile River where he encamped. With a portion of his command he surprised the Indian town of' Little Keowee and put every male inhabitant to the sword. Proceeding thence to Estrltoa, whence the savages had precipitately fled, he reduced to ashes that village consisting of somo two hundred houses. It was well supplied with corn, hogs, poultry, ani ammunition, which the Indians in their haste had been unable to remove. Sugar Town and all sottlemants in the Lower Cherokee nation shared a similar fate. The Indians were completely dismayed and over- wheln1ed. by this impetuous and. powerful incursion. Sixty were kil:.ed, forty captured, and the rest compelled to seek safety amo!lg tm mountains. Having thus accomplished t:00 subjuga tion c-r the region and driven the inhabitants in consternation from '!: l::''3i:~ homes, Colonel Montgomery moved to tha relief of For~ r:~:nce G orga which had been for somo timo so closely ie A inV()t~tcd that its garrison was in great ~ar...t not only of prov:.aion~ but even of fuel.

V5hile trn army was resting at this fort, Edmund Atkin, a@ agei1t. .fo1\ In.dian affairs, dispatched twt:i Indian chiefs to in·:'o:..,r:i. tho Chorokees of the Middle Scttler.:.£rts that by pro:.rc.>tly z,_~ing for peace they might regat11 tho favor of the Eng:'...i.fab .• Cantain Demere' arrl Stuart: co~mand~~ng s.t Fort

Lc"..ld. )U.r:., ~ere notified to use tha1 r bef·~ o.xeri;::.or.. to bring ~ QUOTES FROM HISTORY OF VA CHAPTER I BY C C J01'1ES JR .PAGE 65 aboilt a pacirication among the Cherokees inhabiting the upper towns. Finding that the Indians were indi~pcsed to lay down their arms, Colonel Montgomery determined to edvance furth~r into their territory and to punish them even more severly. ~n axecutinon of this purpose the difficulties oxperfenced by him are thus narrated by the author of "An Higtortcal Account of the Rise and Progress of the Colonies of' Sotlth CaroltnA. an:i Georgia:" "Dismal was the wilderness into which he ei1~ere1, and mav.y were the hardships and dangers he had t0 enco~1nter trom dark thickets, rugged paths, and narrow passea in uhich a smll body or men, properly posted, might harass and tire out the bravos army that ever took the .field. Having on all bands suspicious grounds, he found occasion for constant vigilance and circumspection. While he was piercing through tho thick forest, he had numberless dif.ficult5.es to surmount, particularly from rivers fordable only at ono place and over looked by high banks on each side, where an enemy might attack him with advantage am retreat with sa!'ety. "When he had advanced within tive miles of EtchoeJ the nearest town in the Middle Settlements, he found there a low valley covered so thickly with bushos th..qt the soldiers could scarcely see three yards before th~m, in the middle of which was a muddy river with steep, clay banks. Through this dark place, where it was impossible f'o:, e-:iy number of men to act together, the army must necessart.i.j,"'" 1r':1rch, and therefore, Captain Morison, who commanded, a compa~::r of Rangers well acquainted with the woods, had orders to advance ~nd scour t~.1,.. thicket. He had scarcely entered it when a. number of ~UarEs FROM HISI'ORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR .PAGE 66 savages sprung from their lurking don, and, firing on them killed the captain and wounded several of his party. Upon which the light infantry and grenadiers ware ordered to advance and charge the invisible enemy, which they did with great courage am alacrity. A heavy fire then began on both sides, and during some time the soldiers could only discover the pla ces where the savages were hid by the report of their guns.

Colonel Montgomery finding that the number of Indians that guarded the place was great, and that they wero determined obstinately to dispute it, ordered the Royal Scots. who ware in the rear, to advance between the savages am a rising ground on the right, while the Highlanders marched towards too left to sus~ain the light infantry am gronadiers. "The woods now resounded with horrible shouts am yells, but these instead of intimidating the troops RC9mad rather to inspire them with double firmness and resolution. At length the savages gave way an:i, in their retreat, f'alling in with the Royal Scots, suffered considerably before they got out

of their reach. By this timo the Royals being in tho front, and the Highlanders in the rear, the enemy etretched. away and took possession or a hill, seemingly disposej to keep at a distance, and always ro-tirea.ting as the arn1y advanced. Colonel ltontgomery, perceiving that they kept alo:6f, gave orders to tho line to face about arrl march directly f'or the town of ETCHOE. The enemy no sooner observed this movement than they

got behind the hill and ran to alarm their wives and children.

ttnuring the action, which lasted above an hour, Colonel

Mc;: .. ; ··0mery. who made several narrow escapes, had 20 mon killed 67 QUC1l'ES FRO?v1 HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR. Page

and ?6 wounded. What number the enemy lost is uncertain,

but some places ware discovered into which thoy had thrown

several of their slain, from which 1 t was conjectured that

they must ha\e lost a great number as it is a custom among them to carry t hair dead off the field. Upon viewing the ground all were astonished to see with what judgment and

skill they had chosen it. Scarcely could the most experienced officer have fixed upon a spot more advantageous for waylay ing arrl attacking an enemy according the method of fighting practised among the Indian Nation." This engagement convinced Colonel Montgomery that he could

not, 1n this wild and broken region, mako substantial headway against the aborigines who, driven from one position, were

prepared t-o occupy ancbther. Encumbered by his wounded, whom he could not entrust to the tender mercies of the enemy, and

persuaded that the hardships incident to a further .presecution ot the campaign ware beyond the endurance of his men, he ordered as retreat which was conducted in an orderly manner

in the presence of the enomy hovering near and offering every possible annoyance. As Colonel Mont~omery was preparing to embark with his troops for New York, in obedience to his orders from General - Amherst, tho G,.., neral Assembly of South Carolina, influenced by the dangors threatening the province, memorialized Gover nor Bull, unanimously entreating him "to usa the most pressin -ing instances with Colonel Montgomery not to depart with

~he Kiilg 1 s troops as it may ba attonded with the most perni ~~-··_oua consequences." Represe1~ting to the colonel the ; ·.:..-··t'.nent dangers to which the colony would be exposed, QUOTES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JOl\J'"ES JR • page 68 the governor succeeded in prevailing upon him to leave four companies or the royal regiment, under the command of rcfaj Frederick Hamilton, for the protection or the frontiers. Meanwhile the Indians were ravagin the back settlements and gathering their forces £or wider and more determined hostilttie -ties. The distant garrison of Fort Loudoun, consisting of 200 men had been so long and so closely invested by the enraged

Cherokees that it waswell-nigh reduced to the altarnati va either of perishing by hunder or of submitt-ing to massacre at the hands of the savages. The Virginians had promised to concentrate tor the relief ot this post, but appallod at tho dangors "am the privations incidont to the undertaking they abandoned the project. Deplorable indood was the situa tion of affairs. For an entire month the garrison had been subsisting upon lean horses and dogs, and a scanty supply ot beans stealthily furnished by soma friendly Cherokee wome11.

Blockadod and annoyed day and night by the onemf, the soldiers threatened to leave the fort, preferring to die by the hands or tho Indians rather than perish by famine. In this extremity, all hope or succor having vanished, a council of war was called. Tho officers were of opinion that it was impossible to hold out any longor. A surrender to the Cherokee upon the boat terms that could be securod was rasolvod upon, anj Captain Stuart, an officer of great sagacity arrl address,

W4s detailed to proceod to Chote', one of the principal r~ .. -~'.nn towns in tho neighborhood. There the following terms cf -~r.·pitulation were agreed upon and subsequently signed t-y ·-;:~e commanding officer of tho f'ort and two of the leading QUC1rES FROI\11 HISl'ORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JOI.\1ES JR. page 69 Cherokee-Chiefs:- ,rT!Ja.t the garrison of F rt Loudoun marched " out with their arms ani drums, each soldier having as much powder am ball as their officer shall think necessary for their narch, and all the baggage they may choose to carry;

"-" That the garrison be permitted to march to Virginia or Fort ~ Prince G~orge, as the commanding officer shall think proper, unmolested., and tm t a number of Indians be appointed to escort them and hunt for provisions during their narch: That

such sold. iers as are lame, or by sickness disabled from march

ing, be received inti> the Indian towns and kindly used until

th3y recover, and than be allowed to return to F 0 rt Prince Q-~g

George: That the Indians do provide for the garrison as many

horses as they conveniently can for their march, agreeing with the officers ani soldiers for payment: That the fort great guns, powder, ball, and spare arms, be delivered to the Indians without fraud or further delay on the day appotnted

for the mrch of the troops." In accordance with these stipulations the fort was surrend

ered, ar.d t ha garrison, a ttanded by OCC0N0SI'OTA, Judd' s friend.

the prince ot CHCJl'E', and several other Indians, marched out 11 taking tho route for Fort Prince G- orge. At nightfall the ~ command had journeyed fifteen miles. Having encamped on a plain about two miles from the Indian town TALIQUO. the English were surprised to find themsolves speedily deserted

by their escort. Deeming this a suspicous circumstance. a . strong guard was posted by the O~.ficers. No disturbance o~cu~red during the night, but at daybreak tha next morning a

~ ··•~1er ~rom an outpost ran in tho communicated the 1tt.tell1-

.5--:·~-.c0 that many Indians, painted and plumed tor battle, were , 70 QU011ES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I by C C Jones, Jr. Paa;e ______,______..... - advancing upon the camp. Scarcely had tho order been issued for the mon to starn to their arms, when tho sa.vagos from various quarters and with terrific yells poured in a destructive fire before which Captain Demere'~ three officers, and twenty six privates: fell. Enfeebled, dispirited, and panic stricken, many of the men fled into the woods where t hay were captured. Captain Stuart and those who romained with him were ei sei%ed pinioned, and brought back to Fort Loudoun, where they ware confined. Learning that his triand, Captain Stuart, was a prisoner, ATTAKULLAKULIA hastened to the .fort and, giving his rifle, clothes, and personal effects by way of ransom, pur chased him from his captors. Taking possession of Captain Demere•s house, he there maintained him as a member of his

,I family, sharing his provisions arrl shelter with him. The soldiers endured miserable captivity until they were, at great cost, ransomed by the province of South Carolina. Pending their release, OCCONOSTOTA determined the attack Fort Prince G- orga, am for this purpose summoned the Cherokeo ~ warriors to meet him at Stickoey old town. By accident ten bags of powder arrl ball, which the officers had P secretly buried in the fort to pre~nt their falling into the enomy's bands, were discovered by the savages. This circumstance would have cost Captain Stuart his life had not the interpretor succoeded in convincing t ha Indians that he was ignorant of and wholly unconnected with the concealment of the so warlike stores. Thus possessod of an ample quantity of ammunition, the Cherokees resolved to lay siago to Fort Prince George. A ~ouncil was called at CHC1rE'. ca,tain Stuart was compallod t::. attend. Thore ho was reminded oft ho fact that his life QUaI'ES FROl:Ji HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR. PAGE ___ _, ______- ..... --- 71 had been spared , and was informed that ho arrl his mon must take charge of and work six cannons and two coehorn mortars with which they were about to bombard Frlrt Prince George. He was .further required to address a communication to the commanding officer of that fort demanding its immediate surren der, and threatening, if thia darr.and was not acceded to, thatt the prisoners in their custody would be burnt one after anot~. Thoro1tghly alarmed at hia aituation, arrl resolved not to bear arms against his count~ymen, Captain Stuart determined to imke his escape or to POl"ish in the attempt. This design he privately communicated to his friend ATTAKULLAKULLA, and invoked his immediate assistance. Responding to the appeal, this aged chieftain, in order to free his captive from his ... embarrassments., announced to the Cherokees that he intended to be absent for a few days upon a hunting expedition and that he would take Captain Stuart with him. Moving rapidly day and night through a pathless wilderness they arrived, on the 10th day of their journey, at the Holston River, where they

:fortunately fall in with Colonel Bird, who" with a party of 300 men, was advancing for tr~ relief of such soldiers as had mde thoir escape from Fort Loudoun. Proceeding on until he reached Colonel BiPd's permanent camp on the Frontiers of Virginia, Captain Stuart tho re dismissed the generous chie:f', loading him with presents, entreating him on his return to protect the unhappy prisoners until their ransom could bo accomplished, and praying him to exert his influonco among tho Cherokees for tho restoration of peace. Escaped from tho savagoa, this officer at oneo began to QUOI'ES FROM HISTORY OF 'll~ GA CF~PTER I BY C C JONES JR. Pa12:e 72 concert measures for the relief of Fort Prince G~orge.

Governor Bull was informed of the sad disaster which had overtaken Fort Loudoun, and of the onemy' s disaster which had overtaken Fort Loudoun, and of the enemy's designs against

Fort Prince G0 orge. Captain Thomson, commanding tho militia on the frontiers, was ordered to throw into that fort provisions sufficient to sustain its garrison for ten weeks, and to notify

the officer in char ga of the impending danger• ATTAKULIAKULLA was requested to inform the Cherokoas tha. t Fort Prince Goorgo- '!I was impregnable, and that powder had boen disposed of in vast quantities in its vicinity to blow up any parties who might

assult it. Presents were f'orwardod with which to dedemn the

prisoners at Fort Loudoun, and such of them as survived the 111

usage to which thoy had been subjoctod were released and

delivered up to the conmia.nding officer at Fort Prince GPorge. It was hoped that the treacherous conduct of tho Cherokees

towards the garrison upon the surrender o:f Fort Loudoun would

have been regardod by thorn as satis£action tor the unjust imprisonment and cruol massacre of their chiefs; but the

expectation was vain. Although their lower towns had been

devastatod by Colonel Montgomery, the spirit of the Cherokees was still unsubdued. Hoarkening to the French, who

supplied them with guns a.rrl ammunition and poisoned their

minds with the most iniquitous suggostions against tho English, tho Indians remained int end upon war • Lewis Lat ina.c, a. French officer, proved among them an 1ndefat1gablo instigator to revenge, m1sch1ot, arrl. slaughter.

Persuaded tmt the save.gos wore about to renew tho1r QUOTES FROM HISTCRY OF GA CifAPTER I BY C C J01lES JR. Paga 73 -hostilities------in- greater-- numbers and with undiminished hate, Governor Bull applied a second timo to GAneral Amherst for Assistance. Lt. Colbnel James Grant was detailed with the Highlanders to repair to Carolina and concert measures for the subjugation o:f the Cherokees. Landing at Cl'arJe st own early in 1761 he there encamped with his command. In order that the projected campaign might be productive of the most decisivo results, a provincial regiment was raised arrl placed under the command ot Colonel Middleton. Supplies of all sorts woro accumulated to facilitate the equipment, transpor~ation, and support wk of too army. The sympathies o-r the Cbickasaws,the Catawbas, am-the Creaks wero onlistedby a generou~ distribu tion of presents., • When nmstered, the f'oroes under Col G.,.ant aggregated about

2 1 800 men. Arrived at Fort Prince George on 27 of May, 1761 he was met by ATTAKULLAKULLA, who, renewing his professions of amity, besought the English commander. t.o advance no further with his army until he ascertained whether tho Cherokee nation could not be persuaded to sue for peace. Doclining to comply with this request, Colonel Gt,ant, on the 7th June, put his column of invasion in motion. Provisions for 30 days ware transported with the army. 90 Indians, and 30 woodsmen attired and painted to resemble Indians,_ under tho leadership of Captain Quintina Kannady, marched in advance to scourt the forests. Than came the light infantry which, in turn, wa.s followed by the main body. On the 4th day the locality was reached where Colonel Montgomery had been attacked the year bo~ore. Here the savagos, rushing down from a hill, fired upon the advance guard, which. boing reinforced, drove them Q,1JO?ES FR01'1 HISTCRY OF GA. BY C C JONES CHAPTER I pa~e 74

•back------.-.~- until they recovered their positon upmn tho heights.

Along the toot of this hill tho army was compelled to march tor a considera·ble distance. On the la ft was a river from the optJosite bank of which a large party of Cherokees fired brisk ly on the troops as they advanced. "Colones Grant ordered a party to march up the hill and drive the enemy from the heights, while the line caced about and gave their whole charge to tho Indians that annoyed them trom the aide or tl'le river. The engagement became general end the savages seemed determined obstinately to dispute the lower grounds, while those on the hill were dislodged @ only to return with redoubled ardour to the cmrgo. ., "The situation of tho troois was in several res-pacts deplorable-- fatigued by a tedious march in rainy weather, surrounded with woods so that they could not discern the enem enemy, galled by the scattered fire of savages who, when pressed, always kept aloof but rallied again and again and returned to t re ground. No sooner did the army gain an advantage over them in ono quarter than they appeared in another. While the attention of tho com.'?le.nder was occupied in driving the enemy from their lurking place on the river's sido, tho rear was attacked, and so vigorous an effort made for the flour and cattle t mt he was obliged to order a party back to the relief of the rear guard. From 8 p'clock in tho morning until eleven, the savages continued to keap up an irrogula r and incessant fire, sometimes from one place and sometimes from another, while the wo¢s QUOTES FROM HISTCRY OF GA CHAPTER I by C· C Jonas Jr. pa~e 75 ------resounded -with...... hideous shouts and yells to intimidate the troops. At length the Cherokees gave way; and, being pursued for sometime, popping shots continued till two o'clock when they disappeared." Colonel Grant's army sustained a loss of between fifty and sixty killed and wounded. The casualties encountered by the enemy were not ascertained. The slain having been sunk in the rivor to provont the Indians from finding and scalping thom, and the wounded having been mounted aa upon horses, the army prassod on to :E:I'0H0E which was reduced to ashes. Fourtecr.i.

Indianj towns , constituting the 1.iiddla Settlements of tho

~ Cherokees_ shared a similar fate, arrl the women and childr:a wero mercilessly driven .from their homes. Tho entire region was desolated. For a whole month did Colonel Grant remain in the heart of this Indian Territory. He then retired to Fort Prince Gnorge where he paused to refresh his army am to ascertain the effect which his recent punishment would exert

upon tlE mind of the Cherokee nation. There he was waited

upon by ATTAKULLAKULIA and several Cherokee chiefs who, after

alluding to the severe sufferings of their nation arrl protesting their datormination to have nothing mare to do with

the French by whom they had baon sadly doeaived, desired a restoration of peaceful relations with the English. Treaty stipulations look1118 toward a general pacification were then prepared and suimnitted, all of which wore a,;roved except one article, proposed by Colonel Grant, which contemnlated tho

surrender of Four Cherokee indians t ::i be ::>Ut to death in front

0f the army. ATTAKULIAKOLLA having no authority from his poon~o to asset to such a condition, renaired to Charlestown-- QUO?ES FROI.JI HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C C JONES JR pa ga 76 ----'IU.th his-- companimns- to interview Governor B'J.11 and ascertain whether he would consent to the abror.sation of this demand.

A council was called by the governor at Ashley Ferry who there delivered the following address: 11 Attakullakulla, I am glad to see you., and as I have always heard of your good behaviour, that you have been a good friend to the English., I take you by the hand, and not only you but all those with you also, as a pledge for their security whilst under my protection. Colonel Grant acquaint~ mo that you have applied for peace. Now that you are come, I have met with my beloved men tc hear what you have to say, and my ears are open .for that purpose." A fire having been kindled and the pipe of peace lighted, all present smoked tor some time solemnly and in silened. At length Attakullakulla arose and thus spa1re to tho governor arrl council:

"It is a great whllo since I last saw your Honour. Now I am glad to seo you and all the beloved men present. I am come to you as a messenger from the whole nation. I have now seen you and smoked with you. and I hope we shall live together as brothers. When I came to KEOWEE, Colonel Grant sent me to you" Y:::u live at the water side ar.d are in light. We are in darkness, but I hope all will yet be clear with us. I have been constantly going about doing good, and though I am tired, yet I run come to seo what can be dono for my peoplo who aro in groat distress." Hero he produced the strings of wampum he had received from tho dif~erent towns of the Cherokee nation, all denoting an earnest dosiro.. for QUOI'ES FROM HISTORY OF GA CHAPTER I BY C · C JONES JR. page ._.. ______77 peace. Continuing., ha added, "As to what has hap~1ened I

believe it has been ordered by our Father above. We are of a dif'f'erent colour from the white people. They are superior to

us. But one God is father of all and we hope what ia past

will be forgotten. God Almighty made all people. There is R not a day but some are coming into and others are going out of the world. The great King told me the path should never a be crooked, but open for every one to pass and repass. As 6 we all live in one land, I hope we shall all live as one people Thereupon a treaty of peace was formally ratified: all

presont uniting in the hope that the friendship this re established would continue as long as the sun shone and the rivers ran.Y ---foot n6ta 1/ Sae An Historical Account of the RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE COLONIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. VOLUME 11, pages 214 254 VOLUME II NATIONAL ARCHI\1ES WAR RECORD PAGE 78 JOEL BRYAN MAYES, J-ENERAL STAFF OFFICERS, CORPS, DIVISION

AND BRIGADE Sl'AFFS, NON-COM. STAFFS AND BANDS, Et-rr,rsTED I~N

STAFF DEPARTIVIENT , S. S. A. CONFEDERATE

HE WAS A PRIVATE ALSO MAJ--:R AND Q,UARTER.MASTER SEE ALSO 2 Cherokee Mounted Volunteer He was on duty in the Trans - Mississpppi Department. as shown by list of February 13, 1865 Where on duty, 2 Cherokee Regiment. District, Indian Territory.

Appointed by Gen D. H. Cooper, Sept 13, 1863

He was bonded. and bond forwarded to Richmond December 3, 1863 INSPECTION REPORT OF J B Mays, Assistant Quartermaster, of F~rst- Indian Brigad8, Cooper's Division~ District of Indian Territory Report dated Camp Kincaid, c. N. July 27, 1864 - Remarks; bond not accepted, capacity good He was on the Staffard Acting Staff of the 1st Indian Brigade Roster Dated Mount Pleasant. c. N. Feb 18 1865 ' appointed by General EK Smith, July 13, 1864, signed by Brig General~ Watie. date assigned 2-26-1864

On Roster, as A A QM, 2nd Cherokee, appears on roster of General staff, 1st Indian Brigade, Indian Division, District Indian Territory not dated2' Date of appointment or or assignemtn 2-26-1864.

Remarks: A G M 2nd Crarokoo Regt. Assigned to dnty as Brig AG M by Col Watie, recommended for appointment~ ----A paper in this file as follows:

!'General: I have the honor in obedience to Genl Orders No - PAGE 79 JOEL BRYAN NIA.YES continued: HEAD\IIUARTERS FIRST INDIAN BRIGM>E CAMP C01'J$0R OT 9-13-1864 No 53 Adj and Insp Generals office - Richmond Va June 17 1864 to apply for the appointment of Joel B~yan Mayes to tra position of Brigade QlTARTERN!ASTER with the rank of Major of Candry to be assigned to duty with my Brigade which in the original orgF.nization bear date of Jan 12 1864. The Muster Rolls f0r which have been made out arrl forwarded to the Adju and Insp General office but the receipt thereof not acknowledged Otter muster rolls are being msde out and wi 11 be forwarded. He was then age 29. and was born in the Old

Cherokee· Nati on, East of Mississippi, Citizen of Chero1i:ac

Nation, Date of assignment Juby 13, 1864, in service since• September 13, 1862. Application for appointment as Brigade QuarterMaster with rank of Major of Cavalcy • ., Joel Bryan Mayes entered the sar ice of the Confederate states on 13 Sept 1862 as AL G 1~ of Bryants Battalion. on 3 Feb 1863 whon the 2nd Cherokee Regiment was formed out of Bryans Battalion arrl five companies attached to the 1st Cherokee

Rgt. was aprointed a G M o:f the Regii-cent - recommended for appointment to Brigade Quartermaster - F~rst Indian Brigade ~~rch 12 1864 arxi 2nd appointment July 6 1864, assigned to duty as Brig

~ M by G8 n E Kirby Smith 7-130 1864 ar.d and recommended. tor warded to R1chmond Va • Is a man of excellent moram character am good business qualifications. He can give any bond necessary signed Very Respt. from Stand Viatie, Big, :&r11u GAneral Canedy 1st Brig Coopers Division, Dist. Indian Territory signed on the otmr side by General S Cooper, Adj Inapt General · R~chmond Va. His bond in the sum of $20,000.00 was signed by himsolf and Joel Mayes Bryan and Joseph Lynch Thompson at Choctow~Nation P0~~yville C N 10-15-1864, alsn signed Stand Watie Princi;al Cniof Cherokee Nation PAGE 80 JOEL B MAYES of F & S Company 2 Cherokee k Mounted

Volunteers, formed by the addition of five companies from the l Regiment Cherokee Mounted Volunteers to the 1 (Bryan's) Battalion Cherokee Partisan Rangers.

QQI»-- CONFEDERATE SOLDIER on Field and staff muster roll of the organization for Feb 3 to June 30 1863 dated June 30 1863 Date of Commission or regimental appointment, Sept 18 1862 station at Maysvil e, Arkansas. was acting both as Qr Master an:1 Commissary PA,E 11lUOTATIONS FROM VOLUME I. BULIBI'IN 30 part ~ -- 81 BtJR.6;AU OF AMERICAN :&:I'HNOLOGY, HAh"I> BOOK OF AMERICAN INDIANS CALL NUlvlBER AT NATION.AL ARCHIVES: S 12, .3 No 30 part l .... Joel Bryan Mayes, A prominent mixed-blood of the C,_ er okee tribe and twice principal chief or the nation. He was born Oct 2, 1833, in t:ts old. OhErokee Na-on. naar the present

CARTERSVILLE, GEORGIA. Bia father, SAMUEL MADS, was a white man from Tennessee~ while his mother, NANCY ADAIR, was of

Mixed blood, tl1e daughter of Walter Adair, a leading tribal officer, arn grand daughter or John ADAIR, one ~e of the ADAIR brothers, traders among the Cherokee before the Revolut ion • The boy removed with the rest of his tribe in 1838 to Indian Territory., where he afterward was graduated from tm mle seminary of Tahlequah, and after a short experience at teaching school, engaged in stockraising until the outbreak of' the Civil War in 1861, when he enlisted as a private in the

First Confederate Indian Brigade, coming out at the close of the war as quarterms. star. He returned to his home on Grand river. He returned to his home on Gram river and resumed his former oc~ation, but was soon after made successt vely clerk of the district court, circuit judge (for two terms of 10 years in all), associate justice, and chiet justice of the CHERuKEE supreme court. In 1887 he was elected principal chief

of the Cherokee N8 tion, succeeding D W Bushyhead and was reelected in 1891, but died in office at Tahlequah, Dec 14,

of that year, being succeeded by C~l CJ Harris, Chief Mayes was of fine physique, kindly disposition. and engageing

personality. He was three times married, his la st wife having been Miss Mary Vann of a family distinguished in Cherokee history. PAGE 82 QUOTATIONS FROM ''lENNESSEE DURING THE REVOLUTION BY WILLIAMS

"HENRY TIMBERLAKE OF THE MEMOIRS, SEEMlNGLY RICHARD TIMBERLAKE

INFLUENTIAL DESCENDANTS YET LIVE IN OKLAHOMA.

ANOTHER DESCENDANT, A GRAND DAUGHTER MARRIED MICHAEL HILDEBRAND, WHOSE

NAME IS PRESERVED IN "HILDEBRAND FORD" OF OCOEE RI VER, WILLIAMS

IN HIS BOOK 11 EARLY TRAVELS IN lliE TENNESSEE COUNTRY, PAGE 460. IN

CCiNFI RMATION OF PARTS OF THE ABOVE, THERE IS Q.UOTEO FROM A LETTER WRITTEN

BY 8.~ET STARR TO THE AUTHOR BEFORE HIS DEA1M OF THE HISTORIAN OF TH£

CHEROKEES, THE FOLLOWtNG:

"I AM ~UITE CERTAIN THAT THE FAMILY NAME OF TIMBERLAKE DERIVES FROM

LT HENRY TIMBERLAKE. LEVI TIMBERLAKE MARRIED NANNIE TAYLOR A GREAT

GRAND DAUGHTER OF" NANCY WAR) OR "GRANNY" WARD, THE CHIGAN OR BELOVED

WOMAN OF THE CHEROKEES. ALLISON WooDVILLE TIMBERLAKE, THEIR SOLE SON

AND HEIR WAS A ~RAOUATE CF THE NATIONAL CHEROKEE MALE SEMINARY, ANO ., SER 11ED FOUR YEARS IN THE CuNFEOERATE ARMY UNDER CvL ANO GENERAL STAND

WATEE. HE MARRIED MARGARET LAVINIA ROGERS, A PATERNAL AUNT OF WILL

ROGERS, THE WELL KNOWN HUMOR I ST. Ex-UNI TED STATES SENAT~:R ROBERT L.

OWEN IS A GRANO NEPHEW OF OCONOSTOTA." JAN 16, 1928.)

THE HUSBAND OF NANCY WARD WAS 8RY ANT WARD, (NOT HER FATHER) AS

STATED BY GooDPASTUREJ THIS, ON THE AUTHORITY CF GENERAL JOSEPH

MARTIN, WHOSE INDIAN WIFE WAS BETSY, THE DAUGHTER OF NANCY WARD.

SEE CA LEND AR OF TENN. PAPERS, ORA PER COLLECTION PAGE 81.

THE REMAINS OF NANCY 'NARD WERE INTERRED IN POLK COUNTY AND AT HER

CRAVE THE OAUC.HTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION HAVE ERECTED A MAR KER

A CHAPTER '7 THAT ORC.ANIZATt ON IS NAMED FOR HER• SHE APPEARS FREQUENTLY

IN THE PAGES WHICH FOLLOW. QUOTATIONS FROM JOHN HAYWOOD'S HISTORY OF TENNESSEE PRINTED 1891 -----.-i-~------page 41 Quoted. PAGE 83

At the commencement of thre French War, and in the year

1755, when Braddock was defeated in his attem:;t upon Fort Du Queane, the Cherokees were inimical to the English colonies.

Governor Dobbs of North Carolina deputed Capt Wattle to treat with them, and also with the Catawbas. In 1756 he made a treaty offensive and de~ensive with ATTA CULLA CULLA, or the

LITTLE CARPENTER~ in behalf of the Cherokees; he also made a treaty with the Catawbas. The chief of each nation required that a fort should be erected within their respective countries for tho de~ense of their women and children, in case the warri ors should be called away against the French am their Indians allies. In consequence of their applications~ F~rt Loudon was ., built in the year 1757; a garrison was placed in it, am the

Indiana invited into it artisans, by donations of land, which they caused to be signed by their own chier, am in one instance

by Gov Dobbs, of North Carolina. The Cherokees, as late as the year 1759, carried on war, in conjunction with the Virginians against the Franch arxi such or the Indians a.s still adhered

to their interests. Attar the tall of F0 rt DuQuosne, in Nov. 1758, French emissaries rrom Louisiana were sent to detach tlnm if possible, from their connections with the English; am their assiduity and. add~ess, together with some displeasure which the Cherokees had taken at the behavior of the Virginians toward them in conducting the war, gave to the natit>n a strong ,, bias in favor of French propositions. ·col Bird, in 1758, marche -ed with his regiment from Va, and built Fort Chissel, and stationed a garrison in it; he also built a fort on the north SUQ.l'JS_FJ!O! j!AplQOD HISTORY OF TENN- printed 1891 PAC.£ 84 bank of the Holston1 nearly opposite to the upper end of LONG ISLAND. It was situated on a beautiful level, and was built upon a 1-:arge plan, with proper bastions, and the wall think enough to stop tm force of small cannon-shot. Tho gates were spiked w1 th large nails, so that the wood was all covered. The army wintered there in the winter of 1758.

There were no white settlements on Watauga in 1768. Wata11ga signi:fies tho RIVER OF ISLANDS, or the ISLAND RIVER. The

Holston River was known to tho Cherokees by the name of

Watauga. The name was lost, and new one assumed from the following circumstance. Some years before 1158, one Stephen

Holston a resident of that part of Va which afterward bore the name of Botetourt, in his traveling excursions to the south am west; came to the head waters of a considerable river. Allured by its inviting appearance, and by the fertility of the lands on its banks, and the variegated scenery which it presented, as also by the quantity of game which he saw there • he proceeded some distance down the river. When ha returnedam related to his countrymen what discoveries he had made., they called the river by his name. There being two forts, FORT CHISSEL AND FORT LOUDON, some I2rsons were tempted to make settlements between them, on the Watauga River, shortl shortly before the breaking out of the Cherokee War. Aliena ted by the dexterity of French management :from their allies·, the Virginians, who took no pains to secure a continuance of their esteem, the Cherokeea began to show th,ir disinclina tion to the English colonists in 1759. A body of Cherokees, as well as another of Tuscaroras, had aided the colonists QUOTES FROM HAYWOOD HISTORY OF TENN printed 1891 _ PAGE 85 in the reduction or F nrt DuQuesne • Some of the Cherokees in this service had lost t:t:eir horses, and replaced them with· others which tmy tour.a running in the woods. This the Virgi nia colonists resented • Indeed, through the whole campaign, the Virginians had treated them very contemptuously. The Virginians, as a nation. thDugh generous, hospitable, humane, · brave and munificient, like many individuals of the same cast, are little inclined to obtain by condescension and suavity that to which they are entitled by their merits. This sentiment, among those of the lower ranks, degenerates into rudeness. While the French in Louisiana, by their emissaries, were acting toward the Indians in the most engaging and flattering way, and were plying them with the arts of seduction,.,. the Virginians seized this occasion of tho taking of the horses as a fit one to be made subservient to the purposes or their hatred. They fell upon the warriors who were unconscious ot any offense, murdering some and makl:ng prisoners of others. The excessive impolicy of this step soon became vary apparent. A sto:om ot indignation raged in the breast ot every Cherokee~ and burst in act$ or vengeanee upon the devoted frontiers. Governor Littleton of South Carolina, made preparations to forco them into repentance for their desertion. H0 levied a formidabl• army. They sent commissioners to treat with him; ha ordered them into the rear of his army~ under guard for their safety, as was pretended. After arriving at the place of destination they ware shut up together in a hut. The Indians agreed that their chiefs should be retained as hostages until an QUOTES FROM HAYWO'OD HISTORY OF TEmr PRI1'1TED 1891 i,a~e 86 page 43 an equal number ot these who had slain the inhabitants on the frontiers should be given up in exchange for them, a.rx:l. it was further agreed that the Cher okeos should seize and deliver up every white or red nan coming into their country who should endeavo?' to instigate them to war against the English colonists. The hostages were left prisoners in Fort

St. G orge. No soone had the army retired than the Cherokees A attempted by stratagem the release of the hostages. On the 16th or Feb 1760, two Indian women !'f' appeared at Keowee, on the other aide of the river. Mr. Doherty went ·out and accosting them. asked what news? OCONNESTOTA joined them, pretended somo matter of business, he drew from the fort several of the officers to converse with him. He requostad a white man to go with him as a ~ide to the Governor arrl they pr'elmlsed to give him a guide. He then said he would go and catch his horse and threw his bridle three times around his head. At this signal 25 or 30 muskets were .fired upon t re of'ficars trom different ambuscades. One or them was mortally woumed, and the others of them less dangerously. The officer highest in command in the fort., Ensign Milne, ordered the soldiers to shackle the hostages. Thay resisted and killed one man on the spot, whereupon the garrison tell upon and killed every man of the hostages. In the night the fort was attacked., but without erreet. A bottle or poison was .found with one or the dead hostages, probably intended to be dropped into tho well, and several t omaha.wks were .fourxl buried in tho earth.

On the 3:ttd of' March 1'760 the Indians to the number of 200

assaulted w1 th musketry the f'ort at Ninety Six but ma de not QUOl'ES FORM HAYWOOD'S HISTORY OF TENN printed 1891 page page 43 continued 87 the least impression; and ·were obliged to retire with loaa~ burning and ra·vaging all the plantations within their reach o on the .frontiers of South Carolina, North Carolina., and Virginia, and. aa uaual • eoanitted the most shocking bn~bari tiaa. Col Montgom.-y with a detachment of regular tro0ps, jointed by a number ot prov1nc1ala raised in South Carolina, entered the Cherokee country and destroyed al 1 their lo~er t~na. The Cherokee met him near the village of El'CHOE, ani treated him ao rudlly that, though he claimed the victory, ha retreated to Fo~t st. G~orge,- whence ho shortly afterward went to New York. The Cherokee, on bis departure trom the country, in the same year. 1760, invested Fort Loudon. Fort

Loudon stood on the narth aide of the Little Tennessee, and ab about one mile • above the mouth of Tellico• in the center ot what then constituted the Cherokee country. They besieged it till tm want ot provisions compelled the garrison to acce accept the terms ottered to them. Those were a aa:te retreat to the a ettlement a beyond the Blue Ridge. In pursuance o:t tm agreement, the white people, arter throwing into the river their cannon, with their small-arma and ammunition except what was necessary ror h8nting. broke up the .ttrt and colamenced. their march to tba attle.ment to South Carolina. They were autfered to proceed without molestation about 20 or 22 miles, to what 1a now calb d OTY HARLIN'S RESERVE. At

this place about day~bre8 k the Indiana fell ,ipon and des~royad the whole troop~- men. women and children, except

thr'3a mon: JACK: STUART~ AND THOMAS who were saved .. by the QUOTES FROM HAYWOOD HISTORY OF TENN PRINl'ED 1891 Page aa page 44 continued friendly exertions or the Indian Chief called the LITTLE CARPENT:BR (ATTACULLA.CULLA) except, also, six men who were in the advance guard, and who escaped into the white settlement

The surrender ~ tho £ort took place about 7th or Aug 1760 I, Christie, one of the six men who thus escaped, is yet alive arrl residos among the Cherokees. It is said thac b8tNenn two and three hundred men besides women and in this massacre. The Indians made a fence of their .Jl!. b0~1es, but a.fter the close of the war they were, by the ad',..iee of CONOSTOTA king of the Overhill Cherokees, removed and buried ror tear of stirring afresh the hostility of the English traders, who began again to visit them. ---QUOTE PAGE 468 PAGE 89

iUm'ATio~,s 1'"1ftll1:~: Printed 1902 at Ric:r.~ond, va. Volwne 9 VIRGIN"IA lriAGAZI~B (.;l~ TI';:;TCllY' .A. <.:.) BIOGRA.?:1-Y

At a meeting ot t ·-,e r.,r1nc1pal Chlets a.rd ~\arri.ors 01· ·~ ··1?

Cherokee 1~at1on, wtth John Stuart; Ssqu1.re, Su!>er·1ntenden~; of Indian Affairs and etc. at Lochabor, s C October 18,17'i•J.,

(ro: John Stuart 1750-1779 ca1~ to A:·ier1ca with Oglethorv.>e, e.nd in 1763 waa a p;"ointed General A~e7!t &!1d Superintende~t of Indian 1\fta!rs l•o t:.1e So\1t;1ern Department • !•le exercised ca-eat... infl·-!e11ce over the aout~iern Indians, am at the be.~1nn1ng of ti1e !ievoluti on concei \;ed the nlan ot attac~-<1113 the colonieS' trom· t ~;e westward with a lart.. ~e force ot indians, aided by

·aritisl.1 t~oopa. Triia nlan was frustrated by t:1e defeat inflic ted upon trie Indians by ~vier and other-a, a.11d Stuart retur!1ed to .1:;nglam. )

ireae~t: Colonel Donelson, by a~i~i~tnte -·_.t of his excellency t~ Right Honorable Lord Botetourt in behalf of tr•e ~'Jrovi·Jce of Virginia; Alexa~"!der Cameron, deputy Su:-,er1ntendent; Ja-•·es Sl"'l!)&on, Baqu1re Clerk of his 1.ajesty• s Council ot South

Carolina, ~.·-ajor Lacy, from Va, :.:.ajor ·.:;1.l}iaf!"aon, Ca "\t ';ahoon.

Edward ·::i1lk1naon, ¼sq. ar.d Jno Ilamerrar, ~sq. 3esides a great nur11ber of the tac~< inhabitants or the province or South Carolina, and the tollo•:ring chiefs of the C~erolfee :,ation, Oconj s~oto who was head 1

173R tc t::t-1e close of t r.e .Revolution a leading .fig11re in the NANi"Y WARD compilation ad--_;anced age and in great poverty in 1809. Atta-Gulla-Culla was chosen vice-king oft he Chero1(eea under Oconastota in

1738. He was in general ~ friendly tov11ards t:1e 1..1:1.ites. Kittagusta, AttaCullaculla, Keyatory, tiftoy, Te.rrs.!1ino, Env of Tup;alo, Scaliloskie, Chi~ista, Chimista of ;;!.Jntr.v:gal1,

Octacita of Hey1Jassie, and about a thousa:d other Inc15..9_··i.J of the sarr.e nation. John \1atts, David ~lcDonald, Jno Vaust, Interpreter. Treaty, ~onday 22 October. At a congress of the urinci>al chiets of the Cherokee -Nation, held at Lochaber, in t:~;e province of South Carolina, on the 1'7 October 1770, John stuo.rt 1 Esq. his h;.ajesty's A.?;ent tor, and Supt. of the affairs of' t:ie Indian Ne.tion in t· ,e southern., district ot )Jorth America • A Treaty for a cession• his ~ost sacred l·r:.ajesty, Geo?-5e th t}~ird • by the Grace of God of Great I3""1 tain, Fra·:~ces and •• I elarxl, King, defender of the faith ,~c. by tl1e said natl on of C~~okee Indians. or certain lands lying \Vithin t~·1e l.tmits o~ t ~e Dominion or '!a.

:/ih.,ereas by a treat~-1 entered intc and concluded at 1-T.ard Labour tr:.e 14 Oct 1768, ·oy John Stuart esquire, his Ltajesty' s a-~e~t for a:1d su1;,erintendent of t :1e afta-trs or t r.:a Indian r\:ation 1n..f'lab1t1n~ t =1e soutnern. district of :--::_~rth

A•?erica, • rn ta the principal a-1d r 1~11ng c~iefs of the

Cherokee ··1at1on, all t::.c la,~s forJ~rly cla!r1ed by a,:1d

oelongine; t~ the said ~·let ion or Indians lying v,i thin t ~10

of Va t}ie • i..,.ov1nce.I. to eastward of a line, be01nning at t11e bo,1ndary of t:1e ~ovince of '-rorth ~erolina arxl ,;11rginia, ..,·., . Course to Colonel Chisuil~•s Page NANCY WARD mine on the eastern bank of the Great Canawa, ard from thence MOUTH in a straight line to the -•. :,s•· of the said Great Canaway river where it discharges lt1elt into the Ohio river, were eeded

. ' to his most sacred Majesty, his heirs and successors and whereas by the above recited treaty all the lands lying };etween

Holstein river and the line above specified were doterm:t~e•:- •:jc belong to the Cherokee N8tion to the great Loss an:i inco:c,;."'.P(,t~--~0rca ot many of his Majesty's subjects inhabiting the said larrlf.; and representation of the same having been mde to his Majest7 by bis Excellency. the Right Honorable Norborne Baron de Botetourt -ourt his Majesty's Lieuter~nt am Governor General of t re dominion of Virginia, in consequence whereof' his nsjesty has been graciously pleased to signiry his Royal Pleasure to John

stuart, Eaq. his agent for and Superint and.ant of Indian Af:fairs ., in the Southern district of North America, by an instruction contained in a letter from the Right Honorable the Earl of

Hillsborough, one of his M8 jesty's principal secretaries of

State, dated 13 M8 y 1769, to enter into a negotiation with the Cherokees tor establishing a new boundary line beginning at the point where the North Carolina line terminates nm to run thence in a west course to Holsteen river, whero it is inter

sected by a continuation of the line dividing the province of

North Carolina e.rxi Virginia, and thenco a straight course to t the confluence of tm great Canaway arxi Ohio rivers.

Qzit Decembor 12th 17?0 Article 1st Pursuant tmrefore to his Majesty's orders to and power and authority vested in John Stuart, Esquire Agent

tor ar:d Superintendent of the affairs of the Indian tribes in the Southern district. It is agreea upon by tho said.John Stuart Page ,4 NANCY WARD Esquire on behalf at tr• his most sacred Majesty, George the third by the Grace ot God, • of Great B•• itain , France and

Irelard, King, defender ot the faith, and etc. And by the aubacribing cherokee chiefs and warriors on behalf of their said nation in considoration of his Majesty's paternal goodness, so often demonstrated to them, the said Cherok~~ Indians, and t:rom their affection and friendship for thei .. : Brethren the inhabitants ot Va, as well as their earnest ·.. ~ sire or removing as far as possible all cause ot dispute between them am the said inhabitants on account of encroach ment on lar.ds :reserved by the said Indians for themselves ani also ~or a valuable consideration in various sorts of goods I&1d to them by the said John Stuart, Esquire, on behalf of the domirµon of Va, that tm hereafter recited line be ratified -ed am confirmed accordingly, an::l it is by toose presents firmly stipulated and agreed upon by the parties aforesaid that a line beginning wmre the boundary line between the province of North Carolina arrl. the Cherokee hunting ground termim tea am running thence in a west course to a poi:nt six miles east of LONG ISLAND IN HOLSTINS RIVER and thence to said river six miles above the said LONG ISLAND thence in a ff course to the confluence of the great Canaway am Ohio rivers, shall remain arrl be deemed by all his Majesty's white subjects as well as all the Indians 0£ tho Cherokee N~tion the true am just limits and boundaries of the lands 2raserved by tb1 said Nation at Indians for their own proper use ani diving tho sam from the lards ceded by them to his Aiajasty within the limits of tho province or V8 am that his majesty's white subjects as well as all the Indians of the Page , _- NANCY WARD PAGE 93 Cherokee Nation the true and just limits an:l boundaries of the lan::1s reserved by the said li~tion of' Indians for their own proper use ar.d. dividing the same from the ls nds ceded by them to his

Majesty within tlD limits of the province of Va, and that his Majesty's white subjects inhabiting the province of Ve shall not, upon any pretence wbatseever, settle beyond the said line, nor shall tm said Indians make any settlements or encroachmentR on the lands which by this treaty they cede and confirm to his Majesty; ar.d it is further agreed that as soon as his :Majesty' Royal approbation of this treaty shall have been signified to the Governi>r of Va or Superintendent this treaty shall be carried into execution. Article IInd • And it is further agreed upon ard stipulated by tta contracting parties that no alteration whatsoever shall ,. hence forward be made in the boundary line above recited and now solemnly agreed upon, except such as may hereafter be foum expedient ani necessary for the mutual interest of both parties and which alteration shall be mde with the consent of the super intendant or such other person or persons as shall be authorized by his Majesty as well as with the consent arrl approbation of the cmrokee Nation of Indians at a congress or general meeting of said Indians to be held for said purpose ani not in any other manner• In testimony whereof the said Superintendent on behalf of his Majesty and the underwritten Cherokoe Chiefs on behalf of their Nation have signed ani sealed this prosent treaty at the tima am place afar esai d.

JOHN STUART ( L S ) names of Indians see ooxt page: NANCY WARD PAGE 94 CHINISTA OF SUGAR TOWN ( L S ) CHINISTA 'OF WATAUGAH ( L S )

OTASITE HEY WASSIE (L S) OCONISTOTO Y C ( L S) KITTAGUSTA • ( L S ) ATTACULLACULIJ.\ ( L S ) (Uncle-or Great uncle of Nancy Ward)

KEYATOYS MARK ( L S) CHUCJCAl.IDNrAS ( L S )

KINALILAPS do (LS) SKY AGUSTA TUCELICIS ( L S } UKAYONLA ( L S ) TERRAPINO ( L S)

ENCY OF TUGALO ( L S ) SCALILUS KEY OF SUGAR TOWN (LS)

By order of tha Superintend.ant William Ogilvy, Seceetary T'.ti) proceedings of tm above Congress arxi also the said tres:ty wer·e read in C('uncil December 12, 1770. Copy taken at Williams burg June 1776.

----NOTE I. COMMITTEE OF CORRBSPONDENCE

By act dt Assembly passed Feb 2 1759, Edward Montague or the tiiddle Temple, was a.pnointod resident agent for Va in

England. All business with him was to bo comducted, under control of the General Assembly by a Committee of Correspondence composed of Wm Nelson, Thomas ~lelson, Phtlip Grymes and Peter Randolph ( of the countil) ani John Robinson, Payton Randolph

Charles Carter, Richard Bland, Landon Carter, B8 njamin Wallor,

G8 org3 Wythe, and Reibert Carter ~Nichols (of the House of Burgess) See Henning VII paga 276-277, 375-377, 646-647. In 1763 John Blair., Robert Carter, Lewis Burwell and Dudley Diggs wore added to tho committee.

From the earliest pericxi the colony had from tine t,-. time representatives 1n England, but they were generally special agonts sent from Va. book No. 14 at National Archives PAGE 95 QUOTATIONS FROM HOUSE DOCUiilENTS 118: Number 539 Ethnology Bureau 19th Report 1898 Part 1. _5_§t!l .Q0.!!8!:8.!S..a. _2.!!d_S_!S_!i2,_n_ j_l_20.Q !o_l10J: )_

Index - references to ATTA-KOLIA.. KOLLA or Little carpenter.. Agreement with, for building or .torts page 40 --- Attempts to bring peace by 42, 44

--- rescue of Captain Stuart by 44, pa~e 203

TALIWA, Battle ot pages 38,and 384

NANCY WARD , lite 0£ pages 203, 204

Rescue of Mrs Bean by page 490

warning to Americans by her page 47 BRIAN WARD, on battle of Taliwa page 385

MAP OF THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY BY JAMES MOONEY in 1900 l.ahowing limit of original Cherokee claims 2.showing Cherokee Boundary at C1ose of the Revolution 3.showing Cherokee Boundary at final cession

JOSEPH MARTIN ON CHEROKEE TEMPER IN 1786 page 63 on encroachments of' Tennassaeans pa -~e 64 of Cherokee hostility page 62 on treaty signed by P1 ge 61 General Martin expedition against Cherokee under him 65 Martin, on expedition from Va through Cher>koe country Myths concerning Martin 287,454

TENNESSEE: attempted purchase of c,.,erokao ]ands by 1807 Encnoachments against Cherokee by page 64 Incorporation of, in "Territory of the U .s. south of the Ohio Ri var pa .ge 68 --- Local legends of pages 412, 415 -- memorial to Congress by Tenn 76 --- Opposition to allotment project by 114 Production or GOLD in Tennessee 220, arrl 221 · Removal of rort s page 221 Treaty witb. the Cberokooa pa@e 63 and 64 see also Franklin, State of 339, 341 477-479 PAGE 96-A

THE FOLLOWlNG IS Q.UOTED FROtvi THE BOOK ENTITLED "SPRINGPLJCE MORAVIAN MISSION -CHtROKEE NATION" -~ 1E ,\,'ID THE WAR_O FAMILY OF TH!: CHER OKEi: NATf ON 8V MURIEL H. \VRIGHT FROM THE GENE~LO~IC•L NOT£S OF Ml SS CLARA A. WARD ANO OTHER SOURCES COPVWIGHT, 1940 BV MURIEL H. WRIGHT ANO SOLO av Co-QPERATI VE PUBLISHING COMPANY, GUTHRIE, OKLAHJ'.~A THE PAGES Q.UOTEO ARE 55 To 89, T~t.T PART WHICH PERT~r NS To~· THE WARD FAMILY, MOSTLY.

SOM£ 0~ THE INDEXES ARE AS FOLLOWS: GENEALOGY, OF THE LOWRY FAMILY PAGES 8t-86 GENE.LOGY OF WiRO FAMILY 86-89 GHIGUA OR 8ELOV£D WOMAN, NANCY WARD 14-15-55, AND 56

SE~UOYAH,{GEORGE GUESS OR GIST) PAGES 19-23-27-29

GENEALCGY OF WARD FAMILY OF TENNESSEE 96 PAGE Ql.XlTATION FROM SPRINGPLACE MORAVIAN MISSION: PAGE 9b

"IN 1764 JOHN (JACK) VIARD, A NA Tl \IE OF t RELAND , LEAVING THE

SHIP ON WHICH HE HAO SAILS) TO AMER l .. ~A, SET OUT FOR T~E CHEROKEE

COUNTRY. ARRt VING AT S:HOTA (Wt.tlC!-! '1/AS NEAR FORT LOUDOUN TENNESSEE }

HE LEARNED T··1.\T HIS FAlliER, BRIAN 'NARO, FOR VJHOM HE \J/AS ·SEEKING

HAO SEPARATED FROM HIS CHEROKEE VII FE, NANCY WARD, AND NO LONGER LIVED IN

THE CHERCKEE COUI\JTRY. (IN THE BATTLE BETNEEN THE CHERCKEE FORCES OF THE

WAR CHIEF, OCONOSTOTA ~ AND THE cRd:Ks AT TAL IWA, NORTHERN GEORG l" i N

1755 AN INCIDENT OCCURRED IMPORTAf~T IN TrlE HISTORY OF THE CHERGkEES:

NANCY THE DAUGHTER OF CHIEF ATTAKULLACULLA'S SISTER Cf' THE WOLF CL\:J, ·- .. --- WAS THE WIFE OF THE WAR~IOR: KINGFISHER, OF THE DEER CLAN. HAVl~lG

ACCOMPANIED HER HUSBAND TO HELP HIM DURING THE FIGHT WITH THE CR~KS

SHE WAS LYING BACK OF A LOG CHEWING LEAD BULLETS TC M\KE THB\/1 MORE

EFFECTIVE IN RIFLE FIRE WHEN HE '!/AS KILLED IN THE BATTLE. INSTANTLY

SEIZING HIS RIFLE SHE FOUGHT ON '!IITH HIS CH@OKEE COMRADES. FOR H··R

PART IN THE BA TILE, SHE VIAS GI VEN A SLAVE FRO'.: T~E SPO l es OF 'NAR

THUS SECOM I Nt:j THE FI i1ST SLAVEHOLDER IN XYd H8-( NATION. HER SEOND

HUSBAND '~/AS BRIAN WARD. FROM TH IS TH-i.:1E SHE WAS KNO\JJN AS NANCY 'YARD.

NAtCY WARD 1S BRAVERY ANO VALO.R IN THE BATTLE AT TALl'l/A SUBSEQUENTLY

WON HER THE ELECT l ON OF GHIGUA OR BELOVED WO~~AN IN HFk NATI ON.

OUR ING THE WAR OF THE At.:·:Ek ICAN REVOLUT1 ON, SHE LIVED -~T ECHOTA. LOYAL

TO THE AMERICANS, SHE WARNED THE FRONTiEr< SETTLBv1Ei~TS CF ATTACKS

PLANNED BY THE WARKIOR CHEROKEES AND AT Oi"E Ttt-_.·.E SAVED THE LIFE OF THE

AiliRICAN CAPTIVE. MRS. BEAN ., THOUGH FAMOUS FCR HER GRACE AND POISE,

NAr~Y WARD'S t:sUSINESS TALEr~T WON For< HE,-< WEALTH IN SLAVES ANO STOCK.

IT WAS SAID TH~T SHE VIAS THE Flr

INTO THE CHEKOKEE COUNTHY. IN HEI~ OLD A{,E 'JIHEN UNAi:3LE TO ATTEND TL-tE

NATIONAL CuUNC ILS SHE SENT 7 HEk ~YALKING CJ\~~E A,\;D HE;~ VOTE ON

IM?OKTANT Q.UESTIONS. IN TYE CHEi

THUS VGTED THE i~ENUNC IATION OF HER HIGH CFFICE AS BELOVED WGMAN

IN FA VCk CF '/If~ I TTEN CC NSTI 1\JTI ONAL L/,\fJ.

NANCY WARD'S GI VEN NAME \!JAS NC: DOUBT TYE ANGLICIZED FORf-.'l CF HE~

CHEROKEE N;\ME NANYE 1 HI. THIS '.. ,AS Al\~ CLO ?Ea"

CHEROKEE; SIGNIFYING "ONE '!/HO GOES ABOUT." Fr

N~f;j)E CF niE SPIRIT PEG ,-'LE IN C 4ERuKEE MYiH.)

Bk lAN WARD HAD SERVED IN THE BRl Tl SH AkMY OUR I NG THE CC1 LONI AL

WARS IN AMERICA. HE VIAS A OE&;E~DANT CF THE lt

REUTI VE CF AN CFFIC cri IN THE 8kl Tl SH ARMY, SY THE NAi•,.:1E OF 'NARD. 'NHEN

HIS MILITARY SERVlr_.E Et'10ED'? HlS WIFE HAVING DIED IN IRELANO, BRIAN

WARD BECAt~E A TRADE!< At\tilNG THE CH~vKEES. UNOEH A TRI BAL LAW

INSTITUTED AT AN EA~LY DATE NO '1~ tTE tv.\i•j CvULD REMAIN PERti!iANENTL Y IN THE

CHE~OKEE C0lJNTRY ANO HAVE T--tE PKGTECTl UN \_r T:1E CHffiC KEE CH I EFS UNLESS

HE MA RR I ED I N-'T0 THE TKI BE Ai~O fv'A DE H l S H0ME IN THE Tli I BAL DCMA l N.

JOHN \fiA.r

INFLUENTIAL \~MAN r,iviCf·.11.:1 HER PEOPLE 7 THE CYER(,KEES. SHE '!!AS WEALTHY

lN HEi~ OWf~ RlGHT AUD 'UAS :-ilGHLY RESr=>ECTED bCll-i eY T!..;8v·; AND THE

Ai,~ERtCANS, lN HEr< POSITlON AS THE GHl'3UA CR BELOVED ·,110MAN IN HER NATION

NA Tl ON. SHE HER FIRST HLJSbAf~D (T··H: I ND I Ar.1 WHO WAS KILLED IN THE t755 BATTLE SPOKE:,~ OF IN THIS CHAPTER) NAr:ED KINGFISHER·? HAD l'NO CHILDREN:

CA THAR I NE A ND FI VEK I LLE"R. { Q.UESTI ON: WAS TH IS CA THAR I NE TI-iE

PERSON WHO M.\RRI ED HARL IN A~·-~D IS REFERRED TO IN Tt~E LI ST

IN THE FRONT OF TH IS VOLUME AS "CATY H:.RL IN") NAt\:CY AND HER

SB:OND HUSl::$A,·~D BRIAN 'NARD HAD ONE Df\UGHTER: ELIZAuETH WARD

A HALF SI STER TO JOHN WARD. {IS TH IS ELIZAB CTH WHO WAS T~E

WIFE AT ONE Tl~E Or T~E NOTED M GENERAL JOSEPH ~.ARTIN INDIAN

Ar.:: 9\JT FOR TEN YEr,RS ) ?

JOHN REf\.11\INED IN THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY AND r.. 4:ARRtED CATHARINE PAGE GENEALOGY OF 'WARD FAM I LY IN TEN ..;ESSEE PAGE 98

M DANlEL BEST KNOWN IN HER FAMILY AS "KATIE.·r SHE WAS THE ~17

YE4R OLD DAUGHTER OF A SCOlCH~-11AN NAh:iED McDAN l EL Ai'\JD HIS FULLBLOOO

CHEROKEE WIFE CALLED "GRANNY HOi?t->EF< · (THE OLD ENGLISH RECORLS OF

COLONIAL AUTHORITIES BEFORE 1765 REFERRED TO THE PRINCIPAL CHIEF OR

"EMPEROR" OF THE CHEROKEES AS "OLD HOP;'. HIS CHERGKEE N.6-ME WAS SOMETIMES

SPaLED KANAGATLCKO, IN THF RECGRDS. ONE AUTLfQKITATIVE 1NRlTER

THE CHEROKEE WORD "OKOU" (OR U'GUKU} ~1EANING "O'NL." A HIGH TITLE IN

THE OLD TRl~AL GOV~f~MEf\T.

JA~,11ES WARD SR.

JAMES '.YAHD SR. WAS BORN CN. OCTG SER 22, I 785 THE OLDEST SON CF

JOHN :\f\D c-.THAR I NE (KATIE) VIARD. TH I '3 PE;~ I (:D ~s A DANG ERO US TI r111E.

CHEROKEE ·WARHIORS \~1-<£ PrtCVCKEO INTL ;·

TEN~ESSEE. AMER lCAN V~LUNTEEH TROOPS UNDEk t

ONE EARLY DAY 'NRITEK Or\J THE CH&

TION: ILLUSTr

"THE C YERJKEE CH I EF CCC NOS TC TA, i

0N ACCOUNT uF 0LD AGE IN 1782, AND 1JAS SLCC EEDEO 8Y TASSEL.

OCCNOSTuTA, oR "GR'-- UNO H~G SAUSAGE" AS HIS N L:E VIAS Ti"~ANSLA TED.

0 l 8) 1 N t 785. TASSEL WAS A i."/ELL KNC\~N FRt Ef~D DF T~E WHITES. IN I 788

HE VIAS INVITEu T(. THE HEAD"(UARTEHS vf rv1A0vH J:.!d::S HUbSERT. HE

ACCEPTEJ THE I NV I TATI 0N Al·~D \/ l SI TELJ T~E HEAD~li/\,-{Ttr

~~ANO 1W(; MEMBERS lF HIS TRIt3E. AS S0CN AS THEY WEhE WITHIN HIS~~

~~L l NES HUBbEKT H,\D THE/ ~ ...:NVEYEO T~ A VACANT 1-·k USE Al'~D PLACING A~~

~~A MARAUDING t;jAND CF CHERuKEES T(LD HIM Tv ;,l~L ALL (F T"-JE \/!SITING CYERCKEr~s~~

~~CHER(,KEES WHICH HE DID WHILE T~E'YAJC;i-< STC•-..D GUARD AT THE oc:·R." PAGE I GS\JEALGY CF 'NARD FAM I LY IN TEN1"ESSEE PAGE i99~~

~~11-i IS WAS THE ONLY INSTANCE F A HEAD CH I EF CF T'~E CHE'RC·KEES~~

~~BEING Kl LLED OR MURDERED EXCEPT C-NE TIME IN T:-fE" CASE CF A TEXAS~~

~~CHER~KEE CHIEF.~~

~~SCA tTER':O THRCUGHOUI THE CHERLl~~

~~GERMAN A~ ENGLISH SEr fLERS VA-iO H~D M~Rr~~

~~McDANIEL: ADAIR: JOHN 'JIAKD: CLEMENT VANN: DANI EL RCSS: GEO~GE LO'WRY~~

~~AND JTHERS.~~

~~JAMES \t1Atm 1S CH4RAC'TEn Af~O Ablll1Y PRC'JEO THAT HE HAD INHEi~ITED~~

~~THE HADY SPIRIT OF HIS FATHE~ AND WCTriErl. IN HIS MATURE YEARS HE~~

~~SETTLED If~ GEuRGIA WHEliE HE t3ECAME A RES?S:T PLANTATl(..N vNNEk. HI s~~

~~FI KST Wl FE: SA.riAH REODt NG DI ED s~0;·,. AFT~ THE l R MARRl A(;iE. HIS SECvND~~

~~WIFE WAS LUCY HAINY At~D THEY \¥Ei~~

~~JAMES WARD SR. fJt,;EO TC: THE INDIAN TE~RIT~HY DURING THE TIME OF~~

~~T:-tE RB,1(;VAL Cf" THE CHER~KEES FRC:M GE1v,-~~

~~AkRI Vl NG IN THE TERHI T0HY HE SELECTED A FAVCf~~

~~NEW PLANTATION HOME AND \A/AS Pfl;SPERING AGAIN IN THE NATION WEST?~~

~~BEF0RE MANY SEAS(:NS. THE WARD FAi·JHLY BIBLE RECCRDED HIS DEAT~ MAY 20,~~

~~I 859 IN THE 74TH YEAi1 C'F HIS AGE. I AM PREPARS) TO OIE".~~

~~J~tJ1ES \fJARD. JK. 'I/AS 80KN I 1-15-1826 T';E SCN AND NI\MESAKE OF J\~"ES~~

~~WARD SR. AND HIS \JvlFE LLCY HA INY. THE SCN v,~s CiNLY A L',0 WYEN THE~~

~~GREAT TnAGEOY CF THE "T~ IN ~-F TEARS" OCCURRED·. THE CHER\.·-KEES HAVING~~

~~BEEN OR I VEN FRC. M T!..fE Ii< HOME AT THE PO f NTS CF SCLD I ERS 1 BAYONETS.~~

~~M:;ST ( 1F THE EM I Gi1Ar~ TS \'JE~E FULL dLO~. OS THC,UGH MANY HUNDREDS V/ERE OF A~~

~~SMALL DEGREE .... F CHEri\..KEE bLv~o EVEN Mc.;HE L(YAL IF We.KOS CAN DESCRIBE~~

~~THEI K FEELINGS, T0 THE Ir< I ND I AN FR I EhiDS. KI NSr.18~ 4 ~D NATI GN.~~

~~AS A Y'-IUTH JA~JtES VJAS GI VEN EVERY ADVANTAGE CF SCHCOL I NG AFFCriEO IN~~

~~T!-!E UNSETTLED c~.ND I Tlvt'4S LF EA~LY D"YS IN T~E VtEST. WHEN HE REACHED HIS • GENEALuGY vF WARD FAli.'il Ly IN TENNESSEE PAGE 100~~

~~MAJOklTY: HIS FATHEc< CFFEkED T(.. GIVE HIM S...,tlE SLAvES !,ND ESTAbLISH HIM~~

~~T~ 1\T HE KIGHT fvt-,KE HIS (J'J;N LIVINb. "FAT:-tE~ I WISH Y~iu WCULD M GIVE~~

~~i ; ME THE MONEY INSTEAD i-<£PL I ED J.~MES. ;r I VIANT TC Gu TC CLLLEGE. I~~

~~SHUlJLO LI KE TO Pf~~

~~G,~EATLY PLEASED VIITH HIS SON: MR. WARD FUt~ISHEDHIM 'tJITH T!-iE~~

~~NS:ESSARY ~NEY AND SENT HIM OFF TO DWIGHT MISSIC:f\J. AT THATTIME:~~

~~DWIGHT CFFERED SCH"'C-LING IN THE aa,ENT~KY \(\;0 HIGH stHOOL STUDIES.~~

~~MOVED WEST FR~M ITS ur~~

~~COMV. ISSI vNEriS TH IS PRESbVTEH I AN SCHl·\.•l ':/AS ATTENOED r,Y YCUTHS CF L80 I NG~~

~~THROUGH T4E INTEREST AND INFLUENCE OF REV WORCESTEk WILLEY SUPEKINTENDFNT~~

~~OF DARTMGUn-t COLLEGE ATTENDING IN 18~ :..:-t853. ON ACCCUNT CF l~REASING~~

~~ANTI -SLAVERY S9JTIMENT IN TYE NORTH SJUTHERr~ B(;YS \'IHC;SE FA~ILIES WERE~~

~~SLAVE 0\Vf~EKS oEiAN LEA '..Ji NG THE NC.RTuEkN CCLLEGES ~NO SCHOOLS~~

~~(THE 2 ICTt.JRE CF JA ES WARD JR) IS 0N P,\\:iE 59 )~~

~~FAIR HAIKED Yvu~~~ C'➔ Ei~(;t\EE \1AKRIEO M,ss ESTHB< HCYT ALSC Fil OF~~

~~C~ErivKEE OESCE-,T . A TEAC ~Er< AT r'ARK HI LL. S~E '!lAS CF DI STI NGlJI SHED~~

~~ANCESTRY or~ i3CTY s' DES \.F H&< FAt~I LY. HE?. ?ATErlNAL Gf~~

~~REV. ARO HOYT MtSSION:\RY OF THE 4V.£RICAN BCA~CJ T~ TqE CHExcKEES. HER~~

~~MATERNAL GkAND FAT,Ei·< WAS ~JlALJOR GEOnl:iE LCWRY. VET~AN LEADER ANO~~

~~ASSISTANT PRINC I .'AL CHIEF OF THE CHEf~~

~~MAJJ8h GEC~GE LOWRY~~

~~~JOR GEORGE LOWRY 'JIAS c30RN 1770 T'~E se:cND CF SEVEN CHILDREN OF GE: RGE~~

~~L0v.RY SR. A NATI VE CF $:t, TLAf\JD A~D NANCY T--f E FULL 8LCCO · HERC:KEE~~

~~DAUGHTER C·F~~

~~WAS AG I 'LI (HE IS RISI NG} TI-iE CCNTRACT ICN ~F AN CLO CYEROKEE N~~}E... GEi~EALCGY uF '.JJARD FAMILY IN tENr-JESSEE PAGE I 01 AGIN-AGILI (RlSlN~ FAWN).~~

~~MAJOR LOWRY VIAS 0NE GF THE GREAT LE~.DERS CF Tl-IE CqERCKEE NATION~~

~~01.JRING THE CRITIC!\L PEklCu CF ITS DE\/ELOPL'iF;·~T AS A RE1.,UbLIF TYIRTY~~

~~YEARS T,.\T SAW T!-iE ESTAdLIS!-t:.ENT OF ITS CvNSTITUTICNAL GOVERNMENT ! ITS~~

~~DJ.IGRATION TC THE INDIAN TERRITORY AND ITS F0UNDfNG AS A NATION~~

~~WEST. FvR MA~Y YEAi ~~TO A~UT 1820 HE \VAS T0~1'N CHIEF CF V/ILLSTC~:~~~~

~~~~THE 0LD TRI UAL FvKIV vF l:iOVEr~~~~

~~~~HE SIGi-!ED HIS NAfv:E TC MAI\IY IM?0~TAt~T OCClJMEr-~TS IN CHEKC.KEE HIS-~~~~

~~~~T(;RY. ~f~E OF THESE '.YAS THE C~:,M?ACT NEGCTI ATED ARl:UND T~~E "GREAT CCUNC J L~~~~

~~~~FIRE" AT TAHLEQ.UAH IN T~E SLJJMER OF 1843, ESTAdLISHING LASTING~~~~

~~~~"PEACE ANU FRIENDSHIP". ANu SIGNED clY ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES CF THE~~~~

~~~~CHER\._:KEE. I{ CREEKS A~~u CSAGES. TH IS DC:CU;•;:ENT 'NAS PUoLISHED IN AS A LAW~~~~

~~~~CF THE c·,ERJKEE NATICN. IT ~l~r~~~~

~~~~6ATTLES ~!JITH CNE ANOTHER UI\JDEr< T ➔ EIR ANCIENT T~lbAL REGIMES. THE~~~~

~~~~SUCCESSFUL ACCCM?LISHtv'lEf\jT CF TH IS ft.EASU~E WAS LAttGELY DUE TC THE INFLUENCE~~~~

~~~~Af~LJ EFFCf~~~~

~~~~TAHLEQ.UAH. ELECTED i-w'ASTER liF CEkEMGNIES THIS VENERAGLE LEADEK': AT TH4T~~~~

~~~~TIME 73 YE.~RS (,Lu. EX~LA INED T!-iE SYMtiOLISM OF T:-tE WAMPUM Pl PE ~ND~~~~

~~~~TOdACCJ USEL> IN THE (;L[., I Nu I AN PEACE CuUl'\JC i LS. THE THRONG OF MORE THAN~~~~

~~~~FOUR TH~ USA1\JiJ I ND I ANS MA NY ~F THEM T,E OFFICIAL UaEt:iA TES CF 21 NAT IC NS~~~~

~~~~ANu T~l t>ES 'HAS THE LAr~~~~

~~~~Ai1JO DID ML.CH TJ PRvM.., TE FRI E1\DLY ACQ.0AINTAICE Afi.J PEACEFUL RELATIC~S IN~~~~

~~~~THE S~ UTHWEST.~~~~

~~~~WI LL I AM P. RcSS C YEr~GKEE LEAUErl A:~u EU I T~r< \..F "T'~E C ~ERL KEE~~~~

~~~~AIJVOCATE. 11 r'08LI SHEU AT TAHLEQ.UAH Wf~~~~

~~~~LIFELCNG FRIEND AND CvM~AllRIOT UAJ R GEv~GE LOWRY: 8Ei'-jE,\LCGY OF THE WAHD FAMILY OF TENNESSEE~~~~

~~~~KERO I SM THAT FLASH I NG LI KE T~E METEOR OR LI KE THE GLOY/1 NG COMET,~~~~

~~~~CHALLENGES ADi'JilRATlvN Fvk S(1ME INul VIDU/\L ACTS OF Pf()WESS OR SKILLFUL~~~~

~~~~MANIPULATION GF SCME STIRRING EVENT TO \ft/EAVE FRCM NECESSITIES CF MANY~~~~

~~~~GARLANGS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL bKOW BUT HIS APrJEARS Tl HAVE oEEN A~~~~

~~~~Lt FE uF UNWA VEfd N=.:i LJEVLTI ON TO T~E Pkl NC I PLES OF REC I TUDE Af\J{J TRUTH'?~~~~

~~~~HE VIAS NCTID F~f< T'~UTHFULNESS: HIS WORD ESTEBED GC,(;C, AS HIS CA 1l-f:~~~~

~~~~HiS PK0MISE EQUAL T0 HIS bOND. PHYSIC4LLY He: WAS TAL-: WELL DEVELOPED~~~~

~~~~AND (,F DJ GNIFIED CAr~~~~

~~~~N~T A MAN LIKELY TU cE ThEATEU VIITH DISRESPECT dY ANY. NOT PERFECTLY FREE~~~~

~~~~IN THE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HE Hf\D NO SUPERICR IN THE USE OF HIS~~~~

~~~~C'!✓N. HIS DICTION ''IAS CvNSluERED lHE dEST ALWAYS CLEAR !\ND FREE FRCM~~~~

~~~~AMtslGUITlES. HIS PUBLIC CAREER RUNS THRCUGH THE MCST EVENTFUL HISTCRY ,. lF THE CHERJKEE PEOPLE FROM THE ADOPTICN OF THE CCSTUME lND HABITS CF~~~~

~~~~CIVILIZED LIFE DC:WN TC THE PE'RIUO CF HIS DEATH ON CCltBER 20TH 1852.~~~~

~~~~"tiEFORE HE HAD REACHED THE YEARS OF MATURI TY I HE WAS EMPLOYED BY AN~~~~

~~~~OFFI ·ER OF THE ARMY Tv CARRY A DIS~ATCH TG A CCMMANDER IN CANADA WHICH~~~~

~~~~HE ACCCMPLISHED: TRAvERSING TH,\T THEN WAST VIILOERSNESS CN FC-C,T ~ SUCCESS-~~~~

~~~~FULLY auo I NG ALL Et~EMI ES u()l}f G0 I NG AND HETuRN I NG.~~~~

~~~~"T~E Tl TLE OF MAJ.~ R WAS N~:T MEr(ELY AN HGNCRARY uNE: bUT ONE GA J NED~~~~

~~~~oY FAITHFUL MILITARY SB~~~~

~~~~AT THAT TI WE HE LI VEiJ NGRTH IN TENf'JESSEE ON oA TTLE CREEK: 0~ NI CCCJAC K~~~~

~~~~C-0VE ••••• SEVEkAL \.;F HIS CHILur(e~ AITB~DED THE ~HSSl(;N ~HOCL AT L.SRAINEt~~~~

~~~~CHUt{CH (Pr~~~~

~~~~CHURCH HE '-~/AS INSTALLEL) CNE uF THE RULING ELDESrfS, AN OFFICE HE SUSTAINED~~~~

~~~~WITH ZEAL ANu f llJELITY UNTIL THE R0A(;VAL ~-F THE PEOPLE WEST IN r838~~~~

~~~~TC I'#(. AFTER T~E riEMGVAL TLiE CHUHCHES HAVING oEEN REORGANIZED AS CONGRE-~~~~

SSl ftNAL C HUfC HES HE \1AS CHOSEN GNE OF THE uEAC 0NS CF THE Pi\RK Lf I LL ' ' GENEuLCJGY OF THE WARIJ FAMILY uF T9'NESSEE PAGE' 103 I CHURCH , 'Mi ICH tlGSI Tl ON HE. HELD AT THE TIME OF HIS DEATH. ' ' ''MAJOR LC'NRY WAS EVER ~N ACTIVE FR I ENO OF, AND EARNEST

~~~~CO-WORKER WITH, MISSIONARIES. ESrl:C I ALLY \ERE HIS SEi-~~~~

~~~~AS AN INTERP~ETER .... THE bltsLE WAS HIS CGNSTANT STUDY. THE P80?HECIES~~~~

~~~~OF ISAIAH WE.-~~~~

~~~~INTO T4E C HEROl~~~~

~~~~"AFTER THEDEAlH CF •_;~lf\CIPAL CHIEF HICKS, ITWAS DESIRED 8V~~~~

~~~~MANY TO PUCE HIM IN TH,1T POSI Tl C-N, ;.;'-' T HE MAGNANIMCUSLY DB:.Lt NED IN r . . FAVOR OF CNE uEEMED f£;-(E CLMr>ETENT IN M4NY RES~B:TS TC' Fl LL niE OFFICE~~~~

~~~~AND WAS f'L~CED IN T!-iE SEC(Nu POSITION T-tAT OF ASSISTANT PRINCl~AL~~~~

~~~~CHlfF AND EXECUTIVE ADVIS~. IN THIS CAr'ACl1V HE SeRV£o HIS NATION FOR '10ST OF THE TIME DURING THIR1Y YEARS, FREQUENTLY SERVING AS PRINCIPAL~~~~

~~~~CH I EF: AS REQU l RED t3Y THE CONST I llJTI ON . OURI NG THE ABSENCE OF 11-£ ., PRINCIPAL CHIEF.~~~~

~~~~" THE NATIONAL COUNCIL 'M-ilCH VJAS IN SESSION AT THE TIME CF HIS~~~~

~~~~DEATH, DBl1AN0E[) THE CHIEF WOURNER'S PLACE. HIS REMAINS WERE TAKEN~~~~

~~~~FROM HIS RESID8~CE TO THE CAPlTAL OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, VIHERE SY~~~~

~~~~H~VITATION OF THE COUNCIL, REV S A WORCESTER DELIVERED A FUNERAL~~~~

~~~~D t SCOURSE IN T~~E PRESEf-£ E OF BOTH BRANCHES OF THE NATlONAL COUOC I 1..~~~~

~~~~M8',1bERS OF THE EXECUTIVE OEPARlMEt•JT Af~D OTHER OFFICERS ANO MANY~~~~

~~~~CITIZENS OF T~E CHEROKEE NATION. THE ESTIVATION IN '1JHICH THE~~~~

~~~~DB;EASED WAS HELD BY THE PASTOF<, ~E VETEKAN MISSIONARY WOR:ESTER,~~~~

~~~~WHO KNBV HIM 'NEl-L FOR SO MANY YEARS, AND SO LITTLE D ISPO~ED TO~~~~

~~~~FLATTERY, r..-11 GHT BE IN SOME MEASURE JUDGED BY THE TEXT SELE: TEO AS THE~~~~

~~~~TYEME OF HIS REMARKS ON T'~-~T OCCASION-- "Ai'JD HE DID TiiAT VIHICH 'VAS~~~~

~~~~RIGHT IN THE SI 6HT OF THE LORD. n H l S RBviA I NS REST IN THE N.~ Tl ONAL~~~~

~~~~ce11~ETERY AT TAHLEQ,UAH MARKED BY AN A?_JRCPRIATE BUT UNPRETENTIOUS~~~~

~~~~MONUMENT. TH l S IM.JMUM!:f\JT BEARS THE FOLL.O~Nl NG I NS:RI PTl ONS ON FOUR SI DES:~~~~

~~~~"GEORGE LOWERY, BORN AT TAHSKEEGEE ON TENi'iESSEE RIV~ ABOUT~~~~

~~~~1770. DIED OClOSER 2.:i, 1852 AGE 82 YEARS.~~~~

~~~~''ERECTED BY ORDER OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL.~~~~

~~~~"'4ANY YEARS MEMBFR OF THE CHURCH OF CHR 1ST • RULING ELDER OF THE~~~~

~~~~CHURCH AT WILLSTO~, DEACON OF THE CHURCH AT P~RK HILL. HE FULFlLLBJ~~~~

~~~~TYE OUT l ts OF EV EnY OFF IC E WELL • AN HONEST MAN. A Je SPOTLESS~~~~

~~~~PATRIOT A DEVOTED CHRISTIAN.~~~~

~~~~"VISITED PRESIO!:tJT WASHINGTON AS A DELEGATE FCR TL¾E CYERCKEE~~~~

~~~~NATION 1791 oR 1792. CAPTAIN OF THE LIGHTHORSE 1810. MBJ.BER OF FIRST~~~~

~~~~NATIONAL CC~I T IEE CF ,814. ONE~ THE DELEGATION V/HC NEGOTIATBJ THE~~~~

~~~~TREATY OF 1819. MEMBER OF THE CCWITTEE WHC FC~1EO THE CONSTI TIJTION OF~~~~

~~~~&827. ALSO TH\T,. OF t839. ELECTED ASSlSTAi-4T PRINCIPAL CHIEF 1828 AND~~~~

~~~~OFTEN AFTERWARDS. AT HIS DEAlH A MB/lt)EH OF EXECUTIVE COUtCIL FILLED~~~~

~~~~VARIOUS CTHEK PUBLIC OFFICES." LYDIA LtWIIY (LOWRY)~~~~

~~~~IN THE SUMI.Et< CF t~I 6, WHILE ON A VIS IT TO WASHI f~G IN THE~~~~

~~~~INTERESTS CF HIS PECPLE, CHIEF GE(·riGE LOIIRY GF WILLSlt!WN, MET ANO~~~~

~~~~CCNVEKSED WITH RE\J~EfjD CYRUS KINGStiURY A;->,.;·clNTED 6Y THE AMERICAN~~~~

~~~~BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS {PRESBYTERIAN DUTCH REFORMS)~~~~

~~~~C NGREuATIGNAL) 1t BEGIN A MISSIGN AMC.NG THE CHER(-KEES. AS A RESULT,~~~~

~~~~A LIFELP~G FRIENDSHIP WAS ESTAtiLISHEO ·-ND TYE FlHST MISSION CF TYE~~~~

~~~~AMEklCAN BOARD WAS PLANTED ANKJNG THE PEO.·LE OF1HIS EAST SIDE OF~~~~

~~~~CHICKAMAUGA CREEK IN EASTEN TENNESSEE, 1'1X) f,11 LES FRCM TYE GEORGIA LINE.~~~~

~~~~FR:JM I TS FCUNDI NG IN 18 I 7, tsf~~~~

~~~~CF THE A'11EKISAN 8CARD AMONG T:1E SCUTHEASTEHl~ INOIANS, NC.TED F'--k ITS~~~~

FCHOl;L AND ITS WI OE INFLUENCE FOk CH Rt STI AN CIVILIZATION. IN KEEilNG WITH " THE SPIRIT OF 80TH INSTITUTIONS THE MISSl(NARIES AT BRAJNEr?D HELD PAGE -... GENEAL0GY "'F THE WARD FAMILY CF TEi~h·ESSEE PAl:l£ I 05

~~~~THE.MCRAVIAN Bt OFTEN VISITED SPRINGPLACE.~~~~

~~~~AN GLD REC0,~D CF Bt~~~~

~~~~THE PIOUS AND INTELLIGENT DAUGHTER" OF CHIEF GECRGE LOWRY AJ\JD HIS WtFE~~~~

~~~~LUCY BENGE LCWRY. LYDIA '.t'IAS l 6 'NHEI\! SHE JC I NED THE PRESBYTER I AN~~~~

~~~~CYURCH Ai~D WAS BAPTISED AT BRAINERD ON JAN 31 1819. SCON AFTER'JlARD IN~~~~

~~~~A DREAM, THOUGHTS ~CA E TC HER SC., CLEARLY IN bEAUTIFUL WORDS THAT~~~~

~~~~UF'CN RISI NG THE NEXT MORN I NG SHE WROTE ~8t; DCN/r" AS THE FIRST HYMN BY -· . . -'"' A CHEF~~~~

~~~~lN FEl)RUAf~~~~

~~~~Pk l NC ETON AND T:-tE S(A'4 OF REV. ARD HOYT, Ml SSI CNt.RY AT BRA I NERD. EARLY~~~~

~~~~TH:,T s.. '2 St=-RI NG THRCUGHT THE EAR~~EST REQ,UEST CF JOHN F!OSS A SCHvCL WAS~~~~

~~~~WAS ESTABLISHED AT WILLSTOWN ON T:. ➔ E CATuCGA RIVER IN EASTERN~~~~

~~~~ALA ~tv:A. ON A1·'R IL 3, Ml LC Ai>JD LYD lA HGYT SET GUT FRCM BRAINERD~~~~

~~~~TRAVELING- T~ 50 MILES JCvRNEY uVEK THE Ml-UNTAINS ANu SCUTH TC LYDIA'S~~~~

~~~~CLD H0fv1E AND THE NEW rv!l SSI CN STATION , Ml Lt; r~ t.iE 6\'iPLOYED AS TEACHER.~~~~

~~~~THElR FIRST RESIDENCE WAS A g_:iALL LCG CAtHN NE~~ WHICH T:-tE c:;ER~-KEE~~~~

~~~~I:, .... ED I ATEL Y t)EGAi~ TC dUI LD TYE SCHC~L-HGuSE.~~~~

~~~~SCME YEAKS LATEH, Ml LG HC"'rT STUD 18J TL oE A PHYSIC I ~N Af'V IN~~~~

~~~~HIS PR;:FESSION Sffi'v'ED IN T:iE Uf·JION aRIGA!JE, UNuER CC.Pvf,1AND CF~~~~

~~~~CCLONEL V✓M A PH I LL I ?S, EAkL Y IN T,E WAH jET'!FS\j THE STATES. MANY~~~~

~~~~DESCEf\JDANTS CF 3 HOYT Ut~~~~

~~~~IN CcLCN \AL Tlt.,1ES RCSE TC ?CSI Tl ~,NS CF P,i~fvil N ENC F., SOME SERVI NG ~S~~~~

~~~~" CFF IC I~ LS IN T-1E ST:\TES.~~~~

~~~~RE\/ ARD HOYT WAS PAST0R CF T~E eREStJYTER I AN CHURCH ft.T 'NI LKESBARRE~~~~

~~~~P?r•,j,\!SYLVAl~ I A WHEN HE V(,LUNTEER~ FCri Ml SSI CN·\r?Y WCRK AfvlCNG TYE~~~~

~~~~C' ➔ FH;.:KEES 1817 ARRIVING A T SRAtNE~~~~~

~~~~OANL.-Ur-~Y cc; .. NECTICUT GCT 23 1770. MRS HCYT ( ESTHER B: CTH) ~NAS~~~~

~~~~~ 1 :f~N -\ T SCUTHBURY C\J~l\i EC Tl CUT JAN 18 1774. ~EV HOYT DI 8) AT WI LLSTO':'i/N PAGE 1l GENEALOGY vF THE WAi~~~~

~~~~FEo 18 1828. MRS ARD HOYT CCNTINUED lN THE MISSION SERVICE UNTIL~~~~

~~~~1834. ESTHER HOYT 'WAS BORN ATWIL1.ST0WN MARCH 18 1826, THE~~~~

~~~~DAUGHTER CF OR. MILO AND LYDIA (LOWRY) HGYT. AS A CHILO SHE KNeN~~~~

~~~~TYE TRAGIC DAYS vF HER PEOPLE LEAVING TiiElR HOMELANDS OST OF THE~~~~

~~~~MlSSISSI r>PI. SHE ALSO t~~~~

~~~~VENERAeLE GRAl~O FlTHER: MAJOR LOWRY IN THE AFFlARS OF THE NATICN~~~~

~~~~WEHE HER lNT~EST ANO HER LIFE AS A YCUNG Gl~L. IN KEEP.ING WITH T~E~~~~

~~~~IDE'ALS AND THE CHARACTEi< OF ~Ef< FAMILY SHE TO(~ MADE H~ CONTRI BUTICN~~~~

~~~~IN SERVICE Ft..i~ THE ADVANCEMENT OF CHR I STl AN Cl VILIZATIGN. AS A~~~~

~~~~YOUNG WCMAN SHE TAUGHT IN THE PARK HILL MISSICN VJHOSE SUP~INTENDENT~~~~

~~~~WAS THE NuTEO REV SAMUEL A. WCRCESTER~ X: VET8~AN MISSICNAKY TC~~~~

~~~~11-iE CHERGKEES.~~~~

~~~~AFTER THEIR MARRIA~E ON FE8 9 1854 JAi/ES AND ESTHffi (HOYT)~~~~

~~~~WARD MADE THEIR FIRST HCME AT 8EATTIE 1S PkAlRIE lN THE NIGHtiCR-~~~~

~~~~HCGD OF CANAAN MlSSiON. THOUGH JA.!JES VIAS It METHODIST AND HIS~~~~

~~~~WIFE A PriESt>YTERIAN? TuEY HAD ~,~Y LIFELONG FRIENDS AMvNG THE~~~~

~~~~i/iURAVl AN CHURCH MEMbERS.~~~~

~~~~"TI-iE METHC,DlST Et>ISCCPAL CHURCH HAu DIVICJED ALONG Sl:CTICNAL~~~~

~~~~; ' LI NE$, CVER THE SLAVERY Q.UESTI ON, , N 1 845 ANU A SIM I LAR MO VE~~~~

~~~~THREATENS) THE PRESdYTERIAN CHuRCH SERIC;USLY H#v:PERfNG TI-IE ~;RK OF THESE GREAT RELIGluUS ORGANIZATIONS. IN APRIL 1858 MR AND MRS '#ARD~~~~

~~~~J91NE1) THE MGRAVIAN CHURCH. SOON AFTEhWAt(D THE SOCIETY AT SALEM. N.C.~~~~

~~~~APr'OINTED HIM ASSISTANT MISSICNARY TC REV GIL~ERT BISHCP !.T NeN~~~~

~~~~SPRING~LACE. HAVING TAUGHT SuccESSFu_.LY IN T'1E CHE;-~~~~

~~~~3RJTHEH WARD SERVED AS THE TFAC~E,~ CF THE SCHOCL AT TI-fE MISSION~~~~

~~~~OF HIS AblLl1Y AND CHARACTSi. REV t;ISHOP L.\TER WRGTE IN~~~~

~~~~•trtE WAS WB..L FITTED FOK HIS JUTIES AS A TEACHER AND ZEALOUS ~~~~~

~~~~I N THE DI SC HAR GE CF THE SAf:1iE: AS A CHR l STI AN HE SET ~ GCJD EXAMPLE I 07~~~~

~~~~GENEALOGY CF THE 'NARLJ FAMILY OF TEt\JNSEE PAGE~~~~

~~~~TO HIS PEOr-lLE ANlJ 4S MY AS~C IA TE HE \-/AS AFFAuLE Ahlu Ft~~~~

~~~~FROM 1858 MR ANLi MRS WAkLJ M4lJE Ne.V SPRINGrLACE THEIR HOME.~~~~

~~~~(ABOUT &856 JA!-./ES WARU JOINED THE t.,~SQNIC LCDGE AT MAYSVILLE~~~~

~~~~JAMES WA.~•S. SYMjJATHIES 'IJEKE \'IITH TriE Cl:NFEDERATE STATES AT THE~~~~

~~~~OUTBREAK CF THE WAR oETWEEN THE STATES. HE REMA I NED FAITHFUL~~~~

~~~~T~ THE TRUST IMrOSeIJ IN HIM AS A MlSSluNARY CF THE K:RAVIAN CHURCH~~~~

~~~~'.'IHICH HAD ALWAYS l,PrOSEU PAHTJCI ~ATI o,~ vF ITS ME cERS IN '!/AR AN[J HAD~~~~

~~~~TAKEN A NEUTRAL rJuSITluN IN VIEW OF THE IMi'ENDING C(;NFLICT. IT TCGK~~~~

~~~~tSRA VERY AND CCUKAGE Fl.r< JAf,ES '-!/ARD TC: REI\~ IN CARrtY I NG CN HIS~~~~

~~~~PRCFESSICN ANu SPREADING CHlf~~~~

~~~~SPRI NGt=>LACE. BEING CHERCKEE ANu NA TUi~ALLY SYMPATHETIC 'TIITH THEIR~~~~

~~~~RELATIVES AND FRtB~DS THE tslTTER STRIFE TH:\T SUNuERED THE~~~~

~~~~CHEROKEE NATIGN FR().;: THE BEGINNING CF THE 'NAR WAS ESPEC.IALLY~~~~

~~~~DANGE~OUS FliR MR. WAHD AfJD HIS '!ilFE.~~~~

~~~~~~. ***:i:, (C,MM I TTI N .. S0ME ?ARAGtt;\ r>HS At.JCUt T:;E Ct VIL \VAR)~~~~

~~~~DUR I NG lH t S HAZARDuUS Tl ME JA~!·ES \VAKu RB/'91 NED STEAD I l Y~~~~

~~~~AT HIS POST AS ASSISTA,~TMISSIONAKY ..~TNE':ti SPRINGPLACE. HE A.ND HIS~~~~

~~~~WIFE 'NEf~~~~

~~~~LYDIA WARD: CLARA WAHD AND INFANT W TWINS: H~RY WARD~~~~

~~~~Ar.[J WM WARD •~~~~

~~~~CNE DAY IN AUGUST AFTER A HARD DAY'S VJJRK THRESHING WHEAT BY~~~~

~~~~TRAMPING IT THE CLLi METHl.;0 OF ORI \JING H0RESES OVER IT THE~~~~

~~~~COLO~ED MAN HI KEO TuRNEO THE Hu~SES I Nll THE t'ASTURE. .. T TY~ T MOMENT~~~~

~~~~FuU,~ CHERGKEE PINS RODE UP TD Hl~1. HAVING ANNCU~ED THAT THEY~~~~

~~~~WEr~~~~

~~~~~CNFEDERATE SYMPATHIES: THEY CAUGHT ~ CF T!-4E ~EST HC-RSES IN T~E~~~~

~~~~PASTuRE AND ROuE OFF V/ITH THEM. MUCH ALARMED BRCTHER 81SHC? URGED MR PAGE .. GENEALuGY CF THE WARD FAMILY CF TENNESSEE PAGE '-~~~~

~~~~WARD TO HITCH UP A TEAM Af-0 THE '!/AGON AND TAKE HIS 'rl IFE AND~~~~

~~~~CHILDREN TO SAFE1Y AT SILOAM SPfNNGS ABOUT t5 MILES EAST ACROSS THE~~~~

~~~~ARKANSAS Li NE v,HERE THE YOUNG BRGTHER •s REL.A Tl VES LIVED. HE SA l D~~~~

~~~~TH\T HE WAS NOT AFRAID AND THAT HE 'l«JULD RBv1AIN TO HELP BROTHER BISHOP~~~~

~~~~AND HIS FAMILY IN C.~SE OF TROUBLE. A WEB< U TER THE FOUR OTHER~~~~

~~~~~RK HORSES WERE STOLEN. 81 SHOP •S I '7i YEAR OLD SON BlWt N ASKED~~~~

~~~~THE COLOREI> MAN TC LOAN HI S OWN HORSE TO ~ L WARD THAT HE MIGHT~~~~

~~~~WAKE UP A TEAM WI TH HIS SADDLE HO~SE AtiJ TAKE MRS. WARD Af'O THE~~~~

~~~~CHILDREN TO SAFE'N. 11-iO~UGHLY FRIGHTENED BY THE THREAT OF THE~~~~

~~~~"PINS" WHO SAID TriAT THEY WOULD KILL HIM IF HE TOLD THEIR INTENTIONS~~~~

~~~~AGAINST JAMES WARD THE COLORED M~N FLATLY REFUSED TYE REQUEST.~~~~

~~~~TO'NARO EvENING SEt"T 2, 1862 MR. WARD SADDLED UP HtS HORSE AS~~~~

~~~~USUAL TO RIDE OUT ANO BRING IN THE MILK CONS. HIS 7 YE•R OLD SON~~~~

~~~~OAR I US VIARD BEG GEO TO GO 'Nl TH HIM BUT WAS TOLD TH~ T HE COULD NOT "' TH.6.T EVENING. DARIUS WARD WATCHED HIS FATI-fER StANO LISTENING NE4RLY~~~~

~~~~A t-i11NUTE BY HIS HORSE. tHEN (lUlCKLY VAULTING tNTO TrlE SADDLE? WARD~~~~

~~~~RODE OFF TOVIARD THE CREEK !t T A BR I SK lROT. H~ HAD H~RDL Y GONE OUT~~~~

~~~~OF SIGHT WHEN ~ VOLLEY OF SHOTS SOUNDED THRCUGH THE WOODS DOWN BY~~~~

~~~~TuE CREEK~~~~~

~~~~LESS THAN FIVE MlNUitS LATER A PAkTY OF 20 oR 30 CHEROKEE PINS,~~~~

~~~~Willi THEIR FACES PAINTED 1D DISGUISE TH0i.S8-VES SURROUNDED~~~~

~~~~JAMES WAR0 1S HOUSE. WHILE HIS FilGHTENS) FAMILY HUDDLED TOGETHER~~~~

~~~~ON THE PORCH 11-iE I NO I ANS LED BY ONE ViiO SEB.,1ED 1D KNC:vt THE PREM I SES~~~~

~~~~PROCEB)ED TO I RCB THE HOUSE. DARIUS VIARD RECOGNIZED THE VCICE CF~~~~

~~~~T!-iE LEADER Af\O TOLD HIS MlTHEK THAT HE VIAS JESSE HE'NRY. SHE lWE-~~~~

~~~~DlATELY RECOGNIZED HIM. JESSE HENKY HAD OFTE.\J STAYED ~T T~E~~~~

~~~~WA~'S HCME AND 'NA.S FAMILAR WITH THE HC·USE AND PkB!:ISES. IN ABCUT~~~~

18? ~ HE DI ED IT \I/AS SA IO OF REMORSE F~H TYE DEATH OF JAMES 'IIARD. GENEALOGY OF TYE ~~'ARO FAMtLY OF TENf"ESSEE PAGE ; 109 HAVING MADE CONFESSt CN uF HIS PAiiT IN THE TRAGEDY 4T SPRI NGP1...~CE TO

~~~~JOHN B JONES 11-iE BAPTl ST Ml $SI ONA.RY. AFTEi.\ THE '!JAR JESSEE HENRY~~~~

~~~~BECAiv1E A PrttACHEH IN 11-IE tSAPTIST CHURCH AND 'NAS A MEMBER OF THE~~~~

~~~~CHEROKEE NATIONAL CCUNCIL AT THE TIME CF HIS DEAlH.)~~~~

~~~~WHEN THE LEADEri HAD TA EN A L HE '·NANTED HE CAME TO THE DC:i)R~~~~

~~~~ANO SPOKE IN CHEHC,KEE 1D MRS. WARD TELLH~G HER TO GET READY T0 GO WITH~~~~

~~~~HIS ~18'1. SHE SCGN ACCCMPA{'JI ED THEM AWAY FRCf•A HEH HOME? CARRYING~~~~

~~~~' HER INFANT TWINS IN HER ARMS. SHE HAD BEEN REFUSED THE PRIVILEGE uF TAK I Nl:i Ll.C I NOA • THE COLORED MA!~O TO HF.LP HEH. BRC THER~~~~

~~~~BISHOP WAS ALSO TAKEN PRI SCNER '11TH THE PRLMISE THAT HE VIOULD SOON BE~~~~

~~~~ALLOWED T~ RE1\JRN Tu HIS FAMILY.~~~~

~~~~RIDING HORS&SACK MKS. WAttD A~u MR. 8ISHOP WERE TAKEN AWAY ARRIVING~~~~

~~~~AFTER NtGHtFALL AT A POINT ABOUT SEVEN MILES FRCM NE'!I SPF:INGPLACE~~~~

~~~~WHEHE A FE>ERAL OFFICER A WHITE VAN AWAITED THB1 AfiJ HIS CHEROKEE ~ . . .. scours. ~ME THREE WttKS LATER. THE MC,RAVIAN A CHURCH PAPER IN~~~~

~~~~T~E STATES PUBLISHED A LE'rTER O\TEC SEPT 8; FRCM REV GILBERT~~~~

~~~~BISHOP. AT FORT SCOTT KANSAS TELLING HIS STCHY OF THETRAGEOY AT~~~~

~~~~SPRINGPUCE AND THE DISTRESSING CONDITIONS IN THE CHEROKEE NATICM.~~~~

~~~~THE LETTS< READ:~~~~

~~~~" I HAVE BEEN FCRCED TO LEAVE MY POST OF SPRJ NG PLACE~~~~

~~~~ABOUT 75 Ml LES DI STANT.~~~~

~~~~"ON THE 2 SEPT A FEY/ HOURS BEFCRE DARK A CO~t.AAND CF FEDERAL~~~~

~~~~CYERCKEES RL;DE UP Ar~o REQ.UESTED ~ ~ GO '!Jilli THEM Abt.UT 7 MILES ' TG WHERE A WHITE OFFICER OVEr< THEM \'JAS A'IIAITING ME TC- SPEAK WITH ME.~~~~

~~~~MRS • '!JARD WAS A LSv REQ.U I f~~~~

~~~~"SEVERAL GUNSHOTS WHICH WEKE FIRED t1B=CRE THE f.JiEN RODE U,=>,~~~~

~~~~CGNVINf.:ED ME THAT THAT MR. WA~ MY AS&.C IATE MUST Pr~~~~

~~~~KILLED. cu~ POUK SKCTHEH FELL THUS AT HIS PcST Ai\:D SHCULO BE~~~~

~~~~HONORED IN TH .... T HE 'NI SHED lt SHARE tHE cor~llaCN DAN~EH \¥1 TI-f ME. BY T4'=-'~~~~

~~~~MEh'CY C:F GOO, THRvUGH THE FA V(~ CF THE CHE;~C- KEE PEC PLE V/HC' '!/OULD NC T HA Rf·~~~~

~~~~HAi~1 THEIR WHITE MISSION~RY THEY Ct\RttlEO W£ OFF TC PUT ME IN s.,FETY.~~~~

*+;·-.YHEN I LEFT IT WAS THCUGHT I C(;ULD RETuRNE AGAIN 8UT THE CFFl 1:ER F

~~~~FCRtjlD IT, ON THE GRLUND (;F THE SAFETY CF THE VlCMEN AND CH I LOREN '-~MC~~~~

~~~~. _, WERE C0NGREGATED IN GREAT NllAbEt~~~~

~~~~~~"SI STfR Bl SH( P AND ALL THE CH I LOREN W1TH MRS. W.'\l~~~~~~

~~~~~~I HC;JE AT SPIING~CE. MY REQ.UEST Tu I SR. WAHD WAS TH 1\T SHE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHOULD MGVE INT~; TYE HOUSE 'MITH SR. 8ISHCP ANO NC;T LEAVE THE PLACE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TILL l COULD CvME TO THEIR RELIEF 'M-ilCH I HOPE TO DO? WHEN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~RE~ I MENTS Mu VE &.: UlH AGA I N AS I S EX ;;>EC TED IN A FE'l WEB< S.~~~~~~

~~~~~~"THEY HAVE £N\JUGH -FLOUR AND t-.QL Ful-l A FeN WEEKS IF IT IS NCT TAKEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FR0M THEM... 1 SEE NO PROSPECT uF OUR f£t,.~ IN I NG AT OUH PCST EsUT SHAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~bE GUIDED tJY C IKCI..MSTANC£S DtRECTING lS lt ASSCERtAIN lHE WtLL CF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LORD. "NITH THE A'RMISS CCCUPYING ANO C~·NSUMtNG THE CCUNTRY IT CAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HARDLY FAIL TO BRING ON A FAMINE BY W1NTER AND SPRING AND I CANNCT~~~~~~

~~~~~~Cl,NSENT TO LET MY FAMILY bE LED AljCUT IN CAMP AS FUGITIVES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 tiElWEEN THE AKMI ES Atj( UT SPRI NGPLACE AND TAHLEQUAH THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~C(UNTRY IS ALREADY NEAkLY LA ID WASTE. THERE ARE THCUSANDS OF WCMeJ~~~~~~

~~~~~~Al'40 CHILuHEN COMING OK ALREADY HERE? ANu T~E GOVERNMENT HAS TC FEED~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SUSTAIN THE-~."~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS FOR ll£ TRAGIC EXPERIEK:ES OF MRS. WARD THE STORY OF HIS BRAVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRA VE AND COURAGEOUS CHEROKEE JAlTHER s ... ouLD BERANKED WITH 1HOSE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~T'-iE GREATEST HEROES OF HER NATI ON.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEAMING THE FEDERAL BCAMPME"4T MRS. '!JARD WAS CGNOlJCTEO BY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE SCOUTS 10 A POINT AoOUT 20 MILES FROM NEW SPRINGPLACE. HERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHE \YAS LIFT ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS \VITH HER dABES IN HER ARMS. ,. PAGE ~~ GENEALOGY OF THE WARI ~AMILY OF TENNESSEE PAGE ' ' i~~~~~~

~~~~~~VI l THO UT FOOD OR HELP OF A~Y Kl NO, 9-iE "MNAGED 10 MA KE HEF< WAY ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOOT CARRYING THE l'iO FOUR ~NTHS OLD INFANTS AND FINALLY STUMBLED INTO~~~~~~

~~~~~~HEH HOME ALMOST DEAD. SHE ~AD t£EN AWAY ALL THE NIGHT OF SEPT 2ND,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE fJEXT DAY AND THAT NIGHT AW 'JIELL UP INTO THE DAY OF SEPT $. SHE REP(:'.~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPORTED TH,.\T B~OTHER Bl SHOP WAS IN THE GUARD TENT OF THE FEDERAL ARMY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOLGH JAMES VIARD 1S DEATH WAS STRONGLY SUSPEtTED tHER~ HAD BEE'J~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO EFFORT TO SEARCH tOR HIM. THER:- 'NEnE NO MEN TOLK AT SPRI NGPLACE At-~O~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE COULD ONLY REMA IN NEXT THE HOUSE IN THESE OANGERCUS HOURS. FEalNG~~~~~~

~~~~~~CERTAIN TH:\T HER HUScAND HAD BEEN KILLED. MRS. WARD ACCCMPANIED BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MRS. BISHOP ~ND EDWIN SET OUT TO SEAHCH FCrt MH. WARD'S RBJAINS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME HOU~S 4FTEk HER RETURN. ON THE ~NK OF THE CREEK HIS BUNCH OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~KEYS WAS D 19:0VEREO. NEAR AT HAND WHfxE THE UND&~~~~~~

~~~~~~OOVIJ. EDWIN Fou,-~D THE SKELETON ~ATTEkEO Abl,UT W11H THE LEGS STILL~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ASED IN -ti_QTS THE FLESH OF THE ~DY HA VI N<:i bEEi\l uE 1/GUkEO BY BUZZARDS~~~~~~

~~~~~~A~D HO\lS Af'.D ~LVES. EDWIN RAN l:3ACK 1t HIS HvUSE ANO SOCi'·, RETIJ~NED~~~~~~

~~~~~~TC THE FAT'L SPOT WI TH A r.,QX AND A ',VHEaBARR::. \'I. AFTER THE RB.M I NS~~~~~~

~~~~~~T!AT COULD BE FCUNO WEr~~~~~~

~~~~~~AUvGST OVERCO~ '!JITH GRIEF AND FATIGUE ESTHER WARD RET~NB) HOUE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MRS BISHOP WALKING SADLY AT HER SIDE AND ElWIN PUSHING THE LOADED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEELbARROV,. LATE TH~T SAtv'lE EVEN I NG HE WENT ALuNE Tl THE C0.:1ETERY SC.ME~~~~~~

~~~~~~D l STANE AWAY AND BEGAN O I GG I NG 11-iE GKA JE. MRS Bl SHOP READ THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FUNERAL SER\JICE AND Pi~~~~~~

~~~~~~KNOWING THE DANGER CF REMAIN I NG AT NEW R S.'RI NGPLAC E MRS. '1/ARD ' AND MRS. dlSHOrl DECIDED TC LEAVE \,ITH W THEIH CHILDREN AS SCCN AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PCSS IBLE F~ .. t{ S l LOArv: SPRINGS ARKANSAS. M.\NY YE.~RS AFT8~~~~~~

~~~~~~blSHCP Wr~~~~~~

~~~~~~'WE MADE HILDEoriANJ'S MILL T !E Fl RST DAY Ar~o' STAYED THERE CVffi NIGHT~~~~~~

THEkE WAS AN BvltJTY H(:USE RECENTLY VACA TED WHICH \/JE USED FC R A TEM,\:,RARY LODGING. THE NEXT ~RN ING AS '!IE LEFT THE SUALL SETTLBJ:~T G5\JEALl:GY OF THE 'NARD FAMILY CF TEN1\JESSEE PAGE l l 2 MR. HI LDEtj~ANT G~ VE US A HUNDRED POUND SACK CF FL0UR. TH l S WE COULD

~~~~~~NOT PAY FCR AT THE M.lMENT BUT T:1E MILLE.-( WAS SURE THt,T MY FATHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~WcULD PAY HIM WHENEVER HE COULD~~~~~~

~~~~~~" WE MADE AS MUCH HASTE AS POSSI ill£ Fvi1 \t/E HOftD TC MA KE SI LOAf!.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPRINGS ~y NIGHTFALL. F~ri A MILE CR l'~J OUTSIDE OF HILDEBRANT'S~~~~~~

~~~~~~MILL OUR VIAY WAS UPHIL • cu~ OXEN TEAM VIAS STRGNG Ai~U FAl'THFUL ?/IT~~~~~~~

~~~~~~A NEVER FALTER ING TREAD. THESE OXEN \'/EKE THE ONLY LI VESTC;CK WE H"[~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEEN AciLE T0 t;HI Nb \·:ITH US.~~~~~~

~~~~~~"AS WE Tu?.~ THE RISE WE N0TICEO SvME RIDERS CO~lPNG TG\llliR" US FR,:.M~~~~~~

~~~~~~StLOAf.1 Sr>RINGS. IT \'/AS A GRCU? GF TEN UF 1\VELVE MEN FROM T~E SPRINGS~~~~~~

~~~~~~S?RI NGS WHO HAD HEARD OF Mk. \#Ai{)' S OEATI-1 AND WERE COMING TC I NVESTI GA TE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE MATTER. THEY 'NEkE ALL S0UlHERNERS AND HAijD MEN, '1/t-iO THCUGH Tf..fAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE~E Hf\D A BEEN SOME UNDERHANDED '!JCRK AFCTCT FCR MY FATHER HAD NCT~~~~~~

~~~~~~bEEN Kl LLB:) AND YET THEY HAD Kl LLED MR. 'f/ARD. ALSC THEY KNE'f/ TH\ T ,. MY FATHER CAME FROM THE STATE OF PENNA. AND TH(:UGH HE NEVER HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~MENTIONED IT~ T:-fE'< KNetl QUITE 'NELL TH•\T HE AIDED S++M SIDED WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~T:-fE NORTH. HOWEVER WtRS WARD T~CK UP OUR DEFENSE AND SAID T·-1~.T~~~~~~

~~~~~~FATrlER HAD WARNED HER HUS6AN0 TC LEA VE ~ND GC TC SI LOAM SPRINGS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~VJ 1TH Tl-ti S OODYGUAt~~~~~~

~~~~~~~AGE 75 OF BOOK DAr~~~~~~

~~~~~~Nu 23 1854 T:--iE ELDEST SCi\i 0F JAMES ~ND ESTHER (HOYT) WARD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~' 1 DAR1US 1 CHffiCKEE NA\ E 'JiAS 11 KEE-T\..C-\PIHA-G 1 11 • TrlE TRAGEDY OF HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FATHER'S DEATH HAVING MADE AN INDELli::,EL lr/r-'RESSIGN Ur'CN HIM, HIS ONE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMt31TION AS A LAD WAST~ MEET Ut> ~11TH THE MAN 'f/HC H~D ASSASSINATED HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FATLiER. PAGE GEi-..;EALOGTY OF T...fE '!JARD FAr.;i l LY OF T9'Jf'4ESSEE PAGE 113~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS THIS IS THE TRY lOVIARO ESTABLISHING 1HE ~NARO FAMILY ESPECIALLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT PffiTAINING TO THE FAMILY OF NA~Y '-~ARD THE GREAT AND NOBLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BELOvED WOMAN. EVEN THO or~ PAliE Si. OF ™tS BOOK IS TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PEOPLE BY NAME OF LOWRY l WILL LEAVE THIS NOW Af\lO ONLY GIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~T·-1E MARRIAGE OF R£VEREl'.D J~MES- WARD TO ESTHER HOYT THOUGH THE nt,TS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I S hOT SHONN • Af\JO THE PARENTS OF ESTHER HOYT VIERE LYOI A LO'NRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~A~D DR. Ml LO HOYT &:JN OF RE..J ARD HOvt.~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENEALOGY OF THE WARD FAMILY OF THECHEROKEE Nt.TIOL "GRANNY" HOPPER A FULLBL.000 Ct£ROKEE 'AOMAN ~~HRI 8) -- McDANI Et A SCOTCl-fl.AN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR CHI LOREN 'HERE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALEXANDER MeOAN I EL~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEY/ IS M:OAN I EL CAtHARINE (~ATIE)McDANtEL~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENERAt I ON NO l~~~~~~

~~~~~~#l JOHN (JACK) WARD FRCM l RE:LAf'.O M'\ R11 i EO CATH Ail I NE McD AN I EL~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR CHI LOREN: f J~MES WARD: G£okGE: SAMU6-t BETSY WARD: SUS IE VJARD: NANCY LOCY WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~GE~~ERA Tl ON NO 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~No. 2 JAfJlES VIAKD SR • Pl.ARR I ED FIRST SARAH REDDING (DIED) SECGNO 1D LUCY HA IN~~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CH I LOREN OF JAMES AND LLCY HA I NY \VARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO. 3 CATHERINE VJA~D ._'\t.f<,~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 JOHN (JACK }WAt~~~~~~

~~~~~~a TuOfvlA s 'IARO MA rirH ED \~:'\ i~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 GEORGE VIAHO TO ___ KI NCHLC j JAMES WARD Jtl lO ESTHEK HOYT CONTINUED; • GENEALOGY OF THE 'JIARD FAMlLY OF TENNESSEE •~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO 3 CONTI NUEO ff3 LOCY WARD TO JA~\:~ES WILLI .\MS 3 ROXANNA WARD TO DAN TITTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 NANCY \NARD TC CAL DEAf~ GUNTER~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENERATION NO 3.~~~~~~

~~~~~~:/f3 JAMES WARD JR. MAR,~I ED ESTHER HOYT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR CHILDREN~~~~~~

~~~~~~- 414- DAR I US E. VIARD: L YO IA ANN \.IARO: CLARA ALICE WARD YIM W 'NARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENRY J. WARD(LAST TWO ARE TWINS)~~~~~~

~~~~~~Fv,l MAi~~~~~~

* * * *No 3 CATHARINE WARD MARRIED JOSE)

~~~~~~JOSEPH KEETON~~~~~~

~~~~~~Tti£1R CHILDR~~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO 4 tLCY KE:.:EION MAH,11 ED A DIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~4 NANCY KIETCN DIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~4 PATSY KEETON MAttTI N~~~~~~

~~~~~~4/3 JACK V/Af~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR CHI LDkBJ WEKE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~#4 RGSANNA WARD MARRIED MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~JCHN T WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~JULI A .\ WARD THOMP~N~~~~~~

~~~~~~BARBARA WARD TG STE'NARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES '9ARO~~~~~~

~~~~~~GECRGE OSCAR WARD TrlOM \S C WARD T(. ---- LLCY WARD SHE: .... LY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELLEN WAiO _____ ...., BRADSHAW DAl~ I EL M. WAHD PAGE GENEALOGY OF THE WARD FAti1H LY OF TENNESSEE P I 15~~~~~~

~~~~~~-i,3 MOSES WARD MAf-~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOMAS WAF~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOEL 'NARO : JOSEr>HI NE ,NAHD fvlAR~ I ED CHARLIE FRANKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~NC a BRYANT WARD M6.KRI 8) r-.H.kTHA KINCHLO~~~~~~

~~~~~~11-iEI R CHI LOREN '!JERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~j/4 ELIZAdETH WAHO MARf< I ED SNIM BEAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY WARD MARRIED FRANCIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~JC HN \'/ARD : : JA s ;JER '~JA RO : C~~~~~~

~~~~~~c.:,RNELI US ~VARO.~~~~~~

~~~~~~GEGHGE \i/Af(O M~RHI ED I ST Kl NCHLC ~----Kl~HLO~~~~~~

~~~~~~;rHEIR CHILDREN WE'~E #4 ELIZAdETH \W\RD Mb.RREID --- KELLY LUCY WARD ANO ALEXAND&( WA~D~~~~~~

~~~~~~NC a GEC..RGE WARD MARRIED 2ND T~ __ TOWNSEND. --~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEI K CH I LD~ErJ: NC 4 FRAh~C IS WAriO "'1Ai-~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTHA WAttD TL BLO THCMAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAkR IE \f#ARD JO~N WARD: JAMES WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO 3 LUCY \VA;.(0 MARR 18) J~ ~•:ES VJ I LL I AMS~~~~~~

~~~~~~T!-iEI R CH I LOREN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTHA WI LI AMS ~ARRI ED 11-iCMPS:N~~~~~~

~~~~~~tl4NANCY WILLIAMS Tc· GE\..t~GE EATcN~~~~~~

~~~~~~#3 t~~~~~~

~~~~~~TYEI f, CHI LOREN 'NEhE GENEALOGY CF THE '!/ARD FAMILY ~-F TENNESSEE PAuE~~~~~~

~~~~~~Nu ~ PS~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES Tl TTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~RudERT Tl TTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DutlA Tl TTLE Tu Rutsa~~~~~~

~~~~~~8..LEN TITTLE Tu JAKE HEISER~~~~~~

~~~~~~Sus! E TITTLE TQ o\.c T1..· ~ VI I MEH~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 3 NANCY \fAkU MA11< RI ED CAL DAN GUNTE~~~~~~~

~~~~~~T4E t R CH I lD R~ 'I/ERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~4/4 ANi~ EllZAbEiH GUNTEH TC G. CHArJDLEk~~~~~~

~~~~~~Ll.CY GUNTER TO OCCTl 1 H FCRTNER~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLEVIA GUNTER MARtlA~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOVINA GUNTER T'"' L DLCKWCnT~~~~~~~

~~~~~~J0HN GUNT~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ NANCY GUNTER TC ALFREY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMY GUNTEr< TC ALFREY~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAL DEAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~-'r:** ~-THEFOREGOI NG IS THE DI REcT LINEAGE OF THE WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMLL Y NO FUtlT:-,ER REMOVED THAI-J FIRST CC US I NS"~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS t S GI \/EN IN "SPRI NGPLAC E •~RA VI AN MISSION: CHEROKEE Ai'!O THE VIA ,10 F Af/.1 LY NATI ON'' /AS CLAr~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOSPITAL ~F NE\1 YORK &887- PHOTO IN FRONT OF THE SOOK 1939~~~~~~

~~~~~~I~ THE FORWARD IN FRONT OF THE BOOK BY MURIEL H. WRIGHT OKLAHOMA CITY OKLAH\.·MA 1940~~~~~~

~~~~~~----PAGE 15 OF THE SAME BOOK; H\S THIS TC SAY ABC1LJT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLACULLA C~ (ATA GUL-KALUJ WAS T'-!' T OF T'-!E CIVIL CH I EF~~~~~~

~~~~~~uF THE CHER~KEE LON<, KNCVJN AS TL!E LEADER IN PEACE CCUi~C I LS~~~~~~

~~~~~~(UNCLE CF NA~JCY WAr~~~~~~

~~~~~~WjTH THE ENGLISH. IT WAS HE w~o SAVED THE LIFE 0F ,,.~APT~~~~~~

~~~~~~JuHN STUAHT AND DELI VE,.'lED HIM S.AFE TC HIS FRI ENOS IF VA. PAGE , GENEALOGY OF TYE WARD FAt11 LY CF TE:~!\JESSEE PAGE ·'J I I 7~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN THE BRJTISH STRCNGHCLD: FCaT LCUDLN IN EASTfRN TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUST ·souTH OF KNCl'VfLLE TENf~ FELL IN ATTACK UY ntE '1/ARRING C4EROKEES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTINUED AuRESSION ANO ARbiTA,~Y ACTluNS CN THE P4RT CF BRI Tl SH~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLONIAL AUTHO~ITIES CAUSED RIVALRIES AND PARTISAN STRIFE 'Ulll-ilN T'r-iE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TR I BE. AL I ENA TED F RCM HIS F"' ~.iEH AL I GNU£ t~T: ATTAKU LLAC ULLA RA I SB) ."i~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORCE CF 500 CHER~kEE 'NARRIORS Tc AID THE AWEKiSANS DURING THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICAN REVuLUTl0N: EVEN THCUGH A MAJORllY Cf' THE TRlbE SIDED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE BklTISH UND&< THE LEADERSHIP vF CAPTAIN STUART.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CuNTEMP(,RARY YJITH THIS NCT8) Cl VIL CHIS:~ THE CHEkGKEES ':/AS THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~GREAT VIAR CHIEF C;CGNCSTtTA (A I GANbl-STA 'TA).~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE HAD ntE DISTINCTION OF LEADING HIS WRRIORS IN A NUMBER OF FIERCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~bATTilESCUT VICT\..·t~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMANDED T'-IE CHE~C-KEES IN THEIR DS:-EAT uF T!.iE Cf~~~~~~

~~~~~~TALI WA~ .N~•-~~~~~~

~~~~~~STO~:V:Eu FORT LC;UUON AND CAPTUt-lED THAT Ft~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHIEF ()F THE NATlC:N SOON AFTffiWARU HE LED IN T6;~1:-dNATING THE ANCIENT QUA~~~~~~

~~~~~~Q.UARRa WITH THE IROQLK,IS. AT THEI ;~ INVICATICN IN 1768 HE HEADED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHERvKEE DELEGATICN TC J(:HNSL-N HALL IN T:;E MCHAVJK VALLEY NEN YORK~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE HE ADDRESSED THE C(-Uf\C IL. n 'NE H~VE CCt•. ;E F'" R PEACE FRC1M CHOTE."~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TRA IL OF TEARS~~~~~~

~~~~~~T ~E R8\.~0VAL CF ALL THE l NCJ I ANS IN THE EAST TC A REG I CN IN TLiE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEST VJHERE THEY MIGHT HAVE THElr< J\M\ GJVERNMt."NTS H\u oEEN PRCMOTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~bY THE U S GOVE~Nt~ENT OFFICIALS tEFLRE &820. TI-iE DISC~VERY CF GOLD~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE CHER..KEE NATlON IN td28, ·.rJITHIN T'-i£ bCUND~r~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATE OF GEORG I A bR0UGHT A kUSH \,,F PEC PLE FRl M TYE ST';TES I NT0~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE GOLD r~~~~~~

~~~~~~RBJCVAL uF THE EASTEKN INDIANS TL TYE ':JEST BEY""ND THE MISSI SSI Pr'I RI Vr.ft ..~~~~~~

TAK I NG AD\/ANTAuE ~F THESI TuATI ON MA y t=>B(~f\JS F~\..·M T-JE STATES GENEAL..OY 0F THE WAHD FA~ILY CF TENNESSEE PAGE . 1,8 PAGE UNLA'M=ULLY CROWDED 1NTC THE CHffi..;KEE C.OuNTRY, F0fe I NG C:11EN

WEALTHY AND INFLUENTIAi.. CITIZENS FROM THEiK HGt:ES. THE STATE CF GECRGIA ..-:· ,· WAS OPt'OSEO T\i JHE CvNTI NUAt~CE OF THE CHEk'-'KEE GOVERNMENT WI THI NS . T:·!E ST~TE 1 S uv~DERS. AS A RESULT THE INDIAN Q.UESTICN AND THE REMOVAL PLAN

~~~~~~WERE.WIDELY AND BITTERLY DISCUSSED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THE ~ROS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~SENATCR FRELINGHUYSUN ~F NE'• JERSEY TYE INDIANS' FRIEtii IN HIS SPEECH~~~~~~

~~~~~~8EF~ RETHE U S SENATE VJERE IN THE NATURE .OF A PRO ?HEY: "I HAD RATHE~ RECEIVE THE BLESSING OF ONE POOR CHERCKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS HE CASTS HIS UST LOL:K BACK UPON HIS COUNTRY FCR HAVING TYOUGH IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~VA IN ATT9.1?TB) TO PREVENT HIS ~·NSSHMENT THAN Tt· SLEEP BENEATH THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARt3LE OF ALL THE CAESARS." (SEE ALOO Tl-tW.AS V4LENTI NE PARKER IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE INDlANS P~GE ao)~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN A t0OK E:sY VII LL I AM oARTKAM T'1E ~GLISH BOTAN I ST~~~~~~

~~~~~~(WI.ii CH tiCCK IS IN THE ftARE tsOOK ROl-M .f\ T T'.,E LI LlR~hY CF CtN\:JRESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~REVOLUTION WRuTE: "T~-fE Cl-iEROKEES IN THF:U-< DIS.->OSITICN AND MANNERS ARE GR~VE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN(J RESERvED IN C1..,NVEf-~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENAC I '"'US OF Ti-iE LI ~ERTi ES Af~u NATUkAL rO GHTS 0F rviAN :SECRET:DELI r.;EkATE~~~~~~

~~~~~~Ai~u DETEn;v-;INEu IN T-lElr< CL.UNCILS;;H\,.,NEST ~JUST Ai\Ju LI L,ErtAL: AND ALWAYS~~~~~~

~~~~~~REAUY Tv SACRIFICE EVEHY PLEASUt1E ANL> GRATIFICATION~ EVEN TC THEIR dLOCD~~~~~~

~~~~~~Ai'JU LIFE ITSELF TC DEFENU T4EI ~ TEf~~~~~~

~~~~~~To ao BACK FURTH£ R INTO H IST0RV CF THE I NO I AN s I WI LL QUOTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM RECENT ARCHE0L0GISTS RATHER THAN FROM OLD WRITINGS AS I FEEL TH~T~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY BETTTER EXPLAIN ntEIR EARLY EXISTENCE ON THIS CONTINENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR NAMES ARE CHARLES C • HARROLD, WALTER A. HARRIS AND LINTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~M. SOLOMON, AS GI VEN IN A BOOKLET ENTITLED 1'0CMULGEE NATIONAL MONUvlENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH IS ADMINI STEREO BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE OF THE UNI TED S,:T:"::S~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPARTMENT OF THE INTER I OR. A SUP£R I NTENDENT WHOSE ADDRESS IS Mi.e c~~~~~~~

~~~~~~GEORGI A IS IN IMMEDIATE CHARGE. (Te-~£ READER CAN BUY A COPY OF TH IS 800K~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM U.S.Gov£RNUENT PRIJTING 0'FICE, SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WASHINGTON, 0 .C. • NUMBER 24, FOR 25¢ - PUBLISHED I 956.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY WERE AWARE OF' THE IMPORTNACE OF THE LARGE MOUND AND VILLAGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SITE CLOSE TO THEIR COMMUNITY AND DEEPl..Y INTERESTED IN ITS THOROUGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~STUDV AND UC.TIMATE PRESERVATION. lT WAS THROUGH THEIR DEVOTED EFFORTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THE LARGE SCALE EXCAVATIONS WERE UNDERTAKEN, AND THE SIT£ OF THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANT WORK PRESERVED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS BOOK CONTAINS MANY TOPICS ABOUT THEIR VARIOUS KI0NS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~POTTERIES, PIPES, DART POINTS, SPEAR-HEADS, ATLAS, -THROWING STICKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~-MOUNDS- FUNERAL MOUNDS AND ETC. BUT I WILL ONLY QUOTE THAT PART Vii ICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~EXRAINS 11 '~HERE DID THE I ND I ANS COME FR:)M" AN o "HOW OID THEY GET~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO TENNESSEE: GEORGIA: NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA AND ovER THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNITED STATES. NOT LIKE SOME CHILDREN MY MV SCHOOL DAYS THOUGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~... "11-fEY MUST HAVE COME UP OUT OF THE GROUND .n~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEGINNING WITH THE MIODL~ OF TH£ 18TH CENTURY UNTIL 1934 THE~~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN MOUNDS NEAR THE PRESENT CITY OF MACON, GA• HAD BEEN A SUBJECT~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR SPEC ULA Tl :)N TO ALL WHO SAW THEM• A RANGER JOURN£YI NG WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~OGLE1'H0RPE, FOUNDER OF THE GA C OLONV, MENTIONS ''THREE MOUNTS RAI SEO~~~~~~

BY THE IN0IANS OVER THREE OF THEIR GREAT KINGS, WHO WERE KtLLE0 IN THE • "Q.OOTES FROM OCMULGEE NATIONAL WNWENT; GA BOOKLET No. 24 -PAGE 120 ~,....,_. ____ WARS." A MORE DISCERNING TRAVELER IN THE SAME CENTURY COULD LEARN THAT

~~~~~~CONTEMPORARY IND I ANS ANO GENERAfrl CNS OF THEIR ANCESTORS KNEW N0"IH ING OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ORIGIN OF THESE MOUNDS, WHERE GHOSTLY SINGING WAS SAi OTO MARK THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARLY MORN ING HOURS. AS LATE AS 1930, HOWEVER, EVEN SPECIALISTS COULD~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONLY ADO THAT THE LARGE PYRAMIDAL MOUND SHOWED CONNECTIONS WITH THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CUL TURES OF THE Ml SSI SSI P Pl VALLEY ANO THAT It SECOND MOUND HAD SEVER EO AS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS A BURIAL MOUND.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT WAS POSSIBLE IN 1933 WITH LABORF FURNISHED av THE CIVIL WORKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADMINISTRATION, TO BEGIN A SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION OF THE 0CMUl.GEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOUNDS AND ADJOINING SITES. THIS WORK CONTINUED UNTIL 1941, MOST OT~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT BE I NG PERFORMED BY THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMI NI STRATI ON AND THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS. THE CITIZENS OF MACON GA PURCHASED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1933 THE LAND AND GAVE IT TO TH£ NATI ON. OCUULGE~ NATIONAL MONUMENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS IN JUNE 1934 ANO ESTABLISHED CV PRESIDENTIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROCLAMA Tl ON IN 0ECEM6ER 1936.~~~~~~

~~~~~~EIGHT VEARS 1 WORK, INVOLVING THE REMOVAL OF UNTOLD TONS CF EARCH~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE RECOVERY OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF ARTIFACTS, HAS ESTABLISHED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF 0CMULGEE. IT HAS DEMONSTRATED THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EXISTENCE HERE IN ONE SMALL AREA OF MATER I AL REMAINS FROM ALMOST EVERY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAJOR PER I OD OF I ND I AN PREHISTORY IN THE SOUTH EAST. BEi NG ONE OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FIRST LARGE INDIAN SITES IN THE SOUTH TC BE SCIENTIFICALLY EXCAVATED,~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCMULGEE PROVIDED MANY OF THE IMPORTANT DETAILS IN OUR EXPANDING~~~~~~

~~~~~~KNOWLEDGE ~ THAT STORY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~'IT IS THE MIDDLE GEORGI A CH~PTER OF TKIS STORY WE SHA.. L TELL HERE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN IT WE CANN FOLLOW TH£ INOIAN ALMOST FROM THE TIME OF HIS EARLIEST~~~~~~

~~~~~~RECOGNITION ON THIS CONTINENT TO THAT OF HIS FINAL DEFEAT AND LATER~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISPOSSESSION OY THE WHITE MAN• THE PERIOD COVERED MAY BE CLOSE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~10,000 YEARS; AND WHILE THE EVIDENCE IS OFTEN SCANTY, WE CAN DETECT~~~~~~

IN IT THE UNMISTAKABLE SIGNS OF STEADY CULTURIL PROGRESS. DORING THAT PAGE 121 Q.OOTES FROM OCMULbEE NATIONAL MONUv11ir~T GEORG I A BOOKLET No. 24 TIM£ THE INDIAN PASSED FROM THE SIMPLE LIFE OF THE ri'OMADIC HUNTER TO THE

~~~~~~C0U8LEX CULTURE OF TRIBES WHICH, ENJOYING THE PRODUCTS OF AN ADVAN~ED~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGRICULTURE, COULD DEVOTE THEIR SURPLUS ENERGY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~RELIGIOUS OR POLITICAL SYSTEMS. IN THE FINAL PAGES WE CAN STUDY THE EFFECTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE INCREASING IMPACT OF EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION ON THE ALIEN CULTURE OF A~~~~~~

~~~~~~SELF-SUFFICIENT PEOPLE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE DID THE INDIANS COME FR)M __....,,_ ~--- ._, ...... ,_ .... _...... _- --~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL SCHOOL CHILDREN KNOW THAT AT THE TIM£ (F ITS DISCOVERY Nc&TH~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICA WAS THE RED MAN 1 S CONTINENT. HE KNOWS THAT WHITE PEOPLE, E~UIPPED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE WEAPONS AND KNOWLEDGE OF AN ADVANCED CIVILIZATION, TOOK THIS LAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY PERSUASION OR BY FORCE. FOR MOST OF US OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE AMERICAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN BEGINS AND ENDS WITH THE BRIEF INTERVAL IN TIME WHERE THESE TWO RACES~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE INVOLVED IN A BITTER STRUQGL£.~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUR KNOWL£0G£ IS LIMITED BECAUSE UNTIL RECENTLY NO ONE REALLY KNEW THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANSWERS TO SUCH ~UESTIONS AS '\YHERE DID THE INDIAN COME FROM?" MANY THOUGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT HE HAP BEEN PRECEDED BY ANOTHER RACE OF SUPER I OR INTELLIGENCE, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~1'MOUND Bu I LDERS"; AND IN GENER AL OUR I NF ORMATI ON ABOUT HIM HAD RESTED ON. A~~~~~~

~~~~~~GREAT DEAL OF' INC.ENI OUS SPECULATION WITH VERY LITTLE ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BACK IT UP. THE PEOPLE MOST ACTIVELY INTERESTED IN THE PROBLEM ARE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARCHEOLOGISTS. THEY HAVE BEEN STUDYING IT INTENSIVELY FOR ABC•UT 75 YEARS;~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO, WHILE THEY WORK WAS AT FIRST MOSTLY DESCRIPTIVE, THE LAST 25 YEARS~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE BEEN TREMENDOUS STRIDES IN BOTI-t THE TECH NI Q.U EST CF THEIR RE SEAR CH~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE SOUNDNESS~ THEIR INTERPRETATIONS. Now WE KNOW A GOvO DEAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUT-, INDIAN AND HAVE TRACED HIS CAREER ON THIS CONTINENT BACK TO A TIME~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN OUR OWN PAST BECOMES ALMOST EQ.UALLV DIM ANO SHADOWY. BUT 1H IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~INFORMATION IS STILL MOSTLY TO BE FOUND IN BIG BOOKS, OR IN SPECIAL STUDIES~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT ARE HARD TO OBTAIN; SC IT MAY BE HELPFUL TO OUTLINE BRIEFLY HERE WHAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE KNOW TODAY OF THE ORI GINS AND EARLY CAREER OF THIS PARTICULAR BRANCH~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE HUMAN RACE. _i~T!S_F_!~ iC!!ULGEE NATIONAL MONUMENT GEORGIA aooKLET No 24~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE OLD WORLD, HUMAN HISTORY HAS BEEN TRACED TO ITS BE~INNINQS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAOUCN f'OSSIL REMAINS SUGGESTING A STAGE CF DEVELOPMENT EARLIER THAN MAN•~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE WESTERN HEMISPMERI• HOWEVER• NO SUCH REMAINS HAVE BEIN FOUND, WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDICATES THAT THE Al,FRICAN fNOIAN MUST HAVE IMMIGRATED HER£ ,-ROM ANOntER~~~~~~

COIITllll!NT • IN SEARCH I NG P'OR HIS CLOSEST RELATIVES, THEREFORE, SC I ENTI STS aRE NOW &CRIED TH•T CERTAIN PHYSICAL PICULIARITIES SHOW THE MODERN AS WELL as THE PREHISTORIC INDIAN TO BE MOST CLBSEL.V LINKED To THE PEOPLES OF

~~~~~~EASTERN ASIA•~~~~~~

(ON A PAGE 2-A IS A PICTURE SHOWING MASTER FORMER TEMPLE MOUND. Caoss sccnoN, EAST SLOPE OF FUNERAL MOUND, AT THE MUSEUM. ARRANGEMENT OF eoNITRUCTI ONS ELEMENTS CONFUSED sv CRO!'fON AN0 WASH FROM 10 P AND St DE OF succ~sa,w UOUND STAGES.) WORKING OUT Tl-£ PUZZLE

~~~~~~THE ARCHEOLOGIST DETERMINES HIS CHRONOLOGY OF 8 tVENTS BY LOCATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF MATERIALS BURIED IN THE EARTH. SINCE EARLY MATERIAL LltS BELOW THAT a:~~~~~~

~~~~~~:.;-.. •£ 8ECENT TIMES HE CAN LEARN WHAT HAPPENED WHEN IT HAPP£NE0 ArD WHY. T~~~~~~~

~~~~~~YILL IN THE QAPS HE STUDIES CHANGES IN STYLES CF POTTERV, TOOLS AND BUILDING.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOW CHfl1NOLOGY IS DETERMINED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SY QEOLOGY DATINCi THROUCN STUDY BY ROCK FORMATION ANO FOSSILS FOUND WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~H-UIIAN IIEMAINS.(N~T VERY ACCURATE) uY TREE RINGS; DATING THROUGH STUDY OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANNUAL AINQS WHICH INDICA1E CLIMATE CHANGES (ACCURATE ONLY IN ORV AREAS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY caaoo• FOURTEEN: DATING THROUGH CHECKING AMOUNTS OF RADIO ACTIVE CARBON~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN CHARCOAL, SHE1...L ANO WOOD REMAINS. (ACCURATE OUT DIFFICULT) HERi: as A PICTURE MAP OF BERING STRAIO SHC,,.J/ING INOIANS COW! TO 1liE ... ._., ..... -N!fl WORLD THOUGH BEIING STRAIT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~"'I~~~~~~

~~~~~~• ·················=ASIA : 8£11Nc; : ALASKA ···············••: STRAIT : .• -----.• J • :• NORTH • • A~:ERICA~~~~~~

~~~~~~(MAC ON GEORG I A) PAGE 123 ,iU.QT!S_fE_OM .Q.C~ULGEE NATIONAL MONUMENT GEORGIA a00KLET No 24.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOST LIVING AMERICAN INOIANS SHARE WITH THE EAST ASIANS A GROUP~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF FEATURES WHICH ARE CCNSIOEREO To oE DISTINCTIVE OF THE GREATMONGO~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOIO 01 VISION OF MANCINO. THESE INCLUDE: STRAIGHT DARK HAIR, DARK EVES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~LIGHT YELLOW-BROWN TO RED-BROWN SKIN, SPARSE BEARD ANO BODY HAIR,~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROMINENT CHECKOONES, MODERATELY PROTRUDING JAWS, RATHER SUBDUED CHIN-~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND LARGE Fae E. s INCE THE ClUESTI ON OF RACE DETERM I NATI ON, HOWEVER' Is~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE OF EXTREME COMPLEXITY, IT SHOULD ALSO OE POINTED OUT TH~T WHILE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAJORITY OF MODERN INOIANS AS WEL.~ AS PREHISTORIC SKELETAL REMAINS IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICA SHARE ENOUGH OF THESE FEATURES IN COMMON TO BE REIARDEO AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PREDOMINANTLY MONGOLOID, THEY AS WELL AS THE EAST ASIANS THEMSELVES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~90SSESS OTHER PHYSICAL TRAITS LIKE STATURE AND HEAD FORM WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~VARY WIDELY FROM GROUP TO CROUP. SOM£ OF THESE OTHER TRAITS MAY BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EXPLAINED BY THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS ACTING OVER LONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~PERIODS OP TIME, BUT OTHERS POINT TO AN ADMIXTURE OF NON-MONC.OLOIO~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEATURES IN SOME OF THE EARLIEST Ml~RANTS TO TtESE AREAS. IT IS JUST THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEANING OF THIS MIXTURE OF APPARENTLY 01 VERSE ELEMENTS WHICH MAKES THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROBLEM <:F ULTIMATE ORIGINS SO DIFFICUTLT; ANO WE SHALL HAVE TC GE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTENT FOR NOW WITH THE GENERAL RELATIONSHIP WHICH SEEMS TO HAVE SEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTABLISHED. IF THE EARLIEST WANIJERERS TO THE AMERICAN WERE PRIMARILY A~~~~~~

~~~~~~BLEND OF OTHER RACIAL ELEMENTS~ THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PHYSICAL TYPE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF LATER AMERICAN IN01ANS HAS SEEN LARGELY SUBMERGED BY THE MONQOLOID~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEATURES OF THE VAST MAJORITY OF LATER ARRIVALS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ASIA, Too, IS THE CLOSEST QREAT LAND MASS TO THIS CONTINENT, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ROM IT THERE ARE MORE PRACTICABLE MEANS OF ACCESS THAN FROM ANY OTHER~~~~~~

AREA. EVEN TODAY THE BERING STRAIT COULO OE CROSSED GY RAFTS, FOR ISLANDS ..... _, ~ - _, .... -- ...... --- - ...... _, ,_ -- --- _, ... _, - -- ... ------.... ------AT tltE: MIDDLE CUT THE OPEN WATER JOURNEY INTO TWO 25-MILE STRETCHES. ~ - - -- ...... - - --- ...... - .... ,_. - - ___, - ~ ,_ ------~ --- - ,._, ------._...... --- - ~ ----·- ESKIMOS MADE THE TRI p IN THEIR SKIN BOATS, OR IN WINTER av OOG SLED OVER - ..., ..... - --- 4llllllt ...... - ...... -, ...... - - ... - ~ ..... - .... -- .... ,_. ,_ ~-. -- -.. ~ - - ...... -- - ..... -

~~~~~~TII~ ~ROZEN SURFACE OF THE STRAIT. _...... _...... --- ___ ..... _,_ ~UOTES FROM OCMULGEE NATlONAL MONLMENT GEORGIA BOOKLET No 24~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING THE SEVERAL WORLDWIDE GLACIATIONS OF THE PLEISTOCENE EP~CH, A~~~~~~

~~~~~~QEOLOGICAL PERIOD WHICH BEGAN MORE THAN 600,000 AND ENDED AOOUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~10,000 YEARS AG0 9 GREAT MASSES uF ICE SPREAD ACRGSS THE SURFACE OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTINENTS IN THE HIQHER LATITUDES. SINCE THE GROWTH OF THESE ICE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHEETS WAS •ouRI SHED BY FALLING SNOW, THE SEAS, WHICH SUPPLIED THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NECESSARY MOISTURE, WERE REDUCED IN VOLUME AS THE ICE EXPANDED. THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAXIMUM DROP IN SEA LEvEL HAS BEEN CALCULATED AS BETWEEN 200 ANO 400~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEET, BUT THE FLOOR OF BERING STRAIT IS SO SHALLOW THAT A DROP OF AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITTLE AS 120 FE~T WOULD HAVE BEEN SUFFICIENT TO CREATE A ORV LAND BRIDGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BETWEEN THE C0NTINENTS. FURTHER LOWERING MUST HAVE INCREASED 11-fE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AREA AND ELEVATION 0~ THIS PASSAGE, BUT THE MAIN EFFECT OF THIS WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIMPLY TO EXTEND THE LENGTH OF THE INTERVAL DURING WHlr.H THE ORIOGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMA I NED OPEN• TH IS MAY HAVE CONTI NUEO WELL I NTC THE PER I 00 CF Mt LOER ., CLIMATE AFTER THE TIME CF MAXIUUM ICE ADVANCE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANOTHER PECULIAR CONDITION IN THIS REGION AT THIS TIME WAS THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRESENCE OF CONSIOERAOLE AREA UNTOUCHED av GLACIAL ICE. THESE INCLUDE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FOOTHILLS AND COASTAL PLAIN ALvNG ALASKA'S NORTHERN COAST AS WELL AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE GREAT CENTRAL YUKON VALLEV. THIS SURPRISING SITUATION WAS PROGA0LY~~~~~~

~~~~~~DUE TO THE SMALL AMOUNT OF MOISTURE LEFT IN THE WINOS WHICH HAG PASSED~~~~~~

~~~~~~0\/ER THE HIGH ANO COLO MOUNTAIN CHAINS BORDERING THE SOUTHERN COA5r AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE S~COND QREAT MASS OF TH€ BROOKS RANGE TO THE NORTH. FURTHERMORE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~.:n:tE BROAD MACKENZIE VALLEY, LEADING SOUTH ALONG THE EASTERN SLOPES~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF \THE ROCKIES, WA·S-THE AREA LATEST TO GE COVERED BY GLACIAL ICE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~Fl RST TO OPEN UP WITH THE RETURN OF WARMER CONOITI ONS. IT MAY EVENT BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT I CE FAILED TO COVER TH IS REG I ON OURI NG THE LA ST ONE OR MORE OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MINOR ADVANCES WHICH TOGETHER MAKE UP THE LATEST, CR WISCONSIN, GLACIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~PERI 00. TAKEN ALL TOGETHER, THEREFORE, THE CCNDITIONS DESCRIBED wPR0VIOEO PAGE 125 QUOTES FROM OCMULGEE NATIONAL M:JNU\1ENT GA BooKLET Ne 24~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAN WITH A CHILLY BUT RELATIVELY DRY AND PASSABLE ROUTE FROM THE ASIATIC~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAINLAND TO ALASKA AND THENCE TO THE WARMER INTERIOR SECTIONS OF NORTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~AW!RICA• FoR A CONSIDERABLE PERIOD THIS ROUTE MUST HAVE BEEN FLANKED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH ~QACIAL ICE LYING ONLY A FEW MILES AWAY ON ONE SIDE OR BOTH THROUGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~A TOTAL DISTANCE OF SOME 2,000 MILES. IT IS ONE OF MAN'S DISTINCTIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~~UALITIES, HOWEVER, THAT HE IS ABLE TO ADAPT HIMSELF TO EXTREMES; AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT IS PROBABLE THAT THE GAME HE LIVED ON WAS ITSELF ACCLIMATED TO LIVING~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLOSE TO THE EDGES rF THE I CE SHEETS. WE ARE LESS CERTAIN ABOUT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THIS JOURNEY WAS BEGUN AT ITS ASIATIC END; BUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT SEEMS LIKELY TH AT THERE, TOO, I CE WOULD HAVE FORMED IN THE HIGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOUNTAIM MASSES, BUT THAT THE VALLEYS ANO LOWLANDS WOULD HAVE REMAINED~~~~~~

~~~~~~OPEN AS THEY D10 FARTHER EAST.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE ARE CONFIDENT IN OUR KNOWLEDGE CE WHERE MAN CAME FROM TO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEW WORLD AND HOW HE WAS ABLE TO MAKE THE TRIP. WE ARE ON LESS CERTAIN ~~~~~~~

~~~~~~C.RvUNO, HOWEVER,• WHEN WE TRY TO DETERMINE WHEN HE ARRIVED. ESTIMATES~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE IIARIED WIDELY, CHANGING WITH EVERY INCREASE IN OUR KNOWLEDGE. fRoM~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE Fl RST ENTHUSIASTIC ATTEMPTS TO Fl T THE I NOi AN I N'T'J .THE OLO STc.-NE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE CHRONOLOGY WHICH WAS JUST THEN UNFOLDING FCR TH£ 0LO WORLD, THE COLO~~~~~~

~~~~~~REASONING OF SKEPTICAL SCIENTISTS BROUGH OCWN THE MAXIMUM AGE CF HUMAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCCUPATION OF THIS HEMISPHERE TO SOMETHING LIKE 3,000 YEARS. BEGINNING~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1925, HOWEVER, A SERI ES OF FINDS HAS PR:;VIDEO UNQUESTI C-ABLE EVIDENCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH AT MEN USING VERY O I STI NCTI VE WEA PONS WERE LI VI NG ON 1fi IS C 0-NTI NEN T,~~~~~~

~~~~~~LARGELY BV HUNTING TH£ MAMMOTH AND A GREAT BISON, BOTH NOW £XTINT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~"I ' OURJ NG THE PER I 00 WHEN THE I CE WAS REC ED I NG FOR THE LA ST Tt ME • THE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~TYPICAL CHANNELED ()R FLUTED SPEAR PO I NT OF TH IS PEOPLE HAS EVER BEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOUND LATELY ALONG THE NORTHERN ALASKA COAST. So, WHILE WE STILL~~~~~~

~~~~~~CANNOT SAY THAT THIS CHARACTERISTIC ARTIFACT WAS BRCUGHT FRCM ASIA RATHER~~~~~~

THAN 8£1NG DEVELOPED HERE INAMERICA, IT IS AT LEAST AN INTERESTING • COINCIDENCE THAT MAN HUNTED LARGE ANO NOW EXTINCT GAME IN ALASKA IN ... ..,, ...... \.-.:.t. !~ATIONAL MONI.JJ1ENT GA SoOKLET No 24 -PAGE 126

~~~~~~AREAS WHERE CONDITIONS WERE AT TIMES PARTICULARLY WELL SUITED TO HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMM t GRATI ON•~~~~~~

~~~~~~OTHER EVtDENCE SHOWS THAT THE USERS OF THIS TELLTALE POINT WEFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOT THE FIRST TO LIVE IN THE REGION OF THE WESTERN PLAINS; AT LEAST~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME OF THEIR NUMBERS HAD BEEN PRECEDED av MEN WHOSE STONE WORK WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALMOST AS UNUSUAL AND EQ.UALLY CAS~ TO IDENTIFY. R£C£N1\.Y DEVELOPED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEnfODS OF DATING BV THE US£ OF RADIOACTIVE CARSON-14 SHOW THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPAN OF TIME WHEN TrfE CHANNEL£D POINT USERS, FOLSOM MAN, ROAMED THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PLAINS INCLUDED ON!: DATE OF ABOUT 8000 8. C • FoR HIS PREDECESSORS, WE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEEL JUSTIFIED IN PUSHING THIS DATE A GOOD 2,000 OR 3,000 YEARS FURTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~._ BACK; AND THERE ARE EVEN HINTS TAKEN QUIT£ SERIOUSLY BY LEADING ARCHEOL~S~~~~~~

~~~~~~-ISTS THAT MAN WAS HERE MANY THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE THAW• 'NE KNOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THE C.REAT CLIMATIC SWINGS MARKING lHE PRINCIPAL STAGES OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~"' PLEISTOCENE EPOCH WERE ACTUALLY COMPOSED OF REPEATED LESSER PULSATIONS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LI KE A Ml GHTY PUMP, THE CHANG I NG CLIMATE WORKED UPON ALL LI FE WI lH IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOUSANDS CF MILES OF THE SHIFTING ICE FRONTS, DRIVING IT SOUTHWARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH ICY WIHDS AND THEN SUCKING IT BACK TOWARD THE NORTH AS COLD AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAMP WERE REPLACED BY HEAT AtD DROUGHT• MAN FOLLOWED THE GAIIE; AND TH IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~RATHER THAN ANY PLANNED MIQRATIONt PROBABLY ACCOUNTS FOR THE WIOE SPREAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF HIS EARLIEST REMAINS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICAN JNDIANS, THEN, ARE MOST CLOSELY RELATED TO THE PRESENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~INHABITANTS OF EASTERN ASIA, WHERE TH£V, T00 1 HAD THEIR ORIGIN. THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAMi TO ntlS COUNTRY AS ITS FIRST HUMAN INHABITANTS SOME 12,000 TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~15,000 VEARS AGO AT THE VERY LEAST. THEY 010 NOT COME N...L AT ONCE, OR~~~~~~

~~~~~~EVEN IN ONE LIMITED PER I 00 OF Tl ME, BUT PRC BABLV IN A FAIRLY CONTINUOUS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUCCESSION OF SMALL HUNTING BANOS FOLLOING THE GAME. THEIR EARLIEST~~~~~~

~~~~~~MIGRATIONS HITHER WERE DOU8TLESS THE INDIRECT RESULT OF GREAT FLUCTUATIONS~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN CLIMAT£ WHICH MARKED THE COMIN~ AND GOING OF THE ICE DURING THE QUOTES FROM OCMULGEE N()NlJAENT GA BOOKLET NO. 24 - PAGE 127~~~~~~

~~~~~~GLACIAL AGE; ANO IT WAS THE PECULIAR CONDITIONS EXISTING ABOUT THE PRESENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGION OF BER I NG STRAIT THAT ENCOURAGED THEM TO EXPLORE THE NOW ACCESSI.BLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGION TO THE EAST. ONCE THEY H~O REACHEO TH£ NEW WORLD, THEIR HUNTING~~~~~~

~~~~~~TRAVELS PROBABLY CARRI £D THEM SACK AND FORTH t N 80TH 01 RECTI ONS SO TH AT A~~~~~~

~~~~~~KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEEMINGLY LIMITLESS TERRITORY BEVOHO BECAME FAIRLY GENERAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE OlSAPPEARANC£ OF THE LAND ORI OGE MUST HAVE BEElt•·VERV GRADUAL BV~~~~~~

~~~~~~HUMAN STANDARDS. Soccrsst V£ QEN£RA~I ONS WOULD HAVE .FOUNO THE JOURNEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~INCREAltNQLY DIFFICULT, BUT ntlS WOULD ONLY R~~ED:·.TO THE ADOPTION OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~OTHER MEASURES SUCH AS WAITI N.C FOR WINTER ICE OR THE USE CF RAF"l'~ 0R BOATS~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO CROSS THE WIDENINQ STRETCHES OF OPEN WATER. ONCE ARRIVED, THEY 8EGAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO SPREAD OUT OVER THE COUNTRY, MOVING ON AS "ffiE GAME BECAME SCARCE TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE IT WAS MORE ABUNDANT• LOOKING FOR NEW ANO UN·.PE0PLE0 AREAS WHENEVER T~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY B£<.AN TO CATCH SICHT TOO OFTEN OF MEMBERS ~ OTHER BANDS HUNTING THE ,,. SAME TERRI TCRY • NoT MANY 'YEARS WOULD 8£ NEEOEO TC COVER THE VAST EXPANSE~~~~~~

~~~~~~vF THE TWO CONTINENTS. WITH MOVEMENTS CF ONLY 20 OR 30 MILES EACH YEAR,~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT MIQHT HAVE HAPPENED IN AS LITTLE AS A ~OZEN GENERATIONS; BUT WE CAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAY FOR SURE THAT MAN HAO REACHED SOUTHERN PATAGONIA BY ABOUT 6000 8.C ••~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSSIBLY FAR EARLIER. BY THEN, WE MAY ASSUME, THE NEW.HOMELAND HAO BEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~£1tPLORED WITH SOME THOROUQHNESS; ANO PORTIONS OF IT· HAD ALREADY SEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~INHABITED FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS. IT WAS BY NO MEANS FILLED UP; BUT MANY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF ITS POTENTIALITIES WERE KNOWN, ANO AMERICAN INOIANS WERE WELL STARTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON THEIT OWN PECULIAR COURSE Or DEVELOPMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN THE MAN COMES 10 GEORGI A~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ROVINC EXISTENCE LEO av THESE WANDERING ~UNTERS DROUGHT THEM INTO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE REGION WHICH ts Now GE~RGIA AT A RELATIVELY EARLY DATE. WE oc NOT KNOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~av WHAT ROUTE ntEY CAME HERE, FOR , IT IS EA$IER TC SEEK 0lJT THE GEOGRAPHIC~~~~~~

LIMITATIONS WHICH RES~RICTE0 THE FIRST MIGRANTS TO THE NEW WORLD ~O A SINGLE ____ ~U.Q.T!S_Fl!_OM OOMULGEE ~Nl.MENT GA BOOKLET NO 24 PAGE 128 POINT OF ENTRY THAN IT IS TO TRACE THE WONOERJNGS OF THEIR DESCENDANTS

~~~~~~OVER SOME 8,000,000 SQ.UARE MILES OF NOR'ni AMERICA. NEVERTHELESS, V£~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARE BEGINNING TO GET A FEW HINTS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~FLUTED POINT SITES HAVE BEEN FOUND IN MASSACHUSETTS, PENNSYLVANIA AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIRGINIA; AND SINGEE FLUTED POINTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN A NUMBER OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~PLACES IN GA, TliOUGH POSSIBLY MORE OFTEN NORTH THAN SOUTH OF MACON.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE FLUTED S~ECIUEN, HOWEVER, WAS ACTUALLY EXCAVATED FROM THE MACON~~~~~~

~~~~~~' PLATEAU, A DESIGNATION ADOPTEO FOR THE HI LL TOP TERRAIN OF THE QCMULGEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EXCAVATIONS. THE RECOVERY HERE OF' OTI-£ R TOOLS OF THE SAME GREATLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~DECOMPOSED FLINT STRENGTHENS THE LI KELI HOOD OF A TRUE 11 PALEO-l t'1D1 ANn~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCCUPATION AT 0CMULGEE. THE INCLUSION AMONG THEM CF MANY THUUBNAIL~~~~~~

~~~~~~SCRAPERS OF A TYPE RECENTLY ~SHOWN TO BE DISTINCTIVE OF EASTERN FLUTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~POINT SITES IS ~SPECIALLLY SIGNIFICANT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FLUTED POINT, MISSING THE FORWARD ONE-THIRD OF ITS LENBTH, WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~A ~INE SPECIMEN OF THE SO-CALLEO CLOVIS TYPE OF THESE ARTIFACTS, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SO TYPICAL OF TiiOUSANDS OF SUCH IMPLEMENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN PICKED UP AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~RAND~ IN THE EASTERN UNI TEO STATES AS WELL AS IN THE VJ£ST. THE CLOVIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~POINT IS LIKE ITS FOLSOM COUSIN IN SEVERAL WAVS, PARTICULARLY IN HAVING~~~~~~

~~~~~~A LONG CHANNED FLAKE REMOVED FROM ONE OR BOTH CF' ITS FACES, POSSIBLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS A MEANS OF REDUCIN~ ITS TOTAL THICKNESS, AND IN THE GRINDING~ THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EDQE ALONG THE LOWER SIDES ANO ACROSS THE BASE TO AVOID CUTTING THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LASHINC.S WHICH BOUND IT TO THE SHA,T. LIKE TKE SMALLER FOLSOM P:>INT 1~~~~~~

~~~~~~Toe, IT IS NAMED FOR A SITE IN THE WESTERN HIGH PLAINS, WHERE ITS~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSI-_TI ON UNDERLY IN<. FOLSOM ON SOME SI TES AND I TS ASSOC I ATES WI TH~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAMMOTH DONES GIVE US DEFINITE CLUSES TO ITS AGE WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LIVING BY HUNTING, WHICH* WAS HARO WQRK, AND HUNTERS WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~USUALLY HINC.RV. THEY HAD TO WONDER IN SMALL BANDS WITH NO P-ERMANENT ...~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOMES ANO FEW POSSESSIONS. C:;NTI NU ALL V FOLL OWi NG THE GAME. -LI TTL.E ___ .,9.l&l!$_F~M Q.CMULGEE MONUME~JT GA BOOKLET NO. 24 PAGE 129~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENERGY WAS LEFT FOR OTHER THINGS. WILD NUTS, ROOTS, SEED, SWEET BERRI ES~~~~~~

~~~~~~GATHERED ANO ORIEO TN THE SUN BY THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN. NUTS WER£~~~~~~

~~~~~~POUNDED ANO BOILED TO OBTAIN OIL FOR FLAVORING STEWS - RIVER MUSSELS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE GATHERED ANC EATEN IN LARGE NUMBERS. FISH WERE AN ADDITIONAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOOD. TH£RE WERE CAUGHT IN LARGE NUMBERS IN NETS. FOOD FROM THE WATERS: **** *~OUR CHIEF REMINDER OF THE PRESENCE OF THESE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARLY SHELL GATHERS- LIES IN THE PILES OF SHELLS WHICH MARK THE SCENE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THEIR ACTIVITIES. OF COURSE ntE BONES OF DEER, BEAR AND CTHEf~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILD LIFE MIXED WITH THE SHELLS SHOW US TH~T T~ VARY THEIR DIET THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~DID A ,coo BIT OF HUNTING ANO Fl S HING AS WE LL, - ***1 * * * :ii..: :il--~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT TO- READ t, ALL :F TH IS B·JOKLET No 24, FROM TH£ GcV£RNMENT PRINTING~~~~~~

~~~~~~0FFIC£ IS CERTAINLY INTERESTING • .. - - - - HERE IS A LETTER WRITTEN av BURTCN JONES, 502 8ELVOIR AVENUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHATTANn0GA II, tENNESSEE JUN£ 25, 1957:~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEAR MRS BURNS~ ~OUR LETTER CAME A FEW OAVS AGO AND THE INFOR~ATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~YOU Jl'l(NT IS ABOUT AS P'OLLOWS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~MY MOTHER MARGUERITE \YEATHERLV WAS THE DAUGHTER '$ CLEMENTINE PARKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND WILSON H. WEATHERLY, WAS ORIGINALLY MARRIED TO ABRAH#A LOONEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO DIED £ARLY LEAVING ONE SON ABE LOONEY. HIS DESCENDANTS ALL DEAD•~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PARKS ~AMILY WERE PART CHEROKEE INDIAN AND DESCENDANTS C:F~~~~~~

~~~~~~NAICY \YARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~THROUGH SUSANNAH TAYLOR. ALL nflS PARKS FAMILY WENT TO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE NATI ON ABOUT 18&0? NOT MUCH HEARD FROM THEM SINCE. MRS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PHILLIPS t S THE SAME DESCENDANT AS l AM AS HER MOTHER WAS THE LAST OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WEATHERLY-PARKS MARRIAGE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE IS NO CHAPTER OF" OAR IN POLK COUNTY BUT TH EV ASSOC I ATE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH TH£ OCOEE CHAPTffi OF CLEVELAN~, TENNESSEE. THINK MISS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIZABETH FILLAUER IS R£GDIT. f.r1R. J. P. BROWN LIVES IN MEMPHIS, ...... NAN: Y WAFQ REC ._ ..... OROS ..., ..... PAGE 130 LETTER FROM BURToN JONES CONTINUED:~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENNESSEE 1450 MoNROE STREET, MR. Rove LILLARD, BENTON, TENN£SSE£~~~~~~

~~~~~~IS NOW WRITING A HISTORY OF POLK COUNTY. THEY HAVE A NEW SOCIETY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE NOW. I HA\/£ OFTEN WONDERED WHAT BECAME OF THE NANCY WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATUE IN THE OLD ARNWINE CEMETERY. THAT WAS A MVST£RY TO ME AS IT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS TRUE To HISTORY, W Q.UITE A PERFECT Pl-EC£ rF WORK THAT WOULD NOT~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE BEEM DONE Willi A GOOD MOTIVE AND THEN CAST OFF LIKE IT WAS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I HAVE OFTEN WONDERED IF THE LADY IN ASHLAND, KY. WOULD NOT BE GLAD TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEE IT PLACED TO THE GRAVE OF' NAN:Y \¥ARO IN POLK COUNTY. Ti-PS IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROBABLY WHERE IT WAS EN ROUTE WHEN LOST IN THE CLINCH Rt VER. C CULO~~~~~~

~~~~~~YOU GIVE ME THE NAME OF THIS LADY? I AM NOW NEARING MY 80TH~~~~~~

~~~~~~BIRTHDAY, OCTOBER 7, AND FEEL.INC GOOD FOR MY AGE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MV T\ME IS a SPENT MOSTLY IN CIVIC AFFAIRS AS l FINO THIS MOST~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTERESTING ANO PROBABLY MOST USEFUL• VERY FEW OF MV PEOPLE OF ,,, oRa,tNAL LINE ARE NOW GONE. MY GRANDFATHER WEATHERLY WAS THE FASHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF 19 CHILDREN AND ONLY ONE LIVING IN FLORIDA AND AGE 90.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IF YOU HAVE LEARNED ANYTHING REGARDINQ THE NANCY WARD STATUE I W~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT IT SO AS Tv COMPLETE THE INFORMATION.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Mas.GRANT FoREMAN WROTE A HI STORY OF ''CHERuKEE CH I EFS WHICH INCLUDED~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY -ARD ANO I FURNISHED PICTURES FOR IT. HER ADDRESS IS MUSKOGEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OKLAHOMA. THERE IS A TENNESSEE HISTORICAL MARKER TO THE NANCY WARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~GRAVE ON HIGHWAY 411 NOW. THIS I HELPED TO GET. THIS IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUT ALL I CAN TH INK OF NOW THAT YOU MAY 8£ INTERESTED IN. SoRRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~C~N'T SENO MORE OF THE NANCY WARD DESCENDANTS FOR THEY HAVE CHECKED~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUT AND LEFT NO FORWARDING ADDRESS. Want KINDEST REGARDS I AM~~~~~~

~~~~~~YouRS VERY TRULY, BURTON JONES~~~~~~

TH£ FOLLOWING PAGES ARE OF A DESCENDANT OF NANCY WARD, WHOSE NAME as LOUU P.EARL JONES PHILLIPS: - --~-----DAR PAPERS OF LCULA PEARL JONES PHILLIPS 131 NANNI OR NAN:Y WARD WAS 80RN NEAR FORT LOUDON, AOOUT

~~~~~~1737 OIEO IN POLK COUNTY TEN,1aESSEE IN THE SPRING uF 1824.~~~~~~

~~~~~~0URI NG THE REVOLUTIONARY VIAR SHE LIVED AT CHQTA; INDI Af~TOWN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENNESSEE. 1.- - - JAMES WHITE JONES, BORN 4-20 1851 AT FLINT SPRINGS (BRADLEY)~~~~~~

~~~~~~Co TENNESSEE, DIED AT CLEVELAND, 12-20-1896 ANO HIS FIRST WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEMENTINE PARLEE WEATHERLY, 12-3-1862, CLEVELAND, TENN, DIED NEAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHATTANOOGA 8-26-1944 MARRIED 5-5-t88t.~~~~~~

~~~~~~2.CLEMENTI NE PARALEE WEATHERLY WAS THE CHILD OF WILSON HARD IN \P/EA7HERLV~~~~~~

~~~~~~BORN 7-10-1815 GUILF.JRO COUNTY, rJoRTH CAROLINA, DIEO AT FLINT SPf.!NGS~~~~~~

~~~~~~(BRADLEY COUNTY, TENNESSEE 3-22-1903 AND HIS FIRST WIFE CLEMENTINE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PARKS LOONEY OR LOWERV, BORN 5-18-1821 IN ROANE COUNTY TEN:\ESSEE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~DIEC IN BRADLEY Co TENN 0ECEMBER 5, 1862, MARRIED 7-11-1851.~~~~~~

~~~~~~3. CLBJ.ENTINE PARKS WAS THE CHILO OF SAMUEL PARKS BORN 1-12-1789~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY Co, TENN DIED NEAR CHARLESTON, BRAOLEY Co, TENNESSEE 1-3-1841~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HIS WIFE SUSAN TAYLOR a0RN 2-1-1798 NEAR CHARLESToN,(BRADLEY Co)~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENNESSEE DIED 12-21-1876 MARRIED APRIL 1814.~~~~~~

~~~~~~4. SUSAN TAYLOR WHO WAS THE CHILD OF CHARLES FOX TAYLOR BuRN AGCUT 1780~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN ENGLAND DIED AT (BELIEVEO HAMILTON CC: TENN, ABOUT 1819- HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~JENNIE (JANE) WALKER BORN 1780 IN POLK Co TENN DIED POLK Co TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~• ABOUT 1819. MARRIED IN VICINITY OF CHEROKEE NATION. s. JENNIE (JANE) WALKER WAS THE CHILD OF JOHN 'f✓ALKER OGRN AB~·UT 1755~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN POLK Co TENN DIEO IN BRADLEY Co TENN AFTER 1836 AND HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~, CATHARINE BORN 1?53 DIED IN POLK C~ TENN t836, MARRIED ON --- 6. CA.THARINE WAS THE CHILO ~ KINQF'ISHER OORN ABOUT 1755 VICINITY CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE, DIED AT BATTLE OF MUSKOCEE OEFCRE REVOLUTION AND HIS WIFE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~NAN1~1- NANCY VIARD BORN ABOUT 1737 NEAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORT LoUOON 9 DIED lN POLK Co TENN SPRING OF 1824, MARRIED AMONG THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE. ''WOLF CLAN" ,,_,~ ______DAR _,,_,....PAPERS ___ OF LOULA PEARL JONES PH!LLIPS: PAGE 132~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROOF: FJR 2ND GENERATION SEE ARTICLES "LEAVES F~M FAMILY TREE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY PENELOPE JOHNSON ALLEN, STATE GENEALOGICAL RECORDS TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOCIETY OAR CHATTANOOGA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~3R0 GENERATION; SUNDAY TIMES: OCTOBER 18 1936, CF AND TO OCT 25,1936~~~~~~

~~~~~~5TH C.ENERArl ON MEMBER OF O~R ,#339054 OCOEE TENNESSEE, TENN.SOCIETY~~~~~~

~~~~~~6TH GENERATION HAVWOGD' S HI ST;.;,RY OF TENi~ESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~RAMSEY'S HISTORY OF TEN,.ESSEE PAGES 144 157 161 AND 273~~~~~~

~~~~~~7TH SEE BRADLEY Co, TENN AND HAM IL TON CO TENN RECCRDS •~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE INDIANS BY EMMETT STARR, PAGES 350,468,469,4101 414 A~D 657.~~~~~~

~~~~~~8TH FORT HILL CEMETARV CLEVELANO AND FLINT SPRI NGS,8RADLEY Co~ TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I• HUSBAND OF NANCY WARD, WAS KINQFISHER• INDIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~2ND HUSBAND 8RVANT WaRD~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHILDREN a= KINGFISHER AND NANCY WARD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CATHARINE (I) SAMUEL CANDY (2) JOHN WALKS< (3) ELL I S HARLAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITTLE FELLOW OR FIVE KILLER, CHILDREN CF KINGFISHER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANCESTOR SERVICES; OAR PAPER 339054.~~~~~~

~~~~~~NNANCV WAfO SENT A TRADER ISAAC THOMAS AHO A HALF BREED, WILLIAM FAWLING~~~~~~

~~~~~~To WARN SETTLERS OF THE PENDING ATTACK BY DRAGGING CANOE, A □ RAHAM AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~PATRIOTS Wint MILK AND O~EJ" S~ DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, SHE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LIV£0 AT CHOTA, -- SHE LIVED TO OE AN ELDERLY WOMAN AND LATE IN LIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LIVED ON THE 'NOMAN KILLER FORD OF OCOEE RIVER NCW IN POLK co TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE SHE CONDUCTED AN INN WHICH WAS VERY P0fULAR WITH TRA VEL.ERS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~- SHE DIED THERE IN SPRING OF 1824.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE NANCY WARD CHAPTER DAR HAS ERECTED A MONUMENT ON HER GRAVE -~~~~~~

~~~~~~A RECOGNIZED PATRIOT. ENO OF KRS. PHILIPS OAR PAP~S. NoTE: PAGE 133~~~~~~

~~~~~~El..lZASETH (BE"TlY WARD} MARTIN'S 2ND HUSBAND AFTER SEPARATION FROM GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN WAS ..... --~--- ...... HUGHES SEE MADISON WISCONSIN DRAPER MANUSCRIPT 3(X4, PAGE 7-8-19~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 7 OF CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES OCTOBER 18,1936, AND PAGE I-A~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THIS NEWSPAPER: "LEAVES F~M T~E FAMILY TREE~~~~~~

~~~~~~VJEATHERL.Y FAMILY VMO CAME lO OCOEE DISTRICT IN BRADLEY COU~TY 1837~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLAIMS DESCENT FROM EDWARD WEATHERLY, WHO IS BELIEVED TO HAVE COME FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENGLAND TO BALTIMORE IN 1HE 18TH CENTURY, FAMILY SETT''--ED IN Nc,R-ru~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAROLINA OEFORP COMING To TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY PENELOPE JOHNSON ALLEN, STATE CHAIRMAN OF GENEALCGICA~~~~~~

~~~~~~REcoROS TENNESSEE SoclETY DA~. SEVERAL PICTURES ON THIS PAGE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~INCLUDE A HOUSE OR HOME, ON THE LEFT, W GREEN V.'EATHERLY, 2ND CH I LO,~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLDEST CHILD TO LI VE. CENTER OF THE PICTURJ:" IS SARAH \1IEATHERLY, DAU~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF W H WEATHERLY, WIFE OF WM MORELOCK RIGHT, WILSON H. VJQT11ERLY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~BELOW WEATHERLY HOME, FLINT SPltlNGS TENNESSEE (BRADLEY Co,)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE LINE OF THE WEATHERLY FAMILY HERE TRACED IN 'tHE FAMILY ~O WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMONC THE PIONEERS OF BRADLEY CO TENN. THEY CAME TO THE OC6EE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISTRICT IN 1837 SHORTLY AFTER THE LAND IN THIS SECTION WAS OPENED~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO SETTLEMENT, AND UANY DESCENDANTS STILL RESIDE IN 1HIS VICINITY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS SKETCH IS TAKEN FROM NoTES FURNISHED BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN M)RGAN WOOTeJ, HISTORIAN OF BRADLEY Co, TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE LI NE OF WEATHERLY 1 S HERE TRACED CLAIMS DESCENT FROM EDWARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY WHO IS SAID TO HAVE COME FROM ENGLAND IN TH£ 18TH CENTURY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND LANDED AT BALTIMORE, AFTER SPENDING SOME TIME IN MARVLANO,~~~~~~

~~~~~~EDWARD WEATHERLY REMOVED TO GUILFORD Co NC WHERE HE DIED LEAVING A~~~~~~

~~~~~~NUMBER OF CHILDREN, AMONG WHOM WERE FOUR SONS, WM, JOHN, EDWARO ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARK WEATHERLY, OF ntE ABOVE SONS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~Wu WEATHERLY WAS BORN ABOUT 1783 IN GUILFORD Co NC AflO DIED P~GE 134~~~~~~

~~~~~~~-----_,_._.CHATTANOOGA ___SUNDAY __ TIMES OCT 18, 1936 TJ~~~~~~

~~~~~~4-5-1865 IN BRADLEY Co TENN. HE MARRIED NANCY WALKER A NATI VE~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROCKINGHAM CON C AND AFTER SEVERAL YEARS REMOVED WllH HIS FAMILY TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENN. NANCY WALKER WEATHERLY DIED 12-5-1837 IN HENRY Co TENN AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WIDOWED HUSBAND REMOVED A&AIN AND IN THE S~~E YEAR, LOCATED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY Co TENN. THEY WERE THE PARENTS OF ELEVEN CHILDREN, AMONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~MfOU WF.RE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I WM WEATHERLV WHO MARRIED JULY 18,1839 RACHEL MCALISTER CF McMINN Co~~~~~~

~~~~~~2. ROBERT T. WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 WovDSON WEATHERLY MARRIED MARCH 4, 1841 ELIZABETH HANKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF McMINN Co TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~__4 ,_,WILSON ___ ..., ___ HARDIN _.,..., ...WEATHERLY ___ _ BORN JULY 10, 1815~~~~~~

~~~~~~5 WASHINQTON WEATHERLY MARRIED Nvv 23 1841 EMILY J. BRANNOCK OF McMINN~~~~~~

~~~~~~Co TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ 6 WARREN WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~8 Doc ENI A VIEATH ERLY MARRIED PLEAS I LAWSON OF CL!'.VELANO TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSJN HARDIN WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~4TH CHILO AVOVE. WlLSlN HARDIN WEATHERLY BORN JULY 19, 1815~~~~~~

~~~~~~GUILFORD Co NC DIED MARCH 22, 1903 AT FLINT SPRINGS, BRADLEY Co TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS THE 4TH CHILD OF HIS PARENTS. HE CAME TO TENN WITH THE PARENTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO REMOVED TO BRADLEY Co WI TH HIS FATHER I 837. AS A YOUNG MAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE TAUGHT SCHOOL AT PINEY ANO LATER MOVED TO THE FLINT SPRINGS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEIGHBORHOOD, WHERE HE BECAME A suecESStrUL. FARMER. AT ONE Tl ME HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OWNED MORE THAN 1000 ACRES OF LAND IN ADDITION TO HIS AGGRICULTURAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTERESTS, HE ENC.AC.ED IN STOCK RA I SI NG ANO TRADING. HE AL SO RAN A~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ENERAL STORE, A MILL, COTTON &IN AND A W0JO CARDING MILL. HE WAS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEMBER OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH ANO A ROYAL ARCH PAGE I 35 ,.....CHATTANOOGA _____ .__ SUNDAY -~ ....TIMES OcT 18 1936~~~~~~

~~~~~~WlLS)N HARDIN WEATHERLY WAS MARRIED THREE TIMES AND HAD ISSUE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~18 CHILDREN. HE MARRIED FIRST JULY 19, 1839 TO RACHEL CAFFEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~BORN At'R 16, 1817 GUILFORD Co N ~. OlED MARCH 10, 1851 AND ISSUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~S I X CH I LOR EN •~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSON HARDIN 'NF.ATl-iERLY MARRIED SS:ONO JULY It, 1851~~~~~~

~~~~~~MRS. CLEMENTINE (PARKS) LOONEY, WI oow OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES A• LOONEY, WHO WAS BORN MAY 18, 1821, ROANE Co TENNESSEE, DI ED~~~~~~

~~~~~~0Ec 5, t862 IN BRADLEY Co TE'NN. THEY HAO ISSUE SEVEN CHILDR~.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTINUED IN SUNDAY CHATTANOOGA TIMES OCT J-3 ,936:~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHILORr-N OF WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY SY HIS SECOND MARRIAGE 'NERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~7 : RACHEL L WEATHERLY BORN Nov 5 1853 MARRIED MARSH MILLER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 8 MARQARET EUGENIA WEATHERLY BORN Nov 5, 1853 MARRlED FIRST~~~~~~

~~~~~~WM 0. JONES, MARRIED SECOND I. C. ARRANTS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~9 MARTHA \VEATHERLY BORN MARCH Z1 L855 MARRIED JOHN BLACKBURN~~~~~~

~~~~~~10 EMMA WEATHERLY MARRIED JESSE O 8LACK8URN~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 JOHN w. '..lJEATHERLV BORN A PR 29 1859~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED SADIE BAIRD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~12 HENRY 8 WEATliERLV BORN FEB 12 1861 MARRIED BESS MARSHALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~13 CLa£NTINE WEATHERLY BORN DEC 3 1862 MARRIED FIRST TO JAr.. ·;ES W JONES 2Ho COLUMBUS VtbRttAAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~14 ELIZABETH CAMPBELL WEATHERLY BORN JULY 16, 1864 MARRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WM KENNEDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~15 ALICE WEATHERLY BORN MAV 11, 1867 01 £0 AGE 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~16 HETTIE WEATHERLY BORN AUG 22 1869 MAR~IEO JArtAES KENNEDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~17 FANNIE WEATHERLY SORN APR 27 1872 OIEOIN INFANCY~~~~~~

~~~~~~18 CHARLES ISAAC WEATHERLY BORN 1-12-1875 MARRIED 1ST TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~FANNY WATERHOUSE 2ND TO RUTH SMITH --CHATTANOOGA------SUNDAY TIMES OCT 18, 1936 PACE 136 ABE LOONEY SON OF MRS CLEMENTI NE (PARKS) LOONEY, 2ND WI FE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILS)N HARDIN WEATHERLY WAS REARED IN THE WEATHERLY FAMILY AS ONE CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHILDREN AND WAS LOOKED UPON AS A BROTHER BY ALL THE OTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~CH I LOREN. ABE LOONEY MARR I ED SUSAN Ml LLER ANO HAD I SSJ E:~~~~~~

~~~~~~(I) MARY LOONEY MARRIED BART WILSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~(2) VIDA LOONEY M~RRlEO HENRY 8RO'IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~(3) UNA LOONEV~~~~~~

~~~~~~(4) Ex1L LOONEY MARRIED AN ADAIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE FORE~C I NG CH I LDREN OF WILSON HARDI N VIEATHE RL Y:~~~~~~

~~~~~~2. WM GREENE 'li'EATHERL V BORN SEPT 34 1840 BR ADLEY CO TENN MAR~I ~D~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARGARET MORELOCK OF BLUE SPRINGS AND REMOVED TO BUCHANAN GEORGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE HE DIED: ISSUE: A• CARL COWAN BCRN MARGAIE COWAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~(3) WM W WEATHERLY BORN FEB 24 1867 DIED JULY 22 1914 MARRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~LILLIE JONES, DAUGHTER OF JAMES L JGNES OF FLINT SPRINGS TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~A• RAYMOND WEATHERLY B. WILLARD WEATHERLY C. MADGE \VEATHER LY~~~~~~

~~~~~~4. CHARLES BASCOM '//EATHERLY GREW TO MANHOGD Ai'\D DIED AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUCH AN AN GA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~5. NORA WEATHERLY MARRIED MR. GRIFFIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~6. TOKAY CLEMENTI NE WEATHERLY MARRIED IC LAUDE MOORE~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 NANCY JANE WEATHERLY K DAUGHTER OF WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS BORN Aue s. 1842 DIED APR I 23 1831 MARRIED OR. G. A. RAMSEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO PRACTICED HIS PROFESSION AT BENTON AND CLEVELAND TENN. ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I SARAH VIRGINIA RAMSEY MARRIED JAMES BALDWIN ANO RESIDED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEWISTON, IDAHO; ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~B. RuBERT 8ALDWTW C. JOHN BALD Wt N~~~~~~

~~~~~~4. ROBERT WATSON WEATHERLY, SON OF WILSON HARDIN ANO RACHEL (CAFFEY}~~~~~~

WEATHERLY WAS BORN MAV 17, 1844, BRADLEY Co TENN, DIED JUNE 20,1916 CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES OCT 18, 1936 C)NTINUEO; ..... ------_, .... At-iO IS BURI EO AT DAL TCN, GA• HE FOUGHT AS A S0LD I ER IN THE UN I ON

~~~~~~ARMY DURING THE CIVIL WAR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 2 SUNDAY TIMES OF CHATTANOOGA OCT 18, 1936~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND WAS MUSTERED OUT AT NASHVILLE. HE WAS THE ONLY ONE OF THE CHILDR~~~~~~

~~~~~~EN OF WIL&lN HARDIN WEATHERLY WHO SEREEO IN THIS WAR• HE LIVED FCR A~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHILE AT REO CLAY GA ANO LATER MOVED TO ATLANTA, WHERE HE RESIDED~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR A WHILE AND THEN LOCATED AT DALTON GA, HE BCUGHT THE MEADOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~BROOK l'ARM AT COHUTTA GA WHERE HE WAS ENQAGEO IN DAIRY FARMIN~ AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TI-IE TIME OF HIS 0EA1H. ROBERT \NATSON \A/EATHERLY MARRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 TI MES• HI S FI R ST WI FE WA SA LI C £ HOS KI NS, 8 Y WH OM TH ERE WA S N 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE. HE MARRIED 2ND LUCRETIA ANN CAROLYN BLAIR, BORN 1-16-18~:~~~~~~

~~~~~~DIED OCT 26 1907 DAU OF THE REv SAMUEL JEFFERSON BLAIR AND HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY LOU I SA WALKER BU I R~~~~~~

~~~~~~I SSJ E 3 CH I LC REN , HE MARR I ED 3 RO VEN I E 'II ADE , N C I S SU E~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE: I. J. FRANK WEATHERLY MARRIED ELLA MORRIS, OF WARTBURY TENNESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE.; A• MARY GLENN WEATHERLY MARRIE~ DELMAR REYNOLDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~a. KATHARYEN ~-'EATHERLY. 2. MARY WEATHERLY MARRIED GUILFCRD~~~~~~

~~~~~~CANNON JR OF DALTON GA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~GUILFORD CAN•--~ON 111 AND BLAIR CANNON~~~~~~

~~~~~~3. BERTIE LUCRETIA WEATHERLY MARRl£D VJ F HUFFAKER CF DALTON GA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE: A. WM FRANKLIN HUFF~KER JR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAR~IED AMALEE ~UARLES OF CHATSWJRTH GA, ISSUE VIRGINIA ANN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HUFFAKER. RosERT WATSON HUFYAKER~~~~~~

~~~~~~4. E"niEL WEATHERLY 5. MARY L WEATHERLY DAUGHTER OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WIL&,N HARDIN AND RACHEL (CAFFEY) 'I/EATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~BORi'>l SEPT 13 1846 DIED MAY 10 1870 MARRIED BEN JONES C1=' BLUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPRINGS, VALLEY, BRADLEY Co TENN. ISSUE ....-.----~----~-----CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES OCT 18 1936 CvNTD. PAGE 138 I. ALICE JONES OIEC IN INFANCY~~~~~~

~~~~~~6 9•RAH WEATHERLY DAUGHTER OF WM HARDIN AND RACHEL (CAFFEY)~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY BORN JAN 4 1849 MARRIED WM MORELOCK A BROTHER OF RoBERT~~~~~~

~~~~~~MORELOCK VA-10 MARklEO WM GREENE WEATHERLY. THEY RESIDED IN RED HILL~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY co TENN NEAR FLINT SPRINGS, AND LATER REMOVED TO 11:XAS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~lSSJE: WERE OSCAR MORELOCK 2. ~ MORELOCK 3 HORACE MORELOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO IS PRESIDENT OF TEXAS STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE• 4. MAUDE tvt.: RELOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIEO MR. PATTERSON, 5 GEORGE MORELOCK 6 WATSON MORELOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~7 LESTER McRELOCK 8 MAY MORELOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~NoTE; THE SKETCH OF THE WEATHERLY FAMILY WILL OE RESUMED NEXT SUNDAY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE REMAINING CHILDREN CF WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY.: **FROM PAGE 7 CHATTANOCGA SUNDAY TIMES OCT 18 :936~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSON HARDIN WEA1HERLY iJARRIED 3Ro REaECCA TATE ~11H DAUGHTER oF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISAAC AND ELIZABETH WHITE SMITH, WHO WAS BORN DEC 29 1827 McMINN Co.~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENN 01 ED JULY 31, 1910 8RAOLEV CO TENN ISSUE FI VE CH I LDR£111:~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHILDREN OF WILSON HARDIN \YEATHERLY av HIS FIRST MARRIAGE WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~t. FIRST CHILO DIED AT BIRTH. 2 WM GREEN WEATHERLY BORN 9-24-1840~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED MARGARET MORELOCK. 3 NANCY JANE WEATHERLY 8 8-5-1842 MARRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~DR G A RAMSEY 4 ROBERT WATSON WEATHERLY BORN MAY 17 1844~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED 3 TIMES. ,1RST TO ALICE HOSKINS, 2 LUCREATIA A BLAIR, 3~~~~~~

~~~~~~5 MARYL WEATHERLY BuRN SE~T 13 1846 MARRIED 8EN JONES~~~~~~

~~~~~~6 SARAH WEATHERLY BORN JAN 4 1849 MARRIED WM MORELOCK ------FRO/& CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES OCT 25, 1936~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE FcATuRE SEtTION: SCME MORE PICTURES OF T!-!E WEATHffiLY FAMILY:~~~~~~

~~~~~~UPPER LEFT HENRY B. WEATHERLY SON OF WILSJN HARDIN 'NEATuERLY WHO~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOCATED AT ROME GA, UPPER CENTER, REGECCA SMITH WEATHERLY 1925~~~~~~

~~~~~~To 1910 THIRO WIFE OF WtLSON HARDIN WEATHERLY. UPPER RIGHT .. WILSON HARD IN WEA ll-fERLY t8t 5 1903. PROMINENT PIONEER OF BRADLEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTY FROM CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES OCT 25, 1936 CONTINUED PAGE 139 ..... ~ ...... _~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTYWHO RESIOEO FuR MANY YEARS AT FLINT SPRINGS. MAMY OF HIS DES-~~~~~~

~~~~~~CEND ANTS LI VE IN 1H IS SECTION OF TENN.. 9F {C Er·~TER ) uF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PICTURE IS EMMA WEATHERLY DAUGHTER OF WILSON HARDIN WfATHERLY, -~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHE MARR I ED JESSE O BLACKBURN AND IS THE ONLY CHILO TH£ PIONEER NOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~LIVING - IN THE PICTURE• LOWER LEFT WM O JONES, HUSBAND OF MARGAR~T~~~~~~

~~~~~~£UC.ENI I WEATHERLY - LOVJEr, CENTEk CLEMENTI NE WEATHERLV DAUGHTER OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSON HARDlN WEATHERLY, WHO MARRIED FIRST JAMES W. JONES, SECOND~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLUMBUS P WORKMAN, LOWER RI QHT JOHN W BLACKBURN SON OF VIM HARDIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY WHO WAS A SUCCESS~UL MERCHANT OF LOUISVILLE, KY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY FAMILY: LAST SUNDAY A SKETCH OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY ~AMILY G~ BRADLEY COUNTY TENN WAS BEGUN WHICH TRACED TH~~~~~~~

~~~~~~DESCENDANTS OF THIS FAMILY THROUGH TiiE SIXTH CHILD OF WILSON MAP8tN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY PIONEER SETTLER oF FLINT SPRING·s. T·JDAV ARTICLE IS RESUMED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH RACHELL..,. WEATHERLY 7TH CHILO OF WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY •~~~~~~

~~~~~~7 • RACHEL L • WEA TH ERL V F' IR ST CH I L D OF 1t1 L Su N HARD I N W£ATH ERL Y AN O H I S~~~~~~

~~~~~~2ND WI ,-E CLQ1ENTI NE {PARKS) LOONEY WAS BORN 1852 IN BRADLEY Co TE~N~~~~~~

~~~~~~DIED AUG 23, 1934 MARRIED MARSH MILLER OF HAMILTON COUNTY:~~~~~~

~~~~~~OOLTE~VAH TENNESSEE: ISSUE: \'IEt~~~~~~

~~~~~~l. LOONEY MILLER•~~~~~~

~~~~~~8 MARGARET EU~ENIA WEATHERLY SECOND CHILD OF WM HARDIN WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HIS WI FE CLEMENTI NE PARKS LOONEY W£ATHE~~LY WAS BORN I 1-5-1852 IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY CO TENN O I ED JUNE 13 I 931 MARkl ED Fl RST WI LL I AM O. JONES~~~~~~

~~~~~~BORN JAN 13 1853; DIED 11-18-1900~~~~~~

~~~~~~(SEE LEAVES FROM THE FAMILY TREE MAY 6, 1934:~~~~~~

~~~~~~M~RGARET EUGENIA WEATHERLV MARRIED AS HER 2ND HUSBAND I. C. ARRANTS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE WERE NO CHILDREN av THE 2ND MARRIAGE. ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I • 8URTON JONES OF CHATTAN00GA MARRIED 9-25-t 906 PEARL CARROLL.~~~~~~

~~~~~~TWEV HAD ISSUE ONE SON J,HN CARROLL JvNES, BCRN 7-12-1907. DIED • F~OM CHA TTANGOGA SUNDAY Tl MES OF MAY 6, 1934~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEs 11 1931 MARf~~~~~~

~~~~~~A• ELIZAOETH ANN JONES, O. NANCY C ARRC'LL JONES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~2. MA8GIE JONES MiRRIEO JAN 20 1903 DR.TH£ DAVIS OF BRADLEY 80 TEN~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO DIED AUG 14 1927 ISSUE: A• HENRY DAVIS o. JOHN DAVIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~c. MARY RuTH DAVIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~3. WILSON JOIIES OF CHATTANOOGA MARRIED MAGEL COOPER - ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~s.ELIZAi$ETH JONES. c. JAMES JONES. O. WILSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~JONES E. HENRY JONES. F. BOBBY JONES~~~~~~

~~~~~~9~ MARTHA '!/EATHERLY DAUGHTER OF ~VILS,..;N HARDIN '!✓ EATHERLY AND HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEMENTINE PARKS LOONEY WEATHERLY WAS BORN MARCH 27 1855, 8RA0LEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~CO• TENN•~~~~~~

~~~~~~M JOHN I. BLACKBURN ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I • HvMER 6LACK8URN, 2. JEN:~ IE 8LACKBUfiN MARRIED A .Q. Qu B"SE. ISSUE;~~~~~~

~~~~~~A· A. D. DUBOSE JR. s. JANE DuBoNSE OR OuBOSE~~~~~~

~~~~~~3. FLODA BLACKBURN. 4. BE~DIE BLACKOURN, MARRIED ARCHIE JEFFORDS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE A• ARCHIE JEFFORDS, JR. BQA o. DARRELL JEFFORDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~5. GERTRUDE BLACK3URN MARRIED OuDLEV CUMMINGS, ISSUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~A• MARntA CUMMINGS MARRIED JAMES PHILLIPS OF MORRISTOWN TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~10. EMMA 'HEATHERLY DAUGHTER OF 'NILSON HARDIN ~VcAT:,-£RLY AND HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLB~ENTINE PARKS WEATHERLY IS THE ONLY CHILO OF THE PIONEER ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~RESIDES AT CLEVELAND TENN. SHE MARRIED JESSE 0. BLACKBURN, ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I. bESSIE BLACKBURN MARRIED JERRE CHAMBERS ISSUE 2. PHILIP~~~~~~

~~~~~~a. MAX TRENT CHAMBERS, c. GERHARD C. EL TON~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHAMBERS, E. MARVIN CHAMBERS F. FLOSSIE CHAMBERS, G. JESSIE~~~~~~

~~~~~~£MMA CHAMBERS, He JEROME CHAMBERS. 2. J. WALTER BLACKBURN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED LAURA SWARTS ISSUE. A• DOROTHY SWARTS s. MARCELL$ SWARTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~c. EDNA SWARTS. D. J WALTER ~LACKBUHN JR. E. BEDFORD BLACKBURN ._.,_,...., ______FRClt: ..._... CHATTAr~OOGA ___ ,__,....., SUNDAY TH.~ES OF MAY 6, 1934 PAGE 141~~~~~~

~~~~~~3. CLYDE BLACKBURN MARRIED STELLA MOWERY ISSUE;~~~~~~

~~~~~~J .C • BLACKBURN a. JR BL.CKBURN, c. JOHN BLACKBvRN cLACKBURN, E. JANE BLACKBURN F • JACK 8LACKBURN G. GENE BLACK BURN~~~~~~

~~~~~~H WALTER BLACKOURN~~~~~~

~~~~~~4. FLOSSIE BLACKBURN MARRIED GROVER fELKE~ OF BALTIN GA, NO ISSUE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~5. CLEMMIE BLACK BURN MARRIED HOMER 'I. SM I TH l S SUE A. HOMER \V. JR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~6. CATHARINE BLACKBURN MARRIED JAMES P. CAYLOR ISSUE A• ~IRGINIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAYLOR B. JAMES+• CAYLOR, c. FRANCIS CAYLOR. D. ONIE MARGARET CAYLOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~7. JESSE 0. BLACKBURN JR. MARRIED MADGE HOLT OF GREENVILLE, TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO DIED 3-10-1933~~~~~~

~~~~~~8. DoROTHV BLACKBURN MARRIED PLEDGES COLLINS, ISSUE, A KAREN 8ERMICE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLL I NS, B. WM BLACKBURN COLL I NS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~II JOHN W WEATHERLY SON OF WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY ~NO HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEMENTINE PARKS LvONEV WEATHERLY WAS SORN APRIL 29 1860. HE MARRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~SADIE BAIRO ANO WAS A WHOLE SALE ORY G00DS MERCHANT IN LOUISVILLE KY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE; MARTHA WEATHERLY MARRIED OR. MOODY AND JOHN W. WEATHERLY JR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~12. HENRY 8. WEATHERLY SON CF WILSON HAROIN WEATHERLY ANO HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEMENTI NE PARKS \.VEATHERLY WAS BORN 2-12-1861 MARRIED 8ESSI E MARSHAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND RcSIDEO IN RoME GEORGIA; ISSUE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I. EDI TH . EATHERLY MARRIED MR. SLATER~~~~~~

~~~~~~13. CLEMENTINE WEATHERLY DAUGHTER OF WILSON WEATHERLY ~NO HIS WIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEMEN Tl NE PARKS LOONEY WEATHERLY WAS OORN 12-3-1862 MARRI EO Fl RST~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES WHITE JONES - MARRIED 2NO MAR ION COLUMBUS WORKMAN ISSJE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I. LULA PEARL JONES WHO MARRIED MACKLEN PHILLIPS OF NASHVlLLE,TENN ISSUE {SEE HER O~R PAPERS PREVIOUS TO THIS ARTICLE)~~~~~~

~~~~~~A• MADIN PHILLIPS; 8 WEl..D\JN PHILLIPS. 2 HENRY WEATHERLY JONE~~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED IRENE HOWARD, ISSUE HENRY WEAn.ERLV JONES, JR. ....FROM ____ CHATTANOOGE ,... ______SUNDAY TIMES OF MAY 6, 1934 PAGE 142~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSON HARDIN WEATHERLY MARRIED JULY 18 1863 AS HIS 3RD WIFE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~REOECCA TATE SMITH BORN 12-29-1827 McMINN Co TENN DIED JULY 31~ 1910~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAUGHTER OF ISAAC ANO ELIZABETH WHITE SMITH. THE CHILDREN OF WILSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~HARDIN WEATHERLY BY HIS THIRD MARRIAGE WERE 14. EL12ACF'TH CAMPBELL~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEATHERLY BORN JULY 16, 1864 DIED FEG 14 1895 MARRIED WM KENNEDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISSUE: l • JOHN KENi~EDY. 2, WI LL IE MAE KENNEDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~15. ALICE WEATHERLY BORN MAY 22 1867 WAS BURNED TO OEA-nf AT AGE 5.~~~~~~

~~~~~~16 fll HETTIE VIEATHERLY BORN 8-22-t869 MARRIED JAMES KENNEDY.~ OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~JACKSONVILLE, FLORIOA; ISSUE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I. MAY BELL! KENNEDY MARRIED OR. W H $Pl ERS 3 JUANI TE KENNEDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED ED HARLEY. 4 GLADYS KENNEDY DIED AUG 10 ?~~~~~~

~~~~~~17 FANNIE WEATHERLY BORN 4-27-1872 DIED IN INFANIY~~~~~~

~~~~~~18 CHARLES ISAAC WEATHERLY flORN JAN 12 1875 DIED AUG 21 1934 .,. MARRIED FIRST FANNIE WATERHOUSE, MiRRIEO 2 RUTH SMITH ISSUE BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~FIRST WIFE. I. CLINT WEATHERLY 2. CHARLES HENRY WEATHERLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARRIED UETY VAUGHN 3. ELIZAGETH WEATHERLY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY COUNTY TENNESSEE DAR RECOflJS S:-1ow~~~~~~

~~~~~~FoRT HI LL cEMETARY PAGES 26 ANLI 70 ANv FLINT SPRINGS CEMETAR v~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES 22 23 24 25 AND 70:~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY VIARD PAGE 69 CH I EF JACK WALKER PAGE 70~~~~~~

~~~~~~F. H. Vi C L 70 PROF 70 EMILY STANFIELD 69~~~~~~

~~~~~~69 F. H. WAL KER - F 0RT HI LL CEMETARY~~~~~~

~~~~~~8-24 1347 D JUNE 18 1912 --- AGE 83 I MONTH 17 DAYS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~EMILY STANFIELD WALKER WI FE OF CHIEF JACK WALKER DAUGHTER CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIMOTHY MEIGS, NcQ 23 180S AGE 32 PROF Vl~•vi WALKER DIED 5-1927 PAG! 70 FROM £.H,!.T_IA~OOGA SUNDAY TIMES OF MAV 6• 1931- PAGE 143~~~~~~

~~~~~~'II. C. L WALKER 3-7-1821 MAY 21 1886.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Lout SA CARSON WALKER WIFE OF \Y C L WALKER APRIL 24 18~3~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOVEMBER 14 1912~~~~~~

~~~~~~MILTON 8 WALKER MARCH 3 1857 02-3-1901 1905~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORT HILL CBviETARY~~~~~~

~~~~~~LARKIN TAYLOR 3-28-1 802 9-14-1 845~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH H TAYLOR SON OF LARKIN JUNE 23 1840, 12-14-1918~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV CORMACK TAYLOR WIFE OF JOSEPH H ta45 2-17-+i+i 1915~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALIC!: C TAYLOR 1--23- 1849 D 5-29-1888~~~~~~

~~~~~~RoaERT E. OR. TAVLOR 12-24 1863 JAN 31 1904 ., SALOME DONAHOE TAYLOR WIFE OF ijR TAYLvR BORN APR 25 1847~~~~~~

*** PAGE 92 OCOEE SHED CEMETERY SAMUEL PARKS 8-24-1806 OcT 19- 1874 REARED IN LARGt FAMILV IN POLK COUNTY TENNESSEE

~~~~~~SW PARKS, JUNE Jo 1850 5-3-1865~~~~~~

~~~~~~- o ,ase~~~~~~

~~~~~~CW PARKS 12-1833 9-26-1085~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 76 EMMA PARKS WIFE OF HJ PARKS 4-2-1853 7-2-1935~~~~~~

~~~~~~--CLINT StlRI NGS CEMETARY t3RAOLEY CO TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LILLI!'. \¥EATHERLY JONES, W '/✓ WEATHERLY 3-10-1867 3-14-192.8~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 25 WW WEATHERLY DIED 1913 AGE 46~~~~~~

~~~~~~W H WEATHERLY BORN 7-10 1315 03-22-1903~~~~~~

~~~~~~REO!CCA T WEATHERLY DORN 12 1d20 DIED JULY 1910~~~~~~

~~~~~~RACH EL WEATii ERLV MARCH IO 1851 AGE 33 - 2 y;*as MO. LILLI£ JONES WEATHERLY WIFE OF VI W WEATHERLY 8-16-1867 8-14-1923 NOTE: Rl CHARO TIM.:;jERLAKE HAD A RESERVATION IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAMILTON Co TENN 1845 SEE OLD OCOK HAMILTON Co TENN PAGE 169~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEED GOOK F VOL.I 1844 Ta 1348~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEED BOOK A HAMIL TON CO TENN • PA(.;£ 53 -54-55 I 623 DEc 22~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOX TAYLOR AND RICHARD TAYLOR BOTH OF CHEROKEE NATION. CONSIDERAT!ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~~1500 640 ACRES LAND IN HAMILTON Cc TENN. (DOES ANYONE KNOW WHETHER THIS iS I SAME MAN AS ► CHARLES Fox TAYLOR? 640 ACRES IN HAMILTON Co TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~NORTH SIDE TENN RIVER BEING TRACT SURVEVEO TO Fox TAYLOR av RooERT HOUSTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMISSIONER AND RoOERT ARMSTRONG SURVEY OR OcT 25 1819 UNDER TREATY~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONCLUDED AT ~ASHINGTON O C 1019 FEs 27, WHICH LAND HELD BY Fox TAYLOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS RESERVATION ETC, OEGINNING BANK OF RIVER AS IT MEANDERS SOUTH 30~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEGREES ETC. PAGE 159 1831 MAV 25, RICHARD TAYLOR OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE NATl6N AND ASAHAtt RAWLINGS• HAMILTON Co TEN ~1260 640 ACRES~~~~~~

~~~~~~NoRTH BANK OF TENN RIVER INCLUDING MOUTH OF PRAIRIE CREEK ANO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEAT OF JUSTjCE OF HAMILTON Co SURVEYED FOR Fos TAYLOR AS HIS Si RESERVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY RoaERT HOUSTON OCT 25 1319 UNDER TREATY CONCLUDIED AT WASHINGTON O C~~~~~~

~~~~~~FED 25 1819 US ANO THE CHEROK~E TRIBE OF INDIANS BY DEED DATED~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEc 22 1823. REGISTERED HAMILTON Co BOOK A PAGE 218 AT DALLAS,(TENN)~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCT 5 1831 --- ALSC PAGE 93 DAV Io WALKER OF HAMILTON Co TC: HENRY HEN EC.AR GREEN Co 200 ACREsMARRIAGES OF RHEA co TENN 1-30G TO 1090 SHOW FOLLOWING:~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHARLES A TAYLOR MARRIED PATS£< WALKER OS: 19 1816 PA~E 241~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 367 OLD MARRIAGE BGOK No JOHN WALKER JR MARRIED EMILY MEIQS~~~~~~

~~~~~~1-10-1824~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY WARD MARRIED SAMUEL HIX 1824 Nov 10 IN RHEA Co.~~~~~~

~~~~~~R. J. MEIGS MARRIED SAkAH k K LOY£ 1825 Nov 1~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES TAYLOR MARRIED NANCY LILLARD 1821 JULY 26~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE WAS A JOHN WALKER PENSIONED tN ROANE Co TENN A~£ 66 PAGE 145 JOHN WALKER PENSION RECORC IN ROANE Co TENN AGE 66 ON OCTOBER 1821-20~~~~~~

~~~~~~H&S CHILDREN HAD ALL GONE FRCM HOME - HE ENLISTED IN 3RD LIGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH AND SAMUEL WALKER APPLIED FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~PENSION IN ROANE Co TENN AGE 72 IN JANUARY 28 1822 HAD WIF'€ SUSAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE 50 DAUGHTER POLLY WALKER AN; 1 GRAND SON HARVEY WALKER WHO SERVED~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 12TH VA REGIMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROANE Co TENN MARRIAGES:~~~~~~

~~~~~~JENNEV LILLERSON WALKER To JOHN McKEMY OR MCKENNY~~~~~~

~~~~~~10-13-1808 BONDSMAN SAMUEL WALKER AND DANIEL MCCLELLAN. ------r;AGE 25 SucKIE WALKER (CHEROKEE) MARRIED TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN RILEY JANUARY K 1809 25TH DAY. BONDSMAN GILBERT POOL ---ROANE CO TENN MARRIAGES:~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAr1.iUEL WALKER Fo a, zAsETH c R, sP a-2-1 a20 soNoSMAN JoHN CREsP --- PAGE 3 EPHRIAM WALK~ ON MARRIAGE BOND OF CHARLES BECKETT TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~LYDIA HOLLAND 3-5-1803 ---1 GIVE THE FOLLOWING TAYLOR RECORDS AS THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TAYLOR FAMILY INTERMARRIED WITH NANCY WA~D 1 S FAMILY;~~~~~~

~~~~~~HI STORY OF HAMILTON Co, BV ZELLA ARMSTRONG;~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARLY MARR I AGES OF JEFFERSON CO TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~EVALINE TAYLOR MARRIED BENJAMIN DAUGHERTY 1856 MARCH 4.~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES TAYLOR REVOLUTION~ RY PENSIONER, BLOUNT Co TENN. SER VEO FROM NC~~~~~~

~~~~~~MO VE D TO BLOUNT C O I 7 96 , HE WA S B OR N I N CUL PEP PER C O VA D I ED I N~~~~~~

~~~~~~BL CUNT Cc TENN - HIS 5TH CH I LO PHOEBE MARRIED JAMES WALK ER. HE MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILL IN 8LOU:NTCo. PAGE 146 INDEX TO JOHN H~ YWOOD TENNESSEE HI STORY PERTA IN I NG TO NANCY '.fARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HER UNCLE ATTAKULLAKULLA ARE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTY WARD CR MRS JOSEPH MARTIN, WIFE OF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN PAGE 60 61-62-300~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAMUEL WALKER 219, JOHN WALKER 371 • JAMES 'IIALK£R 319, FELIX WALKER 59~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIJAH 427. --- WALKER• 73, 304, 325.~~~~~~

~~~~~~OR. THOMAS WALKER 21-23-24-325. 107 487, 488_. 89.497~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRICE MARTIN 23, 504, JAMES MARTIN 2ao. JOSEPH 23, • 110, 111,112,150~~~~~~

~~~~~~154, 187, 197, 201, 203 212,288, 373.514, 515, 517,~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAMUEL MARTIN 135, 246, 317, CAPT WM MAR~IN 230 ------TAYLOR, CHRISTOPHER 159, CREED 23, JOHN CHIEF 362,~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEROY TAYLOR 313, PARMANS 335~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDEX ON ATTACULLACULLA PAGES · ... • 41-44-468, 504,505 INDEX ON LONG ISL.ANO. 30-41-62-63-64, 66, 68-70-93-111-273-322-375-501~~~~~~

~~~~~~i 504-507- 515~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAVID HUGHES 91-92-209~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDEX ON OCONOSTTOTA CHIEF 43-44-58-503-505-506-507~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PATH DEED PAGE 30~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDEX ON CHIEF RAVIN 65-72 503 505 506 507 508 511 512~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLD ABRAHAM 65 195 503 OLO CHOTE 28 Ill OR I 10 i9i495~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILLANAWANAW CHIEF PAGE 503 • .... -...... __ __ ...... ______.....,_....,. ____ .______Q.UOTATIONS FROM "THE WILDERNESS ROAD" BY ROBERT L. KINCAID~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRESlDENT OF LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY, HARROGATE TENNESSEE RECENTLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUBLISHED ( I 957}. PAGE l 01 MARTIN STATION IS NOW THE PRE SENT SI TE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROSE HILL VIRGINIA. ROSE HILL VIRGlNIA WAS FCRMERLY KNOWN AS fJiARTIN'S~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATION. HERE 80·_,N E ANO HI s AXMEN FOUND CA PTA l N JOSEPH MA RT IN FOR THE 2ND~~~~~~

~~~~~~TtME BUSILY ENGAGED IN REBUILOI NG THE SETTLEMENT H£ HAO ABANDONED SHORTLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER BOONE'S FIRST VISIT THERE IN THE SUMMER OF 1769. DRIVEN OUT av • HOSTILE CHEROKEE THAT YEAR, MARTIN HAD NOT RETURNED UNTIL EARLY 1775 TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEGIN AGAIN WHERE HE LEFT OFF. 80JNE AND HIS MEN STOP~ED AT MARTIN'S iU£."Js.S__ FJ!OM WILOEf~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN THE•R MISSION ANO ANNOUNCE 'THAT COLONEL HENDERSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~WOULD COME ALONG SOON ON HIS WAY TO SETTLE KENTUCKY. THEY CHECKED THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEEDS, SECURED SOME ADDI TtONAL SUPPLIES AND PUSHED OFF DOWN THE VALLEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR CUMBERLAND GAP, 25 MILES AWAV.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLACULLA OR THE LITTLE CARP ENTER, CHEROKEE CH I EF, PAGES~~~~~~

~~~~~~57-84- 93-94, 96.97. 96-105 UNDER CAPTlON "GRIM OAVS ON THE VIRGINIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRONTIER-- INGL£S AND DRA?ER, BROODING IN THEIR SORROW AT 0UNKARD 1 S~~~~~~

~~~~~~FoRT, HAD NO OPPORTUNllV TO ORGANIZE A SEARCH FOR THEIR MtSSf"NG ~~MILIES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN M OMINOUS SILENCE HUNG OVER THE HOSTILE SHAWNEE COUNTRY. AT LAST THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEN MADE A TRIP TO THE FRIENDLY CHEROKEE ON THE TENNESSEE RIVER, A~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONFER ENCE WI TH VIRGIN I A TRADERS THERE, PARTICULARLY ·RI CHARD PEARi S A~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAVORITE AMONG THE 0VERHILL INDIANS, AS ntE SETTLERS CALLED THE CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY ALSO LAID THEIR TROUBLES BEFORE CHIEF ATTAKULLACULLA, TH£ LITTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CARPENTER WHO WAS ALWAYS WELL 01 SPOSEO TOWARD THE ENC.LI SH WHEN OTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHIEFS HAD BEEN NONCOMMITTAL OR HOSTILE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 84 UNDER CAPTlf>N "TROUBLE ON lHE HOLSTON: CAMPBELL PUT A LOT~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF FAITH IN AGED ANO FRIENDLY ATTAKULLACULLA OR THE LITTLE CARPENTER, WHO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHARED THE RULERSHIP OF THE CHEROKEE WITH CHIEF QCONOSTOTA, CAMPBELL~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPORTED TO PRESTON THE IN0IANS WANTED TO AVOID A WAR WITH THE WHITES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNLESS CRABTREE MADE SOME NEW AFFRONT. HE ADDEO SIGNIFICANTLY THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE SUPPLY OF POWDER HAD BEEN SERIOUSLY DAMAGED BY BEING STORED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~A DAMP CAVE. BuT CAMPBELL WAS MUCH CONCERNED LEST THE EMISSARIES CF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE RECENTLY SENT TO A GRAND COUNCIL WITH EMISSARIES 0~ THE CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~RECENTLY SENT TO A GRAND COUNCIL WITH THE SHAWNEE MIGHT RETURN IN A~~~~~~

~~~~~~WARLIKE Mooe.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES 93 AND 94 UNDER HEADING "BIG DEAL AND LITTLE ROAD". s,x~~~~~~

~~~~~~CREAKING WAGONS SLOWLY RUMBLED DOWN THE GREAT RJAD PAST MAJOR ARTHUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAMPBELL 1 S BROAD VARANDA AT ROYAL OAK IN LATE JANUARY 1775. THEV•WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HEiVY LADEN WITH MERCHANDISE. SACKS OF CORN, FLOUR, SALT AND CASKS OF £.U..QT1S_FB,OM, ~ l LDERSfiSS ROAD BY ROBERT L KINCAID. PAGE 148~~~~~~

~~~~~~RUM, BUNDLES CF BEARSKINS, DUFFLE, oo~TING, GREEN DURANT, DUTCH BLANKETS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SILVER HOUSING AND RIBBONS; A VAST ASSORTMENT OF TRINKETS OF ALL KINDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE GOODS MIGHT WELL HAVE ATTACHED A HALF DOZEN FRONTIER STORES. A GREAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~0ESTINT RODE IN THOSE WAGONS. COL RICHARD HENDERSON WAS ON HIS WAY TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHEROKEE NATION TG BUY AN EMPIRE WITH THE GOODS. RIDING PROUDLY AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE HEAD OF THE: CARAVAN, HE CUT AN IMPOSING FIGURE, BIG AND TALL WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIGH FOREHEAD POISE AND DIGNITY HE HAD LEARNED TO ASSUME AS A SUPERIOR COURT~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUDGE OF NORTH CAROLINA• ACCUSTOMED TC OOMINATF. EVERY SITUATION IN WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE TOOK PART, AND KEPT HIS WAGONS ROLLING T0WAR0 WATAUGA. WITH HIM~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS HIS FRI END AND PARTNER CAPTAIN NATH A_N I £L HART.~~~~~~

~~~~~~STAVING CLOSE TO THE WAGONS WAS A FRAIL, 0RIEO UP INDIAN CHIEF WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 LARGE SCORES ACROSS EACH CHEEK, HIS EARS, BEADED WITH SILVER, HANGING~~~~~~

~~~~~~DOWN ALMOST TO HIS SHOULDERS. ATTAKULLACULLA, 0~ THE LITTLE CARPENTER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAD A PARTICULAR INTEREST IN THE CARGO AND CHATTERED OVER THE SHOALS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~0CCASIONSALL THEY CROWDED AROUND lliE CAOIN FOR A PEEK AT THE PRECIOUS GOCOS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MINGLED Willi THE INDIANS WERE MANY OF THE WATAUGA LEADERS AND THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILIES, WHOM HENDERSON HAD EMPLOYED TO PROVIDE FOOD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENDERSON GREETED THE VARIOUS CHIEFS AS THEY ARRI VEO WITH THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~WARRIORS AND SMOKED AND CHATTED WITH THEM. To THE Q1PERI CR~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCONOSTOTA, CHIEF RULER WITH ATTAKULLAKULLA, HE WAS ESPECIALLY CORDIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~BECAUSE THE INDIAN, WITH BLUFF FACE PITTED WITu SMALL POX WAS ANXIOUS FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TRADE TO GO THRO. ANOTHER CH I EF, .SAVANOCKS, THE RAVEN, NEPHEW AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNSELOR OF OC0N0ST0TA, WAS A STOUT, DARK DIGNIFIED FELLOW. QNIST0SITAH,~~~~~~

~~~~~~OR THE CORN TASSEL HAD A HEAVY SET BODY AND A FLAT INFLATED FACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILLANAUGHWA, THE GREAT EAGLE AS A LEADER ON WHOM 0CONOSTOTA~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPENDED A GREAT DEAL IN HIS DELIBERATIONS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~YOUNG DRAGGING-CANuE, SON OF ATTAKULLACULLA, HELD SOMEWHAT ALOFT AND D~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ r,o NOT HAVE HIS FATHER'S CINCILLIAT0RY ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WHITE MEN. SUQT!S_F~M ~ I LDERNESS ROAD BY Kl NCA ID~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT LAST THE VARIOUS COUNCILS OF THE CHEROKEE WERE ALL Rr::PRESi:r•:~D,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE TIME HAO COME FOR TREATY MAKING. COL HENDERSON OPENf:D :HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEG OT I ATI ONS BY I N~U I RI NG IF THE KV LA t'4C \~HI cs-: HE SOUGHT WAS Ac,·u~LLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OWNED BV THE CHEROKEE. THE CH I EFS WI THORIW FOR A SOLEMN POWWOW AMONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH EM SELVES. NEXT DAY TH EV RE PORTED THE IR C ONC LUS I ON S. WI TH OUT QU ESTI ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY OWNED THE LAND, THEY SAID. THE CLAIMS OF THE s,x NATeoNS WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPURIOUS BECAUSE THEY HAD NEVER CON~UERED THE CHEROKEE. THE SHAWANEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAD LONG AGO BEEN DR I VEN OUT OF THE COUNTRY ANO HAD NO Rt GHT THERE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEN COL HENDERSON EXPLAI NEC THAT HE WOULD LI KE TO BUY THE BLOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF LANO WEST OF THE MOUN TAI NS BffEEN THE ~UMBER LAND KY RIVERS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHIEF ATTAKULLACULLA AROSE WITH GREAT DIGNITY TO RESPOND. HE BEGAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY SAVING THAT HE WAS AN OLD MAN, WHO HAD PRESIDED AS CHIEF IN EVERY~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNCIL AND BEEN PRESIDENT OF THE NATION FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ FORMERLY SERVED AS AGENT TO THE KJNQ OF ENGLAND, ON BUSINESS OF FIRST~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANCE TO THE CHEROKEE NATION; HAO CROSSED THE BIG WATERS ANO BEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~RECE I VEC WI TH GREAT DI STI NCTI ON, BY THE GREAT WHITE FATHER. HAD THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HONOR OF DINING WITH HIS MAJESTY AND THE NOBILITY, AND HAD ACCOMPLISHED~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS MISSION WITH SUCCESS; AND HE CLAIMED THE CONFIDENCE AND GOOD FAl'lH~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF ALL IN DEFENDING ANO SUP?ORTING THE RIGHTFUL CLAIM OF HIS PEOPLE TC~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE BLOODY GROUNDS, THEN IN TREATY Tc BE SOLO TO THE WHITE PEOPLE. HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WOULD RECOM~ ..-iEND THE PROPOSED SALE•~~~~~~

~~~~~~OTHER CH I EFS FOLLOWED THE LI T1L E CARPENTER, ALL AGREE I NG TO ACCEPT~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLONEL HENDERSON 1 S PRCPOSITION. THEr'-! THE SuN OF 'THE LITTLE CARPENTER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTACULLAKULLA WHICH WAS DRAGGING OANOE, RQ5a To HIS FEET. HE WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISAPPOINTED THAT HIS GREAT FATH.r-, AND THE OTHER HEAD MEN WOULD CONSt DER~~~~~~

~~~~~~SELLING AT ANY PRICE THE F~~R HUNTING LAND OF HIS PEOPLE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS PARAPHRASED P' THE INTERPRETER HE SAID: "WHOLE NATIONS HAVE MELTED AWAV~~~~~~

~~~~~~LI KE !3·•'-1.S OF SNOW BEFORE THE SUN. THE WHITES HAVE PASSED THE MOUNTAINS .Q.U.Q..T~_F!OM \\II LDER~;ESS ROAD BY KI NCA ID~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SETTLED UPON CHEROKEE LANDS, ANO NOW WISH TO HAVE THEIR USt•Ri-lAT; O'.'l~~~~~~

~~~~~~SANOTI ONED BY THE CONFIRMATION CF A TREATY AND ETC.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE IMPASSIONED SPEECH OF DRAGG ING CANOE THRE■ THE COUNC £ L t rrro .'\N~~~~~~

~~~~~~UPROAR. HENDERSON WAS DISMAYED. HE AOJ'OURNEO THE SESSION TO FEr,ST THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~J-HOIANS AGAIN ANO TO PERMIT INDIVIDUAL LOBBYING AMONG T-M..E OLOER CHIEF'S.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE LEAOEftS ARGUED TKE ~VESTION AMONG THEMSELVES, BROUGHT THE MINOft ~HIEFS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AROUND TO THE VIEWPOINT AND AGREED TO ACCEPT HENDERScN'S &OFFER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I DRAGGING CANOE ALONE HELD OUT SULLENLY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE DEED OF CONVEYANCE WAS PREPARED, READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATED BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTERPRETER~. IT WAS SIGNED MARCH 17, 1775, BY OCONOSTOTA~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLACULLA AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAVANOOKA~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACTING IN BEHALF OF ALL 'lliE CHEROKEE TRIBES. THE PARCHMENT SPECIFIED THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~"FoR AND IN CCNSI DERATI ON CF 2000 POUNDS LAWFUL MONEY CF GREAT SRI TAI N~~~~~~

~~~~~~{THIS WAS IN ADDITION TO THE GOODS ESTIMATED TO MAKE UP THE BALANCE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~LI0,000 PRICE AGREED UPON}, THERE av GRANTED TC HENDERSON AND ASSOCIATED,~~~~~~

~~~~~~nALL THAT TRACT, TERRITORY OF PARCEL OF LA~D 11 LYING SOUlH CF THE OHIO RIVER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~BETWEEN THE CU~BERLAND AND KENTUCKY RIVERS, CONTAINING 20,000,000. IT~~~~~~

~~~~~~EMBRACED ALL SO THE LANDS ORAi NED BY TRIBUTARIES OF THE CUMBERLAND, TH t S~~~~~~

~~~~~~INCLUDED A LARGE TERRITORY IN TrlE PRESENT STATE OF TeJNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~foR DRAGGING-CANOE THIS WAS ONLY FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE INSATIABLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~GREED OF THE WHITES. ~E KEPT GLUMLY SILENT DURING THE FINAL NEGOTllTI ONS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SINGING OF THE OE£0. BUT 11-ilS NEW PROPOSAL BROUGHT HIM TO HIS FEET~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGAIN• HE STAM PED ANGRILY ANO PO INTI NG TO KENTU~K Y SAID; 1'WE HA VE GI VEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~YOU THt S, WHY 00 YOU ASK MORE?" THEN IN HAUGHT¥ GRANDEUR HE STOLE F'R..::M ™E~~~~~~

C:_•UNCIL, NEVER TO RETURN TO TAKE PART IN ANCTHER TREATY WITH THE HATED WHITES • • PAGE t05. LORD DUNMORE ACTED PRGMPTLV ANO DECISIVELY. ON 3-21-1775 HE ~------..-Q.OOTES ....FRlM WILDERNESS ROAD BY KI NKEAO PAGE I 51 H£ 1775 I SSUEO A PROCLAMATION AQAINST THE UNWARRANTABLE AND I Ll.EG/'.L

~~~~~~DES-&.GNS. OF. TH.E SAID HENOERSUN AND HIS ABETTORS, WHOM HE DESCRI B~ A~~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 01s0ROERLY PERSONS" AND SENT A vi GOROU9 PROTESf To ATTAKULL~C:JLl~; t.:'J n~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE OTHER CHEROKEE CHIE,s; CLAIMING THE~-HAJ NO Rt;HT ~o MAKE A P~!VA•E~~~~~~

~~~~~~TRAD£ WITH 'tHE NoRTH -CARCLINA~ COL G£~RGE WASHINGTON OEALER IN W£S"!"EnN LANDS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~L'JOKING OH WI TH CONCERN WROTE PRESTON. 11THERE IS SOMtTHING IN THAT AFFAIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~-.11M I NEl"tHER UNOERStAND• NOR LIKE• ANO I WI SH I MAY NOT HA8E CAUSE TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISLIKE ft \1oRSt AS tHE MYSTERY UN,.OLDS" ,uR MARtlN OF NcRFrH CAR0Llf'.!A WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOR£ VEHEMENT• Ht CAl.LtD HENDtRSON A n, AMOUS I f~VAOER 11 ANO HIS ASSOC I ATES~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 AM I N~AMOUS COMPANY uF LAND PVRATES"• 8Ri ,.,. SH AGENTS HASTENED TO BROAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAST ORDERS FOR HENDERSok 1S ARREST AND ETC.~~~~~~

~~~~~~---·--·NOtES HER£ AND THtRt:~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAURY Co TENN 1820 CENSUS PAGE 103 SHO\VS A FRANOI S PARKS i26 YEARS OLO~~~~~~

~~~~~~- WHO ~NOWS ABOUT,,, THIS PARTY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 385 ~ 1840 MARGARET WEA+~ERLY AGE BETWEEN 50•60 ANO fAMILV -•--HANCOC i, CO T£NN ~i4 1850 PAGE 62 JOHN MARtlN FAM~LY ouRN VA, AND FAMILY ANC ONE ELIZAGETH~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN AGE 70 OORN IN VA LIVED Wint THEM -- ...... ,_ ------,_, BRADLEY COUNTY TENNESSEE 1840 CENSUS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 34 JAMES WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ~EMALE UNJER 5, 3 LF 5-10, I OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 35 LARKIN TAYLOR, I MALE 5-10, I uF 30-40, I FEMALE UNi..·ER 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 10-15- I OF 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEXT DOOR To HIM WAS SAWUEL PARKS I MALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-10, I OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~10-15, 3 OF 15-20, 2 ~F 20-30, I OF 50-60~~~~~~

~~~~~~J F'Er,lALE UNDER 5, t-. OF 10-15-, 2 OF 20-30, I OF' 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA~E 35 THOMAS TAYLOR I MALE 20-30, I OF 60-70, I FEMALE 20-30, I OF 60-70 TC 70~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 37 DENNIS 8. ORO TAYLOR I MALE UNOER 5, I OF 20-30.~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 20-30 Q.UOTES FRCM WILD~SIESS ROAD BY KINCAID PAGE I L2~~~~~~

~~~~~~NATHAN JoN~S I MAI.I: UNDER 5• I · 30-40, I ,!:MALE: 5-10,~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ,IMALE 60•70~~~~~~

~~~~~~I o, 5 10, I 0~ 20..30~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGC 43 MARGARET WALKER I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE t0-t5, I 15-20~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 20-30, I OF 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA~E 43 GREENIURY McDAHttL; 1 MALE UNDER s. 1 5-10, , 30.40 1 FEMAL£~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNDn 5, I OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~I PA~E 44. JAMES TAYLOR, 2 MALES 5.tO, 2 o, 15-20, I OF 50-60; 2 F9.1ALES • • UNDER 5, 1. OF i-10, 2 10-1 S-~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA~~ 45. WtLLtAM HoRN i MALt •-•o• i o, so.ao~ , ~EMAL~ uNou s.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I 0~ 5-10» I 10-t5, AND' 30-'o~~~~~~

~~~~~~~AMCI HORN t MALE UNDER 5• I 3J-40, I FEMALE 20•30 PAGE FRW BRADLEY Co TENN 1840 CENSUS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 55 MARY MARTIN I UNDER 5 MALES AND I 10-15, I FEMALE 5-10~~~~~~

~~~~~~I MALE 10-15, I OF 30-40, I OF 50-60~~~~~~

~~~~~~RoaERTSON WEATHERLY I MALE UNO ER 5, I OF 5-10 s '. •,• 20-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ I FEMALE 3J-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 56, ii HOUSTON WALKER, 2 MALES UNDER 5, I OF' 20-30, I ~~---:1.-, __ E~~~~~~

~~~~~~20-3()~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA E 56 JESSE F JONES I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-4G, I FE'.. .. '.ALE UNDER 5,~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 2J-3C~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 57 ISAAC MARTIN 3 MALES UNDER 5, 2 FEMEES lv-t5~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 40.50 • I FEMALE UNO ER 5, I FEMALE 5-1 ~, I OF IC~ t 5 I 3._,-4C~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN MARTIN I MALE UNDER 5, I OF lv-15, I OF 15-20, I OF 40-5~~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-IU, I OF 1J-15 I OF 15-20 I OF 3C-4',;~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 58, JOHNS KING ANO FAMILY~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 58 BENJAMIN F. TAYLOR I MALE 30-4J, t FEMALE UNDER 1J, 1 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 6J 7 ,j~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 59, JAMES WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 10-15, I OF 30-4C, I ,£MALE~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNDER 5, I OF 5-1 J, I OF 2u-3u~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 62, A. TAYLOR, I MALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 1u-15, I OF 3G-4v~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ,£MALE 5-10, I F~JALE lu-15-, I OF 4J-5u~~~~~~

~~~~~~64 LEVI TAYLOR I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 10-15, I OF 3~-4C, I OF lv-15~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 30-4-.1~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 65 VIM JONES 2 MALES 5-10, 2 OF J0•15, I OF 3.J-4-~, 2 FE1\,lALES~~~~~~

~~~~~~UN D ER 5, I OF I 5-2G , I OF 3v-4G~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE i 69 WM A WALKER 2 MALES UNDER 5, I CF 5-IJ, I OF 15-20, I 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEMALE 5-IG, I OF 2~-30, I OF 70-80~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 69, WM W WEATHERLY, I MALE 2u-30, I FEMALE 15-2C~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 69 WM °WEATHERLY I MALE l~-15, I OF 20-30, I OF 50-6C, I OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~FEMALE 5-10 2 FEMALES 1-15, I OF 15-20, I OF 40-50 BRADLEY CO TENNESSEE CeJSUS CF 1840 PAGE 154~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 71 THOMAS LOWRY I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 10-15, I OF 30-40,~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEMALE 5-10, I FEMALE IC-15, ANO I OF 3C-40 **************** 1850 CENSUS OF 8RADLEV COUNTY TENNESSEE AS TO VARIOUS F i•/:i ~ L~ CS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MENTIONED IN DAR MEMBERSHIP PAPERS OF MRS. PHILLIPS AND ETC • • PAGE 142 HOUSE No 57 57 LUCV WALKER 63 BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~\'JM L 29 , JAMES H 24, RUTH 22 PHOEBE 22 MARGARET I I ALL BORN TENNE.SS~E:.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 142 HOUSE 61 6a AND AG PARKS 33 MARTHA M 25, HENRY J 8, ROBERY '.- 4.~~~~~~

~~~~~~JCHN W 3 SUSAN I ALL BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 147 HOUSE 124 124 JAMES H LOWRY OR LOWERY 35 MARaARET M 35~~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARGARET l 10 MARY l 8, HARRiET C 6, JOHN 4 JAMES 2 ALL •oRN TENN AND IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAME HOUSE WAS 9AMWEL HAINS 35 fAILOR BORN PEt4NSYL"•ANiA~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE i49 HOUS£ 144 i44 NAtHAN JONES 4~ 80RN NORTH CARCLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIOLET 45 BORN N C, JANE 15 BORN N C.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HUMPHREY M 12 BORN TENN, GEORGE E 10 TENNESSEE, JOSIAH 4 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PAGE 149 HOUSE 142 142 WASHINGTON PARKS 30, Lout SA 23 SUSAN C 4~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOUISA C. 2, SAMUEL 2/12 ALL BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 150 HOUSE 157 157 JAMES H WALKER 24 BORN TENNESSEE, A CARPENTER~~~~~~

~~~~~~,N HOME OF GEORGE RI DER•~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA~E 155 HOUSE 223 223 ARCHIBALD PARKS 21 BORN TENNESSEE IN HOME OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~B HURL£~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE t55 HOUSE 244 224 JOHN WALKER 40 BORN TENNESSEE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIZABETH 38 BORN TENN AND ABIGAIL JENKINS 33 BORN TEN:,~~~~~~

~~~~~~?AGE 155 226 226 THOMAS LOWERY 46 BORN VA, ELIZABETH 42, WM F.20~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOMAS 8 12 BuRN VA, GEvRGE W 9 TENN, TIMOTHY S 6 BORN TENN, ABRAHAM C~~~~~~

~~~~~~3, BORN TENN.MARY D 2/12 DORN TENN, EL I ZA6ETH M IO VA~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 159 HOUSE 'Z/6 276 JOHN H LOWERY 25, CLERK, IN TAVERN BORN TENN.~~~~~~

162 HOUSE 325 325 BENJAMIN F. JONES 51 BORN MARYLAND, JANE 50 TEN 1850 CENSUS OF BRADLEY Co TENN MARTIN V 9 TENN. BENJAMIN JONES AGE -81 BORN PENNSYLVANIA PAGE 163, HOUSE 333 333 THOMAS H JONES 25 BORN NC.

~~~~~~JOHN 30 BENJAMIN F 3, JAMES M 4/12 BORN N.C.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 464 HOUSE 341 JAMtS PARKES 30 OR 50, BORN TENN. JANE 39 ,~~~~~~

~~~~~~13 ...... CL8-~ENTI NE 11 ALL BORN TENN JOHN 2 SAME HOUSE.1~~~~~~

~~~~~~HARRIET 3 OR 5 MARGARET 2/12 BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 169 HOUSE 419 419 BILLEAR A. WALKER 19, TENt.l IN HOME OF W:t. [~_~f;}':>N~~~~~~

~~~~~~--PAGE 180 HOUSE 575 575 JOHN EPPERSON 28 TENNESSEE - ELIZABET-i ?.Z. -re..~N~~~~~~

~~~~~~JESSE M 5, SARAH 3 TAEslTHA I ALL BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 183 HOUSE 614 614 MARTIN CARPENTER 44 NC ANNA 48 CAROLINE 13~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL BORN NORTH C ARuLI NA~~~~~~

~~~~~~1850 CENSUS OF BRADLEY CO TENN PAC.E I 85 HOUSE 651 651~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN W CANADY 64 DORN NORTH. ~AROLINA, NANCY 54 TENNESSEE. MARV 25 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARGARET 16, WM L r4 TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 198 HOUSE 823 823 ELIJAH WARD 38 BORN KY SARAH BORN NoRTH CARJLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES 12, TEN1"11, BENJAMIN lO, REBECCA 7, ELIZABE"IH C 6, MARY M 4,~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN O I ON THIS LAST LINE ALL BCRN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~--• A 2 PARKER FAMILIES ON PAGE 292~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 292 HOUSE 885,885 lft1Me¥ YANCY 'I/EATHERLY 31 DORN NC, EMILY 24,NC~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY 8, TENN t MARTHA 7, TENN• MARV E S, TEN r,1 1 RACHEL M 3 TENN .WM 6/t2TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 252 MARY JONES, AGE 45 BORN T£NN, HOUSE No t579 1579~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 252 HOUSE 1600 t60v JAMES TAYLOR 25 TENN, JEMIMA 30 MARTHA 14,~~~~~~

~~~~~~Jo~N 6 SA~AH 4, NANCY 3 ELIZABE'11f I ALL BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUSANNAH PARKS 60 DORN TENNESSIE, IN Ha~E OF WM RECTOR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~1615 1615 LARKIN PARKS 33 TENN 1 MATILDA 30 SUSANNAH 8 MARV 7 SARAH 4 MARTHA 3/12 DORN TENNESSEE. " 1850 CE~SUS OF BRADLEY Co TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE. 26\J HOUSE 1714 1714 LEMUEL JONES ~ NC, JU\.IETT 26 VA, MARY 5 _,,.F~~~~~~

~~~~~~TE,-_NESSEE. PAGE 260 HOUSE 1224 1224 JAMES TAYLOR 26 TENN, LUCINDA 24 WM 7 MARV 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 263 HOUSE 1757 CVNTHINA JONES 52 BORN NC, RANSOM 27, M-..~.t. ?i N C fGLESTINE 18 ~UINTtE ALL BORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 264 OR 266 HOUSE 1802 MARGARET PARKES 50 BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAVINA 23 NARCISSUS 20, JEFFERSON 4, I BA I 3, NAN<:Y 11, MARTIN I 9 3.::0RGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE I JAMES 4 ALL DORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 266 HOUSE 1810 STEPHEN C JONES 24, TENN• ELIZAuETH 21 TEN~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 273 HOUSE 1918 HENRY LOWERY 45 BORN TENN, JANE 4v MARY IO Wui 8~~~~~~

~~~~~~LUCIANA 6,NANCY 4, HENDERSON 2 ALL BORN TENNESS~E.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 'r:16 HOUSE 1963 1953 JOSEPH TAYLOR 18 TENN A BRICK MASON~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 203 HOUSE 887 WILLI AM WEATHERLY 65, BORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARGARET 60 BORN NC , SARAH 28 NcRTH CAROLINA, ELIZASETH 22 NC~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- HOUSE 89G WAREN C WEATHERLY 21 NC ONIDA 19 NC, RAISEN 6/12 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 204 HOUSE 905 905~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILSON WEATHERLY Ju OORN NORTH CAROLINA, RACHEL 33 N. c.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WM c 10, TEN. NANCY I a, TENN. RooERT w6.TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV L 4 TENNESSEE, SARAH L 3 TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 209 HOUSE 981 WASHIN~TON TAYLOR 38 DuRN ARKANSAS, LAVINIA 39 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV J 19., TENNESSEE , MARTHA 15 TENNESSEE, JAMES 12 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN 10 NANCY 8K AMANDA 6 TENN, AND SARAH 2 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 210 HOUSE 988 988 WM PARKS AGE 73 BORN PENNSYLVANIA,~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV PARKS BORN MARYLAND.CLEMENTINE LUNEY AGE 23 OORN TENNESSEE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~GABRIEL 6, BORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 21 I HOUSE ICJ7 ALEXANDER LON~ ? 34 TENNESSEE, SARAH A 32,~~~~~~

~~~~~~EMILY II TENN 1 JOHN 8,SARAH 5,JAMES 4/12 ALL GORN TENNESSEE 1850 CENSUS OF BRADLEY COUNTY TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 222 Hou SE I 169 I I 69 JAMES VIARD 22 DORN TENrJ, SEN INA 30 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~L0RO? 15 WM 13 ELIJAH 6 MARY 3 NANCY I ALL DORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 226 HOUSE 1219 1219 W H VIALKER 62 BORN TENNESSEE MARV 62 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES 22 SI LAS 19 Ji HENRY 19, SUSANNAH 17 GEORGE 16 ALL BORN IN TEN~'~:~~~E:~~~~~~

~~~~~~---HOUSE I 221 1221 SUSANNAH PARKES 50, SUSANNAH PAR KS 34 &ORN TEN"': :: :~ :. .~:~~~~~~

CALVIN 25, JOHN 17 SAMUEL 13 BORN TENNESSEE ./ ; "' ----HOUSE 1222 RICHARD PARKS 29 BORN TENN SARAH 21 BORN TENN --- PAGE 228, HOUSE 1245 WM JONES 40 BORN KENTUCKY• ~ATILDA 35 BORN VIRGINIA JAMES 1 N 14 BORN TENN, GEORGE H 12 NANCY 10 DORN TENN,

~~~~~~ELVIRA 8 SARAH 6 MARY 4 BORN TENN JOHN 3 THOMAS 2 BORN TENr·.. ---PAQE 229 HOUSE 1257 SIBA PARKS A~E -80 DORN TENNESSEE SIDNEY 40 FAN~AH? 40 BvRN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PA~E 244 HOUSE 1089 JAMES TAYLOR 60 BORN TENN, MARY 48 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~Wt LL I AM 20 RUFUS-- I 8 MARY 22 6ORN TENN LUC INDA I 7 CATHA RI NE I 5 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~• El.LEN 13 STEPHEN 11 THOMAS 2 OORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PAGE 245 HOUSE 1502 MARGARET WALKER 59 BORN TENNESSEE, NANCY 35 TENN El.I ZABE1H 21 BORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 245 HOUSE 1503 JAMES E WALKER, 40 BORN TENN, ELIZABETH 34,~~~~~~

~~~~~~HESTER 17 FRANCIS 14 A MALE, NANCY t2 HARRIET II SIRAS 10 SARAH 8 WILLIAM~~~~~~

~~~~~~5, SAMUEL 2, JAMES 1/12 ALL BORN TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~••- PAGE 246 HOUSE 1518 JAMES WALKER 21 DORN TENNESSEE JANE 17 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~---• 1520 HOUSE, JAMES WALKER 2 56 VIRGINIA, PHOEBE 65 VIRGINIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PAGE 1520 248 HOUSE 1541 EDWARD N TAYLOR 33 GORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELLEN 30 OENIS 6 THOMAS 4, TENN ELIZABElH 71 FRANCES A FEMALE 35 ALL oORN TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAG[ 248 HOUSE 1543 FRANCES TAYLOR ,EMALE 75 BORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~EL I IA:>ETH 74 BORN NoRTH CAROLI NA~~~~~~

~~~~~~1547 HOUSE OWEN Ft SHER 39 MARTHA 39 BORN TEN.-.. ESSEE~~~~~~

••PAG~ 249 HOUSE 1555 0ENIS TAYLOR 44 CORN TENNESS~E. £LIZALETH 32 1850 CENSUS OF BRADLEY COUNTY TENNESSEE c ONTI NUED 158 ------... ,_ ...... - -- -- ..... _..., .... -- _, -- - ~ PAGE 249 HOUSE t555 CONTINUED:

~~~~~~MARTHA 2 IREREN 2 JANE JOHNSTON 70~~~~~~

~~~~~~18•Q--*** UNITED STATES CENSUS OF RHEA COUNTY TENNESSEE 1830~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 86 JOHN WALKER I MALE AGE 5, I OF 5-10, I OF tO-15, I OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~I vF 40-50, ~ I FFMAL£ UNDER 5, I OF 5-10- I OF 3U-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 84 CELEY WARD, I FEMALE AGE 60-70 NO OTHERS IN FAMILY~~~~~~

~~~~~~NICHOLAS \/JARD I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 20-30 FEMALE 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES CHRISTIAN PAGE 88 I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 15-20~~~~~~

~~JOHNSTON MARTIN I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-40, I FE:1;~ALE 5-t 0, I OF 10-15 I OF 30-40 AND I OF 60-70 ADNER WEATHERLY I MALE 5-10, I OF 30-40, 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, 2 5-10 I FEMALE 10-15, I OF 20-30~~

~~~~~~P~GE 104, WESLEY WARD I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-40, l FEMALE 15-20~~~~~~

~~~~~~. ._...... ,, ... . . ~ PAGE 118 Roi3ERT MARTIN I MALE 5-tv, I 40-50, I FEl'JlALE 10-15, I OF 20-30 J FEMALE 3C-40 I OF 4v-5O~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE· 120 JAS STARR 2 MALES IG-15, I OF 60-7C, I OF 7C-80 I FEMALE 10-15, I CF 6J-7G~~~~~~

~~~~~~P~E 124 ROBERT MARTIN I MALE 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 20-3C~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 124, JNO MARTIN I MAL£ UNDER 5, I OF 5-10-, I t0-15, I OF 15-2J I OF 70-80 J FEMALE 7...,..jQ~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 124 SAMUEL MARTIN 2 MALES UNDER 5, I OF tJ-t5, I OF 15-20~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 126 JNO MARTIN 2 MALES 5-IJ I OF 3v-4u I OF 4~-5~ 1 FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-I O I OF I 5-20~~~~~~

~~~~~~JESSE MARTIN 3 MALESU UNDER 5, I OF 5-10 1 I OF 10-15, 2 OF 15-20 I 40-50 I FEM AL E 5- I U • I OF 3v-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE: 126, JOSEPH McDANIEL I MALE 20-30, I 30-40,,1 C1 F 3G-40P'EMALE~~~~~~

~~~~~~JNo McDANIEL I MALE 30-Q 4~, 1 MALE 80-90, t FEMALE 2G-3:J I OF 7J-8C~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAMUEL MCDANNEL I MALE S-10-, I 3'""-4\J, I 5 ... -cG, 3 FE;-,1ALES UNOEfi 5, 2 OF 5-10 I OF 2C-3C CHAS. ,-,.1CDANNEL I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 2G-X, I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 30-4(, ,.~~~~~~

~~~~~~i'AGE 128 SAMUEL LOONEY I MALE 4""-5J, 2 FEMALES tJ-15, 2 2J-i I Sv-60 RHEA CO TEI\JN 1830 CENSuS CONTI NUEO (FIRST CENSUS IN EXISTENCE OF THIS CCUNTV)~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 130 JNO TAYLOR, I MALE 5-IU, I OF 10-15, I 0~ 15-2u I OF 40-50 2 FEMALES UNDER 5,. I OF 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 30-4..;~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 132 ELEANOR LOWRY I FEMALES UNO ER 5, I CF 6j-7~~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 134 JAS TAYLOR I MALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-IC, I OF 2C-30, 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I FEMALE IJ-15~~~~~~

~~~~~~P. TAYLOR I MALE UNDER 5, 2~-3v; I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 20-3v~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 136. WM LOWRY 2 MALES UNDER 5, 1 5-ao, 2 IC-15, 2 OF 30-40 1 F Er~~ALE 5-1 0, 1 FEMALE 3"'-4v~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE I 43 JOSEPH MARTIN I MALE 5-IC, I 30-41.., , 2 FE ... ALE UN L) ER 5, I OF 10-15, I FEMALE tJ-15, 2 uF 15-2v~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 143 PATRICK MARTIN I MALE UNDER 5• I OF 30-4-J, 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, 2 OF 10-15, 2 OF 15-20 I OF 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGt 143 CASI AS TAYLOR I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I FEMALE UNDER 5, I uF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 146 WM TAYLOR I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 2v•30, I FEMALE UNDER 5 I OF 5-1 u, I OF 2..;-3J~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 148 JESSE WALKER NO MALES ~IVEN I FEMALE BETWEEN 80•90, IS ALL THAT IS GIVEN~~~~~~

PAGE 150 ROBERT TAYLOR 3 MALES 5-lv, I OF 6C-70 2 FEMALES 15-20, 2 FEMALES t5-2J, 2 OF 20-30, I OF 5J-6Ci r'AGE 152 ANDERSON WALKER I MALE UNO ER 5, I OF I v-15, I OF' 20-30 I FEMALE I 5-20 NEXT OvOR WAS JOHN ~ALKER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 30-4~ 2 FEMALES UNO ER 5, I OF 30-40

~~~~~~NEXT DOOR Tv HIM WAS 0ANIL WALKER I MAL£ 3v-4~, t rEMALE 15-20 SAMUEL WALKER SR. OR JR? I MALE UNDER 5• I OF t5-20, I OF 6C-7u~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 154 WM WALKER T,TAL 8 IN FAMILY BUT DID NOT LIST ANY OF THEM~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 158 MOSES LOONEY 2 MALES UNDEh 5, 2 OF 5-tO, 2 OF 10-15, J OF 30-4~ I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, t t5-2G, I CF 3~-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEALSCN? TAYLGR I MALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5•10, ! 40-5C 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I 0F 5-aJ, I uF 30-40 ,_ PAGE 170 ADAM LOWRY I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 15-2J, I OF 2u-3C,/FEAMELES 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~VuLUME 10, OKLAHOMA CHRuNtCLES PAGE 33 DATE OF 1885 THE VEAR w.-t ICH JOEL 8. MAVES WAS ELECTED CH 11::F OF THE CHEROKEES. NOTES: MAURY COuNTY TENNESSEE 1830 c EN SUS~~~~~~

PAGE 102 CATHARINE McDANIEL 2 MALES 2~-30, I FEMALE 20-30 AND I FEMALE BETWEEN 60-70 { 0 'JES AN VON E KN OW I F TH I S I S C A TH AR I N E K I NG FI SH EH MC OAN I EL } PLEASE CJRRESPOND WITH THE PUBLISHER IF Su.

~~~~~~JOHNSON COUNTY Te:N;" ESSEE I 84J CENSUS SEARCH ED DANI EL WARO BETWEEN 70-30 AND A LARGE F'AMILV, ALS0 MANY OTHER WARD FAMILIES HERE AT THIS DATE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MONROE COUNTY TENNESSEE 1830 c EN sus~~~~~~

~~~~~~CASWELL WALKER PAGE 2 I MALE 10-15, I OF 3v-4G, 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, 2 5-10 I OF 2G-3J~~~~~~

~~PAGE I 0 JAMES MARTIN 2 MALES 15-20, I OF 50-60 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, 2 5-10, 3 10-15, 2 15-20 t FEMALE 20•30 I OF 30-40 PAGE 22 HARDY WARD, I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 20-30 - I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 20-30~~

~~~~~~HANNAH WARD, I FEMALE 5-10, I OF 15-2), I OF 20-30 I OF 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 26 MICAJAH WALKER I MALE I v-15, 2 OF 15-20, I 4~-50 I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10 I OF 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 28 MARGARET TAYLOR I FEMALE 15-20, t OF 20-30 I OF 4U-5C~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 32 SAMUEL PARKS 2 MALES UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-tv, I 10-15, I 40-50 I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF lv-15, I OF 15-20, I OF 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 34 CAMPBELL TAYLOR I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE 5-10, I OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 50 DAVID P WALKER I MALE 5-1 CJ, I OF 15-20, I OF 30-40 I FEM ALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 52 JOSEPH WALKER 2 MALES lv-15, I OF 15-20. I OF 6Q-70 I FEMALE 5-10, I OF 4J-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 56 SAMUEL WALKER 2 MALES UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-tO, I OF 10-15, I 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 3u-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 68 WM LOWRY t MALE UNDER 5, I Kl OF 5-tO, I OF 15-20, 1 OF 20-3) I MALE 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~PAGE 87 THOMAS WALKER l MALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-40, I OF FEMALES 5-10 ~ I OF 20-30 PAGE ii 83 SAMUEL WARD I ~ALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-10, I OF 15-20 I 20-30 I MALE 40-50, 2 FEMALES UNDER 5 t OF 30-40~~~~

PAGE 121 WM TAYLOR 2 MALES 10-15 I OF 15-20 I OF 4J-50, I F Ei'J1 A LE 30-40 AND ETC 1830 CENSUS OF fv10NROE COUNTY TENNESSEE CONTI NU£ 0 PAGE 2 161 JAMES TAYLOR I MlLE 10-15,/15-20, 3 OF 20-30 I OF 60-70 I FEMALE I 0-15, I OF t 5--2U, 2 OF 20-3v I OF 50-60

~~~~~~PAGE 133 SHADRICK M TAYLOR FAMILY HIMSELF I 30-40~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 149 GEORGE MARTIN 3J-4v, AND SEVERAL OTHERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 143 SAMUEL WALKER I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE UNO'R 5 I 20-31~~~~~~

PAGE t6l NAOME '!IALKER 3 MALES 5-tU, I 15-20, I 20-30 I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-10, & OF 10-15 3 OF 20-30 I OF 41- 50-60 * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * U. S. CB~SUS OF 1850 HAMILTON COUNTY TENNESSEE CHATTANOOGA THE COUNTY SE'\T

~~~~~~PAGE 409 HOUSE 530 530~~~~~~

~~~~~~C£LAS LOWRY 31 BORN TEN:,.ESSE£ ~: DRUCIL A 27 BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV " 8 : JOHN LOWRY 3 CA TH ARI NE I ALL BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~•--PAGE Ill HOUSE 558 558 JOHN LOWRY AGE 70 BORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARV 11 62 BOl~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANN 22 BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIAZ 25 BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~£LIZA 19 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~-----HOUSE 559 559 JOHN LOWRY 26 BORN TENi•.iESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~JEMIMA LOWRV 25 BORN TENNESSEE. JOHN LOWRY 2 OORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PAGE 447 HOUSE 1063 ALFORD PARKS 58 BORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY PARKS Sr BORN NORTH CiROLINA: CAROLINE PARKS 19 NC~~~~~~

~~~~~~CALVIN P1'RKS 12 BORN NuRTH CARCJLINA:: ADOLIN PARKS 10 N,._,RTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIZAGETH PARKS 4 NORTH CAROLINA: GEORGE PARKS 2 BCRN TENNESSEE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- 1129 GEORGE PARKS 24 SORN GECRGIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~CATHARINE 23 BORN TENNESSEE:: JOHN PARKS 3 SARAH PARKS 2 BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARY WIDOW hGE 70 GORN VIRGINIA, (HER NAE MtGHT OE MARY WEOEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS IT IS I LL 1 EsLE AS TO THE WvRRO "w• oowti~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE~~ IS A FAMILY OF JOHN WEEDEN ON PAGE 462 62 U S CENSLJS OF HAMILTON COU. lY T~NESSEE: PAGE 1 1850 CENSUS CHATTANOOGA COUNTY SE/\T, CONTINUED:~~~~~~

~~~~~~1476 HOUSE NUMOER, GREEN8URY HUGHES 41 OCRN NORTH CARCLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ALINDA HUGHES 32 CORN TENNESSEE; CASEL HUGHES 14 BORN T£NN~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN HUGHES 10 D0RN TEN~. ADALINE 7 GORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SARAH HUGHES 55 GORN NORTH CARJLINA . - - - - ~AGE 479 HOUSE 1526 SAMUEL WALKER 65 GuRN N~RTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTHA WALKER 25 BORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~--PAGE 483 SARAH WALKER 37 GORN NoRTH CAROLINA HOUSE 1573 15 RACHEL WALKER I I 7 OORN T£NN. LAFAYETTE WAL KER . i GORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAMPBELL WALKER 4 □ ORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1840 CENSUS OF HAMILTON COUNTY TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WM WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, ANO I OF 30-40, 2 FEMALES UNOr.R 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~I OF 5- I O, I FEMALE 20-3 0 , I (;F 30-4C~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALLEN WALKER 2 MALES UNDER 5, I CF 15-20, I OF 20-30, I FE,\~ALE UNDER 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEMALE OF 20-30 - - ..... - LEVI PARKS I MALE 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 40-50, I FE~ALE 10-15~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEMALE 20-30, I OF 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES MARTIN I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 15-20, I OF 50-60~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 FEMALES 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 167 SILAS LOWRY I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE 15-20,~~~~~~

~~~~~~JuHN TAYLOR I MALE 30-40 AND FEMALES~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 168 £. W. HUGHES AND JAS N HUGHS PAGE 171 P~.Gt 163~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES 371 PART I OF HOUSE DOCUMENTS VOLUME I 18~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 539 ETHNOLOGY BUREAU 19114 REPORT 189TH PART I~~~~~~

~~~~~~56TH CONGRESS 2ND SESSION I 900-1901 :/14192 NATI ONAL ARCHIVES NUM6ER~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES 370 - 371 MVTHS OF THE CHERCKEES DY MocNEY THE SHAWANO WAR:~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMONG THE MGST INVETERATE FOES OF THE CHEROKEE WERE THE SHAWANO,~~~~~~

~~~~~~KNOWN T. THE CHEROKEE AS ANI-SAWANUGI , WHC IN ANCIENT TIMES, PRJOAOLY AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARLY AS 1680, REMOVED FRCM SAVANNAH (1 • E. SHAWANO) RI VER, IN SOUTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAROLINA, AND OCCUPIED THE CUMOERLAND RIVER REGION IN MIDDLE TENNESSEE ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~KENTUCKY, FROM WHICH THEY WERE AFTERWARD DRIVEN OY TH£ SUPERIOR FORCE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SOUTHERN TRI OES AND COMPELLED TO TAKE REFUGE NORlH OF THE 0Ht o. ON ALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLD MAPS WE FtNO THE CUMGERLANO MARKED AS THE "RIVER OF THE SHAWANO."~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALTHOUGH THE TWO TRIBES VIER£ FRE~UENTLV, AND PERHAPS FOR LONG PERIODS, ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRIENDLY TERMS• THE OROINARY CONDITION WAS ONE OF CHRONIC WARFARE, FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN EARLY TRADITIONAL PERIOD UNTIL TH£ CLOSE GF THE RtVOLUTI ON. THIS HOST~~~~~~

~~~~~~ILE FEELING WAS INTENSIFIED OY THE FACT THAT THE SHAWANEE WERE USUALLY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~STEADY ALLI ES OF THE CREEKS• THE HEREDITARY SJUTHERN ENEMIES OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHER OKE£, l N 1749 HOWEVER, WE Fl ND A PARTY OF SHAWANO FROM THE N0Rnl,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCWPANIED BY SEVERAL CHEROKEE, MAKING AN INRCAD INTO THE CREEK COUNTRY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND AFTERWARD TAKING REFUGE AMONG THE CHEROKEE, THUS INVOLVING THE LATTER~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN A NEW WAR WITH THEIR SOUiHERN NEIGHBORS (ADAIR~ AMERICAN INOIANS, 276, 177~~~~~~

~~~~~~1775). THE SHAWANO MADE THEMSELVES RESPECT FOR THEIR FIGHTING QUALIFIES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~GAINI.NG A REPUTATION FOR VALOR WHICH THEY MAINTAINED IN THEIR LATER WARS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE WHITES, WHILE FROM THEIR SUDDEN ATTACK AND FERTILfTV OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~STRATAGEM lliEY CAME TO 8£ RE9AROEO AS A-b TRI OE OF MAGICIANS. 8V CAPTURE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OR INTERMARRIAGE IN THE OLO DAYS THERE IS Q,UITE AN ADMIXTURE OF SHAWANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~8LO':JD AMONG THE CHERCKEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Acc2RDING TO JOHN HAYW000 1 S HISTORY OF TENNESSEE AN AGED CHEROKEE CHIEF,~~~~~~

~~~~~~t'Ai·~F.O THE LITTLE CORNPLANTER OR LITTLE CARPENTER STATED IN 1772 THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SH~WANO HAO REMOVED FRCM THE SAVANNAH RIVER A LONG TIME BEFORE IN rv:YTHS CF THE CHEROKEES BY WiOONEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ETHNOLOGY BUREAU 19TH REP:>RT C'JNTI NUED ,....._ ..... ~ ------~~ ..... _, --- CONSE~UENCE OF A DISASTROUS WAR WITH SEVERAL NEIGH30RING TRIOES AND HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLED UPON THE CUMOERLAND, OY PERMISSION ·:F HIS PEOPLE. A Q.UARREL~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVING AFTERWARD ARISEN BETWEEN THE TWO TRIOES A STRONG BCOY OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE INVADED TH£ TERRITORY 0F T~E SHAWANO, AND TREACHEROUSLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTACKING THEM, KILLED A GREAT NUMDER. THE SHAWANO FORTIFIED THEM~ELVES~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND A LONG WAR ENSUED, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL THE CHICKASAW CAME~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO THE AID OF THE CHEROKEE, WH£N THE SHAWANO WERE GRADUALLY FORCED TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITHDRAW NORTH OF THE OHIO.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 372~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCORDING TO CHEROKEE TRADITION, A OODY OF CREEKS WAS ALREADY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTAGLISHEO NEAR THE MOUTH OF HIWASSEE WHILE THE CHEROKEE STILL HAD THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAIN SETTLEMENT UPON THE LITTLE TENNESSEE. THE CREEKS OEING NEAR ,. NEIGHBORS, PRETENDED FRIENDSHIP WHILE AT THE SAMETIME SECRETLY AIDING~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SHAWANO. HAVING DISCOVERED THE TREACHERY, THE CHEROKEE TOOK~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADVANTAGE OF THE PRESENCE OF THE CREEKS AT A GREAT DANCE AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ITSATI uR ECHOTA THE ANCIENT CHEROKEE CAPITAL, TG FALL SUDDENLY UPON~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM AND KILL NEARLY THE WHOLE PARTY. THE CONSEQUENCE WAS A WAR WITH T~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FINAL RESULT THAT THE CREEKS WERE DEFEATED AND FORCED TO AOANDON~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL THEIR SETTLEMENTS ON THE WATERS OF THE TENNESSEE RI VER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAYWOOD SAYS THAT "LITTLE CoRNPLANTER 11 GR CARPENTER HP.D SEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHAWANO SCALP DROUGHT INTO THE CHERJKEE TCWNS. WHEN HE WAS ABOY HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FATHER WHO WAS ALSO A CHIEF HA0 TC LD HIM HOW HE HAC ONCE LED A PARTY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGAINST THE SHAWANO AND WAS RETURNING WITH SEVERAL SCALPS, V~EN, AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY WERE COMING THROUGH A PASS IN THE M,JUYTAINS, THEY RAN tNTO ANOTiiER~~~~~~

~~~~~~PARTY OF CHEROKEE 'HARRI ,:;RS WHO MISTAKING THEM FOR ENEMIES, FIRED INTC~~~~~~

~~~~~~:f-lC:M AND KILLED SEVERAL BEFJRE 11iEY OISCOVEi~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 385 BRIAN WARD ON B~TTLE OF TALI WA~~~~~~

~~~~~~203 ANO 204~~~~~~

~~~~~~RESCUE OF MRS BEAN 490, WARNING TO AMERICANS BY NANCY WARO PAGE 47~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- PAGE 385 BRIAN WARD, "THE bATlLE CF TALIWA WHICH DECIDED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAVOR OF THE CHEROKEE THE LONG WAR BETWEEN THEMSELVES AND THE CREF.:KS WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOUGHT ABOUT 1755 OR A FEW YEARS LATER AT A SPOT ON MOUNTAIN CRE~ OR~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG SWAMP CREEK, WHICH ENTERS ETOWAH RIVER ABOUT CANTON, GEORGIA, NEAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE THE OLD TRAIN CROSSES THE Rl~ER• ABOUT LONG SWAMP TOWN. ALL OUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~INFORMATION CONCERNING IT IS TRADITIONAL, OBTAINED FR(M JAMES WAFFORD,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO HE ARO THE STGRV WHEN A BOV, AB GUT VEAR I 81 5 FROM AN OLD TR ADER NAMED~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRIAN WARD WHO HAD WITNESSED THE BATTLE SIXTY YEARS GEFORE. ACCORDING~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO HIS ACCOUNT, IT WAS PROBADLY THE HARDEST 3ATTL£ EVER FOUGHT BETWF.EN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TVIO TRIBES AOOUT 500 CHEROKEE AND TWICE THAT NUMBER OF CREEK WA~RIORS~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEING ENGAGED. THE CHERCKEE WERE AT FIRST OVERMATCHEO ANO FELL BACK~ auT RALLIED AGAIN ANO RETURNED To THE ATTACK, DRIVING THE OREEKS FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~COVER SO THAT THEY BROKE AND RAN, THE VICTORY WAS COMPLETE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~DECISIVE Al·J0 THE DEFEATED TRI BE IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARD ABANDONED THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHOLE UPPER PORTION OF GEORGIA AND THE ADJACENT PA RT OF' ALABAMA TO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONQUERORS. BEFORE THIS GATTLE THE CREEKS HAD GEEN ACCUSTOMED TO SHIFT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUT A GOOD DEAL FRCM PLACE To PLACE, BUT THEREAFTER THEY CONFINED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEMSELVES MORE CLOSELY To FIXED HOME LOCATIONS. IT WAS IN CONSEQ.UENCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF Tu IS DEFEAT THAT THEY ABANDONED THEIR TGWN ~N NoTTELY RI VER, BELOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~COOSA CREEK, NEAR BLAIRSVILLE, GEORGIA, THEIR OLD FtELDS BEING ~T ONCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCCUPJ ED OY CHERCKEE, WHO MOVE~ OVER FROM THEIR SETTLEMENTS CJN THE HEAO OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~S~\/ANNAH RI VER. AS HAS BEEN ALRE:AUY STATED A PEACE WAS MADE 1759 JUST IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIME TO ENA0LE THE CREEKS TC ASSIST THE CHEROKEE IN THEIR WAS WITH PAGE 166 ~'iYTHS OF THE CHERCKEE BY MCONEY ETHNCL0GY ~UREAU 19TH REPORT CLNTINUED:~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 121 IN AUGUST OF 1834 COUNCIL WAS HELD AT RED CLAY S. E. FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHATTANOOGA ANO JUST WITHIN THE GEORGIA LINE, WHERE TH£ QUESTION OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMOVAL WAS AGAIN DEBATED IN WHAT 15 OFFICIALLY DESCRIBED AS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~TUMULTUOUS AND EXCITED MEETING. ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL ADVOCATES OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE EMIGRATION SCHEME• A PROMINENT MIXED BLOOD NAMED JOHN WALKER JR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS ASSASI NATEC FROM AMBUSH Wi I LE RETURN I NG FROM THE COUNCIL TO MIS HOME~~~~~~

~~~~~~A FEW MILES NORTH OF THE PRESENT CLEVELAND TENNESSEE. ON ACCOUNT 0~~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS SUPERIOR EDUCATION AND INFLUENTIAL CONNECTION, HIS WIFE B~IN~ A~~~~~~

~~~~~~NIECE OF FORMER IN0IAN.AGENT, RET\J~ J. MEIGS TH£ AFFIAIR CREt-.TED~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTENSE EXCITEMENT AT THE TIME. THE ASSASINATI ON HAS BEEN CONSIDERED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FIRST OF THE LONG SERIES Or POLITICAL MURDERS GROWING OUT OF T1iE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMOVAL AGITATION, BUT, ACCORDING THE TESTtM0NEV OF OLD CHEROK~E~~~~~~

~~~~~~AV'QUA I NTED WI TH THE FACTS, THE KI LL I NG WAS DUE TO A MORE PER SO NA 1- -MOTI- -VE.------NoTE: HOUSTON BENGE TEEHEE uF TAHLE~UAH, 1940 FORMER REGISTRAR OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE UNITED STATES TREASURY DURING ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WooDROW WtLSON ATTORNEY, MEMBER OF PIONEER CHEROKEE FAMIL¥ TO OKLAHOMA~~~~~~

~~~~~~- HE A LAWYER, BORN IN SEQ,UOYAH COUNTY OKLAHOMA, FORMERLY CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NATION, INDIAN TERRITORY, OCTOBER 31 1874 SON OF STEPHEN AND RHODA "E" (BENGE) ~~ TEHEE ENROLLING CLERK ADDEO ANGTHER/To FIRST SYLLABLE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~NAME, EDITOR CHEROKEE NATIONAL r11·lALE SEMINARY, TALA~UAH, OKLAHOMA 1893~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO 94, FoRT VloRTK TEXAS UNIVERSITY, 1895-96, BANK CASHIER TAHLEQ.UAH~~~~~~

~~~~~~1906-8, MEMBER OKLAHOMA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 191 I, RESIGNED TO FILL~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNEXPERED TERM AS COUNTY ATTORNEY 1911 -12 REELECTED TO HOUSE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~~EPRESENTATIVES 1912 US PROBATE ATTORNEY FOR CHERCKE£ INDIANS IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~0 KLAH OMA JANUARY I 1926 TC.· JUNE I 19?:7, MEMS ER SUPREME COURT COMMON OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~OKLAHOMA, 1ST SuPREME COURT JUOICI Al. DISTRICT JUNE I, 1927 TU DECEMBER 3 " 31 1931 RESUMED PRACTICE AT TAHLEQ.UAH DEMOCRAT, PRESBYN ~JASON WooDMAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF WoRK KP CLUB KIWANIS PRES., HOME TAHLEQUAH OKLAHOMA. NOTES: 167~~~~~~

~~~~~~RETURN JONATHAN MEIGS ANO HIS FAMILV RECCROS ARE TO BE FOUND ON PAGE 106~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF MARCY AND THE GOLD SEEKERS, BY GRANT FOREMAN, BY UNIVERSITY OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~OKLAHOMA PRESS, CALL NUMBER AT NATIONAL ARCHIVES, "F 593 F 6". ------PAGE 459 VOLUME I, INDIAN AFFAIRS, AMERICAN STATE PAPERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~''MAJOR Kl NG ANO DAN I EL CARMICHAEL'S REPORT TO SECRETAR V SMITH, RE:F~~REO~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO IN THE FOREGOING LETTER. CAPTAIN CHtSOLM 1 S JUNE 12, 1793 IN --:-1.fE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EV EN I Ner : S I R : AT l THE APPEARANCE OF DAY LIGHT THtS MORNING, C°"PY t,,..O~lN~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEARD WI TH HIS COMPANY OF M...:UNTEO INFANTRY, TO OUR CREAT SURPR If~: "l_n AOE AN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTACK ON THE I NOi ANS, AT THE HANG I NG MAW'S• THEV HAVE KILLED Si:) ?.N T[:E,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO WE BELIEVE SIGHT OR NINE OTHERS, AMONG THEM WM RoSEBURV, Aw:~~ r""E MAN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE HANGING MAW SHOT THROUGH THE ARM, BETTV THE DAUGHTER OF Nt.NCY \V~RO,~~~~~~

~~~~~~\ICUHDE0. THE FIRE OF THIS INHUMAN PARTY SEEMED TO BE DIRECTED AT ·:pa:~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHITE PEOeLE WHO WERE THERE AS MUCH AS AT THE INDIANS. THEREFORE, WE MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUR ESCAPE THROUGH IT AS ~UICK AS POSSIBLE, AND CANNOT GIVE A MINUTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCJUNT CF THE WHC>LE OF THE DAMAGE. BY HARD PLEADING, WE GOT THEM TC~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPARE THE REST CF THE HANGING MAW 1 S FAMILY, AND HIS HOUSE FROM BEING BURNT~~~~~~

~~~~~~BURNT. SUCH A OETERMINAABLE ACT AS THIS WOULD BE fJASE AT ANY TIME, BUT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS THEY WERE THERE AT THE REQ.UEST OF GOVERNOR BLOUNT, IT WI LL BE ATTENDED~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH FATAL CONSE~UENCE AND RETALIATION WILL SURELY TAKE PLACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE INFGRMED THE WHITE INHABITANTS OF BAKER ts CREEK, NINE-MILE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITTLE RI VER OF THIS HORRID DEED, AS WE CAME HERE; THEY ARE MUCH ALARMED,~~~~~~

~~~~~~BLAME THE PiRPETRAT0RS, EXPECT THE UTMOST HOSTILITY OF THE INDIANS, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARE CRYING OUT FOR ASSISTANCE ON THE FRONTIER. .: .... GENEKAL JOSEPH M~RTIN OF HIS DESCENDANTS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~U~ TO 1957 THERE DOES NOT SEEM TO GE ANY MEMOERS WHO WENT IN UNDER~~~~~~

~~~~~~BETTY WARD AND GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN, OUT THE FOLLOWING MEMBERS / DAUGHTER tD'F NANCY WARD • AS... ---DESCENDANTS--- - OF HIS OTHER WI VESJ~~~~~~

~~~~~~-j/20744 Lucv M HENDERSON HORTON, (HENRY) 2302 DIXIE PLAIE, NASHVILLE,T~NN DROPPED 1938~~~~~~

~~~~~~#t 5977 NIRS MARGARET GRAYSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~47152 MRS EVA MARTIN BUCKMAN, (SAMUEL) 234 HOMEWOOD TERRACE, 8ALT 1 t.,·,c~E MARYLAND RESIGNED 1930~~~~~~

~~~~~~47839 MISS ELIZABETH MARTIN PRITCHETT, 0UMDARTON COURT, WASHINGTON 0 I ED f 929~~~~~~

~~~~~~60663 MRS. MARGARET GLASS \YI LL I AMS GANO NOW MRS A V C 08 c, ACTIVE ~E=~ .3 F'~~~~~~~

~~~~~~RcuTE 3 Box 265 GREENSBORO NORTH CAROLINA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~61621 f.,'1RS ELIZA ETHHAIRSTON l·NGLES, (CYRUS H) 109 NORTH 3RD STREIT, ttlCHMOND, VA OIEO 1930~~~~~~

~~~~~~68649 MRS MAUDE INGLES \fl ATKINS, (CHARLES) 905 'I/ GRACE STREET, Rt CH ~!:ONO, VA. DI ED I 91 I ,.~~~~~~

~~~~~~76308 MRS MYRA ALLEN 'IIILLIAMS TATUM- 790 BIG BEN ROAD, WEBSTER GROVES,Mo. ORQPt,iED 1918~~~~~~

~~~~~~73047 MhS. ELISE WILLIAMS RGBERTS, WIFE OF JOSEPH FRANCIS ROBERTS DAUGHTER OF THOMAS NEALS WILLIAMS 318 E KINGSTON AVE CH ARLETTE N C - ACTIVE MEM GER~~~~~~

~~~~~~79099 MISS MAUDE 'NILLIAMS, BOWLING GREEN, Mo. RESIGNED 1933~~~~~~

~~~~~~66913 MRS, FAN1\JY MARTIN TATE, (CHARLES 8) WYTHEVILLE, VA, RESIGNED 1912~~~~~~

~~~~~~67061 MRS MARY GEORGE BARKSDALE (KINCANNON) (ANDREW) 2904 HARDY ST. HATTISBURG MISS. DIED t953~~~~~~

~~~~~~69061 Mass SARE ELIZABtTH EDWARDS, 1812 SIBLEY AVENUE 9T. CHARLES Mo. DROPr-'ED 1912~~~~~~

~~~~~~69282 Mass LUCILE EDWARDS, 1812 SIBLEY AVENUE, ST. CHARLES Mo.DIED t956~~~~~~

~~~~~~63343 MISS RoSE 'NILLIAMS, WYTHEVILLE, VA. DIED 1912~~~~~~

~~~~~~044- 72 MRS. ANN Pu FF IN GILBERT, (RI LEY M} I 8 '/:/ 53RD ST .NEW YORK N Y DI ED 1927~~~~~~

~~~~~~~20288 Miss LYDIA GOLDIE MARSHALL SMITH, BARLINGTON MD -ACTIVE MEMBER~~~~~~

~~4802 MRS SARAH CATHARINE SAUNDERS Moss, (WILLIAM) GUNTERSVILLE, ALABAMA, RESIGNED 1933~ PAGE PIONEERS OF THE OLD SOUTHWEST VOLUi:E 18 169 BY CONSTANCE LINDSEY SKINNER (LITTLE VOLUME IN L13ARV OF NAT I ON AL ARCH I VE 5 , C ALL NO E I 7 3 C 4 7

~~~~~~THUS WAS HERALOEC THE GEGINNINNING OF A SAVE WARFARE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH KEPT THE BORDERS ENGAGED FOR YEARS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT HAS GEEN A TRADITION OF THE CHRONICLERS THAT ISAAC THOMAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~RECEIVED A TIMELY WARNING FROM NANCY WARD, A HALF CAST CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROPHETESS WHO OFTEN SHOWED HER GOOD WILL TOWARDS TH£ WHITES AND 1tf AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE INDIANS WERE ROUSED TO BATTLE BY ALEXANDER CAMERON AND JOHN~~~~~~

~~~~~~STUART, THE BRITISH AGENTS OR SUPERINTENDENTS AMONG THE OVERHILL TRf GES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE WAS A LETTER BEARING CAMERON'S NAME STATING TH~T 1500 SAVAGES~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRCM THE CHEROKEE AN~ CREEK NATIONS WERE TO JOIN WITH 8RITI SH TROOPS~~~~~~

~~~~~~LANDED AT PENSACOLA IN AN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE SOUTHERN FRONTIER~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLONIES. THIS LETTER WAS BROUGHT TO WATAUGA AT DEAD OF NIGHT BY A~~~~~~

~~~~~~MASKED MAN WHO SLIPPED IT THROUGH A WINDOW AND RODE AWAY. AP,·'ARENTLV~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN SEVIER DID NOT BELIEVE THE MILITARY INFORMATiON CONTAINED IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MfSTERIOUS MISSIVE, FCR HE COMMUNICATED NOTHING rF IT TC; THE VA~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMITTEE. IN RECENT YEARS THE FACTS HAVE COME TO LIGHT. THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MYSTERIOUS LETTER AND OTHERS OF A SIMILA~ TENOR BEARING FORGED~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIGNATURE ARE CITED IN A REPORT 8V THE SRI TISH AGENT, JOHN STUART,~~~~~~

~~~~~~TOHIS GOVERNMENT. IT APr>EARS THAT SUCH INFLAMATORY MISSIVES HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEEN INDUSTRIOUSLY SCATTEfiD THROUGH THE C3ACK SETTLEMENTS OF BOlH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAROLINAS. THERE ARE ALSO LETTERS FROM STUART TO LORD DARTMOUTH,~~~~~~

~~~~~~DATED A VEAR EARLIER,, URGING THAT SJMETiilNG BE DONE IMMEDIATELY TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO C8UNTERACT RUMORS SET AFLOAT TH~T THE BRITISH WERE ENDEAVORING TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~INSTIGATE t.301li THE INDIANS AND THE NEGROESS TO ATTACK THE AMERICANS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOW I T I S OF C OUR SE , AN EST AGL I SH ED FACT TH AT 8 Ci 1li THE BR I Tl SH~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN~ THE AMERICAN ARMIES USED INDIANS IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDEf\CE, EVEi'4~~~~~~

~~~~~~ti.S COTH TOGETHER HAD USED THEM AGAtr.,zST THE FRENCH AND THE SPANISH AND TH E ~ R ALL I ED I ND I A NS • ( TO 8 E C ONT I NU ED ) PAGE ; · 170~~~~~~

~~~~~~HISTORICAL COLLECTION CF GEORGIA O A R SHOWS BRYANT WARD, MADE WILL~~~~~~

~~~~~~AUGUST 18 1 1815 PRODATED JUN£ 1817 HAD WIFE ANN WARD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~NIECE AND NeriHeN SUSAN,-.AH Af\O BRYANT 'JIAfi>~~~~~~

~~~~~~SJN JOHN WARD (TH IS MIGHT BE THE JOHN (JACK) WARD WHO IS WRITTEN UP~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN SPRINGPLACE ) AS SOLE EXECUTOR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH MARTIN vF THIS COUNTY ON TUGULOO RIVER, (MIGHT BE RELATED OR~~~~~~

~~~~~~DESCENDANT OF GE'1EnAL JOSEPH. THIS DOCUMENT WAS LISTED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRANKLIN COUNTY GECRGIA, BOOK DATED 1814 TJ 1827. (COULD ANYONE GIV':~~~~~~

~~~~~~ME THE INFORMATION AS TO WHETHE~ H£ WAS THE 2NO HUSBAND OF NANCY 'NARD.~~~~~~

~~~~~~1860 CENSUS OF ARKANSAS VOLUME 8 CHICAKASAW DISTRICT~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTY OF TISHOMINGO WEST, POST OFFICE FORT ARBUCKLE£~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE I 194 HOUSE 16-16 AARON HARLAN AGE 50 OORN IN TENNESSEE PERSOANL ESTAT~ ~15000,PERSONALS HE WAS A MERCHANT~~~~~~

~~~~~~CATHARINE HARLAN 23 BORN ARKANSAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAR AH 19, BORN ARK JAMES M I 6, JACKSON I 2, MARTH A 10, 8ENJAMI N H BAI LEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE 20, ALL CHILDREN BORN ARKANSAS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE I 206 KI AMI Tl A CO THE CH OCT AW NATI ON POST OFF I CE O0AKSV 1 LL E ARK~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOUSE 99 98 JESSE H 'fJALKER 32 SORN IN TENNESSEE, MET'"•OlDST MINISTER~~~~~~

~~~~~~'vi ARY JANE 34 AND SAM UE L SHEL BY I I OORN TENN /BO RN AL A13 AM A •~~~~~~

~~~~~~---CHEROKEE CCUNTY GA, 1840 CENSUS Tfi E FIRST TA KEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS TO THE WARD ANO fV1ARTIN NAMES. PAGE 162 MILLEY MARTIN I MALE 10-15, 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~2-15-20, I OF 20-30, I FEMALE 5-10 f OF 10-15, !I OF 50-60~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 163 WM VIARD OR WoRD 3 MAi.ES 5-10, I OF' 10-15 l MA LE 4050~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I OF 10-15, I OF 15-20 I FEMALE 40-50~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 184 JACOB MARTIN~ I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE UNDER 5, 1 OF 20-30~~~~~~

~~~~~~J A~✓i ES LOVIERY PA GE t 83 I MA LE 50-60 I. FEMALE 40-50 AND SEVER AL OTHERS PelGE _ l 71 AS GENER AL Jos EPH MARTIN D aED IN HENRY Co VA I 808 c OULO ANY ONE TELL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ME WHAT RELATION THE FOLLOWING JOSE:;,H MARTIN PENSIONER WAS TO HIM~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH tv~ARTI N OF THE: REVOLUTION, PENSIONER IN HENRY Co VA AP PL I ED 1821~~~~~~

~~~~~~AUG 14 AND PATSEY MARTIN OF VI RGI NI A SERVICE Ne. W 9532. HE WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE 66 IN 1821 STATES HE WAS ENLISTED AS A SOLIDER ON CONTINENTAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTAOLISHMENT IN THE REVOLUTION, FALL OF 1777 ENLISTED av c .. PT THOMA~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEST AND ATTACHED TO THE 10TH VA REGIMENT UNDER COL VJM RUSSELL A~D~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTACHED To GUARD WEADONS BRIGADE SERVED TO FALL CR WINTER OF 1778~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN HE WAS REENLISTED ~ANO BY CAPT JAMES WILLIAMS AT MIODLEOBOOK roq~~~~~~

~~~~~~OURlTION OF WAR AND WAS DISCHARGED AT ALEXANDRIA FROM THE HOSPITAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE SURGEON WM RUNNLEY AFTER PEACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN A LETTER FROM PENSION COMMISSIONER TO W:RS. BESS R. LOGAN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~401 23 STREET N VJ CORCORAN I~ COURTS, APT 621, WASH I NC.TON O C HE STATESe~~~~~~

~~~~~~REFERENCE IS,, MADE TO YOUR PERSONAL REQUEST FOR TH£ REVOLUTIONARY WAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~RECORD OF JOSEPH MARTIN AND WIFE PATSEY BAILY MARTIN STATES ™E CATA~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTAINED HEREIN WERE OBTAINED FROM PENSION APPLICATION W 9532~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH MARTIN ENTERED SERVICE DATE ANO PLACE NOT STATED AS A MINUTE MAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SERVED ONE VEAR UNDER JOSE?H COMBS, AT ALEXAIDRIA VA• HE ENLISTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~FA LL OF I 777 SEP.VE D I N C A PT WM SM I TH ' S TH OM AS 'I/EST A NC JAM ES WI LL I AMS •~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMPANIES, 10 VA REGIMENT AND IN COL WM RUSSELL'S VA REGIMENT WAS IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BATTLE OF MoNMCUTH AND WAS DI SCH ARGED FROM A HOSPITAL AT ALEXAIIDII A~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER PEACE. AFTER THE WAR SOLDIER ANO FAMILY MOVED FROM LOUDOUN Co.~~~~~~

~~~~~~VA TO PITTS □ VLVANIA Co VA THEN TC HALIFAX VA THEN TO NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE.~ RETURNED TO PtTTSVLVANI A VA AND THE;, MOVED TC HENRY CO VA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE WAS ALLOWED PENSION ON APPLICATION EXECUTED Nov I It 1818 WHILE AGE A RESIDENT OF HENRY Co VA, / 1 AOOU T 63 - HE O I ED FEBRUARY 14 I 832~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN HENRY Co VA. HE MARRIED MARSH I YEf...R NOT STATED, AND 1'BCiUT 18 MON'lliS~~~~~~

~~~~~~G~FGRE ~AR CLOSED TC PATSEY BAILY, LJUDOUN CcuNTY VIRGINIA PAGE i72 WAS ALLOWED PENSION ON HER AP;JLICATI ON EXECUTED 2-2E•-183S WH l~'E~~~~~~

~~~~~~A RESIDENT OF RuCKINGHAM COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA AGE AOCU..,. 7~. IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1840 SHE WAS LIVING IN PATRICK CG VA,SOLDIER AND PATSEY HAD SIX CLI I LDREN~~~~~~

~~~~~~STEPHEN MARTIN BORN NOVEMBER 28,- 1779~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUSANNA MARTIN ·aoRN MAY 8 1781~~~~~~

~~~~~~MORNING OR MOANING MARTI~ OwRN Au~ 1 1789~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH MA~TIN BORN StPTEMGER 7 1791 OR 1792~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOMAS MARTIN DORN MAY 26, 1795~~~~~~

~~~~~~PATSY OR MARTHA MARTIN BORN MAV 27 1798 MARRIED JOHN PERDUE~~~~~~

~~~~~~1839 STEPHEN, SUSANNA, MORNING AND JOSEPH WERE RESIDENTS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~PATRICK COUNTY VIRGINIA, PATSY WAS LIVING IN RocKINC.HAM Co NC~~~~~~

~~~~~~AhD THOMAS WAS RESIDING SOME WHERE IN THE WEST, THERE ARE NO FURTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILY DATA•~~~~~~

.. Q.UOTES FROM HAYYIOODS HISIDRY OF TENNESSEE PAGE 300 BETTV WARD DAUGHTER OF NANCY WARD MENTIONED. PAGE 60 NANCY WARD MENTIONED PA;E :r/1 JOHN 'IIALKER AND GEORGE FIELDS TWO VOUNG HALF BREEDS WHO HAD BEEN RAISED AMONG THE WHITE PEOLLE IN WHICH EVERYONE HAD THE UTMOST CuNFIOENCE. PAGE 41 ATTA-CULLA CULLA INDIAN CHIEF, PAGES 44-468- 504 AND 506 PAGE 41 HE AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH WAR AND IN 1755 BRADDOCK WAS DI VIDEO IN HIS ATTEMPT UPON FORT DUQUESNE THE CHEROKEE WERE INIMICAL TO THE EN~LISH COLONIES - THE Gov Doeos OF N.C. ~&~~R DESPATCHED CAPT WATTLE TO TREAT WITH THEM AND ALSO WITH THE C ATAWH A. IN I 756 HE MADE A TREATY OFFEN SI VE AND O EFENS I VE WI TH ATTA CULLA GULLA OR THE LITTLE CARPENTER IN BEHALF CF THE CHEROKEE PAGE 468 1795 MENTIONS THE EXPLANATION GIVEN 6V THE GOVERNOR WAS THIS PATRICK JACK AT THAT TIME OF PENNSVLV~NIA WHO GAVE THE MEDAL TC• UTHE BLOODY FELLOW 11 REPORTS HIMSELF TO HAVE BEEN AN ARMORER IN FoRT LOUDJN, AND THAT A DEE~ WAS MADE To HIM BV THE CHEROKEE FGR 15 MILES S~UARE MAOE UPON THE SOUTH BANK OF THE TENNESSEE, INCLUDING THE F CRT FOR A VA LU A 8 LE CONS I OER AT I ON • C ER TA I N I T I S THAT H E H AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WRITING SIGNED ABOUT THE TIME THAT THE BRITISH POSSESSED THA THAT FORT BY ATTA CULLA CULLA AND THE LITTLE CARPENTER GREAT CHIE~ :F NOT THE HEAD OF THE NATION HE OBJECT OF VIHICH APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN TO CONVEY THE ABOVE DESCRIBED TRACT OF LAND TO HIM. PAGE 504 ATTA CULLA CULLA WAS OF NATCHEV CREEK. WALKER MILITARY RECORDS .NO 111~ 2 ne ,,i:nent (Lillard' s) Page 173

~~~~~~of Tennessee I;iiilitia t:tnder Col ·t~rn Lillard.~~~~~~

~~~~~~A:··, ;ears on co~')an;t muster rol 1 Oct 14, 1813 to Feb 8 1-~14 roll dated: Greeneville Feo 9 1814. date joined Oct l'l 131~-~~~~~~~

~~~~~~Dtsc11r~~·ed Feb .9 1814.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Infantry in tr.a re·_rirncnt of East Te"lnessee ?~ilitia under r>:~l ~·~m Lil:ard. Tl'!is rol.l. vias not dated.~~~~~~

~~~~~~iay- per mont1"1 :~:.11. amo~nt of ~a.7 ;';:-~2.22. ------He was under East Tennessee Volunteers. MAJOR JOHN ViALKER NO 1410 in Colonel Morgan, Jr B, Regiment~~~~~~

,; Cherokee Indians, war of 1812. The United States In Account with Major John Walker Specification of account 1 horse Commencement Oct 7-1813 for forage 2 hares Jan 27 1814 ---EXPERATIO~ Jan 6 1814 arrl 1814 April 11 Number of Months 3 am 2 am 16 days Allowance for forage 8 8 totam amount $64.00

I HEREBY ON HONOR THAT THE ABOVE ACGOlJJ\TT OF $64 is accqurate and that I have not drawn :forage or received money in lieu the re of, for or during any par.t of the time charged That I actually amplmyed and kept in service the number of ho~ses as above ch~rged. Signed John Walker R0~eivod of Return J Meigs $64 in full of above -9-2-1816

~~~~~~vrit r.1.,2~,~ Wm Payne. ---~- a:-iotrer account similar to above $113.20 f'or Che·rokae and~~~~~~

8~:,e~k ?Iations arrl received pay sept 2 1816 from Cherokee Ag WALKER IvlILITARY RECORDS 174 PAG£ 174 MajJr Jno Walker, subsistonce account, commencing Oct 7 1813 anding Apr 111814 $115.20 · I heroby certify on honor that tho above account 1s just and that I have not a.ra drawn but one ration per day in kind as stated in the above account, which is deducted, nor have I drawn money in lietl thereof, for or during any part of tho timo. Signed Charokae Agency Received of Return J Meigs

$115 .20 in full of above. signed 9-2-1816 John Wa.11ror. witness Wm Payne ------separate paper; Know all men by these preseniJs trn.~- I, John Walker of the Cherokee nation have appointee a~d by these presents constitute Gideon :&1organ and R,.,fus l1!or6~.. n my truo and lawful attorney to affix or sign my name to n.J.l or any receipts, rolls, composing the regiment of Cherokee late in the ser-:.~··ice of the United States during the creek

; war 1;e so as to enable me draw rrom Col Return J Meigs, agent and paymaster to the Cherokees all the pay which is due me from individuals composing that Regi ment whose power of attorney I hold for the collection of their pay as well as all those assigned to me from others. I do this for the case of myself and to facilitate the signing the said rolls because I am not a good scribe. And all the rolls my said attorneys shall sign in virtue of this letter of attorney shall be as binding as on me to all intents and purposes as tho Ix the same shall have been none~ with my own hand. Given under my hand and seal at the Cherokee agency 29 July 1816, signed John Walker(X)

~~~~~~1,~fitnesses Wm Payne, and Jno Ross. ----COL MORGAN JR'S REG'T CHEROKEE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~::IAJOR JOHN WALKER appears with the rank of Iviajor on a muster~~~~~~

,i.1 011 of Field and Staff of a regiment of Cherokees commanded ½y Col Gideon Morgan Jr. in service ag-ainst the,hostile PAGE \75 Creeks, war of 1812 - roll not dated (WALICER ?-,!II,!Tft?Y R~CORD~J in one place but dated Apr 111814 in anothm~, h~ jojned service Oct 7 1813, and discharged April 11 1814 ---on another card, shows John Walker, Major, regiment of C~erokee Warriors commanded by Col Gideon Morgan Jr. War of 1812, appears on Field and Statf pay roll Oct 7 l8~3 to April 11, 1814 - commencement of service or of this settlement Oct 7 1813. Expiration of service or of this settlement Apr 11 1814. Term or service charged 6 months pay per month $50. allowance for pay of horses at 40 cen9!::~ per day -.187 days $74.80, amount of pay $374.80. (MOU}JTED Iv:~:-J, '\ another card 1st Major abstract of subsistence of Q@ Officers of a Dami Brigade of Cherokee Warriors attached to the Southern Army war of 1812. For Oct 7 1813 to Apr 11, 181-:~ amount $149.SO, remarks: Major Jno Walker XJa is Half Blood. Commencing 7 Oct 1813 ending April 111814 another card: still all of them has "Col Mor·an Jr's Reg1met Cherokee Indians, abstract of Forage fort he F1_ald and Staft of a Corps of Cherokee Warriors in the service of t~ U. S. in the years 1813 and 1814, com.~anded by Col Gideon Morgan,Jr. war of 1812, for 1813 and 1814 ----ANOTHER FILE NUMBE!R 1409

~~~~~~JACK WALKER IN COLONEL MORGAN, JR'S RBGIMENT CHEROKEE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIAR OF 1812 a private, appears with the rank of private~~~~~~

~~~~~~on muster roll of Capt JOHN ivl~INTCSH' S COMPANY OF MOUNTED AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~?OCT CHEROKEES IN SERVICE AJAINST THE HOSTILE CREEKS. WAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~0:71 1812. for Jan 27 to Apr 11, 1814 o roll dated 11.pr 11,1814~~~~~~

~~~~~~~v::r~n i=;ntered, Jan 27 1814 when d:.sc}rr g0d Apr 11 1814~~~~~~

~~~~~~---·· .:;nather card: Capt John 1Y1cintosh' s company of Cherokee • i\i•_<"::icrt:1 of the Cherokee regiment ccmmanded by Col Gideon WALKER MILITARY RECORDS~~~~~~

MORGAN JR. WAR OF 1812, appears on company pay roll Jan 2? to April 11 1814 roll dated - nc:,t dated .Commencement or service Jan 27 1814 expiration of service Aprl 111814 term of sorvico charged 2 months 15 days - pay $8 per month, all owance for pay of horse from Jnn 27 1814 to Apr 11 1814 a~ 40 cents per day,

~~~~~~Separate paper: KNOlfl ALL l1IEN BY THESE PRESE1'1TS TD"~~~~~~

~~~~~~TP:.AT I .,.. Jf1CI( WALKER OF THE C:r3EROK.EE NATION AND THE STATE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF TENNESSEE DO COI\JSTITUTE r!tl\KE AtTD APPOINT JOHN V/ALI{ER~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF TBE SAID NATION Al'ID STATE AFOJ?ESAID :MY TRUE AND L\ V/Ft1L~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTORNEY FOR ME AND I1i }JlY I\JAr'lra TO l1SK DEMAND AND RECEIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM THE l?ERSON WHO lf MAY BE A.?rOINTED PAYMASTER TO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEES SUCH SUM OR SID✓.rS OF 1v10NEY AS IS DUE ME FOR MY~~~~~~

~~~~~~SER.JICE FROM>THE U S FOR A TOUR OF DUTY PERFOR1V1ED ON t\~~~~~~

CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HOSTILE CREEK INDIANS UNDER CAPT JOH~J McINTOSH commencing 181- and anding on the---- 181- as will appear by the annexed discharge. I also empower my said attorney to sign all receipts necessary for the receiving of my money, and to act and to do, all things in and about the premises in as full a manner as I could do, wero I personally present--- In ,_vi t ··ess whore of I have hereunto set my hand and seal at HIGIB:iASSEE THIS 15 Aug 1814 SIGNED JACK X WALIIBR (hts ms~k) \11itness Gideon :Morgan P~GE 177 QUOTATIONS FR01vl FR01lTIER TO PLAI-JTATION I:t~· TENNESSEE BY THO!w'IAS PERKI?JS ABffi.NErHY printed 1932 by University 0£ North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

"page 94 arrl 12 NANCY WARD AND BErSY WARD mentioned also GENERAL JOSEFH MARTIN 6,15,21,54,24-25, 64-65-66 70,71,73,74,80,86, 93,115,116-117,116. Page 6 General Joseph Martin is mentioned as follows: "In 1769 an attempt had been made to establish a settlemen.t to the west of communities in Powell's Valley near Cumberla~d

~~~~~~Ga~, (Tennessee) • A large group of Virginia speculators,~~~~~~

~~~~~~known as the Loyal Lend Company, had secured extensive grants in that neighborhefod long before the country was open to~~~~~~

~~~~~~settlement. Joseph Martin, a picturesque frontier character ~ from Albemarle /county Virginia, was promised a large concess~~~~~~

~~~~~~ion by this company on condition that he establish a~~~~~~

~~~~~~settlement upon the lard • He led a band of five or six men~~~~~~

~~~~~~to Powell's ¥alley, but on the day following his arrival a~~~~~~

~~~~~~group of Indians cam along and tried to take his rif'la.~~~~~~

~~~~~~A quarrel ensued, and the settlers, fearing retaliation~~~~~~

~~~~~~from the savages, returned home.~~~~~~

~~~~~~By 1771 several settlements ware established: one north~~~~~~

~~~~~~of Holston with a nucleus at tmLong Island; another south~~~~~~

~~~~~~of Holston at Sycamore Shoals on th0 Watauga; and a third in~~~~~~

~~~~~~Carter's Valley near the spot \vl~ore ROGERSVILLE NOW STANDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~During the same year one JB.cob Brown proceeded southward from Watauga and purchased a tract upon the Nolachucky River~~~~~~

~~~~~~Hero a fourth community was established. Brown claimed to~~~~~~

~~~~~~believe that even this land was within tre boundaries of Va.~~~~~~

~~~~~~-----~Jo.ff PAGE 12 On the outbreak of the Revolution, the~~~~~~

~~~~~~Cb0~okee took the British side and planned an atteck upon~~~~~~

~.-1-.6 ox.po sod Watauga and LONG ISLA~1) settlements. Traders PAGE t78 9'U_Q'r!S_F!!,O! FRONTIER G TO PLANTATIO!I IN TEI'l1'I by Abernethy who had been living with the Indians escaped and notified the wt11tes of the impending danger. Tradition has it that Nancy

~~~~~~Ward., a Cherokee woman, al so warned the settlers. Tho Indians seeing that their plans were revealed, delayed the attack s5.x~~~~~~

~~~~~~weeks, ard the respite gave the settlers time to prepare somewhat for defense. The most exposed post were abandoned and the defenders concentrated at the/ LONG ISLAND an~~~~~~~

~~~~~~Sycamore Shoals. At the latter potnt the Watauga peoplo built a fort and coll ectod their forces numbering about 75~~~~~~

~~men and boys, poorly armed. John Carter having gone east-:-::8r·d. with the petition for governmental recognition, James Robertson took command of the garrison with John Sevier as his Lieute~~~

ant. They heroically withstood a siege of six weeks • ., At the Long Island t 110 Virginia authorities planned to concentrate an army or 2000 under Col Wm Christian. Wm Cooke, one of the early sottlers in this neighborhood, claimed to own the Island itself' and seems to have taken the load in establishing headquarters at tm.tplace and building a fort

~~~~~~which was known as EATON'S STATION. Such a station consis~ed of several log cabins or, better still, blockhouses,~~~~~~

~~~~~~built in a rectangle and connected by stockades. The block houso diffored from the {)rdinary log cabin in that it had two stories, the second projecting beyond the lower in order~~~~~~

~~~~~~that missiles might be drop~ed upon Indians who should try to reach the foundations and set :fire to the structure.~~~~~~

~~~~~~:Coth lower arrl upper stories were provided with lol)pJholes.~~~~~~

~~~~~~:1ettlemonts made before this tioo had not been concentra within such forts, but after outbreak or the Revobution PAGE 179~~~~~~

QUOTES FROM FRONTIER TO PLA:t\1TATIO?I IN TENNESSEE BY AR~RNATHH ...... ------..- and for some years folJ..owing its close, tb.e farthest f'r~ntier could usually be inhabited only i.i1hen such forts were a·7£.ila:"J~.e for protection. These fortified settlements were refcrre:1 to as"stations." , . - •jff ,17 i (-1 Before Christian could arrive at Eaton's Station and V'#/ - -,- -- .._.

~~~~~~400 militiamen were concentrated there under Cocke, the~~~~~~

~~~~~~Indians were reported to be approaching. Cocke insisted t. hat~~~~~~

~~~~~~a sortie should bo made and lod his rnon out to meet the~~~~~~

~~~~~~enemy. Having mRrched a mile or two, they came upon tt..r.~~~~~~

~~~~savages, who delivered themselves or their famous war-7irb.o·.,n ~jlost of' tho whites were so unaccustomed to Indian f'ight:i ng that this vocal method of attack was entirely unknown to~~~~

~~~~~~them. So impressed \Vere they with its blchod -curdling~~~~~~

~~~~~~ferocity that they broke and ran, led by their swift command~~~~~~

~~~~~~er, Cocke, reached the fort in saf' et y but soroowhat out of"~~~~~~

~~~~~~breath. Ho announced that his men had been defeated. His~~~~~~

~~~~~~announcement proved to be someutl=lt premature, however, for there were several militia ca.pts,ins in too force who know~~~~~~

~~~~~~something of frontier warfare, and after a time t hoy were~~~~~~

~~~~~~able to rally their men and make a stand. The result was that~~~~~~

~~~~~~the Indians ware repulsed, leaving 14 o:f tJ:1eir number slain~~~~~~

~~~~~~unmn the fiold of Long Island Flats. Trie frontiersmen suffored no loss-- excent that of tho :rlect-footod Cocke.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Christian arrived with his reinforcements after the Joseph Martin was serving as a captain kin his HA rm.rched with his two thousand men into the~~~~~~

.-><·t':ln Country, and the natives fled before him. He burned ·, ~:.,., deserted villages am destroyed thoir sup)lies. " 180 PAGE 9'U..QTj;S_Fg0~ FR011TIER TO PLANTATION IN TENN BY ABERNEI'HY While ha was thus engaged., the Indiana sent a messenger aslring

~~~~~~for peace. They were told to send commissioners to tho Long Islarrl to arrange terms. At the same time that Chr.iG:t:tn.n~~~~~~

~~~~~~and his Virginians v1are harrying the Indians, North Car oli1:.a sent Gri.ffth Ruthrford with a similar force on a like missio.fJ..~~~~~~

~~~~~~The result was t h..a t a treaty with the Cherokees was concltlded~~~~~~

~~~~~~the next year at the Long Island, with Waightstill Aver.y~~~~~~

~~~~~~acting as one of the Commissioners fnr North Carolina, r-.. :r_c..~~~~~~

~~~~~~Isaac Shelby, who had joined his father in his wilderness~~~~~~

home, commissioner f'or Virginia. According to this pact tb.e Indians ceded their lands as far south as Brown's line- that is, as far as the Vlatauga settlements extended. Thus in 1777 this frontier outpost rcceive-1 for the first time a county government and a title to the soil.

~~~~~~~ All this applied only to settlements south of~~~~~~

~~~~~~Holston River. Those north of the Holston were still~~~~~~

~~~~~~governed as an integral part of' Va. Finally in 1779 plans w were made for extending the line which marked the Va-NC boundary. Richard Hr:1nders0n was appointed on the pm.rt of~~~~~~

~~~~~~the part of the latter state, and Thomas Walker and Daniel~~~~~~

~~~~~~Smith fer the former. Though the commissioners presently~~~~~~

~~~~~~disagreed as to the ;?roper locatii-.. n of the line, they~~~~~~

~~~~~~proceeded amicably so far as to show that all the Holston~~~~~~

~~~~~~settlements, those north as well as those south of the~~~~~~

~~~~~~:,-ii i_rer, ley- within North Carolina, This fact had been realized it was thus demonstrated • For instance in 1778~~~~~~

~~~~~~..-~ -~.J iam Cocke and Anthony Bledsoe wero olocted f'rom t l~o~~~~~~

~~~~~~.. _, ..... ~: Islarrl settlements to represent vVashington County in f 81 PAGE AhlERICAN ARCHIVES FOURTH SERIES VOL'U1:~E I (1774 to 1776)~~~~~~

~~~~~~Page 9'14 Charle at own, South Carolina, Nov 11 1774~~~~~~

The Honourable JOHN STUART, SUPERINTEUDENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, having, in consequence of an application from hi~ Excellency the Earl of Dunmore, directed his Deputy, Mr. Cameron, to go to the Over-hill Cherokee towns, and to make

~~~~~~requisite of' satisfaction for the murder of I~Ir. Russell ar:rl~~~~~~

~~~~~~•. his party, on the Frontiers of Virginia, :Mr. Cameron pr,),30e-d-~~~~~~

ed accordingly to Chote, where he arrived the beginning ~f September last, and after repeated consultations with the Chiefs, and much opposition from the young people, succaede:::1. in having the Chief principally concerned in the sa&d murder

named NOTTAWAGUI, put to death. The persons at first appointed to execute the sentence, wounded the Indian in .. several places, and though that they had killed him; but he was recovering, and almost out of danger from his wounds, wa when Mr. Cameron renewed his requisition, and, with much difficulty and danger to himself, prevailed upon the principal Chiefs to go themselves and finsih him, which t~ey executed with much resolution, maugre all the threats and opposition of his numerous relations and followers; arrl upon the• occasion made several~ spirited harangues to the people, warning them not to~ follow the example of the deceased, lest they should meet the same fate, and reprimanding them in she.rp

~~~~~~terias for their bad behaviour upon that and other occasions, ~Llch brought the young people to make their submission to Chiefs, and, as a taken thereof, they presented~~~~~~

~~~~~~\ ~-- ·,· 1-~~.,~1 19trings of white beads. Another Chief concerned in~~~~~~

~~~~~~" -.· _·,.i•r,l in several murders, was also condiemned, but found~~~~~~

-,- --•··1..1a to make his escape to the CHICKASAWS; he 1s, howuver 182 ------AMERICAN ARCHIVES FOLTflT H SERIES VOLUI\'.IE · I (1774-76) moans to make his escape to the Chickasaws; he is, however proscribed, and will certainly suffer when and whereavor found found by his countrymen. These two were the only Cherokee concerned in the said murder; the rest ware Sha.wa.nase. The talks from tho Cherokees to the Superintendent, are express ive of tho most pacifick disposition, and earnest desire t0 bo esteemed friends. On Tuesday last~ Mr. Stuart arr~ved here from Georgi~. having, with his excellency Sir John Wright, Baronet, Govornour of the said Province, finally settled all disputes, and concluded a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the CREEK INDIANS. PAGE 183 QUOTATIONS FROM VOLUi\lIE XVII DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY REGARDING JORN STUART page 172 (c 1700 - March 25, 1779), superintendent of Indian Affairs for the soutr.srn district, was a native of. S.ccrtland who emig!'a ted to America about 1'748. He is said to have campaigned v.rj_th his brother Francis against the Spaniards in Florida. In 175" he we.a commissioned captain in the South Carolina provincials by Gov. William Henry Lyttleton (q.v.). He married Miss

~~~~Fenwick, of a prominent Carolinian family, and in l759·a s0n was born who was to win .fame in the Peninsuls:r- Waz., am becom•3 Lieut- General~-, Sir John Stuart •. -After the capture of~~~~

~~~~~~FOltT t·otJD{')N by 'the Cherokee under~~~~~~

. . OCONOSTOTA (q.v.), Stuart was spirited away by ATTAKULLACULLA (LITTLE CARPE~~ER) whom he sent back to promote peace. In 1762 he was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs tor the southern district,

with a salary of Ll,000 and L3,000 for Indian presents an:i ~ other expenses. In 1772 he built a beautiful house in Charlestown, now Charleston, which is still (1935) standing, and he acquired a plantation

~~~~~~on LADY'S ISLAND. At first he was without definite~~~~~~

powers and a sbatf, and he was subservient to the governors, who had largely he.ailed Indian at.fairs themselves. Following the proclamation of 1763, he became rosponsible to the r-0c~etarios of state in England, though still cooperating

~~~~~~·j.. j -~.;::1 tha governors and commander-in-chiet'. During the summer autumn of 1764 he was 1n the Flo~idaij, and in October he~~~~~~

~~~~~~... '~' .. ' . .:_.. ~ Included in East Florida0t s Council by Gov James Grant, In~~~~~~

~~~~~~. ·· -.. _) he utilized the ''Plan for the· Future }4anagement of Indian~~~~~~

. . . . . ·"'·'· ""'s.J. J " emanating from the Lords of Trade, to obtain full PAGE 184 QUOTES FR01i VOL xvrn DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY: imperial status for bis department. In November 1765 ha and Governor Grant met the Creeks at FORT PICOLATA, East Florida: where peace was assurod and boundarios were defined. In DocGm~or

~~~~Stuart was informed by Lord Shelburne that ha had adopted the new plan too quickly in West Florida, and that his expenses w:::;~0 running above all expectation and proportion (The New Regime,~~~~

1916, ed. by c. W. Alvord arrl C.E.Carter, p 451). In order tJ strengthen his authority Stuart suggested to Lord Hillsborough his ap-~,ointment on the councils of all colonies within his district and April 17?0 mandamuses were received by the governo~s of Virginia am of tho provinces southward naming Stuart "coun cillor extraordinary" to advise them and their boards on Indian affairs. Thus ~the superintendent was able during the noxt five years to extend his influence widely. His predecessor's expendi tures soem not to havo exceeded Ll,500 storling a year, but his had increased steadily on account of numerous congressos and the lavish distribution of Indian presents. In 1768 they had beon

~~~~~~fixed at L4,000. By 1776 they had roached the "imporio.1" figure~~~~~~

~~~~~~of 119,000, and they continued to mount until his death. DuriQJ~~~~~~

~~~~~~the rest o:f the British regime they were kept dov,n to about~~~~~~

~~~~~~L3 .• 900. Early in June 1775 his arrest was ordered by tho assembly ~r fc-".1:;l~ Carolina on the charge of attompting to incite the~~~~~~

.~,"\~·.z-:~r-:::)J. am Charokoo in the British intorast. Fleeing from LADY'S ISLAI\TD arrl to Savannah and thence to st. hUGUSTINE, he romnined until his death a <::8 in the Floridas. His management of the southern.triilos W QUOTATIONS FROM VOL XVIII DICTIONARY OF AMERitAN BIOGRAPHY: PAGE 185 was muct1 hampered by R8volut1onary developments to the northward and was subject to the plans of British commanders operat~n~ in the south. Early in 1?'76 his wife and her daughter were :'Ar~·c'!:'ic ted to their Charlestown home and allowed LlOO a month in currency from his estate which had been sequested. Stuart managed to escape. To carry into effect Sir Willian

Howe's directions a bout the management of the Indians, Stur:_1:.t removed to PENSACOLA in July 1776. In February 1?78 he ser::.+: two of his deputies to prepare the Cherokee and Seminole f0rJ action when summoned. He also organized three companies of refugees, one of whtch he dispatched to stop the rum traffic at Mobi]e. In March he posted two partios of whites.. and Indians on the Mississippi in compliance with Lord George.... Germain's ., warning of a possible invasi~n by that route. Nevertheless,

James Vtilling' s expedition surprised Natchez on March 20 and compelled its neutrality. Anothor mischance, despite instruc tions, was the failure of' the Indians to cooperate on the frontiers with Col Archibald Campbell's expedition to Georgia in the winter of 1778. vVhile under the sevora censure of the British government for these reasons und. the prodigious increase of his expenses, STUART DIED AT PEl~SAC0LA.

~~~~~~REFERENCES ARE CITED AS FOLLOWS:~~~~~~

(W. H. Siebert, "LOYALISTS IN EAST FLORIDA" PUBS. FLA o STATE HISTORICAL SOCIEIT'Y NO 9 (2 vols. 1929) with citations esp. to Public R cord office, London; Helen L.Shaw, ~RfS± BRITISH ADivIINISTRATIO~T OF THE SOUTHER:•J IND.tANS 1756-1783. printed 1931. PJITLIP 1i HAr:IER "JOIDJ STU/~RT 'S IlIDIArJ POLICY DlTRING Tr-IE EARLY 1/iONTBS OF THE AN.tERICAl\f REVOLUTIO~T o lYIISSISSIPPI VJiT..:LEY. HISTORICIJ.L RE~JIEW S~xi9x!i December 1930 G. Bo JACKSO~T, of John Stuart, Tenn Historicnl i·.·lagazine S0p 191_'7. Edward l1,'1cCrady, The Hist. of S .C. undc:r the Royal Gove:1nr.1ent 1899, Ga Historical Society Collection Vol I~I 1873

~~~~~~DD-- P:0·._..., 189 Dr:rl 251 • , PAGE f QUOTATIONS FROM VOL XVIII DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN 186 BIOGRAPHY:~~~~~~

The C0 rrespondence of G8 neral Thomas Gage, Volumes I, II (1931-33) ed. by C. E. Carter: "Observations of Supt. John Stuart and Gov James Grant o:f E. Florida, on tr'.e Proposed Plan of 1764 for the F,1ture Management cf Int~l.an Affairs" American Historical Review July 1915, W. Il. !.. 'Iohr. Federal------Indian Relations (1933). W.H.s.--t ******APPLEI'ONS CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGFA?HY VOLUME 1. page 115, regarding ATTA-CULLA-CULLA Indian Chie.f, who lived in the 18th Century. About 1'?'33 he was chosen vice-King under OCONOSTOTA, their archimagus. In 1755:i thre three years after the outbreak of hostilities between the French ar.d. the English, he was party to a treaty that ceded to the English a site for .forts. The tribe, having

~~~~been attacked by white settlers in retaliation tor thefts ,,. ..., committed in the F rt Duquesne expedition., made war upon r. the English, and reduced to ta.mine, and .finally massacred,~~~~

~~~~~~the garrison of Fort Loudon. Captain Stuart was saved by~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTA-CULLA-CULLA and conducted secretly to the British headquarters on the frontier of VIRGINIA •~~~~~~

Through Atta-Culla-Culla's influence C8 ptain Stuart was received by the Cherokees, after peace was restored, as the British agent and superintendent of Indian Affairs at the south. Page r, 187 QUOTATIONS FROM APYLETONS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF AivlERICAN BIOGRAPHY EDITED BY JAlvJES GRA1'11' WILSON AND JOHN FISKE page 352 volume 6.

NANCY WARD, INDIA.N PROH.ErESS, born about 1740 the til'.113 o£ her death is unknown, but estimated, ( see later in this present volumo). Her father was a British officer namd Ward (sea later in this volume) her mother a sister of the reigning vice-king ATTA-Culla-Culla. She was & the sibyl of the Cherokees. The power of OCONOSTOTA over tb9 nation was absolute in time or war, but in war or peace it had generally to give way to the will or Nancy Ward, who was supposed to be the inspired mouth-piece of the Great Spirit. James Robertson, who visited her at the Cherokee capital, ECHCY.l'A, in 1772, describes her as a woman, nqueenly and c omman~ing," and her lodge as furnished in a sstyle of barbaric splendor. Other traditional accounts speak 0£ her as strikingly beautiful, with a tall, erect form, a prominent nose, regular and flexible features, a clear, though tawny, complexion, long, silken black hair, large piercing black eyes, ard an air that was imperious and yet k1nd1y. Sha must have possessed remarkable traits of charac ter to have retained almost autocratic control over the fierce and untamable Cherokees when she was known to sympa thize with their enemies, the white settlrs. The first event recorded of her is the saving the lives of two pioneers --Jeremiah Jack and Wm Rankin- who had ventured down to buy corn of the Indians. They a)l had come into collision with a disorderly party of Cherokees, and their lives were about to be sacraticed, when Nancy Ward appeared among the Indians and commanded them to desist. She was instantly 188 · Page f; QU

Another instance of her kindly spirit was her sa7:tng the life of the wife of William Bean, the first white settler bGyond the Alleghanies. Mrs. Bean had been ca;.;;.;1.1 rs -ured on the eve of the attack on the fort at Watauge, and, being taken to the Indian towns, was condemned tc., ·;1u burned at the stEika. The tagots were all'eady heaped a·:Jou.t her, and Dt'aging Canoe~ the chief of the Chickamaugas, who had• ordered the execution, was standing by, when

NANCY WARD came upon the ground and comm anded her to be libe~ated. This was done, and Mrs. Bean was sent back with a strong escort to her husband. Numerous other instances are related 0£ her releasing cati\tes that were taken by her nation in their many wars, with the white a. Among others was that of a young woman

~~~~~~Who became the ancestress of JOHN M. LEA of Nashville. She is reported to have aaid z "The white roon • are our~~~~~~

... brothers; the same house holds ua, the same sky co1Ml!'s us all"; am she always acted in accordance with this sentiment. But her great service to the white settlers was in giving them constant warnings, through a course of years, ot every intended raid of the Cherokees. The ligh est hostile whisper spoken in the Cherokee councils was repeated by her to Issac Thomas, as Indian Trader, to be by him conveyed to .

In doing this NANCY WARD betrayed her own people, b~t she did so from noble motives and in the interest of humanity, and for this service she is to this day held in grateful remembrance by the descendants of the early settlers. QU

·- QUOTATIONS: VOLUME XIX DICTIONARY OF AME.~ICAN BIOGRAPHY PAGE 433 tion at the hands of tho Indians. She also exercised her right to spare the prisoners captured in the raids and to pardon them even though already condemned and bourd to the stake. Later in the war she again reported early news of Indian attack and sup)lied the AMERICANS with beer cattle f'rom her own large herd. When the Indiar..s were repulsed she sought to intercede for her people but, although she seems to have been kindly treated, lier mission was unsuccessrul. ~r part in the unsettled years a.ttar the Revolution

~~~~~~is obscure, and, although her name was mentioned by NUTTALL ~(post, page 130) as late as 1819, it is not clear that she was still living at that time.~~~~~~

~~~~~~REFERENCES:~~~~~~

~~~~~~(JAMES MOONEY, "Myths of the Cherokeen, 19th Annual~~~~~~

~~~~~~Report of the Burea,u of Ameriean Ethnology Part 1. 1900); CALENDAR OF VIRGINIA STATE PAPERS VOLUME 1,1875 "Southern Frontier Life in Revolutionary Days "in~~~~~~

~~~~~~Southern _ · . HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS VOLUME~~~~~~

NO. 4~ 1900, pages 457-58; THOMAS NUTTALL, A Journey of Travels into the A.RKANS~S TERRITORY 1819 (1821) JG M Ramsey The Annals of Tennessee 1855, reprint with index 1926. KEC ------em--- QUOTES FROM NORTH GEORGIA TRI 8\ME? CANTON. GEORGIA "ARTICLEn "EVEN1S IN HISTORY "BALL GROUND WAS A BATTLEGROUND -----BY MARION THOMPa)N. THE TOWN OF BALL GROUND WAS NAMED, ACCORDING TO 1-.E'.(:ENO, FOR A BtG

~~~~~~BALL ~AME THAT WAS PLAYED TO DETERMINE OWNERSHIP OF A LARGE SECTION OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~NoRTN G£0RCIA• TNIS STORY WAS TOLO TO THE EARLY WHITE Slf'ft..ERS OF THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SECTION av THE CHEROKI£ INOIANS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT IEEUS 8 NOWEVER, THAT TNE LEGENDARY BALL GAME WAS N~VER PLAYED,~~~~~~

~~~~~~oa AT LEAST NOT IN THE SCNSE -~ THINK OF IT TODAY • INSTEAD OF A GAME OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~BALL, ONE OF TME QREATEST BATTLES EVER FOUQHT BETWEEN TWO SOU1MEASTERN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CONP'USION IN lHE LEGEND CAN OE ACCOUNTED l'OR BY 1HE F'ACT THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CNERoK•ts, GIVEN TO rtGURITIVE SPEECH, usco THE SAME PMRASE TO DENOTE A~~~~~~

~~~~~~BALL GAME AND A &AffL.a •• THtS MIGHT SEDA CONFUSINQ 1 BUT, THE LANGUAGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONTAINS MANV SUCH WORDS AND PHRASES, So 1'41S WAS, AN UNUSUAL TWIST TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHEROKEE L..ANGUAGE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE IS SOME POSt 11 YI: I NP'ORMATI ON TO SUPPORT, nl IS SUSPICION,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALTHOUGH VERY LITT\..£ IS KNOWN 0~ THE GREAT SATTLE FOU~HT ABOUT 1755~~~~~~

~~~~~~BETWEEN THE CHEROKEES ANO CREEKS ON LONG SWAMP CREEK NEAR I TS JUNCTION~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THC ETOWAH RIVER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES MooN£Y THE RENOWNED ETHoLot.tST, ;oR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~lNTERVIE'IIED IN 1\4£ LATE t880ts JAMES Wo,FoRD, A GEORGIA BO~N CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THtN LIVING IN OKLAHOMA. Wo,FORD HAD BEEN TOLD OF TH~ BATTLE IN 1815~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY 8RtAN WARD• AN E'N'-1..ISH TRADER, WHO HAO WITNESSED lltE BLOvOY BATTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AccoRDI NQ TO 'NARD THIS WAS PROBABLY THE MOST KILLIN~ BATTLE EVER~~~~~~

~~~~~~,ouGHT BETWEEN TWO TRIBES. AROUND 500 CHEROKEE BRAVES TOOK PART AND ABOUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TWI Cit TH AT MAN¥ CRll!K WARRIORS W£Rt PRESENT. QUOTES FROM NORlli GEORGIA TRIBUNE? CANTON GEORGIA PAGE 192 ARTICLE BY MARION THOMPSON "BALL GROUND VIAS A BATTLEGROUND."~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOONEY CoNTINUED WARD'S ACCOUNT, AS GIVEN BY WoFFORO, SAYS THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE WON ONLY AFTER FALLING BACK AFTER THEIR FIRST SKIRMISH TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGROUP. THEN THEY CALLEO THEIR FORCES ANO RETURNED, DRIVING TH£ CREEKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM nt EI R HI DI NC. PLACES AND ULTIMATELY FORCII NC. THEM TO RETREAT IN FU LL~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE VICTORY WAS A DEC I SI Vt ONE ANO SOON AFTER THE CREEKS ABANDONED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ENTIRE UPPER PART OF GEORQIA AND PART OF ALABAMA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS MORE OR LESS CLIMAXED A LONG AND COSTLY STRUQ~LE THAT 8EGAN IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1115 • IT WAS IN THIS YEAR THAT THE CHEROKEES HAD PUSHED INTO NORTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~GEORC. I A. AT THAT Tl ME MOSTLY CREEK TERRI TORY, BEFORE 1l4 f S, THE CHEROKEE~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE LOCATED ON THE LITTLE T£NNESS£E AND SAVANNAH RIVERS, TAKING IN SMALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~PORTIONS OF NORTH GEORGIA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE VEAR 1715 THE CREEKS JOINED WITH THE YAMASSEE IN THE YAMASSEE ., WAR AGAINST THE EN~LISH COLONY OF SOUTH CAROLINA• IT WAS A CRUDE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRUTAL CON~LICT WITH SOUTH CAROLINA ALMOST BEINC WIPED O~F THE MAP•~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT THIS WAS THE FIRST ATTEMPT BY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS TS FORM A CONFEDERATION FOR TH£ PURPOSE OF PUSHING~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WWITE MAN OFF THE CONTINENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SouTH CAROLINA, ALMOST LITERALLY GOING DOWN ~OR THE THIRD TIME AT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HANDS OF THE SAVACE YAMASSEES AND CREEKS, SENT AN AGENT IN TO CHEROKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CoUNTV TO PLEAD ,oR THEIR HELP. A,TER VARIOUS POWWOWS ANO PROMISES, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEES AGREED ANO SHORTLY AFTERWARD WENT TO WAR•~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY THIS TIME, HOWEVER, THE YAMASSES AND CREEKS HAD LET UP BUT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEES WERE DETERMINED TO CARRY OUT THEIR END OF THE BARGAIN WHETHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WAR HAD STOPPED CR NOT. AFTER ALL THEY SAID WE MUST CAPTURE SLAVES~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO TRADE FOR CLOTlilN~ AND AM UNITION. THIS IS YOUR WIGWAM-LIVING, BOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~-AND-ARROW-SHOOTING INDIANS!!l ·~\JC.TES Fi?O· f-JC~T! ➔ ~FOit~IA T,·duUNE: ;;\(\;T( i\ GA ARTICLE BV ;\,1ARION TiiOMPSON~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS Mt-.RK£0 THE BEGINi-~ING OF ALMOST CONTINUOUS FIGHTING FOR AROUND~~~~~~

~~~~~~30 TO 40 YEARS, WITH TH£ BATTLE OF TALI WA (BALL GROUND) AS A c LI MAX.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING FIGURES OF THE PERICO WAS THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAGEY LEADER OF THE CHEROKEES. OCQNQSTOTA. ONE MIGHT CALL HIM THE RED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAN 'S OAV V C ROCKETT, FOR I T WAS H I S I NO I AN CH I EF WH O H AW C APTU RED foRT LOUDOUN ON THE LtTTLE TENNESSEE CURING THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR•~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS NA:JlE CAN BE FOUNO IN OTHER PLACES IN HISTuRY Too, IT WAS UNDER HI s~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABLE DIRECTION THAT THE CHEROKEES BEAT THE CREEKS AT THE BATTLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TALI VJA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN A BALL GAM£-- BUT THE UMPIRES STAVED HOME. - - - INDEX TO SNBJMS VA MAGAZINES SHO\VS THE FOLLOWING CONCERNING ATTACULLACULLA: OCONOSTOTA AND NANCY WARD:~~~~~~

VOLUME 5 R PAGE: 76 VOL 9 VIRGINIA MACAZINE OF HISTORY ANO 8IOGR~PHY, PAGE 361 ANO 364- 360 13 PAVE 245~ 418 -259-262 16 PAGES 134, 135 ANO 141 -140 26 PAGE 312 17 PAGE 62 27 PAGE 313 7 PAGE 5 VOL I, WM & MARY QUARTERLY MAGAZINE, '&i ICH IS NOT NOW IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SEARCH RooM, BUT I WAS ADVISED BY THE ATTENDANT TH AT I T MI GH T BE I N THE 11 BR I TTL E O I V I SI ON ON AC CO U NT OF I T BEING SOe OLD AND WORN", BUT I HAVE NOT VET VISITED THAT SECTION. 2 WM & MARY, P~GES 83 OF 2ND SERIES BoL I WM & MARY (1ST SERIES) PAGES 272,287,290,30~ 305, 283,285, 286,297, 380,430,446,602. 2. WM & MARV (2NO SERIES) PAGE 83 VOL 2 i VA CALANDER OF V~ STATE PAPERS P~GE 679 VOL 3 VA C ALANDER OF VA STATE PAPERS PAGE 234 4 PAGE 54 ANO 176 BETTY WARD DAUGHTER CF NANCY WARD ANO WI FE OF

~~~~~~_GENERAL _, - _,_ JOSEPH ,..._,_..-i MARTIN -~~-- .--~ - --. .... ----- ,_..,_, ----~~~~~~

THE FOLLOWING UNITED STATES CENSUS IS GI VS\J TO SHO'N PERSONS NAMED tN THE CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENr~ESSEE BY NAMES CONNS:TED \f/lTH THE NAtCY WARD RECORD, I DO NOT STATE THAT THE (j£I IY Mt,RTIN FOUND THEREIN IS T!-E SAME GIRL WHO WAS THE WI FE CF GENEkAL JOSEPH MARTI N BUT HFR AGE DOES TALLY UP TO BE THE RIGHT AGE TO BE RECORDS OF Hffi. AI\D T()O I SEARCHED MANY OF THE COUNTIES WHERE SHE IS SAID TO HAVE LIVED AND I DID N0T F~ND HER LISTED, ANO SIN:E GENERAL MARTIN'S STATION WAS IN L:.::E COUNTY VA WHICH ADJOINS CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENNESSEE, AND IS NEAR HISTOR!C ClJ/iBERLAND GAP, IT JUST MIGHT BE PROBABLE THAT IT IS HER RECORDS: AS FOL!..OWS: CLAIBORNE CO TEhlN 1830 CENSUS; BETTY MARTIN 3 FEMALES AGES 10-15, I FEMALE AGE 40-50, AND (PAGE 48) I FEMALE AGE 80-90 ------.-. .... ~ - ...... - ,_, - PAGE 4 WILLIAM WARD, I MALE 5-10•, I OF 15-20, I OF 50-60 I FEMALE 20-30, ANO I OF 40-50 PAGE 8 JESSE WARD I MALE I 0-15, t OF 50-60, I FEM ALE 4-10, 2 15-20 I OF 40-50 ---PAGE 16 FRANKLIN PARKS I MALE 20-30 AND I FEMALE 30-40 ---ROBERT G PARKS I MALE S..10, I OF 15-20, I OF~ 50-60

&l FEMALE UNO ER 5, 2 OF' I 0-I 5 1 I ~ 40-50 --- PAGE 22, JOEL MARTIN I MALE UND-R 5, 2 OF 10-15, I OF 40-50 I FEMALE 10-t5, I OF 40-50 CATHARINE LOWRY PAGE 22, I MALE 20-30~ 3 FE1JIALES 15-20, 1 50-60 ---JuHN OVERTON 2 MALES 5-10, I 10-15, I OF 30-40 2 FEMALES UN9ER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 15-20, I 30-40 JAMES OVERTON I MALE UNDER 5, 2 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 30-40 I FEMALE 10-t5, I OF 30-40 PAGE 32 JOSEPH WALKER 3 MALES 5-10 I OF 10-15, I OF 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF I 0-1 5, I OF 30-40 JONATHAN TUSSEY, I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 10-15, I OF 15-a>, I OF 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-10, 2 10-15, I 15-20 I OF 30-40 NEXT DOOR WAS JONATHAN WALKER I MALE 5-t 0, I 20-30, I FEMALE UNDER 5, I I 5-20 NEXT DOOR: SAMUEL 'J/ALKE R 2 MALES UNDER 5, ·1 29-30, 2 f'EMALES 5-10 I 10-15, I FEMALE 30-40 EDWARD WALKER JR I MALE UNDER 5, I 5-10, I 10-15, I OF 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, 2 OF 5-10, I 15-20, I OF 30-40 EDWARD WALKER SR. I MALE 20-30, I 70-80; I FEMALE 10-15, 2 15-20 ANO I OF 50-60 SAME PAGE 32 DARIUS GRUBB I MALE UNDER 5, 2 10-15, I OF 40-50, 2 FE~,ALES I 0-15, I OF 20-J:> PAGE 42 JOHN GRUBB I MALE UNDER 5, 2 5-10, I OF t0-15, I 59-60 I FEMALE 10-15 I OF 15-20, I OF 40-50 WM GRUBB 2 MALES UNDER 5, I OF 20-30, I FEMALE U~DER 5, I OF 20-30 PAGE 48 LEVI PARKS I MALE UNDER 5, t OF 10-15, I OF 20-3~ t FEMALE 20-30 ANO I UNDER 5 THOMAS D. MARTIN I MALE: 50-60, I FEMALE UNO ER 5, I 0F 30-40 PAGE 58 HENRY LOWRY I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 20-30 I FEMALE 20-3) PAGE 68 BASIL FISHER, I UNDER 5, 2 5-10, I 60-70 AN D OTH ER S I N TH I S F AM I L V NAME PAG~ 70 JAMES WALKER I MALE UNDER 5• I 5-10, I 15-20, I 40-50 I FEMALE 5-10, I 10-15, 2 15-20 I 20-3C, I 40-50 PAGE: 82 NANCY WALKER I MALE 10-15, I t5-20, I FEMALE 15-20, I QF A-50-60 P.\Gf.: 82 WILSON MARTIN 30-40 AND FAMILY t FEMALE 60-70, AND OTHERS P,\G~ 82 SARAH MARTIN I FEMALE X-40, AND OTHERS U S CENSUS OF CLAIBORNE CO TENN

~1830 ...... ______._.. ___ EZEKIEL DAUGHERTY 2 MALES 20-3:J AND I 30-40, ~NO I 0:- 50-60 NO FEMALES LISTED. ---JAMES 00UGHERTY I MALE 30-40, AND I FEMALE 15-20 PAGE 92 \"IM TAYLOR I MALE 5-10, 2 OF 10-15, I OF t5--2C, :? 0;- 20-•3:J ANO I 40-50. I FEMALE 15-20, AND I OF 4G-5~ PAGE 94- THOMAS TAYLOR I MALE I 5-20, I 20-3:), I OF 50-60 : c:-:::~'r"P-.:-.~ SG-6O PAGE 96 GR I FF IN TAYLOR I MAL£ UNO ER 5, I OF 20-30, A ND , l!'i:'.i~i: ~ t..F. i:.Cy, :~:

1840 U S CENSUS OF CLAI 80RNE COUNTY TENMLS'~E:! ...... _. _. -- ...... -. ~ ...... - ... -- -- -... - -- -- ...... ,.,...... ·-- ..... PAGE 203 BARTLEY WARD, 2 MALES &5-20, I 40-50 AND I FErl.'-L~ irJ--15, ,\f~D I t5-a) AND I 40-50 -- PAGE 209 ELIZABETH HEWS I MALE UNDER 5, t ~£MALE UNDER 5 I 5-10, I 10-15 AND I 20-30 (SOME HISTORIANS SAID BETTY MARTIN L,AT£R MARRIED A HUGHS AND THERE We:~E HUGHS NAMES IN COURT MINUTES OF "n41S COUNTY 1802 ANO i803 PAGE 18 POLLY PARKS I MALE 15-20, I FEMALE 10-15 ANO I 20•30 AND I ,£MALE 50-60 JACOB PARKS I MAL£ UNDER 5, I OF 20-30 AND 3 ~EMALES UNDER 5,r. OF 20-30 •--~ESS~ WARD, I MALE 60-70, I FEMALE 15-20, I 50-60 PAGE 19 LUKE PARKER NOT PARKS PAGE 20 HENRY WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, t OF 5-10, I OF 30-40 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 30-40 JONATHAN WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-40 2 FEMALES UNDER 5 1 I OF 5-tO, I OF 10-15, I OF 20-30 .. ANO t OF 60-70 (THE LA ST NAMED FEMIL E WAS HIS MOTHER AND MV GREAT ~RAND MOTH ER MARIA JANE HORN WALKER PAGE 22 LEVI PARKS I MJLE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I OF 10-15 I OF 30-40 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, i OF 5-10, I OF 10-15, I OF 15-20 I 30-40 PAGE 24 JOHN PARKS OR PARKES 2 MALES UNDER 5, I OF 15-20, I OF 40-50 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, 2 5-10, 2 10•15, 2 15-20 I 30-40 PAGE 34 SAMUEL WALKER I MAL£ UNOF.R 5, I OF 5-10, 2 10-15, I OF 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5• I OF 15-20, I 20-30 1 4v-50 PAGE 34 PATISON MARTIN 3 MALES UNOER 5, I 5-10, I OF 30-40 2 FEMALES 5-10, I 20-30 PACE 236 DAVID HUGHS I MALE UNDER 5, I 40-50;_ 2 FEMALES UNDER 5, I OF 4-10, 2 OF I 0-15, I OF 30-40 PAGE 37 THOMAS MARTIN I MALE 20-30, I FEMALE UNDER 5, I OF 30-40 HENRY WALKER I MALE 20-30 I FEMALE 15-20 EDWARD WALLER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-10, I 10-r5, I 15-20 l 40-50 I FEMALE 5-10• I I 0-15, I I 5-20 I 40-:() PAGE 38 NANCY MARTIN I MALE 10•15, I FEMALE 15-20, I 40-50 PAGE 38 JACO 8 Tu SSEY 3 MALES UNDER 5, I 20-30, I FEMALE 20-30, I 60-70 " JOSEPH WAL KER I MALE 5-1 0, 2 I 5-20, 2 20-3J, I 50-60 2 FEMALES 10-15, I OF 50-60 11 JOHN WALKER I MALE UNDER 5, I OF 5-t 0, 2 I 0-15, t ,_;F 30-40 I FEMALE UNDER 5, t OF 5-10, I 10-15 I 30-40 PAGE 41 JOHN OVERTON I MALE 5-10, 2 OF 16-20, 2 OF 2U-30 I 40-50 I ~EMAL£ UNDER 5, f OF 5-10, 2 OF t0-15t 3 20-30 I OF 30-40 AND I 40-50 PAGE 42 JOHNATHAN TUSSEY, I MALE UNDER 5, I I 0-15, I OF 40-5G 2 FEMALES 5-fu, I OF 10-15, 2 15-20, I 40-~0 PAGE 42 ANSON G MARTIN I MALE UND~R 5, 2 5-tO, I 30-40

2 FEMALES UNDt""R 5, I 4-10 1 I 20-30 I OF 50-60 PAGE 43 THOMAS MARTIN I MALE ii~XX 6G-70 I FEMALE UNDER 5, 1-5-10/ ,_,,__, ______U S CENSUS____ OF ___186J CF CLAIBORNE COUNTY TEN;•.ESSEE PAGE 196 FIRST SUB-DIVISION OF CLAIBORNE Co TENN AGE SAMUEL PARKS /19 I~ HOUE OF REUBEN PARRETT BORN TENhi PAGE 250 HOUSE NO 26-FAMILV NG 26 ---PAGE 252 JAMES C TAYLOR HOUSE 59-59 - AGE 46 SORN IN VA• DEBOR A TAYLOR 49 BORN TENN• WM H I 4 OORN TEN i-.J - A LEXA ND EK IO TENN GEvRGE VI. 1 soRN TENN. ------PAGE 252 JOHN V/. TAYLOR 22 BJRN VA, Sus~N 22 BORN KY:: JAMES M 3, BORN TENN, SARAH ANN I BORN TENrJ ---PAGE 257. HOUSE 120 120, NANCY TAYLOR, AGE 5~ BORN TENNESSEE GEORGE 16, WM t3, MARTHA I l, ELLIS 9 AL BORN TENNESSEE. --- PAGE 270 SUSAN MARTIN 32 DORN VIRGINIA NEWTON 8 BORN TENN - WM AGE 2 BORN VA, --- PAGE 288 WM PARKS BORN IN VA AGE 57 HOUSE No 508 ELIZABETH 48 DORN VA, QRPHV R 15, MARV F 13, NANCV E 10, VALZURY 8 5 5 FEMALES t BORN VA --- PAGE 290 HOUSE 53'! 537 TAZEWELL POST OFFICE JAMES fl TAYLOR 52 BORN TENN SARAH 33 MARGARET 22 NATHANIEL 20 WM 17 EMALINE 16 NANCV 14 JAMES 12 JOHN I~ SAMUEL 7 MARTHA 6, ALL BORN TENN ---- PAGE 291 HOUSE 541 JAMES M. MARTIN 23 DORN TENN- REAL ESTATF. ~40C SARAH E 20 MARY I 3 WILLIAM J. 6/12 BORN TENN /BORN VA /BoRN TEN,. --- PAGE 282 HOUSE 549 POST OFFICE TAZEWELL CCNTINUED WI DOW JF MARY WALKER, AGE 70 BORN VA, REAL EST.TE ~5,000 PERSONALS STERLING WALKER 41 BORN TENN, MARV I 12 60RN TENN ---PAGE 292 HOUSE 556 SAMUEL 'llALKER 40 BORN TEN1-.. ELIZA 30, FRANKLIN 9 TENNESSEE. --- PAGE 293 HOUSE 563 ; ELIZADETH OVERTON 29 BORN TENNESSEE $6000 PERSONALS ~7975 JOSEPH E OVERTON 13, JAMES C 10, M£LfjQURN P 8, MILLARD P 6 BGRN TENN JOSEPH I NE M 4 FEMALE ALL BORN TEr-..N ---NEXT DOOR 564 JAMES OVERTON 66 OORN VIRGINIA, REAL ESTATE $2000 PERSONALS 4>6430 MARY 63 BORN TENN, GEORGE HARRIS 23 BORN VA IN SAME HOME MARY 16, AND PETER RITCHI e: 11 BORN TENi'J IN SAME HOUSE /RITCHIE PAGE 294 HOUSE 582 ELIHU 1!lALKER 26 OORN TENN, 8ARC3RA 22 B TENN MARTHA I 3 BGRN TENN PAGE 298 HOUSE 629 RACHEL QVr-RTuN 39 BORN VIRGINIA Ru Fus I 9 (3 0 RN TENN , RO t3 ER T R I 7 AL GER T D I 5 , MEL 8 0 u RN I 3 , HEN Ly I I JAMES 9,FLJYO T 7, MARYE 3 RACHEL C I ALL BORN TENN EXCE~T FIRST NA~ED. -- PAGE 306 HOUSE 735 ELIZA WARD, 40 OORN TENN SARAH 16 ANN 14, BARTLEY 12 ALL 8JRN TENN. LARKIN HART 29 B TENN IN SAME HOME A LA BORER PAGE 308 HOUSE 768 HENRY TAYLOR 22 BORN TENNESSEE iARLINA 21 RoBERT I H. 2 ALL BORN TENNESSEE ---- PAGE 309 MCDANIEL, JAMES - HOUSE 773 BORN KY NANCY 58 TH OMA S I 28 BORN TEN,., JOHN 21 JAMES I 8 JOEL I 4 BORN TENN BORN NORTH CAROLI NA --- PAGE 312 HOUSE 81 I WILLIAM r\t'lARTI N IN HOME OF P. 0UVALT AGE 23 B TENi-.. -- PAGE 312 HOUSE 822 THOMAS MARTIN 51 BORN TENNESSEE, k MAHALAH 46 BORN TEN~, MARGARET 13 TENN PAGE 312 HOUSE 825 JOHN A. MARTIN 3) BORN TEr,N ELIZABETH 19, TENN MATILDA IL 2, WADE F 12 TENN " PAGE 316, 315 JOHN H MARTIN AGE 25 SORN NORTH CAROLINA, HOUSE 852 SARAH 24, JOHN 6t JAMES M 2 BORN NORTH CAROLINA CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENNESSEE J860 CENSUS PAGE 197 ~ .... ' PAGE----- 315 HOUSE 858 JOEL TAYLOR 33 BORN TENNESSEE. SARAH A 34 BORN TENN, ELIZABETH 13, LOUISA 10 WM F II ALL 60P.N TENN --- PAGE 327 HOUSE 1016 JAMES I. PARKS 46 BORN Te:Nt~, f\;\.\PT:i;; 49 TENN SUSAN 20 NAftC ISSA 18 JAMES 17 WM 16, TEN11JJSSEE AGE I~, MAf"THA 9 ALL BORN TENN PAGE 338 HOUSE 1(68 lSAAC WALKER 36 BORN TENN {I THINK THIS IS MAY WALKER 1 S GRANO PARENTAGE) fLZIRA 36 FEMALE BORN TENN MINERVA I I I B0RN TENN JOSEPH C 8 BORN TENN SAMUEL O L 'IIALKER 6 BORN TENN, I BELIEVE THIS IS HER FATHER) MARY 4 BORN TENN ANO bRrEN M 4/12 ALL BORN TENI\J --PAGE 345 HOUSE 1243 MATTHEW MCOAf41EL 43 BORN VA, M~NERVA 39 BORN TENN. ELIZABETH J 12 ELIZA E 10 LAMB M 8, VJM D 6, JUDI TH L I ,GEORGE C 35 ALL BORN TENN EXCEPT Fl RST NAME PAGE 349 HOUSE 1297 ISAAC WALKER 39 BORN VA, MARY 37 WM 12 RACHEL 10 DANIEL 7 SARAH A 4 ALL BORN VA, THE FOLLOWING WIVES OF MUNCEY MEN MAY BE OUR WALKER PEOLLE PAGE 351 HOUSE 1317 REUBEN MUNCEY 22 BORN VA MARV 22 JAMES 2 NANCY I ALL BORN VA• HOUSE 1318 JOHN MUNCY 29 ALL BJRN VA, NANCY J 8, MARV 6, TAYL~R 5 HENRY 3, SARAH 2, EDWARD 6/12 PAGE 351 JAMES L WALKER 33 TENN, MARV A 32, LUCY J 10 BORN TENN CLEMENTINE 8 EWING 5 MANDY I 3 ALL BORN TENN PAGE 352 HOOSE 1328 JANE WALK£R 63 BORN TENNESSEE ELIZABETH C 40 BORN TENl'i. WM R 22 OORN TEN,-.. HuUSE NEXT OvOR No 1329 JOHN i GRUM 40 BORN TENN LYOISSEE? 28 OR 25 SORN TENN JAMES 8 15 WM L 14 JASPER t2111LLTON II SAMUELE 2 SARAH EI ALL BORN TENN, PAGE 356

1387 JOHN McDANIEL 47 BURN VA, LEVENS 41 GORN VA, ELIZABETH 20 VA JAMES 19, WM 17, MILLY 13 S~RAH 9 LAURA A 5 REBECCA J 4 ALL FAMILY BORN V~. *~ * * * * * * * * * * * THE FOLLOWING ARE THE NAMES Ff()M THE UNITED STATES CENSUS a= 1850 OF CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENf~ESSEE

HOUSE No 540 - 540 MARY MARTIN AGE 50 BORN TENNESSEE LUCINDA 18 BORN TENNESSEE - HOUSE 692- 692 MARTHA TAYLOR 56 SORN NcRTH CAROLINA £ASTER A 18 BORN TENN ALFRED 1 5 TENNESSEE LEROY 23 TENN H JU SE 693 693 JOEL TAYLOR 24 TENN SARAH A 25 TENN EL t 2 A s ETH 2 TENN LOUIZA I TENN WM F 1/12 TENN RXII 535 HOUSE 535 JACOB J PARKS 35 TENN MARTHA 39 TENN Roo ERT G 16 TEN1. NERVESTA 14 TEN;, BAROARY 12 TENN SUSAN I I TENN, NERSISSA 9 TENN JAMES H 8 TEN, ; 'NM 6 TENN TENNESSEE PARKS 4 TENN AND MARY 2 TENN CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENNESSEE 1850 CENSUS PAGE 198 ------,__ ,.... __ -KlSI -536 HOUSE- 536 HUGH P MARTIN 40 TENNESSEE::; RHODA 37 OORN TFN~-,

'illLL H 20 OORN TENN: ELIZABETH 15 TEN~ 1 JAS 0. 13 TENNESSEE DEM AN I 2 TENr4 • Roo ERT 9 TENN; EL I ZAH 8 TENNESSEE ; MATI LOA 6 TENN ZACHARIAH 2 BORN TENN ---HOUSE 551 - 551 SIMPSON PARKS 28 BORN TENNESSEE, A BLACKSMITH LORINA 24 TENN, MARTHA J 4, TENN, LEVI 2/12 GORN TENN

PAGE --- HOUSE 177 FAMILY 177 DAVID HUGHS 55 130RN VA, JANE 45 BORN NORTH CAfiCLINA ELI ZAoETH 24, TEN .. , RACH lL 21 TENN NANG V I 8 TENN, SALLY lo, JASPER 14, SuSANa,AH 12 TENN STE,-•HEN F 10 TENN LOUISANA--- S 8 TENN, NEWTON 2 TENNESSEE. HOUSE 50v - 500 ISAAC W~LKER AGE 26 B0RN TENN, ALSIZY 24 TENN, MANERVV J 2/12 TENN --- HJUSE 507 - 507 JOSEPH WALKER 59 (PLASE OF DIRTH UNKNOWN)

~~~~~~MARV WALKER 59 , PLACE OF GIRTH UNKNOWN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANN WALKER 18 TENN, ELIHU 17 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~STERLING 4 TENN, MARY J 2 BORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~--NEXT DO-JR 508- 508~~~~~~

~~~~~~JACOB WALKER 28 OORN TEN,), LOUIZA 25, TENN, lVIARY M 8/J2 TENI\J.~~~~~~

PAGE --- HOUSE 532 532 SAMUEL WALKER 29 BORN TENN Lou I ZA 24 TENN, CLARISSA PARKS 31 BORN TENN LIVED IN HIS HOME ------Hous E 717 717 HENRY WALKER 32 BORN TENNESSEE, FARMEf<, (HE WAS A METHODIST CIRCUIT RIDER PREACHER) Luc I NOA WALKER 'Z:/ BCRN TENt\l. MAL I SSA 9 TENN

~~~~~~MANfR A 7 TENN DANIEL M 5 TENN ~AMES T 2 TENN, JOSEPH JANEWAY t8 TENN ----- NEXT OOCR WAS HCUSE 290 718 7t8 PAGE 290~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN GRUOG 30, TE'.N-.., CRISSE C Z'/ TENN~ JAMES 8 5 TENN,_ WM L 4 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~JASPER 2 TENN MILTON I TENN. --- NEXT 000R WAS H~USE 719 719 JAMES WALKER 23 TENN, MARY A 21 TENN lucv JI 1/12 TENN, JANE WALKER 50, PLACE GF BIRTH UNKNOWN~~~~~~

__C ARO ,..... L I ___N E_ 35 FRAN K ~- I N ili I 9, S VAN l A I 6 'NM I 2 JOH N 2 I ALL 8 TEN N HOUSE 72- 720 ISAAC WALKER 27 BORN TEN111, MARY 28 TENN WM A I AND RAC H A EL 2 I ' 2 ALL B ORN TEN llf WONRCE COLJt-JT•t' CENS JS OF I J50 TEN, .. ESSEE PAGE 199

~~~~~~H vU SE 564-564 DAVID P WALKER 48 BORN NORTH C ARCLI NA, KEAL ESTATE ~•0,000~~~~~~

~~~~~~J_.,NE 47 OORN TENN, SETH t 3, TEN,~, ~VM F \\/1 LSON I 8 OORN TENr-..~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 565 - HOUSE 565 PH WALKER 28 DORN TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARY ANN 26 GUSTAVUS A. 6 BEAUFORD CLAY 3 PRYOR K 3 JANE I AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~VJ HENOERS:JN 17 BORN TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 45 HJUSE 616 616~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOSEPH WALKER 36 BORN TENN, AND LUOUSKY 21 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~PA G E 46 H OU S E 623 628 JOHN N OR ',1 \//AL KER 3 I OOR N NOR TH C ARO L I NA~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALVIRA 29 MARSHALL 7 MARION 3 JOSEPH I HARRIETT 3/12 OORN N.C.~~~~~~

~~~~~~RACHAEL BARTLEY 77 13 l RTH PLACE UNKNOWN•~~~~~~

PAGE 69 HOUSE 951 95t JESSEE WARD 48 GORN NC LAURY I 6 N .r. • MA RY 40 NORTH C AR o L I N A, JOH N I 7 NC RTH C A RO L I NA , . NANCY 'IIARD 12 GORN NORTH CAR ~LI NA, WM HENRY WARD, 8 OORN TENN MARV 3 BORN TEN1-J, MAR GARftTT 2 OORN TENN.

~~~~~~PAGE 73 HOUSE 10J5 I0-.,15 MOR0£CAR 'JIALKER 45 GORN GA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~ELIZABETH 30 BORN GA, ADALINE 17 BORN TENN, JErFERS_N 7 TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANDERSON 4 OR iJ BORN TENN. --- PAGE 83 HOUSE I 135 I t35 MARV f/ARTI N 30 OORN TENNESSEE VIM 20 GEORGE I 8, THOMAS I j, JACKSON 8 ALL GCRN TEN~"•~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 35 HOUSE 1172 t172 SAMUEL WALKER 51 BORN GA. MARIAN 40 BORN SouTH CARJLINA. LICENA 20 O~RN TEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MALINDA 18, CATHARINE 16, ANDREW 13, LAVINA 12 TENN NANCY ANN 10, 'NM 6, ASBERRY 3, SARAH 2/12 ALL CN THIS LINE B~RN TEN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~---PA~E 129 HOUSE 1312 AND 1814 PJLLY MARTIN 50 BORN TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANG EAL I NE t 7, EMALI NE 16, M;.RGI\RET t 4, LEON I OES l 2 Mf\R V IO ALL G0RN TENN ------UNITED STr-\TES CENSUS OF 1850 OF ~v1CMI NN CJUNTV + PAGE 200 TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 255 HJUSE 648 456 JOHN WARD 42 OORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~MATILDA 42 BORN NORTH CAR·_LtNA, 'JJILLI AM 16 OORN VA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LYDIA 14 GORN VA, ELIZA6£TH 12 OORN VA, GEORGE 8 10 VIRGINIA,~~~~~~

~~~~~~NANCY 7. TENN, ANDREW 5 TENN, JOHN AGE 3 TENN. ------~~~~~~

~~~~~~r'AGE 26, HJUSE 771 544 JOHN ADAIR 45 □ ORN PENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~A CARPENTER REAL ESTATE ~00~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGECCA E 12, ALL PENN,. LETTITIA 6 TENN, JULIA I TENN -- HOUSE 302 PAGE 262~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 262 fRAi~CES WALKER MALE AGE 70 GORN N0RTH CAROLINA IN HOME OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~~AGE 262 HuUSE 798 562 HENRY WALKER 59 GORN VA. ~ ( FROM THIS POINT ALL GORN IN TENN LUCINDA 50 GORN VA. ( JOHN 23, JOSEPH 21 MILLY 20 DANIEL. 16~~~~~~

~~~~~~JAMES 14 EDWARDS 12 NANCY M BRAME 10 ALL DORN TENN} --- PAGE 272 HOUSE 1016 693 NANCY LO\~Y 77 BORN TENNESSEE (J GIVE THIS NAME BECAUSE THE INOIANS WERE INTFRMIXED WITH INOI ANS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~1850 ____ UNITED STATES CENSUS OF JF POLK COUNlY TENNESSEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~(COUNTY WHERE HISTORIANS STATE NANCY \r.JARD DIED 1824 AND IS BURIED)~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS TO NAMES MENTIONED AS BEING IN HER FAMILY;~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 195 HOUSE 16-16 JOHN M. WARD AGE 41 CORN IN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~REBECCA 37 BORN TENN, J/lMES H 16, WM C 15, MALINDA 13, EMMALINE I l,~~~~~~

~~~~~~--PAGE 199 THERE IS A NUMOER dt-82 JONATHAN 'NALKEF< 24 GORN T~r·~N, MATILDA 22 130RN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 292 NUMOER OF HOUSE 132 133 THEf~~~~~~

A BL ACK SM I TH, RESIDING IN NOU SE OF HENR V GEETER UNITED STATES CENSUS OF POLK COUNTY TEN.·,ESSEE OF 1850 •------PAGE 203 HOU SE I 36 -137 DAV IO 'JJALKEf< AGE 50 BORN IN N .C • LUTIA 46 BORNS. C. SARAH KEETON 23, OORN TENi·:• MARTHA 23, DANIEL 18 TH OM WSON I 6 , I S I o ELL A I 5, CY NTH I A I 2 , i3 0 ~ N TENN E SSE E • ALEXANDER 10, MARY 8 SAMUEL 6, ANO NARCISSA KEETON I x-ooRN TENN

~~~~~~• PAGE 209- HOUSE 231 236 ISAAC DOUGHERTY 23 BORN TENNESSEE, ELIZA 24 ANO 'JI C 8 2 OORN TENN. (GRANDMOTHER oF ANNIE WALKER BURNS WAS LUCINDA DAUGHERTY OF CLAIBORNE Co TENN.~~~~~~

PAGE 209 HOUSE 236, 240 JOHN W HILDERCRAND 52 BORN GEORGIA A FARMER ESTATE ~1000. ELIZA I 29 CORN VA• MARY E 10 BORN TENf~ AMELIA E. 9 TENN. ELIZA I 6 BORN ARKANSAS TERRITORY, MINERVA A. 5. ARK. EMIL v 2 BORN TEN:\J.

PAGE 220 HOUSE 389 393 SAMUEL 'IIALKE R 52 BORN VIRGINIA, ELIZAu TH 55 GORN IN SouTH CAROLiNA, SABRA 25 TENN, SAMUEL 23, TENN, RHODA I 7 TENN BENJAMIN 18 TENN, RUTH 15 TENN, CAMADA 7 TENN. AMANDA E 5/12 OCRN TENN

~~~~~~--PAGE 220 HOUSE 389 392 SAM YOUNG 76 SORN VA, fiEuECCA 27 BORN NORTH CAROLINA• EMELINE 7 BORN NORTH CAROLINA, JAMES H 2 TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~-PAGE 221 HOUSE 402 406 MARV WALKER 66 !JR 56 DORN N.C • SEANV S 35 VA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 224 HOUSE 449 454 MICHAEL M HILDERORAND, 68 SORN NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~~1000 REAL EST~TE I FARMER LUCV 56 NORTH CAROLINA, MICHAEL 8 0 TENN~~~~~~

PAGE 226 HERE IS SOME MORE DvUGHERTY, HOUSE 476 48L ISAAC DOUGHERTY, 74 BORN NORTH CAROL I NA (NA iv: E OF STATE ILLEGIBLE) HENRY DOUGHERTY 34 80RN TENN, STATE ILLEGI OLE. Lo U I s A I • 23 TENN CAMMELL 5 TENN. JAMES 3 NANCY 67

~~~~~~PAGE~ 227 HOUSE 492-497 JOHN MACINTOSH OR MANTu(TH X AGE 38 OORN TENNESSEE. SOPHA 34 GORN NC JASPER 12 TENN. NEWTON 10, SUFFREONEY BORN TEN~ AGE 8, JOHN 5, MARY 2 ALL BORN TENN~~~~~~

PAGE iii 247 HOUSE 747 754 THOMAS WALKER 39 Bc..iRN NORTH CAROLINA, J AN E I 9 N .C • R I C E C I 7 N~ R TH C ARO L I N A , A ARC N I 5 No R TH C AR CL I N A JOHN 10 MARGARET 7 JAMES CARTER 15 M~~y 23 ALL BORN NC

~~~~~~PAGE 258 HOUSE 911 919 MEMORY WALKER 43 BORN GA. f3L ACK SMITH .:p200 ESTATE MAR TH A 52 SOUTH C ARC LI NA , MAR Y ANN 22 BORN GA• MILLY 19 JAMES 14 JOHN 12 BuRN GA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 261 H8USE 944 953 tjUCKNER WALKER 44 OORN TENN, CELETH 44 GA. JOHN I 8 GA , MEMO RY I 7 GA, Nfl~ Y I 5 GA. GE_ RG E W I 3 GA •~~~~~~

~~PAGE 265 HOUSE 998 1007 JAMES F YJUNG 35 NC NANCY 26, TENN, SARAH C 14 ~rr t.a 2 HARR ISON I G0RN XKNK ALL i30RN NORTH C ARCLI NA /BORN NC ------PAGE 202 VOLUME I CALENDAR OF VIRGINIA STATE PAPERS.~~

~~~~~~PAGE 272 DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM FARRAR WAS TAKEN BV PAUL CARRINGTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO 0TH ER S AT MEe KL EN BERG C OUR T HOU SE• 20 DA VS N OTI CE 8 V G I V I NG TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~RICHARD HENDERSON ANO OTHERS CLAIMING LAND UNDER PURCHASE FROM CHEROKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAND AND JOHN WILLIAM GENT AS FOLLOWS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THE DEPONENT IN MARCH 1775 WAS PRESENT AT A FORT AT WATAUGA AT A~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIME WHEN A TREATY WAS HELD BETWEEN RICHARD HENDERSON AND OTHERS ON THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE PART .ANO THE CHIEF OF THE CHEROKEE CONSISTING OF OC0N0ST0TA AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITTLE CARPENTER AND ALL THE OTHER CH I EFS • AS THIS DEPONENT UNDERSTOOD~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT WHICH TREATY ABOUT 1200 OF THE SAID NATI ON ATTENDED AND IN THE COURSE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE TREATY, WHICH CONTINUED SEVERAL DAYS WITH THE TREATY WAS CONDUCT£J~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE GREATEST REGULARITY THJlT THE DEPONENT WAS NOT ACTUALLY PRESENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING THE WHOLE CONSULTATION, BEING ENGAGED DRIVING BEEFS FOR THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUPPORT OF THE JNDIANS AND AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY DEPONENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNDERSTOOD THAT IN CONSIOERATION OF LARGE ~UANTITV OF GOJDS THEN DELIVERED~~~~~~

~~~~~~av RICHARD HENDERSON ANO OTI'i ERS • THE INOIANS THEN AGRE£0 TO SELL TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAID HENDERSON A ~UANTITY OF GOODS AND THAT THE LOU I SA RI VER WAS TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BE THE DIVIDING LINE OF PART OF THE BOUNDARY OF LAND TO BE SEVeRAL HUNDRED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MI LES I N £X TENT• PAGE 283 OEPOS I Tl ON OF JOHN LOWERY AND ETC ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEHALF OF THE eoMMONWEALTH ; SAlni THAT HE WAS AT THE TREATY HELD BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~RICH1'R0 HENDERSON AND ETC. WITH THE CHEROKEES MARCH 1775 ANO THAT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~I NOi ANS PROPOSEO TO SELL THE LANO ON THE NORTH EAST SI OE OR ABOVE TH£~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEW RIVER WHICH SAID HENDERSON REFUSED TO PURCHASE BUT DOES NOT~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMEMBER THE REASON FOR DOING SC. THE INOI ANS THEN PROPOSED SELLING SOME~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAND BETWEEN KENTUCKY AND THE NEW RI VER WHICH SAID HENDERSON ~LSO~~~~~~

~~~~~~REFUSED TC PURCHASE SAVINQ TH~T VIRGINIA HAD ALREADY BOUGHT IT, SAi 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~HEl~DERSON THEN I NFORMEO THE I NOi ANS WHERE THE LAND LAV W-1 ICH HE WANTED TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~PURCHASE, WHICH WAS FROM THE MOU1H OF' KENTUCKY SOME DISTANCE DOWl'J TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAID DEPONENT DOES NOT REMEMBER HOW FAR• DEPONENT SAIC THE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~APPEARED Kl VOL I CALENDAR OF VIRGINIA STA.TE PAPERS PAGE 203~~~~~~

~~~~~~APPEARED TO BE UNWILLING TG SELL THE LANDS WHICH SAi O HEN DER SON TOLD~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM HE WANTED TO PURCHASE AND D£SI REO SAID HENDERSON TO RETURN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THEY WOULD LO~K TO Vt RGINI ANS FCR THE PRICE OF THE LANO, WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEV SOLD THEM ABOVE KENTUCKY. ALSO TELLING HENDERSON THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTRY WHICH HE WANTED WAS •M& OF GREAT SERVICE TO THEM AS HUNTING~~~~~~

~~~~~~GROUND AND THAT THEY LO~KEO UPON THEIR CATTLE OR GAME IN IT, TO BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS BENEFI Cl AL TO THEM AS THE TAME CATTLE WERE TC THE WHITE PEOPLE. THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPONENT SAi D THE I NOi ANS AGREEO TO SELL THE LJND TO HENDERSON & COMP AN V~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH THEY WANTED TO SUV BUT DOES NOT KNOW THE BOUNDARY THERETO.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN THE DEEDS WERE BROUGHT BY SINGING VANN 1'ME~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTERPRETER SAID SOMETHING TO THE INOIANS WHICH HENDERSON OBJECTED TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~OESIRINQ THAT VANN MIGHT NOT SAY ANYTHING ~e BUT HENDERSON UNDERSTOOD~~~~~~

~~~~~~Tu WHICH SAi O VANN REPLIED TH~ T HE CA E THERE TO OPPOSE HENOf'R SON HE WOUl~~~~~~

~~~~~~WOULO DO IT, ~ENDERSON TOLD VANN HE DID NOT REGARD ANY OPfOSITION HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COULD MAKE HIM. VANN lHEN TOLD HENDERSON HE SAID SPOKEN TO THE INOIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON WHICH TO CLEAR HIM TO THEIR FATHER STEWARTs TH~T HE MIGHT NOT BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BLAMED FOR THEIR SELLING THE LAND. AFTER THE DEEDS WERE SIGNED SY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IND I ANS FJR THE KENTUCKY COUNTRY SAID HENDERSON THEN TOLD THE I NOIA NS~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE HAD SOUGHT THE L~ND ON KY FROM THEM, AND HE HAL: OR HAD YET~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO PA TH TO I T •~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE DRAGGING CANOE THEN TOLD HENDERSON HE HAD OF THE LANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM THERE TO KENTUCKY PURCHASE, FOR A PATH.~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPOSITION JF JOHN REID TAKEN APRIL 16, 1775 AT 'JIASHINGlt)N~~~~~~

~~~~~~C OUNTV COURT Hou SE, TENNESSEE ABOUT THE SAME AS ABOVE DEPOSI Tl ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~- AND THEY WENT TO WHERE THE INOIANS WE~E ENCAMPED ON THE NIGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER THE DEED HAD BEEN SIGNE!), THE DEPONENT AND RI CH ARD PARIS THEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOUND THE INDIANS CHIEFS ALMOST DRUNK AND P~RIS INFORMED~~~~~~

~~~~~~COCNOSTOTA WI FE THAT THE CH I EFS HAD GI VEN A DEED FOR THE LAND UPON TH IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~Rt VER UPON WHICH SHE APPEARED TO BE VERY UNtASV. VOLUME l CALENDAR OF VIRGINIA STATE PAPERS PAGE: 204 AT THE NEXT MORNING PARIS ANO DEPONENT METj OCON0ST0TA'S TENT AND FOUND~~~~~~

~~~~~~A NUMBER OF CHIEFS AT IT HEAREO THE DEPONENT SAV MARKING OUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUNDRY WATER COURSES WHICH HE TOOK TO BE T'rt E MA IN BR~N CH OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOLSTON RIVER, SEEING THE GREAT ISL.AND LAID DOWN, AND THE NORTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOfiK WI TH SUNDRY OTHERS WHICH THE OE PON ENT DOES NOT REQ.UI RE ANO Tli IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY WERE THE BRANCHES OF HOLSTON.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE WERE MANY DEPOSI Tl ONS. IF THE READER Wf SH ES CO Pl~~ OF------THEM I CAN MAKE------ntEM LATER. IN TENNESSEE HISTORICAL MAGAZINE FJR JANUARY 1926 vo1.uME IX No 4~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 252 MENTIONS NANCY WARD AS FOLLOWS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~'1\fJI LL I AM COBD 1 S NIECE, El. I ZA B£Tii MASSENGILL, MARR I ED ISAAC TH 0".4~S,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE INDIAN TRADER WHO, L£ARNIHG 'THROUGH TH£ I NOi AN PROPHETESS; NANC V~~~~~~

~~~~~~WARD, OF THE~UPRISING PLANNED BY THE tNDIANS, NOTIFIED THE INHABITANTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF EAST TENNESSEE AS FAR AS WATAUGA• 8V THIS HEROIC SERVICE HE LOST~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL HIS PROPERTY ANO THE LEGISLATURE OF VIRHINIA GAVE' HIM L100 TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~REIM0URSE HIS LOSSES. ISAAC THOMAS WAS ONE OF THE THREE WHO ESCAPED~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM FORT LOUDON. A MARKER HAS REIENTLV BEEN ERECTED AT SEVIERVILLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN HIS HONOR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~'//M Co OG SR. ARTHUR ,JERRY, ANO VIM CO C3G JR WERE ACTI VE IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ASSISTING TROOPS IN 5H£LBY 1 S COMMAND. QN THE WAY TC KING'S MOUNTAIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE EXPEDITION HALTED AT THE PLANTATION OF WM Cose, SR. A JUSTICE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WASHINGTON COUNTY IN 1778. HE WAS WEALTHY, PATRIOTIC AND HOSPITABLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~Hes SONS WERE PHARAOH, WM AND JERRY-~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAME VOLUME OF TENNESSEE HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL IX No 4~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 'Z70 ev AV GOODPASTURE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 S&R ALEXANCER CUMING HELO HIS GREAT COUNCIL AT NEQ.UASEE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE WHOLE NATION, ANu CARRIED TO ENGLAND.A DELEGA~~~~~~

~~~~~~TION OF SIX CHIEFS TO CONFIRM IT, AND X SEVENTH WHO WAS PICKED UP VOL IX NO 4 TENN H I S TO RI CAL MAG AZ I NE PAGE 205~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENROUTE TO CHARLESTON. THE MISSION OF THESE CHIEFS WAS INTERESTING AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~VERV USEFUL TO THE ENGLISH, BUT CAN NOT BE DETAILED HERE. WHILE IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENGLAND lliEY GAVE THREE SITTINGS IN "cl VILIZEO HAOIT." Tc HAVE THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~PICTURES DRAWN FOR THE DUKE OF MONTAGU. THIS PICTURE IS STILL PRESERVED~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, AND JUDGE COLE WILLIAMS HAS REPRODUCED IT AS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRONTISPIECE TO THIS BOOK. WE CAN NOT NOW IDENTIFY ALL THESE CHIEFS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRGM THEIR NAMES, OUT WE KNOW THAT A_TTA·KULLAKULLA WAS AMONG THEM, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUDGE WI LL I AMS, BY EXTENSIVE RESEARCH, HAS I DENTI Fl ED HIM WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~UKNANNEEQ.UA OF THE PICTURE AND WE ARE INOEGTEO TO HIM FOR THE DISCOVERY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO IDENTIFICATION OF THIS LIKENESS Or THE GREATEST Of OUR OLD CHERO~r.z~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHIEFS. TH£ FRENCH OULT FoRT PRUDNOMME IN 1682. IT WAS 74 YE~RS BEFORE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANOTHER STRUCTURE WAS £REC TEO OV WHITE MEN IN TENN COUNTRY. TH IS WAS FORT~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOUDOUN, BUILT OY THE ENGLISH ON THE LITTL~ TENN RIVER 1756, TO COUNTERACT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH£ INFLUENCE OF THE FRENCH AND HOLC THE CHEROKEES Tv THE INTERESTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CF" THE ENGLISH. AT ONE TIME IT PROMISED TO BE THE NUCLEUS OF THE FIRST~~~~~~

~~~~~~PERMANENT SETTLEMENT IN TENN, BUT IT WAS OESIEGED, TAKEN, ANC ITS~~~~~~

~~~~~~GARRISON MASSACRED BY THE INDIANS 1760, AND THE PERMANENT SETTLEMENT OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATE WAS DELAYED FOR TEN YEARS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~VOLUME 6, No I APRIL 1920 OF' TENNESSEE HISTORICAL MAGAZINE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 32 IN PART OF GOVERNOR JOHN 9EVIER 1 S JOURNAL GY JOHN H D~NITT~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS FOLLOWS REGARDING GENERAL JOSiPH MARTIN INDIAN AGENT, AND WHO M~RRIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~A DAUGHTER BETTY OF NANCY WARD: OCTOBER J802 FRIDAY 1ST DAY OF OCTOBER~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE ARRIVED AT ABINGIJ'ON-- GENERAL MARTIN ONE OF THE' VIRGINIA COMi-AISSIONERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARR I VEO. (FOOT NOTE: "S:EN ER AL Jos EPH MAR TJ N (1740-r808)A NATIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY VIRGINIA; WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DR. THOMAS 'NALKER IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS EXPLORATIONS; SETTLED IN POWELL'S VALLEY ABOUT 1760; A CEAOER OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~SCOUTS IN THE JNDIAN WARS; AGENT OF THE TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY IN POWELL 1 S~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ V•LLEY; FROM 1777 TO 1789, LIVED AT LONG ISLAND AS INDIAN AGENT APPOINTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~OY GOVERNOR PATRICK HENRY; AIDED IN FORMULATING TREATY AT LONG ISLAND, VOLUME -If 6 Not APRIL lllx 1920 206~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1783, AND AT HOPEWELL IN 1785; WAS A BRAVE AND ALMOST RECKLESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN FIGHTER, RETURNED TO VA 1789 ANO THEREAFTER RESIDED IN HENRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTY VIRGINIA, WHERE HE WAS ELECTED TO THE LEGIS~ATURE AND BECAME A~~~~~~

STRONG SUPPORTER OF JAMES MADISON. **********

~~~~~~WILLIA11::s REPRINT OF HENRY TlMBERLAKE 1 S MEMOIRS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH ANNOTATIONS: BY A V G000PASTURE:~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 LIEUT HENRY TtMDERLAKE 1 S MEMOIRS, 1756-1765 WITH ANNOTATIONS, INTRODUCTION~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND INDEX. BY SAMUEL COL£ WILLIAMS, LL O • FORMERLY JUSTICE CF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENNESSEE SUPREME COURT. THE WATAUGA PRESS, JOHNSON CITY, TENN 1927.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE LONDON EDITION C,F TIMBERLAKE 1 S MEMOIRS WAS A SMALL VOLUME OF 160~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES, BEAUTIFULLY PRINTED IN LARGE CLEAR TYPE,M0 IN THE NEW EDITION THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRINTERS HAVE CLOSELY IMITATED THE ORIGINAL IN TYPOGRAPHY, TALL PIECES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ETC. HENRY TIMBEfiLAKE WAS A ROMANTIC YOUNG VIRGINIAN, WITH A FAIR EDUCA~~~~~~

~~~~~~TION AND CONSIDERABLE TALENT. HE HAD GREAT AMSITI ON, AN "ACTIVE DISPOSI-~~~~~~

~~~~~~TI ON 11 (To USE HI s OWN EXPRESS I ON}, AliD A PRECI LEOTI ON FOR ARMS. HE SAW~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME SERVICE IN THE FRENCH AND INOIAN WAR, EAGERLY SOUGHT PROMOTION~~~~~~

~~~~~~{AS THE NOTES INDICATE), WITH BUT MEAGRE SUCCESS. THE SPRING OF 1761 FOUND~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIM AN ENSIGN IN COLONEL BYRD 1 S VIRGINIA REGIMENT, WH•cH HAD BEEN ORDERED~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON A CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE 0VERHILL TOWNS OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS. AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~STALNAMER 'S COLONEL BYRD TURNED THE COMMAND OVER TO LIEUT-COLONEL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADAN STEPHEN AND RETURNED HOME. IT WAS AUTUMN BEFuRE COLONEL STEPHEN'S~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGIMENT REACH ED THE LONG I SL ANO OF' HOLSTON•, AND BEFvRE THEY HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMPLETED THEIR FORTIFICATIONS, THE EMPEROR OF THE CHEROKEES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~0CONNOSEOLA, WITH ABOUT 400 OF HIS PEOPLE APPEARED IN THE CAMP, AND ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE 19TH DAY OF NOVEMBER SIGNED A TREATY OF PEACE WITH COLONEL STEPHEN~~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME TWO MONTHS AFTER ATTAKULLAKULLA HAD NEGOTIATED A SIMILAR TREATY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH GOVERNOR BULL AT CHARLESTON.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATI"AKULLAKULLA ANO OC0N0ST0TA WHO NEGOTIATED THESE TWO VOLUME 6, No I TENN. HISTORICAL MAGAZINE PAGE 207~~~~~~

~~~~~~TREATIES WERE UNOCUOTEO LY THE LEADING CHIEFS OF THE CHEROKEES, THROUGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIMBERLAKE, FOR PURPOSES OF HIS OWN, I THINK RANK QSTENACO AOOVE THEM.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLAKULLA WAS A MAN OF PEACE AND THE GREATEST DIPLOMAT OF HIS RACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON ACCOUNT OF HIS UNIFORM AND CONSTANT FRIENDSHIP FOR THE ENGLISH, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SouTH CARC1 LI NA GOVERNMENT WITH WHICH THE CHE RCKEES WERE IMMEDI ATEL V~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONNECTED, MAGNIFIED HIS IMPORTANCE AND TRIED TO INCREASE HIS INFLUENCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH HIS PEOPLE. 0CONOSTOTA 1 ON THE OTHER HAND WAS A MILITANT CHIEF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO HAO EARNED THE Tl TL£ CF "GREAT WARRI 0R 11 • IT WAS HE WHO ASSAUL TEO FORT~~~~~~

~~~~~~8RINCE GEORGE CONDUCTED THE SUCCESSFUL SIEGE OF FoRT LOUDON, AND WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~REIPONSIBLE FOR THE MASSACRE OF lTS GARRISON. HE WAS BOnt FEARED AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~HATED IN SOUTH CAROLINA. THESE CIRCUMSTANCES MAY ACCOUNT FOR THE FA~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT ATTAKULLAKULLA CCNOUCTEO THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS WITH SouTH CAROLINA,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE HE WAS ADMIRED ANO TRUSTED, WHILE 0CONOSTOTA CONDUCTED ntOSE WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIRGINIA, WHICH HAD SUFFERED LITTLE FRCM THE GREAT CHERCKEE WAR•~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER 0CONOSTOTA HAD CONDLUDED HIS TREATY WITH COLONEL STEPHEN, HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEGGED THAT AN OFFICER MIGHT BE SENT GACK WITH THEM TC CONVINCE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NATI ON OF THE GOOD INTENTIONS, .NO SI NCEREITY OF THE ENGLISH TOWARDS THEM.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENSIGN TIMBERLAKE VOLUNTEERED FOR THIS DUTY, BUT HE DID NOT GO OVERLAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE INDIANS. LEARNING THAT THE HOLSTON RIVER WAS NAVIGABLE FGR~~~~~~

~~~~~~CANOES ALL THE WAY TO THE INDIAN COUNTRY, HE RESOLVED TO GO OY WATER, IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ORDER TO GAIN A KNOWLEDGE OF THE RI VER WHCSE CCURSES AND DISTANCES HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAREFULLY RECORDED, AND AFTERWARDS MADE A DRAFT OF IT, w-tlCH WE LEARN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM A NOTE, HAS SINCE 8EEN REPRODUCED rx IN A NUMBER OF STANDARC HISTORICAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~WORKS. HE WAS ACCOMPANIED ON TH IS VOYAGE: BY SERGEANT SUMTER AND INTER PRE-~~~~~~

~~~~~~TER McCORMACK• A NOTE INFORMS US THAT SUMTER WAS THE OISTINGUISHEO SOLDIER~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND STATESMAN, GENERAL THOMAS SUMTER OF SGUTH CAROLINA F··:R WHOM THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CELEBRATED foRT SUMTER AT CHARLESTON WAS NAf.AED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY S£T OUT ON THE 28TH OF NOVEMBER, AND AFTER A TRYING, DIFFICULT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO DANGEROUS JOURNEY OF 22 DAYS THEY REACHED THE INDIAN TOWNS LATE IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~DECEMBER , I 7 61 • AT TOMM OTHY HE WAS KI ND L V REC EI VE O BY OSTEN AC 0 VOLUME 6, No I TENNtSSEE HISTORICAL t~AGAZlrH!~~~~~~

~~~~~~ITS CHIEF, WHO GAVE HIM A GENERAL INVITATION TC HIS HOUSE WHILE HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AESIOEO IN TH£ COUNTRY, WHICH TIMBERLAKE SEEMS TO HAVE ACCEPTED. THUS~~~~~~

~~~~~~!EGAN A FRIENDSHIP AND INTIMACV BETWE£N THEM I WHICH AFTERWARDS BORE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANT FRUITS FOR THEM BOTH. SOME DAYS I. LATER QSTENACO ACCOMPANIED~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIM TO THE TOWNHOUSE IN CHOTA, WHERE Tii E HEADMEN OF ALL THE TOWNS We:"RE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ASSEMBLED, WHEN HE READ ANO HAO INTERPRETED TO THEM THE ARTICLES OF PEACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE AFTERWARDS ATTENDED SOCIAL OR DIPLOMATIC FUNCTIONS IN SEVERAL OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TOWNS THAT HAO BEEN MOST HOSTILE DURING THE WAR. TIMBERLAKE WAS A K~~N~~~~~~

~~~~~~OBSERVER AND DESCRIBED THESE TOWNHOUSES ANO PUBLIC CEREMONIES WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLEARNESS AND CONSIDER ABLE DETAIL•~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUBLIC FETES BEING OVl!R TIMBERLAKE HAO OPPORTUNITY TO INDULGE HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CURIOSITY. Has INTEREST WAS VERY WIDE. HE OBSERVED ALL SORTS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~PHENOMENA---THE CHARACTER OF THE SCIL, THE TREES IT PRODUCED, ITS NATI VE ., FRUITS AND BERRIES, AND ITS CULTI.ATED CROPS; THE MANY WILD ANIMALS THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUND IN THE VICINITY; THE FISHES IN THE STREAMS, ANO HOW THE INOIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAUGHT THEM. HE NOTED THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE CHEROKEES, THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS, WHAT OISHES WERE SERVED AT THEIR MEALS, AND HOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY COOKED THEM. HE CONSIDERED THEIR COMMUNITY AFFAIRS, THE GRADES OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOC I ETV, THE STATUS OF WOMEN, ANO THE RI VALRY OF THEIR CH I EFS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS TIMBERLAKE ENTERED TH£1R TOWNS HE STOPPED ANO AMINED THE RUINS CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~F~RT LOUDON WHICH HAD RECENTLY BEEN RAZED uY THE INDIANS, AND WHEN HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REACHED SETTICO HE WAS WELCOMED 0V THE DRUMS OF I TS LATE COMMANDER, CAPT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEMERE. HE WAS N~TURALLY INTERESTED IN THE SIEGE, ~ND GATHERED SOME~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANT FACTS COIICERNING IT. FoR INSTANCE, "MANY OF THE SOLDIERS IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH E G A RR I SON OF FORT LOUD ON , " H E S A Y S , "H AV I NG I NO I AN WI VE S , TH ESE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BROUGHT THEM A OAILY SUPPLY OF PROVISIONS, THOUGH BLOCKED av THEIR OWN~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTRYMEN; AND THEY PERSISTED IN THIS NOTWITHSTANDING THE EXPRESS ORDERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF WILLINAWAW, WHO, SENSIBLE OF THE RETARDMENT THIS OCCASIONtD, VOLUME 6, Ne I TENN HISTGRICAL MAGAZiNE PACE 209~~~~~~

~~~~~~THREATENED DEATH TO THOSE WHO WOULD ASSIST THE ENEMY; OUT THEY, LAUGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~ING AT WIS THREATS, OOLDLY TOLD HIM THEY WOULD SUCCOR THEIR HUSOANDS EVERY~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAY, AND WERE SURE THAT, 1F HE KILLED. lliEM, THEIR RELATIVES WOULD MAKE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS DEATH ATONE FOR THEIRS. WtLLINAWAW WAS TOO SENSIBLE CF TH lS TO PUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS THREATS INTO EXECUTION, SO THAT THE GARRISON SUBSISTED A LONG T? !\~E ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PR1.;VI SI ONS r DROUGHT THEM IN TH IS MANNER•~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE WAS NO KIND OF RITE OR CEREMONY AT THE MARRl~QE OF A~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE MAIDEN, HE TELLS US, AND IT IS AS LITTLE 81NOINC AS CEREMONl~USj~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR THOUGH MANY LAST TILL OEATH, ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY ARE CHILDREN, IT IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMON FOR A PERSON TC CHANGE THREE OR lrOUR Tl MES A VEAR. BUT WHr-:N THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY PART THE CHI LOREN GO WITH, AND ARE PROVIDED FOR BY THE M01'HER. WAR-WOME~~~~~~~

~~~~~~-WOMEN ARE ADMITTED ALONG WITH THE CH I EFS AND HEAOMEN TO THE ASSEMBLIES~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE NATI ON• THE ONLY Tl TL.E A F£MAL£ FAN ENJOY IS THAT OF "BaOVEO, n~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUT IT RECOMEENSES HER OY THE PCWEr:· SHE AC~UIRED BV IT, WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~IS SO GREAT THAT SHE CAN, BY TH~ WAVE OF A SWAN'S WING, DELIVER A WRETCH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONDEMNED 8Y THE COUNCIL, AND ALREADY TIED TO THE STAKE TO CONFIRMATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~:,JF TIMBERLAKE, A NOTE TELLS US HOW, IN THE VEAR 1776, NANCY \YARD,~~~~~~

~~~~~~A CHEROKEE WOMAN, INTERVENED AND PRONOUNCED THE P,ARDON OF MRS WILLIAM~~~~~~

~~~~~~8£AN 1 AFTER SHE HAD SEEN BOUND AND WAS ABOUT TO DE BURNED ON ONE CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH EI R MOUND S •~~~~~~

~~~~~~I HAVE INTIMATEO THAT T1M □ ERLAKE WAS A CLEVER DRAFTSMAN. AMONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS OTI-iER ACTIVITIES DURING THE LITTLE MORE THAN TWO MON1liS HE: SPENT IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TOWNS, HE DREW TO SCALE A MA~ OF THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY, LOCATENG ALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR QvERHILL TOWNS, TuE SITE CF FORT LOUDON AND AN A13ANOONED F'ORT~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUILT BY THE VIRGINIANS IN 1756; THE LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER WITH ITS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ISLANDS AND CREEK; ANC, THE PATHS LEADING INTO AND THR·-:::UGH THE SETTL'EMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT IS EXCELLENTLY DONE, AND MUST HAVE RE~UIREO A GREAT DEAL 0~ WORK.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS MAP WAS PUBLISHED WtTH THE LONDON EDITION, AND IS FAITHFULLY~ VOLUME 6 No I TENN HI S1\)RICAL MAGAZINE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPRODUCED IN THE REPRINT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I HAVE SUFFICIENTLY EXPRESSED MY ADMIRATION OF TIMBERLAKE 1S TALENTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND PUBLIC SERVICES. I HOPE I MAV NOW BE PERMITTED TO SPEAK OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRIVATE ENDS WHICH SEEM TO ME TO HAVE WARPED HIS JUOQMENT OF THE LEADING~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE CHIEFS. TIMBERLAKE WANTED A COMMISSION IN THE BRITISH REGULAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARMY. HE SPENT THE WINTER WITH 0STENACO, ANO UNDOUBTEDLY DISCOVERED H'S~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMBITION TO VISIT THE GREAT FATH£ R OVER THE WATER. OSTENAC0 WAS AC30U:~~~~~~

~~~~~~60 YEARS OLD, AND WAS THEREFl1 RE, NEAR THIRTY VMEN ATTAKULLAKULLA~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCOMPANIED SIR ALEXANDER CUMINQ 1 S PARTY TO ENGLAND IN 1730, AND HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AL-AYS IMAGINED THAT ATTAKULLAKULLA OWED HIS POWER AND INFLUENCE TO THA~~~~~~~

~~~~~~VISIT. Now IF HE COULD CARRY OSTENACO TO ENGLAND, ANO HE SHOULD BE CONSIDE-~~~~~~

~~~~~~RED OF SUFFICIENT IMPORTANCE TO RECEIVE ROYAL REco,NtTI0N, TtMBERLAK~~~~~~~

~~~~~~MIGHT REASONABLY DEMAND A COMMISSION AS A REWARD F0k HIS SERVICES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~\VITH THIS VIEW, PROBABLY, HE MAGNIFIED THE IMPORTANCE OF OSTENAC0 MUCH~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEYOND HIS DESERTS, DECLARING HIM SUPERIOR TO DOTH OC0NCST0TA ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLAKULLA, HE SAYS, HAS DONE LITTLE IN WAR TO COMMEND HIM, BUT HAS 0FTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OFTEN SIGNALIZED HIMS ELF BY HIS POLI CY AND NEG OT I ATI 0NS AT HOME, AN 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS POLICY AND ART ARE THE GREATEST STEPS TO POWER, QSTENAC0 COULD~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEVER HAVE 0DTAINED THE SUPERIORITY IF HE HAD NOT GREAT REPUTATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 130TH WAR AND POL I CV•~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN MARCH, 1762, TtMOERLAKE AND QSTENAC0, WITH A PARTY OF ~E~~~~~~

~~~~~~LATTER'S WARRIORS, WENT TO WILLIAMSBURG, THE CAPITOL OF VIRGINIA. A NOTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMINDS US THAT·SUMTER WAS ALONG, AND CONTINUED WITH TIMBERLAKE AND HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PARTU TO £NGLAND JULY 1762, A CORRESPONDENT OF THE ROYAL MAGAZINE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~SI GNI NQ HI MS ELF nz '' ASSETS THAT OSTENAC0 PROCEEDED THROUGH VIRGINIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~RA THE R TH AN C AR 0L I NA I WH I CH WAS H I S NE AR EST WAY , I N CR 0 ER TO CC NC EAL FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAKULLAKULLA HIS PROJECT OF COMING TO ENGLAND. 0 0 NGT KNCW WHO nzn~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS. IT CERTAINLY WAS NOT TIMOERLAKE, WHO MAKES 0STENACO{S~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROJECT AN AFTER THOUGHT, A MERE ACCIDENT. NEITHER COULD IT HAVE DEEN VOLUME 6, NUMBER I TENN HISTORICAL MAGAZINE P 21 I~~~~~~

~~~~~~Sa R ALEXANDER CUMING, WHO BROUGHT SEVEN CH I EFS, INCLUDING ATTAKULLAKttLL!.~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO ENGLAND IN 1730. THOUGH A NOTE INFO~MS US TH~T HE WAS PRESENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRUSHING UP HIS CHEROKEE VOCABULARY SO AS TO CONVERSE WITH THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIANS. IT WAS S~AE ONE WHO KNEW OF QSTENAC0 1S DEPARTURE FROM THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OvERHILL TOWNS IN MARCH. COULD IT HAVE SEEN SUMTER, OR SOME OilJ~ INSPIRED-~~~~~~

~~~~~~INSPIRED BY HIM?~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT ANY RATE 0STENACC Wl1H TWO WARRIORS, ACCOMfANIED BY T1MBERLA~:.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND SUMTER, DEPARTED FOR ENGLAND, REACHED LONDON JUNE 18, AND W~2~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ORO ER ED TO BE PROV I OED FOR BY HI S MAJESTY, TO WHOM THE V WERE INTRO DL' CED•~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY CREATED A GR£AT FURORE. THE WHOLE TOWN WANTED To SEE THEM •~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLIVER GOLDSMITH WAITED THREE HCURS AT QSTENAC0 1 S DOOR, WHILE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LATTER MADE HIS TOILET, AND 5-aR JOSHUA REYNOLDS PAINTED HIS PORTRAIT~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM LIFE. ..THESE INTERESTING DETAILS WE LEARN FROM THE VALUABLE NOTES •~~~~~~

~~~~~~S1R JOSHUA REYNOLD'S PORTRAIT IS REPRODUCED AS A FRONTISPIECE T0 THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPRINT OF THE I\1~Ei1AOIRS. 0STENAC--- REMAINED NEARLY TWC MONTHS IN ENGLAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH HE LEFT AUG 9, UNDER THE PROTECT I ON OF SUMTER, CARRY I NG WI TH HIM~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARTICLES OF PEACE BETWEEN~• HIS MAJESTY AND HIS NATION, MANY RICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRESENTS AND WARLIKE INSTRUMENTS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER A HARO STRUGGLE TIMBERLAKE RECEIVED A COMMISSION AS LIEUTENANT~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE 42ND REGIMENT, IN TIME TO GET HIS MILIT~RY RANK ON THE TITLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE OF HIS MEMOIRS, BUT IT IS DOUBTFUL, AS A NOTE POINTS OUT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHETH R HE EVER SAW IT IN PRINT AS HE D1£0 SEPTEMBER 30 1765, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~YEAR HIS BOOK AP PEAR EC• IF HE HAD LI VEO LONGER HIS TALENTS, ENTER-~~~~~~

~~~~~~PR I SE AND AMBITION WCULD DOUBTLESS HAVE WON DISTINCTION FOR HIM IN HIS~~~~~~

CHOSEN PROFESSION. QUOTES FROM THE Fl LSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY PAGE 212 VOLUi1iE 10, DATED APRIL 1936, No 2 BY OR. '.'/ILLIAM ALLEN PUSEY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CONCERNING GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN, OF VIRGINIA AN UNSUNG HERO OF lliE VIRGINIA FRONTIER, WHICH WAS READ BEFORE THE FILSON CLUB FEBRUARY 3, 1936 .,,.. .. ______.., .. ------

~~~~~~"IN THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN CHARACTER, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DIFFICULTIES INCIDENT TO COLONIAL LIFE, THE STRUGGLE WITH THE WILDERNESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND WITH THE SAVAGE, PRODUCED A TYPE OF MEN WHOSE BEST EXAMPLES ARE TO BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOUND IN THE I NOi AN Fl GHTER AND BACK-WOODSMAN OF THE SEVENTEETH ANI)~~~~~~

~~~~~~EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. HE IS NO LONGER WITH US, FCR ECONOMIC CHANGFS ~NO~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDUSTRtAL ADVANCES HAVE GIVEN THE PIONEER OF TODAY MANY AND VAST~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADVANTAGES OVER HIS PREDECESSOR OF THE LAST CENT8RY; BUT TO HIM AND TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE DIFFICULTIES WHICH HE MASTERED IS DUE NO SMALL PART OF TH£ PLUC~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO ENERGY OF THE AMER I CAN PEOPLE."~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS Q.UOTATI ON FROM PROFESSOR STEPHEN 8. WEEKS' CALLS ATTENTION TO A~~~~~~

~~~~~~A TYPE THAT IS GOvD TO CONTEMPLATE, ANO I AM PROPOSING IN THIS SKETCH AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEST I MAY TO RECALL A FINE ILLUSTRATION OF IT. JOSEPH MARTIN IS REMEM-~~~~~~

~~~~~~BERED BY THOSE FAMILIAR WITH THE 'NILDERNESS ROAD BECAUSE Of" THE ASSOC I A-~~~~~~

~~~~~~Tl ON OF HIS NAME Wlll-t HIS FAMOUS STATIJN IN POWELL VALLEY. BUT BEYOND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS HE IS A SHADOWY FIGURE WHOSE VERY IMPORTANT CAREER IN THE MOVEMENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO KENTUCKY AND ON THE VIRGINIA-CAROLINA FRONTIER HAS BEEN FORGOTTEN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALTHOUGH THIS IS A COMMON TRICK OF HISTORICAL FATE, IT IS HARO TO UNDER~~~~~~

~~~~~~STAND ITS OCCURRENCE IN MARTIN 1 S CASE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE WAS THE SORT OF FIGURE GUT OF WHICH BORDER HEROES ARE MADE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN YOUTH HE WAS A OARING ADVENTURER. HE WENT INTG A CAVE ALONE TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRING OUT AN ARMED AND DESPERATE INDIAN-- A MUTH MORE DANGERCUS EXPLOIT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAN ISRAEL PUTNAM'S FAMOUS CAPTURE OF THE WOLF; HE NEARLY LOST HIS LIFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO SAVE HIS DRJWNING COMPANIJN IN THE SWOLLEN FRENCH BROAD; HE RISKED~~~~~~

(FOOTNOTE: STEPHEN 8. WEEKS, "GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN AND THE REVOLUTION IN THE WEST". PAGES 401 -477 IN THE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SECJND SESSION 0F THE FIFTY-THIRD -- Co NG RESS 1893-94, IN 12 VOLUMES,VOL 4 No 104 ANNUAL REP·JRT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION F8R THE YEAR 1893 •• ) iUQ..TfS_F.f!.0.hl THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY Q,UARfERLY VOL 10 /f2.

~~~~~~HIS LIFE REPEATEDLY FOR HIS FRIENDS; HE HUNTED ANO TRAPPED FAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTC THE INDIAN COUNTRY, LIVED WITH THE INDIANS, WAS REGARi..-EO BV THEM~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS THEIR FRIEND, ANO CCNSTANTt. Y STROVE F~;R PEACE Wt fFH THEM• TWICE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN ORGANIZED EFFORT WAS MADE TO MURDER HIM, ONCE BY THE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~INSTIGATED av THE BRITISH, ANO CNCE BY HOSTILE WHITES {WEEKS, 457, 458);~~~~~~

~~~~~~BOTH WERE FRUSTRATED OY HIS Q.UICK WIT, COURAGE, AND HIS REPUTATION FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROWESS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE FURNISHED ALL OF THE MATERIAL TO MAKE A BORDER HERO, AND V~T~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO ON£ USED HIM FOR THAT PURP0SE. THE TRICK OF FATE THAT LEFT HIM~~~~~~

~~~~~~._.~__,UNREMEMBERED _____ ,_ WAS THAT HE HAD NO FILSON, AS 80CNE HAC, TO SPREAD HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAME, ANO HIS ACTIVITIES DID NvT COME INTO THE HISTORICAL LIMELIGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO MAKE THEM CONSPICUOUS, AS DID THOSE OF JOHN SEVIER AND ISAAC SHELBY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND JOHN CAMPBELL. PERHAPS THE ROMANCE OF HIS E~A CAREER AS AN~~~~~~

~~~~~~., INCIAN FIGHTER WAS LOST SIGHT OF BECAUSE IT WAS OVERSHADOWED BY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LESS DRAMATIC BUT MORE IMPORTANT CAREER AS A PUBLIC SERVANT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~PARTICULARLY AS INOIAN AGENT FOR VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAnOLINA, WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUT UPON HIS SHOULDERS THE HEAVY DUTY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF INDIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFFAIRS UPON THE SOUTHWESTERN FRONTIER FOR THE FIFTEEN YEARS WHILE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE REVOLUTION ARY 'NAR WAS BEi NG WAGED AND THE WHITE MEN WERE WRESTING~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT TERRITORY FROM THE INDIANS. WHEATEVER THE REASON, MARTIN HAS SE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEEN UNDESERVEDLY FORGOTTEN, AND AS AN ACT OF HISTORICAL JUSTICE I~~~~~~

~~~~~~AM IMPELLED TO WRITE THIS SKETCH OF HIM TO RE-EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF HIS CAREER ON THE VIRGINIA-CAROLINA GORDER ANO IN THE EARLY EMIGRA~~~~~~

~~~~~~TION TO KENTU:_--:KY •~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN HAD NO CONTEMPORARY OtOGRAPHER. HIS 8AREER WAS WRITTEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONLV lN THE SCATTERED REC OROS OF THE OOROER-- IN ORDERS, IN REQ.UI SITI ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIONS, IN RECORDS OF APPOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS, tN LETTERS, IN~~~~~~

INCIDENTAL REFERENCES ANO DOCUMENTS OF ALL SORTS WHICH ARE ~OT DIRECTLY _ .S,U.Q.1!$_ fR.Q.M_T..t!E_FILSON CLUB HISTORY Q.UARTERLY VOL IOj/2 PAGE 214 CONCERNED WITH H&M. FROM THESE THE FACTS OF HIS LIFE COULD HAVE OEEN

~~~~~~PARTIALLY ASSEMOLED ONLY AFTER UNENDING RESEARCH• THE E'XISTENC£ CF A~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONNECTED ACCOUNT OF HIM ANO OF HIS CAREER WE OWE TO OR. LYMAN C. DRAPER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO, WITH HIS UNENDING ZEAL IN COLLECTING MEMORABILIA OF PIONEER HISTORY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE Ml SSI SI PP I VALLEY• GOT SATI SF' AC TORY SKETCHES OF MAR TIN FROM TWO OF H~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS INTIMATES; ONE FROM f\-1AJOR JOHN REDO, AN ASSOCIATE rF MARTIN'S IN MANV~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF HIS 80ROER ANO Cl VIL ACTIVITIES, AND THE OTHER FROM HIS SON COLON=::L~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIILLI AM MARTIN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~FINALLY PROFESSOR STEPHEN 8. \'/EEKS, THE HISTORIAN OF NORTH CAROLINA,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER AN EXHAUSTIVE STUDY OF ALL OF TH£ MATERIAL, WROTE A CAREFULLY DOCUME-~~~~~~

~~~~~~NTED SKETCH OF MARTIN, WHICH HE READ AT THE 9TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION IN 1893.(FOCTNOTE FOLLOWS: STEPHEN 8 \YEEKS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~UGENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN ANO THE REVOLUTION IN THE VJEST".PAGES 401·-477 IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE REVOLUTION IN THE 1:/EST. 11 IN THE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS OF THE SENATE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE 2ND SESSION OF THE 53 CONGRESS 1893-94~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 12 VOLUMES, VOL 4 No 104, ANNUAL REP~RT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ASSOCIATION FOR THE VEAR 1893.)ENO OF FuOTNOTE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT WAS THE WORK OF AN ACCURATE AND INDUSTRIOUS HISTORICAL SCHOLAR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHILE WEEKS' ACCOUNT HAS SEEN CRITICIZED AS OVER-GENEROUS TO MARTIN, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~nt ERE MAY OE 01 FFERENC ES OF OPINION A00UT HIS OPINION OF' lliE GREAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIGNIFICANCE OF SJME OF MARTIN 1 S ACTS, HE HAS ACCURATELY RECORDED THE FACTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF MAR Tl N ' S L I FE • Bu T • C3 Y AN OTH ER TR I CK (F FA TE , ~VEE KS t ART I C LE ,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALONG WITH THE OTHER TRANSACT1 ONS OF THE AMERICAN HISTOHICAL ASSOCIATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR 1893, WAS PUBLISHED IN A DOCUMENT OF THE UNITEC STATES SENATE, ANO IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOT EASILY ACCESSl □ LE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SOURCE MATER I AL C :JNCERN I NG MARTIN OESERVES SOME- CC• NS t DER A Tl CN •~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE MOST IMPORTANT OF IT IS F0UNO IN THE DRAPER 80LLECTION AT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~\\'ISCONSlN STATE HIST0RICAL ScclETY, ANC THE MANUSCRIPT$ SHOW TH.t T IT qUOTES FROM THE FILSON CLUB HI STORY Q,UARTER LY VOLUME IO 4/2~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 215 WAS MOSTLY WRITTEN IN RESPONSE TO THE REQ.UEST OF OR. DRAPER. THE TWO~~~~~~

~~~~~~DOCUMENTS WHICH GIVE THE MOST INFORMATION AOOUT MARTIN ARE THE EXTENSIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REDO REMINISCENCES, (FOOTNOTE: JOHN REED 1 "REMIN I SC ENC ES OF V/ESTERN~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIRGINIA, 1770-1790" (ANO OF JOSEPH MARTIN), IN VSRGINIA MAGAZINE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUMES 6 ANO 7, 1899, 1900. ALSO PUOLICATIONS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, VOLUME 7, 1903.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO THE LONG LETTER FROM HIS SON, COLONEL WILLIAM MARTIN, FROM DIXON~~~~~~

SPRINGS, TENN• DATED JUNE I• 1842 (FOOTNOTE: WILLI AM MAR Tl N, " A OIOGRAr>HICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL )C; JOSEPH MARTI N11 (,A'THER ~ WILLIAM MARTIN), PUOLISHEO IN THE VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND 8IOGRA~HY VOL 8, 1901.}

~~~~~~80TH OF TH ESE OOCU KEN TS H ,\ VE BEEN PU OL I SH ED•~~~~~~

~~~~~~Wt LL I AM MARTIN 1 S LETTER OF JUNE I, I 84-2 WAS FOLLOWED OY OTHER VER V~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG LETTER TO DRAPER WHICH QIVE MUCH SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENER AL MARTIN; THREE LETTERS FROM WI LL I AM MAR Tl N AT O I XON SPRINGS, TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~( ONE OF JULY 7, 1842, ONE OF SEPTEMBER 6, 1842, AND THE OTHER OF DEC.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ,1842; AND A LETTER FRJM COLONEL JOSEPH MARTIN, JR., ANOTHE:R SON CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENE R AL MA R Tl N , FR CM GR EEN W'JO D , V I R G I N I A , DA TED FEB RU AR V I 7 , I 842 • THESE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LETTERS HAVE NOT □ £EN PUBLISHED. THEY ARE INTERESTING NOT ONLY AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~HISTORIC AL REC OROS, f3UT AS EV I D ENC E OF TH E SU PER I OR I N TELL I G ENC E AN 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHARACTER OF THEIR AUTHORS. THEY ARE ALL WRITTEN GY OLD MEN, BUT THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRESENT INTERNAL EVIDENCE OF METICULOUS ACCURACY OF STATEMENT. WEEKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAYS JUSTLY TrtAT "fEW CF THE CHARGES TO WHICH 1 REMINISCENCES' ARE SO~~~~~~

~~~~~~FREQUENTI_V LIABLE, CAN OE BROUGHT AGAINST WILLIAM MARTIN'S NARRATIVE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I T I S REM AR KA BLY AC C U RA TE • I H A VE FR E Q. U EN TL Y D JU l3 TEO S OM E OF H I S~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATEMENTS, BUT ON TRAC ING THEM OACK TO UNOCUBTED AUTHORITY FOUND THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY WERE CORRECT;'• REDD 1 S ACCOUNT IMPRESSES ONE EQ.UALLY AS FAVORABLY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL OF THESE LETTERS ARE FRvM MEN WHO NOT ONLY HAVE A SENSE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~HISTORICAL RESPONSIBILITY BUT WHO HAVE MORE THAN ORDINARY EDUCATION AND PAGE 216 Q.UOTES FROM THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY VOL 10 =1/2~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARE AGLE TO APPRAISE THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS EVENTS. ALL OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM ARE REMARKACLE IN THE FREEOOM WITH WHICH THE'V ACKNOWLEDGE IGNORANCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND WI TH WH IC H TH EV CORRECT I NA CCU RA TE STA TEM ENTS TH~. T H AVE OE EN MA DE B V~~~~~~

~~~~~~OTHERS EVEN WHEN THEY ARE FAVORABLE TO THEIR SUOJECTS. THESE LETTERS ARE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG DOCUMENTS, WRITTEN (IN THE CASE OF THE MARTINS) IN COOO ENGLISH AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN EXCELLENT STYLE. THEY CONS Tl TUTE AN INTERESTING HI STORY OF MOST OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EVENTS AND LEADERS OF THE SoulHWESTERN OORDER. ALL CF n-t EM DESERVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUOLICATION. ~NCIUENTALLV, THEY ARE A SAD COM'J.ENTARV ON THE WAY HAND\!/RIT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ING HAS DEGENERATED. COLONEL WILLIAM fiflARTIN 1 S LETTERS ARE WRITTEN IN A~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITERALLY OEAUTIFUL COPPERPLATE SCRIPT. HE SAYS IN ONE OF HIS LETTERS TP.AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY WERE Ti~~~~~~

~~~~~~JR., IS WRITTEN 0Y HIMSELF IN A 00LD, LEGI0LE HAND, VERY SIMILAR TO Tl-f~T~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF HIS ORGTHER WILLIAM• I HAVE N•.)T SEEN MORE SATISFACTORY MANUSCRI ?TS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN WILLIA.;i.ti .. MARTIN 1 S LETT£R OF $EPTEMCER 6 1 t842, HE MENTI :lNS THAT HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~BROTHER JOSEPH HAS WRITTEN HIM FRO:Ji HIS HOME IN HENRY CcUNTY, VIRGINIA, ·JF~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS FINDING IN AN OLD DESK OF HIS FATHER 1 S A SURPRISING NUMBER OF DOCU:ViENTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~RELA Tl NG TO HIS FA TH ER I S CAREER ..\ND THE HIS TORY CF THE SOR DER. HE REGRETS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THEY ARE TOO 0ULKV TO SEND TO DRAPER, BUT INVITES ORA PER TO "" COME~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND VISIT HIM AND CHOOSE FOR HIMSELF• THAT OFFERS THE EXPLANATION ~~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PRESENCE OF so MUCH fVIARTIN MATERIAL AT MADISON , '~J1sc·~•NSIN. WE CAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMAGINE THE ALACRITY OF URAPER 1 S ACCEPTANCE OF THE INVITATION AS SOON~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS HE HAD THE TIME AND THE WHEREWt TliAL TO MAKE T'r-lE TR IP•~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENERAL JOSEPH fil1ARTIN CAME OF A GOOD nRE£0. HIS GRAND F'ATHER, WILLIAM~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN, WAS AN IMPORTANT MERCHANT OF BRISTOL, ENGLAND 1 ENGAGED IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~Ai,1ERICAN TRADE, A MAN OF LARGE ESTATE. S.-.:iME TIME IN THE EARLY PART OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EIGHTEENTH CENTuRY, IN ORDER TJ PREVENT AN UNOESIRACLE ENGLISH MARRIAGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CF HIS SON JOSEPH, HE SENT HIM OUT TO VIRGINIA IN COMMERCIAL CHARGE OF A~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH I S SON I N TURN I LL U S TR ATE D THE FACT THAT IN SUCH AFFAIRS" Q.UOTES FROM THE FILS'.JN CLUB HISTORICAL Q.UARTERLY VOL _.. ___ -i,±10,,___ N,...,_~. ______2 _~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORESIGHT MAY GE VAIN GV PROMPTLY MA~RYING IN VIRGINIA A MISS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUSANNAH CHILDS (CR CHILES). THIS, ALTHOUGH SHE WAS A MEMGER OF A~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIGHLY RESPECTED FAMILY, ONE OF THE OLD FAMILIES IN THE STATE, FURTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUTRAGED THE FATHER'S SENSITIVE FEELINGS. THE ANXIETY AND THE FUTILE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EFFORTS OF HIS FATHER TO PREVENT, IN TI/0 INSTANCES, WHAT HE ntOUGHT WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AN INFERIOR ALLIANCE F0R HIS SON WOULD INDICATE THAT THE FN~ILV THOUGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRETTY WELL OF ITSELF.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS JOSEPH MARTIN, THE FIRST IN AMERICA,,, WAS DISINHERITED rv HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FATHER, OUT, AFTER HIS FATHER 1S DEATH, HIS OROTHER AND SISTER 1~1~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENGLANO SHOWED THE Q.UAL I TV OF THE STOCK OV OFFER I NG TO DIVIDE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PATERNAL ESTATE Wint HIM. THE DISTANCE SEPARATING THEM, HOWEVER, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCIDENTS OF THE SEA, PREVENT£0 HIS PARflCIPATION IN THE' FAMILY~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORTUNE, UUT HE SETTLED IN ALOEMARLE COUNTY VIRGINIA, AND ACQ.UIREO~~~~~~

~~~~~~A GOOD ESTATE ON HIS OWN ACC -~UNT • TH IS JOSEPH MAR Tl N SEEMS ALSO iO~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE OEEN SOMEWHAT CF AN ENGLISHMAN OF HIS FATI-fER 1 S TYPE, FOR COLONAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILLIAM MARTIN DESCRIOED HIM AS 11 HE, MY GRANDFATHER, WAS A PERFECT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENGLISHMAN. LARGE AN~ ATHLETIC- □ OLD, DARING - SELF-WILLEO AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUPERCILIOUS, WITH THE HIGHEST SENSE ~F HONOR." (FL,JTNOTE- SEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILLIAM MARTIN, IN VA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, VOL 8, PAGE 340)~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUOG I NG FR0M THE CAREER OF HIS SON, Mtt.i•;V OF TH ESE CHARACTER I STI CS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE PR08AGLV CARRIED OOWN IN OUR J~SEPH MARTIN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUR JOSEPH MARTIN, THE SECCND JOSEPH IN AME'RI CA, WAS GORN ON THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FAMILY EST ti TE NEAR CH ARL OTT6SV ILLE, I 740, THE TH I RD SON OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILY. HIS FATHER TRIED TO EDUCATE AND I: REAR HIM TO THE LIFE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~A VIRGINIA PLANTER, GUT HE WAS A P00R SUGJECT FOR ACADEMIC EDUCA~~~~~~

~~~~~~TION. HE PROVED TNOROUGHLY INTRACTABLE, AND IN YOUTH DEGAN A LIFE Or~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADVENTURE ON THE WESTERN C30RDER. IN 1756, WHEN HE WAS Sl~TEEN, HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~RAN AWAY AND JOINED THE ARMY AT FORT PITT, (F:.OTNOTE -SEE '#ILLI AM PAG~ 218 __QY._OlE~ _F~OMJH_s FILSCN CLUB HISlORY Q.UARTffiLY VOL i0,,#2.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN, LETTER JUNE I, 1842, ORA PER MANUSCRIPTS, No 8222.) ANO THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER TH AT HIS VOU11i VIAS SPENT WI TH KI NCR ED SP IR I Tl S, AMONG WHOM WAS THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FUTURE GENERAL THOMAS SUMTER, IN THE HAZARDOUS LIFE OF THE FRON Tl ER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS A HUNTER, FUR-TRADER AND ADVENTURER, HE WENT FAR INT,:: THE INOIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~C OUNTRV I 00 MI LES FROM H 15 HOME, SPENT MANY MONTHS AT A Tl ME TH £RE, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~GECAN T'J ACQ.UIRE THAT KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDIANS AND ASSOCIATION Willi THEM~~~~~~

~~~~~~THJT ST00D HIM IN SUCH GOOO STEAD THROUGH ALL HtS LATER VEAR. HE ~'::!!MS~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO HAVE CEEN IN PcwELL VALLEY AS EARLY AS 1761, IN A PARTV OF HUNTc~S~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNJER WALLEN, WHOSE NAME IS PRESERVED IN TH£ FINE MONUMENT OF WALLE~ 1S~~~~~~

~~~~~~RIDGE/ IN 1760, WHEN HE WAS TWENTY, HIS FATHER DIED AND HE WAS LEF:~~~~~~

~~~~~~A SMALL PRO PERTV.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE MARRIED A SUPERIOR WOMAN, AND UNOERTOOK TO SETTLE DOWN AS A FARMER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUl:..._HE ACTUALLY CONTINUED HIS LIFE OF ADVENTURE. WE£KS SPEAKS OF' HIS .,~~~~~~

~~~~~~"oEGAUCHERY" AT TH IS PER I OD, BUT IN ALMOST 1li E SAME 5Etrr£NCE SAYS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT HE NEVER T;)OK MORE THAN A SOC I AL GLASS, WAS NEVER DRUNK, AND NEVER~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEVER PROFANE. HE WAS MOREOVER PUNCTILIOUS IN MEETING HIS RESPONSIOIL-~~~~~~

~~~~~~ITIES, EVEN OLD GAMBLING DELTS. HIS "DEGAJCHERY 11 CONSISTED IN A LOVE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TI-IE LIFE OF THE WILDS ANO OF GAMBLING, IN WHICH HE SHOWEO HIGH PROFICI~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENCY• Ro I STER I NG PLEASURES ANO YOUTHFUL CRAWL I NG AM ONG YOUNG MEN CF HIGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~SP IR t TS IN THE WOLD LIFE OF THE FRuNTI ER ARE HARCL Y TO BE REGARDED AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~STIGMAS UPON CHARACTER. THE HISTORY OF HIS 'MiOL' LIFE INDICATES TI-fAT HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHARACTER COMMANDED THE ESTEEM ANLl CONFJ DENCE OF WH I TES AND I NO I AN S~~~~~~

...... AL I KE. _(F OTNOT£: I FIRST WROTE THAT SENTEi-..CE "ALL THE EVIDENCE SHOWS HIM TO HAVE OEEN OF HIGH CHARACTER IN YCUTH AS HE UNQ.UESTIONABLY WAS IN LATER LIFE.n BuT THAT STAT~~ENT MIGHT BE CHALLENGED OY SOME ON THE GROUND THAT HE MAINTAINED A HALF-GREED INDIAN WIFE QV WHOM HE HAD TWO CHILDREN DURING ALL OF HIS RESIDENCE AT LONG ISLAND (SULLIVArJ COUNTY TENNESSEE). INCIDENTLEY HE C ARR I E O OUT FU LL Y H I S R ESP ON S I G I L I TI ES A S TH E FA THE R OF THE SE CH ILOREN. TH IS WIFE, BETSEY WARD WAS A MEMBER OF A PO'!IERFUL FAMILY IN THE MOST DISTINGUISHED CLAN OF THE CHEROKEES Ai\~O UPCi\J THE MARRIAGE THE CLAN ADOPTED HIM AS A MQ1BER OF THE CLAS. Ai,;D THEREAFTER REGARDED MIM AS ONE OF TI-f8-!.. TH lS VIAS AN lMPORTANT FACTOR JN HIS EARLY tNFLELCECE VJ1 TH THE PAGE 219 _s,U.Q~S_F~OM,_!HE FILSOi'J CLUti HISlOKY Q.UARTERLY VOLUv1E#IO, No. 2 CHEROKEES, AND PROGAOLY ALWAYS REMAINED So. ON THIS GROUND MARTIN FIEO THE MARRIEAGE. V/M MARTIN LETTER OF JULY 7, 1842 UNPUOLISHEO. END OF" FOO TN OT£.

~~~~~~BY THE TIME HE WAS 29, HE HAO CECOME A GORDER LEADER GF~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUFFICIENT STANDING ANO RESPONSlulLITV TO BE CHOSEN OY OR. THOMAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WALKER AS LEADER OF A PARTY FOR THE TASK OF ESTAl3L I SH ING A SETTLEn~ENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN POWELL VALLEY. OR. WALKER HAD DISCOVERED POWELL VALLEY 1748, ANO IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1768 HE AC~UIREO A LARGE TRACT OF LAND ntERE ON WHICH HE PROPOSED TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~PLACE SETTLERS. AT THE SAME TIME HE GAVE MARTIN HIS COMM IS SI ON, :-:t;:~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMI SSI ONEO ANOTHER PARTY, IN COMPETI Tl ON WI TH MARTt N 1 S, BUT MARTf ;~~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEO THE SUCCESSFUL PARTY• MARTIN HAS LEFT HIS OWN OESCRI PTI vN OF TH t S~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADVENTURE IN THE VALLEY IN A LETTER OF MAY 9, 1869. HE SAYS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~"•• •• PERHAPS 1T MAY NOT GE DISAGREEABLE T~ VOU TC HEAR OF OUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~FORMER TRAVELS, AS WELL AS OUR PRESENT STATION ••• THE WEATHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROV I NG TOLER AGL., Y GO 0 0 , I G OT TO S'T ANTON I N FOUR DAYS. CcMPETEO MY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUSINESS THERE,-- GOT To CAPT ENGLISHES CN NEW RIVER, 14TH OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MONTH, OEING MARCH, WH~RE l LAID IN A SUFFICIENT ST:JCK OF PR::VISIONS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR OUR JOURNEY, (v1z:j SEED CORN AND AMMUNITION ETC. I THEN SENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE BOYS ON UNDC:R THE CARE OF MY □ R,JTHER, AND WAI TED FOR DOCTOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~WALKER AND MY COMPANION CAPT. Hv:,o, WHO CAME UP 16TH AT NIGHT. NEXT~~~~~~

~~~~~~MORNING WE STARTED. NOTHING MATERIAL HAP~ENED TIL WE GOT TO HOLSTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~RIVER, WHERE' WE WERE INF._.RMED THE DAY WE LEFT NEW RIVER THE KIRTLEYS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH CA~T RucKER AND SEVERAL OTHERS, CAME THERE ANO GAVE A MAN FIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~POU N D S TO P I LOT THEM A RO AD • --- - - DAYS J OU RN EY N EAR ER TH A N THE R O AD VIE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEN GOING, WHICH CONFUSED US VERY MUCH. FoR THE CASE STGOD THUS. IF'~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY GOT THERE FIRST, THEY WERE ALL TO HAVE 1,000 ACRES OF LAND EACH,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE THEY THOUGHT PROPER TO TAKE IT. IF WE GOT THERE FIRST, WE WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO HAVE 21,000 ACREW, WHERE WE CHOSE, A1\iC THEY WERE NOT TO INTERFERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH US. WE IMMEDIATELY HIRSD A PILOT-- TCO K TWO OF OUR GEST HORSES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUT ONE ijUART OF FLOUR, AND PUSHED ON AS HARD AS INTEREST AND DESIRE 220 PAGE ~UOlES FR0:\11 F t LSOi\ CLUB HIS TOr~~~~~~

~~~~~~COULD LEAD us, LEAVING THE i30VS T'J FOLLOW AFTER. THE THIRD DAV ·re~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUR GREAT MORTIFICATION, WE FCUNO WE WERE LOST-- AND AFTER THREE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAVS TRAVEL MORE, OVER MOUNTAINS-- CREEKS, LAUREL-- CANEGRAKES,ETC.~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUR DAYS OEING SPENT WITH HUNGER, GAVE OUT---OURSELVES AND HORSES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~VERV LITTLE DETTER. WE WERE UNDER THE OISAGREEADLE NECESSITY OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~RESTING PART OF TWO OAVS, THE 2ND DAV I FOUND THE HUNTERS TRACK AC0UT 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~.'.( I .,..t:"LL 5 MILES FROM OUR CAMP. I HASTEN ED AS FAST AS POSSIGLE • ·-· j ._~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WELCOME NEWS TO MY COMPANIONS. THE NEXT OAV DE ING THE 24TH ~ 'fl!~~~~~~~

~~~~~~SET OUT, FULL OF HOPES ONCE MORE. VitTH MUCH DIFFUCLTY I PREVEN":EO~~~~~~

~~~~~~MY COMPANIONS FROM DISCHARGING OUR PILOT WITH HEAVY SLOWS. 2611-t~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE GOT TO OUR LONG DESIRED PLACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~"A PR IL I THE JOYS GOT Tu OUR CAM? t WHICH WAS ON SATURDAY MONDAY OE~NG THE 3D, WE THEN 3EGAN TO WCRK, AN~ FROM THEN TILL NOW,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THERE H A.S GEEN LITTLE ELSE i3UT EATING AND C CNFUSI ON. AS TO CUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~HEAL Tii, J NEED NOT MENTION IT, YOU MAY BE AS SUED OF THAT YOUR SELF,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER I TELL YOU, WE HAVE EAT AND DESTROYED 23 DEER.--15 BEARS--~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 GUFFALOES- AND A GREAT NUMBER OF TURKEYS. APRIL THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~Kl RTLEVS GOT TO THE VALLEY, VERY WELL PLEASED WITH THE LAND, TI LL~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE GAVE THEM A LETTER FROM DOCTOR WALKER, THAT INFORMED THEbi IF~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE GOT TO THE VALLEY FIRST, WE WERE TC HAVE 21,000 ACRES OF LAND,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THEY WERE NOT TO INTERFERE WITH US. THEY ENDEAVORED TO PREVAIL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON US FOR A PART OF OUR LANU, WHICH WE WOULD NOT CONSENT TO. THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEN PUSHED HOME WITHOUT MAKING ANY FURTHER SEARCH F·JR LAND.~~~~~~

~~~~~~"THE PLACE WE ARE NOW SETTLED ON, IN THE WATERS OF 8EARGRASS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~CALL ED av THE HUNTERS POW ELS RI VER, AB CUT A MI LE FROM THE FOOT~~~~~~

~~~~~~CF A LONG LEDGE OF MOUNTAINS, CALLED CUM!3E'RLAND, MUCH RESEMBLING~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUR BLUE RIDGE, ONLY CONSIDER AOL Y LON GER , AND MUCH STEEPER , •~~~~~~

~~~~~~RUNNING THE SAME COURSE, GY THE ACCJUNT, THREE HUNDRED MILES, PAGE 221 ;uoTES FRO~i FlLSON CLUB HISTORY ~UARTERLEY NO 10, -#2,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND FROM POWELS MOUNTAIN AOOUT 7 MILES. POWELS MOUNTAIN IS NEAR THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COURSE. FROM WHERE WE CROSSED IT, FOR NEARLY 6 MILES, IS BROKEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAND• THEN COMMENCES OUR RI CH VALLEY I WHICH IS IN LENGTH ( OY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HUNTERS ACCOUNT} EQ.UAL TO THE M(.UNTAlNS AOOVE MEN Tl ONED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARKED OFF IN LENGTH AGOUT 10 MILES-- IN WIDTH, SOME PLACES A MILE--~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME PLACES MORE, SOME LESS-- ALL VERV RICH, ANO LIES VERY WELL,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH VAST Q.UANTITIES OF ilLACK WALNUT ANO WILD CHERRIES. G~E"°!\T~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIGNS OF OLD INDIAN LANDS. IT LI ES OUT OF ALL DANG£ R FROM WATER~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEINC NEAR 5 MILES FROM PoWELS RIVER. VERV GOOD SPRINGS--Bo~o~~~~~~

~~~~~~CREEKS, BIG ENOUGH FOR MILLS, --GR~AT ~UANTITIES OF CORN, SUFFICIENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO SUPPORT GREAT STOCKS FRO MANY YEARS. I THIN~ CONSIDERABLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WARMER HERE THAN WITH YOU• (VAST NUMBERS OF Tl C KS AND GNATS). WE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAD ABUNDANCE OF SNOW FALL THE 20TH OF APRIL, THO, VERY LITTLE LAV~~~~~~

~~~~~~WE HAD FROST 4TH MAY, APRIL 24, CAME K SEVERAL GENTLEMEN FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~CULPEPPER• WITH NEGROES TO SETTLE. LIKEWISE SEVFRAL GENTLEMEN FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEDFORD, 2 GENTLEMEN FROM MARYLAND, TO GET LAND TO SETTLE 100~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILIES." '11~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH Is EXPEDITION OF MARTI N 1 S LEO AT THE BEGINNING OF APRIL 1769~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO THE FIRST ATTEMPT AT SETTLEMENT OF MARTIN'S FAMOUS STATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN POWELL VALLEY. THE ACTUAL BUILDING OF THE STATION WAS MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EASIER BY I TS tGCATl ON ON THE rroLO I NOi AN LANDS" W-i ICH REDD REFERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO AGAIN IN 1775 AS 11 AN OLD INDIAN flELD.n THEY PLANTED CORN ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~oousn.ESS BUILT THE NECESSARY IMPROVEMENTS IN OROtR TO MAKE IT A~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 SETTLEMENT'1 TO COMPLY WITH LEGAL REQ.UIREMENTS. THE NUMBER IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MA RT I N I S P ARTY I S UN C ER TA l N • REDO SAYS THE R E WERE ONLY F I VE OR S I X ,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHILE COLONEL.. WILLIAM MARTIN THJUGH THt,.T THERE WERE 20 OR 30 1N~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PARTY• FROM THE AMOUNT OF GAME THEY HAD EATEN THE LATTER FIGURE • ~U.Q.T_gS_ f.RQ!VJl,.LS:>N CLUB HISTORY ~UART&.LY VOL 10, 4/2 PAGE 22::~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEEMS LI KEL V • THE PARTY APPARENTLY CI O N:~-T TAKE THEIR FARM I NG~~~~~~

~~~~~~RESPONSIBILITIES VERY HEAVILY, FC·R THEY Q.UICKLV LEFT TO EXPLORE~~~~~~

~~~~~~KENTUCKY. REDD S~YS THAT MARTIN LEFT THE STATION IN 1765 9 ONLY ONE §./ y DAY AFTER HIS ARRI VAL TH ERE. (FOJTNOTES : TH IS L.~TT£R ·FoUN O~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMONG HIS FATHER 1 S LETTERS BY HIS BROTHER IS COPIED IN WILLIAM~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN t S LETTER OF SEPTEMOER 6, I 842. DRAPER MANUSCRIPTS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~NUMBER 3XX7, PAGES 4-5.) (FOOTNOTE j/S JOHN REDO, VA MAGA7.:Ne~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF HISTORY VOLUME 6, PAGE 342.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~AC C ORO I NG TO THE ALi0\1£ LETTER OF JOSEPH MARTIN HIMSELF THE PARTY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS THERE AT LEAST FROM APRIL 20 TO MAY 4.~~~~~~

~~~~~~8£CAUS£ OF INOIAN DEPREDATIONS THE STATION WAS ABANDONED~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE FALL OF 1769, AND M~RTIN DID NGT RETURN TO IT UNTIL SIX~~~~~~

~~~~~~YEA RS LA TEii.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ABANDONMENT OF THE STATION STQ?PED EFFORTS AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENT FOR A TIME BUT DR. ~ALKER SHOWED HIS FAITH IN MARTIN BV~~~~~~

~~~~~~RETURNING TC THE SUOJECT, AS SHOWN av A LETTER IN S£PTEMCER 1771,~~~~~~

~~~~~~fWEEKS, PAGE 415). MARTIN, HOWEVER, MAD£ NO FURTHER EF'FCRT AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTABLISHING HIS STATION UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 1775. HE RETURNED~~~~~~

~~~~~~TD FARMING, FIRST AS AN OVERSEER FOR ONE OF HIS RELATIVES, BUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WI Tu IN THREE VEARS HE HAO PROGRESSED IN MATER I AL SUCCESS TO THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~POINT WHERE HE VIAS ABLE TO PURCHASE A TRACT CF G00D LANO FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIMSELF• THIS WAS ON SMITH RIVER, AT THAT TIME fN PITTSYLVANIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTY, IN A PART OF THE COUNTY FROM WHICH HENRY C•JUNTY WAS MACE IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~1776. HE GRADUALLY OEVELOPED INTJ A MAN OF SUBSTANCE, AND HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILY LIVED UPON THIS ESTATE UNTIL 1803, WHEN HE REMOVED TO A~~~~~~

~~~~~~FARM IN THE SOUTiiERN PART OF HENRY COUNTY AND BUILT HIMSELF A~~~~~~

LARGE RESIDENCE ON LEATHERWOJD CREEK• THIS ESTATE ON LEATHE'RW:)OD,.. CALLED BELMONT AND C0NTAINfNG 1,210 ACRES, WAS PURCHASE~ IN 1796 '"'"UOTES FROM FILSON CLUB HI STORY ;~LJARTERLV VOL IO, /12 223 .2,( ( FeCT IN 1796 FROM 8ENJ. HARRI SON, JR. OF 8ERKEEY.

~~~~~~(WM MARTIN, SEE VA MAG. OF HISTORY VOL 8 PAGE 347)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THESE RESIDENCES WERE FOR HIM 8UT THE SIGN OF HIS SUBSTANCE ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSITION, AND THE HOMES OF HIS FAMILY; ACTUALLY FOR MANY YEARS HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACTIVITIES COMPELLED HIM TO SPENO MOST OF HIS TIM£ ELSEWHERE. I~/ IN 1789 HE RETURNED To SPEND HIS LA ST VEAR S AT HIS HOME ·AT BELMONT ._j~~~~~~

~~~~~~(FOOT NOTE 10, WM MARTIN, VA MAG OF HISTORY VOL 8 PAGES 358-359.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING THE sax YEARS DEFJRE 1775, WHEN HE \VAS THEORETICALLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEADING THE LIFE OF A FARMER, HE WAS ACTIVE tN FRONTIER AFFAIRS. IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SHAWNEE VIAR OF 1774, LORD DUNMORE COMMISSIONED MAR Tl N AS CAPTAIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE PITTSYLVANIA MILITIA, ANO THE ESTEEM IN WHICH HE WAS HELD IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHOWN av HIS ~UICK APPOINTMENT TO TH£ COMMAND OF TH£ VIRGINIA SCOUTS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 ON OCT 12, 17.74, COLONEL PRESTON WROTE TO MARTIN 1 I KNOW VOU HAYE MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEVERAL LONG FATIGUING SCOUTS WITH YOUR MEN, FOR WHICH I Nit MUCH OBLIGED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~(WEEKS, PAGE 415.J TH£ DEFEAT OF THE INDIANS AT POINT PLEASANT, OCT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~tO 1774, ENDED THE SHAWNEE WAR, AND THE OPPORTUNE LULL IN HOSTILlTIES~~~~~~

~~~~~~OPENED THE WAY FOR THE MOVEMENT TO KENTUCKY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARLY IN JAN,1775, MARTIN WAS BACK AT MARTIN'S STATION TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~REESTABLISH HIS CLAIM IN POWELL VALLEY. ACCORDING TO REDD, WHO~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCOMPANIED HIM, THE PARTY, CONSISTING OF SIXTEEN OR 18 MEN, SET OUT ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEC 28, I 774, FROM HENRY Co,. EARLY IN JAN THEY ARRI VEO AT THE VALLEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HALTEO IN;. A L~RGE OLD lNOIAN FIELD·!.. L/ RECD SAYS: '~IE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMMEOIATELV SET TO WORK AND BUILT SEVERAL STRONG CABINS AND STOCKADED~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH EM , WH I CH MA D E I T I A G O O O FORT F •JR DEF' ENS E • 'NE THE N FEN C ED I N~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH BRUSH AND RAILS A LARGE PORTION OF THE OLD FIELD IN WHICH WE MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~A LARGE CROP OF CJRN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~(FOOT NoTE #11: JOHN REDO, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ScUTHE'RN HIST0R ICAL ASSOCIATION, VOL 7 PAGE 5) __Q&O.IE1 fR.Q.M_FI LSON CLUB HI STORY QUARTEBEEY VOL 10 if2 PAGE 224~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE VALLEY ABOUNDED IN ALMOST EVERY SPECIES OF GAME, AND THE TIME WE HAO~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO SPARE FROM CULTI VATINGi OUR CJRN WAS EMPLOYED IN KILLINC. GAME, WE SOcN 12 MAO A LARGE SUPPLY OF MEAT•" - (FOOTNOTE: JOHN REOD 1 PUBLICATION OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SJUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATlvN, VOL 7 PAGE 6)~~~~~~

~~~~~~11MARTI N 1 S FORT WAS ON MARTIN I S CREEK, NORTH SIDE, SEVER AL~~~~~~

~~~~~~,-INE SPRINGS NEAR IT. IT CONSISTED OF FIVE OR SIX CABINS, THEY WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUILT SOME 30 FEET APART WITH STRONG STOCKADES BETWEEN THEM; IN 1HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~STOCKADES WERE PORT HOLES, AND THE STATION COVERED ABOUT 1/2 MILE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN SHAPE A PARALELOGRAM, WOODS CAME NEAR IT ON NORTH. (FOOTNOTE #J3~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOHN REDO Pua OF sou HIST ASS 1 N V0L 7 PAGE 257)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE STRATE~IC ADVANTAGES OF tVlARTlN 1 S STATI OM SHOWED MARTI N'S~~~~~~

~~~~~~GRASP OF THE PROBLEMS OF TH IS ,RoNTI £R • IT WAS IN THE Ml ODLE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~POWELL. VALLEY, 20 MILES FROM CUFIBERLAND GAP, ANO COMMANDED THE UPt'ER~~~~~~

~~~~~~PART OF THE VALLEY AND THE GAP, IT WAS HALF WAY BETWEEN THE HOLSTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENTS AND THE KY COUNTRY; IT WAS SITUATED EXACTLY ON THE WILDERNESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROA~, WHERE IT CROSSES A CREEK WHICH STILL BEARS HIS NAME.~~~~~~

~~~~~~(THE WORDING UNDER THE MAP DRAWN ON THIS PAGE SHOWS: MAY SHOWING~~~~~~

~~~~~~LOCATION OF JOSEPH MARTIN'S STATION, ON THE WILDERNESS Ro"o, IN WHAT IS~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOW LEE COUNTY VIRGINIA• MARTIN 1S STATION OR CAOIN WAS, IN THE EARLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OAVS, THE ~NLV STATION ON THE WILDERNESS ROAD BETWEEN BLOCKHOUSE, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROADS 1 S BEGINNING IN VA, AND CRAB ORCHARD, ON THE EDGE CF THE SETTLE-~~~~~~

~~~~~~MENT IN KY, A TOTAL OF ABOUT 200 MiLES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I N P ASS I NG l WI SH TO VO I C E SUR PR I SE A NO REGRET , TH A T SH ) ULD 6 E~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMON, THAT THE SITE IS UNMARK£0. HALF A MILE'. AVIAY, AT A SPOT THAT HAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~NO HlSTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ANO THAT LATER WAS THE SITE OF A NOW ABANDONED~~~~~~

~~~~~~POST OFFICE CALLED 8GLNE1 S PATH, THERE IS A MARKER CF THE WILDERNESS ROAD•~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT MARTIN'S STATION, WITH ALL THE HISTORICAL MARKERS THAT ARE SCATTERED~~~~~~

~~~~~~OVER VA THERE IS NONE. Q.UOlES FROM Fl LSO,~ CLUB HISTORY Q.UARTERLY VOL 10 #2~~~~~~

~~~~~~WEEKS TH INKS THAT f·v1ARTIN 1 S RETURN TO POWELL VALLEY AT TH IS Tl ME~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIAS I NOEPENDENT CF RICHARD HENDER Sot-J AND HI s COMPANY OR n AT ANV RATE'~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN ANTICIPATION OF THEM•" (WEEKS PAGE 418). A CCNSIDERATI ON CF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLLATERAL FACTS VIOULu SEEM TO LEAVE NC DOUBT THAT MARTIN WENT TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~POWELL VALLEY AT THIS Tl ME AS AN AGRENT OF THE TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON PREARRANGEMENT WITH HENDERSON. HIS P(?EVIOUS EXPERIENCE IN POWELL~~~~~~

~~~~~~VALLEY WOULD HAVE SUGGESTED HIM AS AN OUTSTANDING M~ FOR THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SERVICE. THE TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY WAS EVluENTLV ANXlvUS To SECURE MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN, F"OR, ON JANUARY 20, 1775-- ALMOST CEFl:R E MARTIN REACH Eu THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~VALLEY-- THE TR~NSYLVANI A COMPANY CC,NFlRil.ED fvlARTI N's TITLE TC ALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE LANDS HE HAD CLAIM TO UNDER THE DOCTOR WALKER DEED OF 1769. THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS EVEN T\VO MONTHS BEFvRE THE LAND HAD DEEN GRANTED TO THE COMPANY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT THE TREATY 0~ SYCAMORE SHOALS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~A LEADER LI KE fvlARTI N AND A FORT LI KE MAR Tl N 1 S ST~TI ON WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESSENTIAL FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE TR~NSYLVANIA CuMPANY 1 S PARTY THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WENT OUT UNDER 80.'t-JE ANL: F:JR THE CONTFMPLATE~ SETTLEMENT IN KENTUCKY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY DEPENDED UPON MARTIN 1 S STATION. BOONE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS PARTY ARRIVED AT Mti.RTI r\J•s STATION ACCUT MARCH 16, AND MADE THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~FINAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE JCURNEV, AND WHEN HENDERSC~J ARRIVED THERE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~TtN DAYS LATER, HE MA~E MuST IMPORTANT USE OF THE STATION, AS IF BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~PREARRANGEMENT. IT WAS THE OUTPOST, FIFTN MILES FROM THE NEAREST~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENT ON THE CL I NCH , WHERE THEY RESTED, MA DE THE IR RE PA I RS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEFT THE lR WAGONS, AND GATHERED THEIR PARTY TOGETHER FCR THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FINAL 100-MILE DASH TO KENTUCKY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~i T WAS ESSEN Tl AL TJ BOONE AND HENDER SON ON THEIR EXP EC I Tl ON IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~OROER T0 PROTE6T THEIR REAR FR~M THE iNOIANS. )TWAS THE OUTPOST~~~~~~

~~~~~~NECESSARY NCT ONLY TO THE FIRST PARTIES, OUT TO THE SETTLE-..:ENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY ESTABLISHED lN ORDER TO KEEP :>PE:'J THEIR LINE OF C0:v'1MUNIGATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH TH£ HOLSTC N. £iUQ.~S- f.R.Q_M_ [lh.SON CLUB HISlORY Q.UARTffiLY VOL I 0,:/12 PAGE 226~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENDERSON AT ONCE MADE MARTIN HIS MAN OF AFFAIRS. HE RELIED UPON~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN TO PERFORM THE ESSENTIAL FUNCTION OF RESTRAINING THE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN POWELL VALLEY AND OF KEEflNG OPEN THE ROAG T·J KENTUCKY THROUGH THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG STRETBH. A LETTER OF HIS TO MARTIN JF JULY 20, 1775, SHOWS THIS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENDERSON SAYS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~"KEEP VOUR MEN IN HEART IF POSSIBLE, Nev, IS OUR TIME, THE INDIANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MUST NOT ORI VE US-- DEPEND UPON IT 1·HAT THE CHIEF MEN ANC WARRIORS OF'~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHEROKEES WILL NCT COUNTENANCE WHAT THE IR MEN ATTEMPTED ANG WI LL~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUNISH THEM--PRAV MY DEAR SIR 0vN 1 T LET ANY PERSCN SETTLE LOWER DOWN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~VALLEY j AM AFRAID THEY ARE NOW Toe LOW AND MUST COME AWAY I DID N0T~~~~~~

~~~~~~WANT ANY PER SON TO SETTLE YET BELOW CUM GER LANO GAP•"~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANOTHER EVIDENCE CF CLOSE UNDERSTANDING GETYJE£N THE TRANSYLVANIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMPANY ANO MARTIN CCMES UP IN TH IS SAM£ LETTEh, WHEN HENDF"RSON SPEAKS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE MATTER ., OF LAWS FOR THE KENTUCKY SETTLEMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~:WE DID NOT FORGET YOU AT THE TIM£ OF MAKING LAWS, YOUR PART OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CuUNTRY IS TOv REMOTE FRCM OURS T~ ATTEND OUR CONVENTION YOU MUST HAVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAWS MADE OV AN ASSEMBLY OF YuUR OWN, I HAVE PREPARED A PLAN WHICH I~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOPE vou'L APPROVE BUT MORE OF THAT WHEN WE MEET WHICH ' HOPE WILL BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SO ON•"~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN WAS APP01NTED OY THE TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY ATTORNEY FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TRANSACTION JF ITS BUSINESS AND ENTRY-TAKER FCR THE PSWELL VALLEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~PORTION OF ITS TERRITORY.(FOCT NJTE: WM MARTIN, VA MAG. OF HI STJRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~VOLUME 8 PAGE 353) AND WAS GIVEN EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS FGR THE SALE~~~~~~

~~~~~~0F THE LANDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALL OF TH ESE FACTS NONiT I TUTEO THE DELEGATION OF I MP,")RTANT~~~~~~

~~~~~~RESPCNSIDILITIES T~ MARTIN. IT MA~E HIM AND 8JJNE THE MCST IMPORTANT~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGENTS FGR THE SUCCESSFUL CARRYING OUT OF THE ATTEi✓iPT AT CJLONIZATI ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN KY. IT IS HARDLY C0NCEIVA8LE THAT THE FARSIGHTED HENOERSC·N ANG HIS 3.U.Q.TfS _F!!_O~ f iJ:SON CLUB H i STORY Q.UA RTSiL Y VOL I O, :if2. PAGE 227~~~~~~

~~~~~~MENTS AHEAD FOR SO ESSENTIAL A P~RT OF THE PROJECT. IT IS EVEN LESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SC THAT THEY SHOULD HAVE LEFT TO THE CHANCE OF THE JOURNEY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTABLISHMENT OF THIS ESSENTIAL STATION UPON THE WAY, OR SHOULD HAVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCEPTED MARTIN FJR THE RESPONSIOILITIES THEY PUT ON HIM SIMPLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OECAUSE THEY HAP~ENED TO FIND HIM ON THE GROUND. IT SEEMS EVIDENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT MARTIN 1 S SELECTION FCR HIS IMPORTANT PARTICIPATION IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENTERPRISE WAS THE RESULT OF THOUGHTFUL PREARRANGEMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTJ N'S S'TATI ON TC, HENDER SON WAS ONL V THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEGINNING OF THE IMPORTANT ROLE IT PLAYED IN THE EARLY MIGRATION TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~KY, AND IT REMAINED AN OUTPOST OF THE GREATEST IMPORTANCE TO TRAVELERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OVER THE '#1 LDERNESS i-~~~~~~

~~~~~~1794. ., MARTIN'S STATION FULFILLED ITS FUNCTIONS FOR THE TRANSYLVANIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMPANY THROUGH THE IMPORTANT YEAR OF 1775, BUT, THROUGH INOIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPREDATIONS AND LACK OF PROVISIONS, IN THE WINTER OF 1775-76 IT 010~~~~~~

~~~~~~SO WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY. IN THE SPRl N.- OF 1776 MARTIN WAS IN THE VA~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENTS TRYING TO GET SUPPORT, 8UT, 6EF"ORE HE COULD GET IT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHEROKEE INDIAN WAR BEGAN IN MAY• THIS ADDED TO ITS OTHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~DIFFICULTIES, LEO TO TH~ ABANDONMENT OF THE STATION IN JUNE 1776.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE THIRD ATTEMPT AT SETTLEMENT IN POWELL VALLEY WAS NOT~~~~~~

~~~~~~MADE BV MARTIN UNTIL 1783 AND THE FORT WAS NOT REGULARLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCCUPIED IN THE MEANTIME, GUT EVEN UNOCCUPIED THE STATION REMAINED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE IMPORTANT HUMAN LANDMARK ON THE ROAD THROUGH THE WILDERNESS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~EVEN UNOCCUPIED IT WAS A PLACE OF REFUGE AND A SYMBOL OF MARTI N1 S~~~~~~

~~~~~~INFLUENCE AND THE WHITE MAN 1 S PRESENCE. THUS GEORGE RoGERS CLARK~~~~~~

RECORDS THAT WHEN, ON HIS TRIP TO VIRGINIA TC GET AIO OF THE ... LEGISLATURE FDR THE KENTUCKY SETTLERS, HE AiJD HIS COMPANIC!N BECAME Q!OlE.§. E_R.Q.M_FlLSON CLUB HISTORY W QUARTffiLY VOL f,lO,ffe. 228

~~~~~~INCAPACITATED THROUGH CHAFING OF THEIR FEET, ANO AS HE STATES~~~~~~

~~~~~~SUFFERED "MORE TORMENT THAN I EVER EXPERIENCED GO'ORE OR SINCE,"THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MADE THEIR WAY TO MARTIN 1 S STATtONt WHICH, ALTHOUGH A0ANOON£D,~~~~~~

~~~~~~GAVE THE, SAFE REFUGE FOR SEIUtRAL DAYS, UNTIL THEY WERE AGAIN ABLE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO TRAVEL.(FCOT NOTE ffl6 MANN 8UTLER 1 S HISTORY OF KV 1834, ?AGES~~~~~~

~~~~~~38 ANO 39.~~~~~~

~~~~~~J~ARTI N I S IQ ACTIVITIES AS A MAN OF AFFAIRS AND GUARD I AN OF TH£~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROAC BETWEEN KV AND THE HOLSTON SETTLEMENT FOR HENDERSON WERE 2ND~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN IMPORTANCE ONLY TO 800NE1 S ACTUAL LEADERSHIP OF THE PARTY TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BooNESBOR0. THE TWO SUPPLEMENTED EACH OTHER P£RFECTI.. V AND EITHER WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESSENTIAL TC THE SUCCESS CF THE ENTERPRISE. THIS SERVICE ENTITLED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN TO A PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF EARLY SETTLEMENTS IN KV AS HIGH AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT OF ,,, ANV OF ITS PIONEER WORTHIES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT WAS THE FIRST OF M/tRTI N 1 S IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS. THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~2ND ANO M2RE IMPORTANT CAME THR0UGH THE ABILITY AND SUCCESS WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH HE CONDUCTED lNDIAN AFFAIRS ON THE WHOLE SOUTHWESTERN BORDER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN'S CAPACl1Y MAV HAVE BEEN AS HIGH AS AN INDIAN FIGHTER AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEADER IN THE '!JILDERNESS AS IT WAS AS AN INOIAN CONCILIATOR, BUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS GREAT USEFULNESS CAME ~ROM HIS RARE ABILITY AS A MEDIATOR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~UuRING THE WHOLE PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION, AND lN THE UNCERTAIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~TIMES LATER BEFCRE THE ESTAGLISHMENT OF FEDERAL AUTHORITY, HE WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE OUTSTANDING INFLUENCE FOR PEACE WITH THE IND I ANS IN THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~TERRITORY. HIS GREATEST ACHIE.EMENT WAS THE PACIFICATION OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~iNDIANS DURING THE TIME CORNWALLtS WAS OVERRUNNING GEJRGIA ANC~~~~~~

~~~~~~SouTH CARC,LINA, WHICH FINALLY ENABLED THE FRSNTIERSMEN rv, GIVE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRITISH GE~.;ERAL A BLOW AT KINGS MOUNTAIN FR0M WHICH HE NEVER RECOVER-~~~~~~

~~~~~~ED. THAT WAS A CRITICAL EVENT IN THE REVOLUTION. IN WEEKS 1 OPINION~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT ENTITLED tviARTIN To BE ENROLLED At/.ONG 0 THE HEROES OF '761 11 • _ iUQT_§.S_F!!_OM_ [1.!:SON CLUB HI SlORY Q.UARTB--; LY NO I 0,. N:.1. 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING HIS ACTIVITIES IN CONNECTi ON WITH THE FIRST VEAR OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENT OF KV, MARTIN WAS APP·_ilNTEO av THE VA COMMITTEE OF SAFETY, ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~OCT 9, 177G, CAPTAIN OF THE PITTSYLVANI~ MILITJ A, WITH THE DUTY OF OPPOSING~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE THREATENING CHEROKEES. HIS REPUTATION GREW RAPIDLY. IT WAS THROUGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS INFLBENCE WITH THE lNDIANS-- GY HIS INOIAN WIFE OR HER CLANSMEN--~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THE WHITES IN THE TERRITORY WERE WARNEO OF THE PLANS OF THE CHERGKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1774 Tu ATTACK THE SETTLEMENTS ON THE HOLSTON IN THE NORTHEAST~~~~~~

~~~~~~CORNER OF TENN. AND THEN TO INVADE VA. FOR THE WAR WITH THE CHEROKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1776 HE RAISED A COMPANY, OF WHICH HE WAS CAPTAIN AND REDO WAS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~SERGEANT, ANO MARCHE~ TO LONG ISLAND ON THE HOLSTON TO JOIN COL. WM~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHRISTIAN. AFTER ERECTING A FORT AND STOREHOUSE ON THE HOLSTON, THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARCHED IN OCT. AGAINST THE CHER0KEES, LAID WASTE THEIR SETTLEMENTS, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~RETURNED TO THE FORT IN Nov£MOER.(FOORT NOTE: JOHN REDD, PUOLICATIONS CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH£ SouTHERN ,, HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, liOL 7 PAGES 2, 3. WM ?J1ARTIN VA- VA MAG OF HIST. vOL 8 PAGES 355-356)~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTER THIS CAMPAIGN MOST OF THE TROOPS WERE OISOANOED, OUT MARTIN AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS COMPANY WERE RETAINED. HE S?ENT THE WINTER OF 1776-77 WITH HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEN AT RvE COVE, VA.(F~.T NOTE 18, JOHN REDD, VA MAG OF HISTORY VOL 7 PAGE 115) ~ND CONTINUEC IN ACTIVE SERVICE IN THE DISTRICT~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNTIL AFTER THE SAVAGES STRENGTH HAD GEEN GRuKEN. HE WAS PRESENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT THE TREATY OF LONG ISLAND IN ',)ULY, 1777, ANO AFTER THE TREATY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~JULY 20TH WAS APPJlNTED TO THE VERY IMPORTANT POSITION OF INCIAN AGENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO THE CHERJKEES. AS REDD COMMENTSt "0URI NG THE PERI OD HE SERVED AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGENT YOU WILL REC~LLECT THAT PEACE EXISTED OETWEEN TH£ CHERCKEES AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WH ITES."(F~,CT 19, WM MARTI N,~A MAG OF HIST.VOL 8 P 356, J.)HN KEDD,~~~~~~

~~~~~~IBID, VOL 7 PAGE 7.}~~~~~~

~~~~~~NoVEMGER 3, 1777, HE WAS COMMJSSIONEL), □ Y GCVERNCR PATRICK~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENRY, AGENT AND SUPERINTENDENT OF lNDIAN AFFAIRS FOR THE STATE CtF' VA~~~~~~

~~~~~~A POSITION WHICH HE CGNTINUED T~ OCCUPY UNTIL 1789. IN r HIS COMMISSION 9AGE 230~~~~~~

~~~~~~GOVERNOR PATRICK HENRY OUTLINED THE DUTIES OF HIS POSITION AS FCLLOWS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~"You AR£ HEREOY APr"OINTEO AGENT Af'J'i) SUPER INTEND£NT JF CHEROKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN AFFAIRS FOR THE STATE OF VA, ANJ YOU ARE TC, RESIDE AT S•)ME~~~~~~

~~~~~~PLACE IN THAT NATION IN ORDER TO NEGOTIATE AND DIRECT ALL THINGS RELATING~~~~~~

~~~~~~T~ THE CCMMONWEALTH AN0 WHICH CONCERN TH£ INTEREST THEREOF, USING YOUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~OEST ENDEAVOURS FROM TIME TO TIME TO PRESERVE PEACE WITH TH•T NATION AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO CULTIVATE THEIR PRESENT GOOD DISPOSITION. You ARE ALSO TO GIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~INTELLIGENCE To THE GOVERNvR FOR THE TIME BEING OF ALL OCCURRANCES~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT HAP~EN IN YOUR DEPARTMENT WHICH SHALL CONCERN GOVERNMENT TO KNOW,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO Tc COUNTERACT THE EVIL DESIRES OF THE ENEMY AND THEIR INTRIGUES TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEBAUCH THESE INOIANS FRvM THEIR FRIENDSHIP A~D IN ALL THINGS TO PRCMOTE~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE INTEREST OF THE COMMONWEAL TH ACC ORO I NG TO THE UTMOST CF YCUR SKI LL~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND JUDGMENT, AND ALL THE SUOJECT OF THIS STATE ARE RE~UIBED TC BE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AIDING AND ASSISTING YOU HEREIN. GIVEN UNDER MY HANG AND THE SEAL OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE COMMONWEALTH AT WMSOURGH ON THIS 3 N:>V 1777. (SIGNED } P. HENRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~(SEE JOHN REDD, PijO OF THE Sou HIST ASSN VCL 7 P 261, AND JOHN REDO,~~~~~~

~~~~~~VA MAG OF HIST VOL 7 PAGE 116}~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH I S WAS A L;, RGE ORDER , BUT MAR Tl N F A I lH FULLY ME T I T • AS SU PER I NTEN -~~~~~~

~~~~~~OEN T HE T80K _UP HIS RESIDENT AT THE FAMOUS RENDEZVOUS OF THE TERR I TORY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG ISLAND ON T'riE HOLSTON AND "BUILT A LARGE STOREHOUSE IN THE ISELAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEPOSETING SUCH GOODS AS THE GOVERNMENT MIGHT SEND~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUT F~R THE lNDIANS. HE MAINTAINED HIS POSITION THERE FGR TWELV£~~~~~~

~~~~~~YEARS UNTIL 1789. HIS SITUATION THERE WASS Dl~FICULT AND DANGEROUS FGR~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN HIS POSITION AS MEDfATOR BETWEEN THE WHITES AND INDIANS HE HAD TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEE THAT EACH RESPECTED THE RIGHTS OF THE OTHER UNDER THE TREATY~~~~~~~

~~~~~~LONG ISLAND AN'.:; TJ DEAL FAIRLY WITH 80TI-f; ALSO TO C0UNTEf~~~~~~

~~~~~~INFLUENCE OF THE BRITISH AGENT WHO HUNG AROUNu THE lNDIANS AND INCITED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM AGAINST THE WHITES. IN THESE DUTIES HE MADE ALONE MANY LONG,-- PAGE 231 ,S_LI_QTJS_FB_Ghl fl..!-::SON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY VOL I O,f2~~~~~~

~~~~~~DANGEROUS V1SITS TO THE CHEROKEES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN MET HIS RESPONSIBILITIES JN THE WHOLE WITH GREAT SUCCESS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE WAS RELIED UPON OY GOVERNOR HENRY, GOVERNOR HARRI SON•~~~~~~

~~~~~~Gov. ALEXANDER MARTIN, Gov CASWELL, GENERAL GREENE, ALONG WITH 01HERS t N RESPONS I C3 IL I TY, FOR ADV I SI NG THEr\11 ABOUT THE STATE OF M J NO <:F THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIANS, THE ACTIVITIES OF 8RITIISH AGENTS ANO ALL OTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON THE 80RO£R • IT IS HARD TO ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF SUFFER ING AND LOSS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH THE FRONTIERSMEN ESCAPED THROUGH MARTIN'S EFFICIENCY JN~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISCHARGING THESE DUTIES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IT IS E~UALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO ESTIMATE THE AID THAT THIS INFLB~NCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF MARTIN'S AMONG "THE INDIANS GAVE IN THE SUEBESSFUL CONCLUSION OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. IN 1779, HOPING TO ENO THE WAR BY COMPLETING~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CONQUEST,. uF THE SOUTHERN STATES, SIR HENRY CLINTON, AND LORD~~~~~~

~~~~~~CORNWALLIS, LATE IN DECEMBER, SAILED FRCM NEW YGRK WITH 7,600 MEN TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAPTURE CHARLESTON. THEY 5 WITH THE OTHER 8RIT1SH FGRCES THERE, Q.UICKLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~H AD GE JR G I A AND S ~ UTH C AR OL I N A , A ? r AR EN TL Y C ON Q. U ER ED • 0 N AU G I 6 , I 7 8 0 ,~~~~~~

~~~~~~CORNWALLIS ANNIHILATED GATES AT CAMDEN, AND MADE HIS PLANS TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADVANCE INTC NORTH GAR..:LINA FOR ITS CONQ,UEST. IN ENGLAND IT WAS THOUGH TH~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH AT THE: WAR WAS OVER • I T WA S THEN TH A T TH E B ATTL E OF K I NG I S MOUNT A I N~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHANGED THE WHOLE COMPLEXIO~ OF TiiE SITUATION. THE FR0NTIERSMEN HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEEN AROUSED TJ STRONG RESENTMENT BY ACTI VITIY OF THE 8filTI SH AGENTS~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMONG THE INDIANS AND RAIDS OF THE BRITISH IN THE BACK DISTRICTS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT THIS OPPORTUNE TIME THE INDIANS WERE AT PEACE, THANKS TO MARTIN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE FRuNTIERSMEN WERE FREE Tu JOIN IN REPELLING THE 8R1 TISH. THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEC I S I VE EN GAG EME NT TOOK PL AC £ AT K I NG I S ~·1 CUN TA I N • C 0 LO NE L FER GUS ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH I ,000 TORIES AND REGULARS HAD BEEN SENT INT~ THE WESTERN~~~~~~

~~~~~~COUNTRY Tc SUBDUE THE SETTLERS At~D GET ToRY RECRUITS, INSTEAD, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ SWARMED AFTER HIM. LET REDD DESCRIBE THEIR PART. HE SAYS: Q.UOTES FROM THE Fl LS)N CLUB HI Sl'CRY Q.UARTERL'{ PAGE 232 VOL 10, No. 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~"COL CAM PB ELL, ISAAC SHEL BY, COL BEN J C Lt A VEL ANO AND SOM£~~~~~~

~~~~~~OTHER PROMINENT LEADERS DETERMINED THA.T THEY WOULD AREST HIS COURSE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACCORDINGLY MEN WERE DISPATCHED IN EVERY DIRECTION, INFORMING THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHIGS OF FERGUSON 1 S MOVEMENT AND THA. T AN EFFORT WAS ABOUT TO BE MADE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO RAISE A NUMBER OF MEN TO MEET HIM AND GIVE HIM BATTLE. IN A VERY~~~~~~

~~~~~~SHORT TIME AN ARMY rF SOMET\-tlNG LIKE ONE 1HOUSAND MEN MET ANO PLACED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEMSELVES UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAMPBELL, SHELBY, CLEVELAND AND OTHERS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH IS ARMY WAS RAI SEO WI lliOUT ANY ~UTHORI TV FROM THE GOVERNMENT, THE MEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAD THEIR OWN MUSKETS, RIFLES AN SHOT GUNS AND SUCH OTHER WEAPONS AS TH£V~~~~~~

~~~~~~COULD RAISE, THE PATRIOTS MET WITH THE 8RITISH AND TORAYS ENCAMPED ON TOP~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF KlNG 1S MOUNTAIN. {FOGT NOTE: JOHN REDO, VA M.\G OF HIS, V~L 7 P 121)~~~~~~

~~~~~~KING'S MOUNTAIN, WH£RE FERGOSON WAS COMPELLED TO TAKE REFUGE, IS AN~~~~~~

~~~~~~I SOLA TEO PEAK WH i-C H, AS I REMEMBER, IS ABOUT TWO OR THREE HUNDRED FEET~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIGH. THERE FERGUSON THOUGHT HIMSELF SAFE, AND OEFl&O "ALL OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REBELS OUTSIDE OF HELL 11 TO TAKE HIM.ii (F:-CT NOTE: C .H.VAN TYNE,THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICAN REVCLUTI ON, t776-1783, P 302.) THE REBELS' REPLY WAS A~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEVASTATING FIGHT ON OCT 7, 1780, IN WHICH THEY KILLED FERGUSON AND THREE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HUNDRED MEN ANO TOOK THE OTHER 700 PRf SONERS. AS WEEKS SAYS, "To~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENERAL JOSE?H MARTIN, THEIR LEADER AND REPRESENTATIVE, IS DUE IN NO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SMALL MEASURE THE CHECK GI VEN THE CHER:.JKEES IN THE REVOLUTION. IT WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~LARGELY HIS DIPLOMATIC WORK THAT KEPT THEM ~UIET DURING THE BRITISH~~~~~~

~~~~~~INVASION OF 1780 AND 1781 ••• ~THIS ENABLEO THE MEN •••• TO STRIKE A HEAVY~~~~~~

~~~~~~BLOW FOR LIBERTY AT KING'S MOUNTAIN, WHICH PRCVED TC BE THE BEGINNING OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH£ £ND .n FERGUSCN 1 S COMMAND WAS A BODY OF PICi~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH HOPELESSLY CRIPPLED CORNWALLIS, AND MADE IT POSSIBLE FwR GENERAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~GREENE SUCCEESSFULLY TC HARASS HIM.~~~~~~

THE 8 A TTL ES JF THE COW PENS A!,iC OF Gu I LFOR D C CURT H.:.us E WHICH FOLL ·)WED Q.UOlES FROM T~E FILSON CLUB HISTORY Q.UARTERLY VvL I O , N.:; • 2 ---.-~ ,..._,....., ---~ --- WERE INO£CISI VE, BUT CORNWALLIS WAS IN A HOSTILE CGUNTRV AND HE HAD TO HAVE

~~~~~~A DECISION. IN RES?ERATION HE FIRST RETIRED TO WtLMINGTuN, HOPING FOR THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~RELIEF OF THE 8RtTI SH FLEET. DISAPP 1:ilNTED IN TH IS HE BEGAN THE RETREAT TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE NORTH WHICH ENDED IN HIS BEING PENNED UP AT YORKTOWN, AND HIS SURRENDER~~~~~~

~~~~~~ING ON OcT.7,1781, ALMGST EXACTLY A VEAR AFTER KING 1 S MOUNTAIN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT THE CH ERO KEES C OULO NOT SE LONG RESTRAINED WI TH ALL OF MARTIN I S~~~~~~

~~~~~~EFFORTS. HE PRESE~TED THEIR CHIEFS WITH MEDALS FROM CONGRESSe BUT THEY HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAuE A TREATY WITH THE BRITISH TO MAKE WAR ON CAROLINA AND VA., To MURDER~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE TRADERS, TO MAKE PRISONERS ANO T"~ STEAL HORSES; AND HOSTILITIES BEGAN•~~~~~~

~~~~~~A COMPANY WAS ORGt,,NIZED IN WASHINGTON Co,VA, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CC)L0NEL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARTHUR CAMP8ELL, AND MAJOR MARTIN JOINED WI 1li AN INDErENDENT COMMAND :!:J. IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~SULLIVAN COUNTY. THEY MET SEVIER AND THE WATAUGA MEN ON THE FRENCH BROAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND ADVANCED AGAINST THE lNOl~NS ON THE TENN. THE INDIANS, ALTHOUGH THEY~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE COMMANDED BY THE BRITISH AGENT, RETREATED, ABANDONING THEIR HOMES, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FRONTIERSMEN, BY DESTRGYING THEIR ABANDONED HOUSES AND SETTLEMENTS, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEIR CROPS AND PROVISIONS, ATTAINEi) THEIR OBJECTIVE CF PUTTING THEM IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSIT10N WHERE THEY WERE CJMPELLEO TC SUE FCR PEACE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAM PB ELL, SEVIER ANG MARTIN WARNED THE I ND I ANS THAT IF THEY WANTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~PEACE THEY MUST COME TO LONG ISLAN). ON fE8RUARY 26 1781, GENERAL GREENE~~~~~~

~~~~~~APPOINTED '".f✓ ILLIAM CHRISTI AN, \"/M PRESTCN, ARTHUR CAMPBELL AND JOSEPH MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF VA, AND RcsERT SEVIER, EVAN SHELBY, JOSEPH WILLIAMS, AND JOHN SEVIER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF NORTH CAROL IN A, C vMM J SS I ON ERS TC MEET COMM ISSI ONE RS FROM THE CH ER OKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO TREAT ON THE ~UEST10N OF BOUNDARIES TJ ARRANGE FOR AN EACHANGE OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRISONERS ANG TERMS OF PEACE, AND TO INVITE THE INDIANS TO APPOINT A~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMISSIONER TO VI STT C .JNGRESS. n~~~~~~

~~~~~~lN MARCH 1781 MARTIN WAS MADE A LIEUTENANT COLONEL OF TI-IE WASHINGTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~MILITIA. THE BRITISH AGENTS TRIED TG PREVENT PEACE, AND MARTIN WRGTE TC~~~~~~

~~~~~~COLONEL CAMP13ELL ON SEPT 20,1781, "ScoTT, THE PRESENT ENGLISH AGENT QUOTES FROM THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY ~UARTERL..Y, PAGE 234 VOLUME 10, N~. 2.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IS VERY INDUSTRIOUS IN STIRRING UP 1liE INOI ANS TO WAR." (WEEKS PAGE 433.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON OEc. 29,1781, HE WRGTE To SHELBY, "COULD IT BE DONE WITH CONVENIENC£,~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ililNK IT W0UL~ BE WELL OONE FOR YOU TO MARCH IMMEDIATELY AGAINST SCOTT;~~~~~~

~~~~~~I THINK ONE HUNDRED MEN, WELL MOUNTED, WOULD 00 THE GUSINESS. I SHOULD THINK~~~~~~

~~~~~~MYSELF HAPr>Y TO BE ONE OF THE NUMBER."~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN 1 S ACTIVITIES IN PACIFYING THE CHEROKEES CONTINUED THROUGH 1782~~~~~~

~~~~~~JANUARY 13 1783 HE AND ISAAC SHELBY AND JCHN DcNELSON, FATHER-IN-LAW OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANDREW JACKSON, WERE APP01NTEO COMMISSIONERS IN BEHALF OF VA TO HOLD A~~~~~~

~~~~~~TREATY AT FRENCH LICK 1 NOW NASHVILLE, WITH THE CHEROKEES, CREEKS AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHICKASAWS." (FOOTNOTE: WM Mi.RTIN, VA MAG.OF Hts.VOL 8,P 357).~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON THE PR&VIOUS SEPT 18, 1782, HE HAD WR ITTEt-i COL CAMPBELL, "I BEL: E\.'~~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH AT NEVER WERE PEOPLE MORE DES I ROUS OF PEACE 1lf AN THE CH ER OKE'ES, n~~~~~~

~~~~~~(WEEKS, PAGE 435).~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON MAY t7, 1783, HE VIAS COMMISSIONED INDIAN AGENT OF NORTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMONG THE CHEROKEES AND CHICKAMAUGAS, WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO VISIT THEM ONCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN SIX MONTHS IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY, DELIVER THEM MESSAGES FROM THE GOVERNOR,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND RECORD THEIR TALKS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MA RT l N FOR NO R TH C AR o L I r~ A AND VA AN O OON EL SON F CR VA H ELD A TR EA TV~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE CH ICKAMAUGAS AT LONG ISLAND, ON JULY 9 1783.~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHILE THESE NEGfJTI ATI ONS OF MARTIN AS INOIAN AGENT WERE GOING ON,~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN WAS CALLED CN TO MAKE HIS THIRO, AND FINALLY SUCCESSFUL, ENDEAVOR TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTABLISH HIS STATION IN POWELL VALLEY. THE CONVICTION HAD GROWN AMONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~THOSE INTERESTED IN CONDUCTING THE AFFAIRS OF THE FRONTIER THAT A STRONG~~~~~~

~~~~~~STATION SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IN POWELL 1 S VALLEY, PERHAPS AT CUMBERLAND GAP.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE REASONS F)R IT WERE STATED IN A LETTER FROM COL. CHRISTI AN---"THAN WHOM,':~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAYS WEEKS, "No BRAVER PIONEER GRACES THE ANNALS OF OUR EARLY HISTORY."~~~~~~

~~~~~~---Ta CoL. SAMPSON MATHEWS, DEC 30. 1782: S,U.£""f!S_F!!_O~ ],E FILSON CLUB HISTORY Q.~RTERLY VOL 10,:j/:2~~~~~~

~~~~~~...... THE ISLAND IS IN NORnt CAROLINA ABOUT 10 MILES;--·--~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE ONLY WAY THE INOIANS CAN COMETu THE lSLAND IN SAFETY IS UP THE Rt'JER,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO EVEN ON THAT ROUTE THEY HAVE SUFFEREO ••••• THESE INCONVENIENCES OBLIGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~C~L. MARTIN TO GO ALL THE WAY TO THE NATION WITH THE GOCOS THE EXECUTIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~FURNISHES HIM WITH, WHICH ADDS CONSI DERA8LE TO THE EXPENSE ATTENDING THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TRAOE. AND IF 5USINESS IS TO BE DONE IT IS A GREAT RISK TO BRING THEM TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE l SLAND.~~~~~~

~~~~~~r•/JH AT I ME AN THEN, TO SUBMIT TO YOUR CO NS I DER ATI ON, IS TH£ REMOVING~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE STORE AND AGENCY TO CUMBERLAND GAP •••• TH£ GAP IS NEAR HALF WAY BETWE-~~~~~~

~~~~~~EN OUR SETTLEMENTS ON HOLSTON ANC: KEN TUC KY, ~ ND A PCS T THERE W 01.'l D EE~~~~~~

~~~~~~A RESTING PLACE FOR OUR PJOR CITIZENS GOING BACK AND FORWARD, A~D iT~~~~~~

~~~~~~WjULD OE A GREAT MEANS OF SAVING THE LIVES OF HUNDREDS OF THEM. foR IT~~~~~~

~~~~~~VERY SELDOM HAPPNES THAT lNDIANS WILL KILL PEOPLE NEAR WHERE THEY TR~DE; ., AND IT IS lliEREADOUTS THAT MOST OF THE MISCHIEF ON THE ROAD HAS 3EEf,J DONE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~1'COL MARTIN COULD EASILY PROCURE A NUMBER CF FAMILIES TO JOIN HIM AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~ER£cT A STATION NEXT SPRING IN PoWELL'S VALLEY, AND WOULD WILLINGLY o, .. IT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~IF DIRECTED TO 00 SO BY THE GOVERNMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~••.I ND EEO I AL WAYS TH ~UGHT GUR STATE OUGHT TO HA VE KErT A POST AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE GAP. THERE IS A NOTED PLACE CALLED M~RTIN 1 S, TWENTY MILES ABOVE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~POST AT THE GAP, WHERE THERE WAS A STATION SGME YEARS AGO, THAT MIGHT~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANSWER •••• I KN~W OF NO VIEWS r3UT THE PUBLIC GOOD THAT MARTIN OR MYSELF~~~~~~

~~~~~~C()ULO HAVE IN THIS CHANGE. I HAVE, T~:EREFCRE, TG STf PULATE WITH YOU, SIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT IF THE PROPOSTITIJN IS DI SPIKED TH~T THE BLAME MAY FALL CN ME ALONE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 1 WI SH TO MENTi ON TO YOU THAT I HAVE BEEN WELL ACQ.UAINTEO WI TH COL,~~~~~~

~~~~~~MA RT I N I S PU OL I C TR A NS AC TI ON S A ND MAN AG EM E NT F' 0 R M ·:R E' TH A N 6 V £ AR S PA ST t~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HAVE ALWAYS OOSERVED HIM Tu BE A FAITHFUL, TRUSTY SERVANT TO THE~~~~~~

PUBLIC, ACTING AT ALL TIMES FAIRLY ANG OPENLY WITHCUT RESPECT TC THE ... CENSURE OR APPLAUSE OF THE LAWLESS OR LICENTIOUS. HAVE ALWASY FjUNO __ -~OJE~ fR.Q.f\l!._T~E Fl LSON CLUB HI STORY Q.UARTERL Y VOL I O• .j:2. PAGE 236

~~~~~~HIM A MAN OF THE GREATEST CANDOR AND INTEGRITY IN ALL HIS DEALINGS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, AND I VERILY CELIEVE THE OACK COUNTRY DOES NOT AFFORD~~~~~~

~~~~~~A MAN SO FIT IN ALL RESPECTS 9 AS HE IS FOR YGUR AGENT. I fJJ. SURE HE HAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEEN WITHIN AN INCH OF LOSING HIS LIFE IN THE SERVICE, WHEN A MAN OF LESS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ZEAL FOR HIS COUNTRY 1 S WELFARE WOULD HAVE SHUNNED THE OANGER; IN SHORT~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIR, HE IS AN UNDESIGNING, PLAIN, HONEST, BRAVE MAN, AND UNDERSTANDS THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MANNERS ANO DISPOSITIONS OF THE INDIANS BETTER THAN (ANY} BODY I KNOW;~~~~~~

~~~~~~BESIDES, HE IS HELO IN GREAT ESTEEM BY ALL RANKS OF THEM. IT IS FOR FEAR~~~~~~

~~~~~~C DL MARTIN HAS E?EEN, OR MAY BE TRADUCED BY MEN UNAC Q.U A I NTEO W1TH HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~MERITS, THAT I TROUBLE YSU UPON TH I S HEA D , AND I AM SAT I SF I E O I T WI LL~~~~~~

~~~~~~GIVE YOU PLEASURE TO KNOW THAT THOSE IN TRUST UNDER THE OIRECTI ON OF YOUR~~~~~~

~~~~~~BOARD ARE HONEST MEN •••• n~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHEN THE MATTER WAS PRESENTED TO GOVERNOR HARRI SON, HE URGED M~RTI N~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO UNDERTAKE JT, AND MARTIN ACCEPTING, PROCEEDED VIGOROUSLY. THERE ',V~S~~~~~~

~~~~~~SOME DELAY DUE TO INDIAN ATTACKS ON THE SETTLEMENTS ON THE CLIN~H, BUT ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~AUGUST 30, 1783, MARTIN WROTE GOVERNOR HARRISON THAT HE HAD SENT MEN THERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO BEGIN THE STATION. EVEN THEN IT WAS THE ONLY SETTLEMENT GETWEEN KV~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE CL I NCH • (F ·;jOTNOTE; SE£ \"JM M~. RTI N, ORA PER MANUSCR I PTS, 3XX4, PAGE L.)~~~~~~

~~~~~~lN MAY 1784, MORE THANK 100 MEN, WCMEN AND CHILDREN WERE THERE, ANO MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS STILL ANXIOUS AOOUT THEIR DANGER FRJM INDIANS AS LATE AS THE SUMMER OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~1786; GUT THE SETTLEMENT WAS NEVER AGAIN OISLODGED. IN 1788 GE~ERAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN FINALLY SEVERED HIS CONNECTION WITH THE POWELL VALLEY SETn.EMENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~DV SELLING HIS INTEREST IN IT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1783 HE WAS NOT ONLY £STABLISH ING THE POWELL VALLEV SETTLEiv~ENT~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT WAS AT THE SAME TIME INDIAN AGENT FJR NuRTH CARuLlNA AND VIRGINIA,~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIRGINIA COM:.~ISSIONER TO THE CHICKASAWS, AND A PARTICIPANT IN AN EXTENSIVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LAND PROJECT IN THE £3 IG BEND OF THE TENNESSEE. Olli ERS IN TH IS LAST~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENTER PR I SE WERE WM BLOU~T, JOHN 5£VtER, GhlFFITH RUTHERFC.RO, JGHN OvNELSGN -~OIE~ £R..Q.M_TjE FILSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTER... Y VOL I 0, 4/2. PAGE 23':··~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO GOVERNOR CASWELL• MARTIN WAS MAiJE AGENT AND SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY, BUT THE SETTLEMENT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL. CHARGES~~~~~~

~~~~~~WERE BROUGHT AGAINST MARTIN FOR HIS PARTICIPATION IN 'll-llS L•NO SPECULATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT HE WAS FULLY CLEAREO.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN 1 S CAREER TO 1789 IS A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF THIS SORT OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ACTIVITY-- ALWr~YS ON THE FOREFRONT OF AFFAIRS ON lli IS FR(;NTIER, CONFERRING~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE INDIANS, TRYING TO PROTECT THEM FRCM THE AGGRESSIONS OF THE WHITES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~S ACTING AS AGENT TO SETTLE 01 SPUTES BETWEEN THE WHITES AND THE I ND I ANS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND IN SO DOING INCURRING THE HOSTILITY OF MANY OF THE PIONEERS. AS WEEKS~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAYS, "WE CAN BUT ADMIRE THE DETERMINATION OF THE AGENT WHO INSIST'::C· JN~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVING THE RIGHTS OF THE RED MAN RESPECTED ALTHOUGH IT BROUGHT DOWN or~~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS HEAD THE WRATH OF THE MEN WHOSE INTERESTS WERE THUS THRCWN INTO JEOPARDY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE STATE OF FRANKLIN PARTICULARLY EMOODIED THE INEVITAOLE CONFLfCT OF ., INT£RESTS OETWEEN THE FRONTIERSMEN AND THE INDIANS ON THE HEADWATERS OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TENNESSEE. THE SETTLERS BEYOND THE BLUE RIOGE FELT THAT THEY WERE DETACHED F:~~~~~~

~~~~~~FROM VA AND NORTH CAR0LINA. THEY ALSO FELT THAT THEIR STATES NEGLECTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM AND OVERTAXED THEM, ANO NOT ONLY 010 NOT GIVE THEM PROTECTION AGAINST~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE INDIANS BUT THAT IN ENDEAVORING TO MAKE THEM LIVE UP TO THEIR TREATY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OBLIGATIONS WITH THE INDIANS, THEY ACTUALLY FAVORED THE INDIANS. MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS A MEMDER OF THE CONVENTION TO ESTABLISH THE S~ATE OF FRANKLIN, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~A MEMBER OF THE c:MMITTEE OF niE STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, INCLUDING THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~~UESTIQN 0F SECESSION FROM NJRTH CARvLIN~. BuT HE OP~CSEO THE ESTAOLISH-~~~~~~

~~~~~~MENT OF A SEPARATE ST:..TE. AS \Uri, MARTIN SAID, "MY FATHER WAS IN THE NEGATIVE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH HIS USUAL DECISIVENESS ON ALL PUBLIC MATTERS.(FOC',TNOTE: WM MARTIN~~~~~~

~~~~~~VA MAG• CF HIST. VOL 8 PAGE 358} HE WAS NOT A MEMGER OF THE 2NO CONVENTS ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~-TION OF' TuE STATE OF FRANKLIN. THROUGHOUT THE LIFE OF THIS STATE HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPRESENTED THE OPPOSITION TO THE ESTAULISHMENT OF THE ST~TE. AS JOHN~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEVIER TYPIFIED ITS PROPONENTS-- ANC AS INDIAN AGENT WAS ZEALOUS IN __Q.!!_0~ E.RQ.M_T!:!.,E_f .!.L2°N CLUB HISTORY ((UARTERLY VOL 10, 4/2. PAGE 238~~~~~~

~~~~~~UPHOLDING ntE RIGHTS OF THE INDIANS; THEREOY HE INCURRED MUCH MOSTILITV.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT IN SP&TE OF THIS HOSTILITY HIS POSITION AND IN~LUENCE WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~LITTL~ AFFECTED. FROM 1784 To 1787 HE WAS A UEMBEJt FROM SULLIVAN CcUNTY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE NORTH CallOLINA LEGISLATURE. ON DEC .151 1787 HE WAS APP,. .,INTEO BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~Gov CASWELL. Bltl~IDIER GENERAL Of' MILITIA OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~~sa WASHINGTON (WESTERN) DISTRICT (~OOTNOTE, JOSEPH MARTIN JR. DRAPER~~~~~~

~~~~~~MANUSCRIPTS 3XX13, PAGE I) THIS MADE HIM THE HEAD OF THE MILITARY~~~~~~

~~~~~~ORGANIZATION IN TENN, AND IN THAT CAPACITY IT WAS HIS DUTY TO CALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~UPON SEVIER AND HIS ~OLLOWERS TO LAY DOWN TKEIR ARMS. THERE COULD HARDLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE BEEN A MORE DIFFICULT TASK TO CARRY THROU~H WITHOUT ARMED CONFLICT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS CORRESPONDENCE, (WEEKS, PP 454,455) INDICATES THAT HE HANDLED IT W~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WITH THE UTMOST TACT, WITH THE ~REATEST CONSIDERATION FOR SEVIER, HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLD FRIEND ANO co-WORKER IN THE WEST AND THE HERO OF THE MOVEMENT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~RAMSEY SAYS OF THE WA• IN WHICH MARTIN HANDLED 1HIS 01FFICULT SITUATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT "ITS TONE, ITS MODERATION, ITS WISDOM, ITS SYMPATHY FOR A SOLDIER~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND A PATRIOT CONSTITUTE THE HIGHEST EULO~Y UPON HIS OWN 800D SENSE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS PATRIOTISM, AND HIS HOOD fPEELINQS. 11~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS A RESULT MARTIN BROUGHT THE DIFFICULTY TO A SU~CESSFUL~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONCLUSION, ANO ON APRtL 17, 1788, WAS ABLE TO WRITE TC GOVERNOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~RANDOLPH• 11 1 AM HAP~Y TO INFORM YOUR EXCELLENCY THAT THE LATE UNHAPPY~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISPUTE BETWEEN THE ST-TE OF NuRTH CAROLINA AND THE PRETENDED STATE CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRANKLIN IS SUBSI DEO. 11~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1786 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT APP ..ilNTED A 9UPER INTENOENT r.F~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN AFFAIRS FOR THE SJUTHERN QE?ARTMENT. MARTIN WAS EITHER A~~~~~~

~~~~~~CANDIDATE OR WAS PRoP~SED FOR THIS POSITION, AND GOVERNOR MARTIN OF'~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~RTH CAR~LINA, AND GOVERNOR HENRY OF VIRGINIA SUPPCRTEO HIM FOR IT.~~~~~~

~~~~~~8UT HE WAS NOT SEL£CTE0 1 PROOABLV THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUP~ORTERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE STATE OF FRANKLIN, ANO OR. VAMES WHITE WAS APPOINTED. i1TH iUQ."f!S_F,!!OM f 1.!:_5.Q.N CLUB HlSTORY Q.UARTER... Y VOLL.ME IO 4/-2.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS APPOINTMENT THE POSITION OF INDIAN AGENT FOR VA. ENDED. MARTfN w~s~~~~~~

~~~~~~INFORMED OF THIS IN A LETTER FROM GOVERNOR RANDOLPH 0ATEO JANUARY 31 ~1787,~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN WHICH HE EXPRESSED HIS REGRETS AND HIS APPRECIATION OF MARTIN'S VALUASL~~~~~~~

~~~~~~SERVICES. THIS ENDED A TERM OF AGENT FOR VA OF ALMOST TEN YEARS. NORTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAROLINA CONTINUED HIM AS INDIAN ACENT UNTIL 1789 ••~~~~~~

~~~~~~RELATIONS WITH THE INDIANS UNOER OR WHITE ANO HIS SUCCESSOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~RICHARD WINN (WEEKS, PAGE 460) DID NOT IMPROVE, ANO IT WAS STILL FOUND~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEC£SSARV TO UTILIZE MARTIN 1 S SERVICES. lN JUNE 1788 IN AN EMERGENCY, HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS APPOINTED BY CONGRESS AGENT TC THE CHEROKE£ NATI ON, JNC IN AUGUST~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGENT TO THE CHICKASAWS, WlntOUT COMPLETE AUTHORITY IN El THER CASE, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~LATER WAS C OMPELLEO Tu ACT AS LEADER IN 01 FF IC Ul'r BORDER HOSTI LI Tl ES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHICKASAWS AND CREEKS, ANO THE CHEROKEES TO A LESS EXTENT, WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMITTING OEPREOATI ONS ALON~ THE BOROER. MARTIN WAS ABLE TO PLACIITE THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHERQKEES TO A VERY ~REAT DEGREE, AND WHAT WAS EQUALLY DIFFICULT TO MOLLIFY .,~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE WHITES. BUT REPRISALS AGAINST THE OTHER BECAM~ NECESSARY, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN UNDERTOOK A CAMPAIGN AGAINST THEM WITH A ,cRc£ CF PROBABLY 800 TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~1000 MEN • (WEEKS, PAGE 463.) THE INDIANS RETREATED T~ TH£ M:)UNTAINS ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN 1 S FORCE FOLL0WEO AND WAS SURPRISED AND BADLY DAMAGED AT LOOKOUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOUNTAIN. MARTIN WAS ABLE TO WITHORAW HIS TROOPS ANO RETREAT WITHOUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEMORALIZATION, IN SPITE OF THE FAILURE OF THE EXPEDITION, IT IS RATHER~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMARKABLE THAT MARTIN WAS NOT BLAMED; NEXT VEAR THE TROOPS WERE PAID BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE STAT£ ANO DISCHARGED FROM SERVICE. THE F0LLOWING YE•R MARTIN WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~EN~AGEO IN OVERCOMING THE MACHINATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS, COUNT£RACTtNG~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOSTILITIES ANO TREATINQ Wint TH£ INOIANS ON THE GEORGIA BORDER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN 1789 NORTH CAROLINA CEDED THE TERRITORY WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, AND THE LEQISLATUR£ REPEALED THE L•W~~~~~~

~~~~~~PROVIDING AN INDIAN AGENT FOR THAT DISTRICT. GENER N,.. MARTIN 1 S COMMISSION~~~~~~

AS I NOi AN AGENT FOR NORTH CAROLINA LAPSED WITH THE CESSION OF THAT DI STRICT • TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. MARTIN 1 S COMMISSION AS INOIAN AGENT FOR THE UNI: Q.UOTES FROM THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY Q.UARTERLV VOL 10. j2. PAGE 24(,

~~~~~~STATES EXPIRED ALSO IN 1780~ ANO FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 15 YEARS SINCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~1774 HE WAS A PRIVATE CITIZEN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN WAS NOW IN HIS 50TH YEAR, AFTER MORE THAN 30 YEARS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~INCESSANT ACTIVITY ON THE SOUTHWESTERN BORDER. HE WAS EVIDENTLY Too OLD~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN SERVICE TO RETIRE ~UETLY TO HIS HENRY COUNTY ESTATE ANO GIVE UP HIS VIRGINIA/ FRONTIER LIFE. IN 1789 HE ESTABLISHED A FORT AND TOOK UP HIS RESIDENCE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN GEORGIA, WAS ENGAGED IN INDIAN HOSTILITIES, ANO ELECTED TO THE GEORGIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEGISLATURE. ( FuOTNOTE; SEE Jos EPH MARTIN JR, ORA PER MANUSCRIPTS 3XX I 3, pp 1-3~~~~~~

~~~~~~1-3). HE WAS ACTIVE IN PREVENTIN~ INDlAN DEPREDATIONS NOT ONLY IN GEORGIA~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUT ALSO IN VA• THUS HE CONTINUED UNTIL 1793. ON DEC 11, 1793 HE WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMISSIONED BY Gov HENRY LEE OF VA BRIC.ADeER GENERAL OF THE VA MILITIA.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN WAS IN THE HILLSBORO CONVENTION IN 1788, -..£N NuRTH CAROL!NA~~~~~~

~~~~~~DISCUSSED THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, AND HE WAS FOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMMEDIATE RATl~ICATION (FOOTNOTE: SEE WM MARTIN VA MAG OF HIST VOL 8~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 359) HE WAS ALSO A MEMBER OF K THE FAYETTEVILLE CONVENTION WHEN N.C.~~~~~~

~~~~~~ADOPTED THE CONSTITUTION IN 1789. FOLLOW I NG HIS SER VI CE WI TH Tl-IE NoRTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAROLINA LEGISLATURE ~ROM 1784 TO 1789, HE WAS IN THE VA LE~ISLATURE FROM~~~~~~

~~~~~~1791 TO 1799 WHEN HE REYUSEO FURTHER ELECTION 0~ ACCGUNT OF AGE. REDO, WHO~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS IN THE VA LEGISLATURE WITH HIM 3 TIMES, SAID, ''CAPT MARTIN WAS ELECTED~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEVERAL YEARS A~TERWAROS AND IN FACT HE WAS ELECTED WHENEVER HE OFFERED~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS SERVICES."(SEE JOHN REDD, VA MAG OF HIST VOL 7 P I t7) HE WAS MR.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MADISON 1 S RIC.HT ARM" IN THE FAM0US VA RESOLUTIONS OF 1798 ANO 1799.~~~~~~

~~~~~~(SEE WM MARTIN VA MAG OF HIST V 8 P 359}.~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING MARTtN 1 S LATE YEARS IN PUBLIC LIFE HE WAS CALLEO T0 ACT~~~~~~

~~~~~~UPOII VAR I OUS COMM ISSI ONS WHICH HAD To DO WI 1H THE O IFF IC ULT BUS I NESS CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTABLISHING STATE BOUNDARIES. KV AND VA WERE IN DISAGREEMENT ABOUT THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~BOUNDARY ANO IN 1795 COMMISSIONS WERE APPOINTED ~UR ITS DETERMINATION.~~~~~~

ON THIS COMMISSION FOR KY WERE JOHN COBURN, ROBERT JOHNSON ANO 8UCHKNER THRUSTON• AND ~CR VA ARCHIBALD STUART, CREEK TAYLOR A~O JoSEP"H MARTIN) (SE~-WM-MA~~+M-(SEE JoSE~H MARTIN JR,0RAPFR MANU.3XXl3 P 1-3 PAGE 241 g_u_QTES fRQ.M_11:!.E_FtLSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY voL 10, No a

~~~~~~THE TENN AND V1,. BOUNDARY WAS ALSO UNCERTAIN. NC ANO VA. HAD NOT BEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABLE TO SETTLE IT WHILE TENN WAS PART CF N.C. IN 1790 MARTIN GOT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~VA ASSEMBLY TO REFER IT TO A COMMITTEE BUT HE CCULD NEVER SET THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMMITTEE TO MEET AND NOTHING CAME CF IT. IN 1802 A COMMISSION WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~APPOINTED CONSISTING OF JOSEPH MARTIN, CREED TAYLOR AND PETER JOHNSTON~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR VA, ANO JOHN SEVIRR , MoSES FISH ANO GE)RGE RUTLEDGE FOR TENN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEY SUCCEEDED IN GETTlNG PERFECTED AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE RIVAL CLAIMS~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH RAN THE LINE WESTWARD TO THE TOP OP' CUMBERLAND MOUNTAIN. 1 AS REDO~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAYS, ''THE LINE THE CCMMISSION RAN COMMENCEO IN THE OLO CUMOERLANO GAP~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON A TREE WHICH KY CORNERED, WHICH TREE WAS THE CORNER TREE fl/ KY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~NC AND VA (SSE JOHN REDO, V" MAG 0F HIST VOL 7 P I 17}~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE STATES ACCEPTED 11i IS IN 1803, AND IT HAS St NCE BEEN THE BOUNDARY•~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN 1 S SERVICE ON THE COMMISSION TO SETTLE THE BOUNOARV BETWEEN~~~~~~

~~~~~~VIRGINIA ANO TENNESSEE• FROM WHICH HE RETIRED IN t803, WAS HIS LAST~~~~~~

~~~~~~OFFICIAL POSITION. AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF THIS SERVICE HE REMOVED~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS RESIDENCE FROM SMITH RIVER TO LEATHERWOOD CREEK IN HENRV CJUNTY (VA)~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND DEVOTED HIMSELF TO HIS PRIVATE AFFAIRS. HE HAD ACCUMMULATEO A~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONSIDERABLE ESTATE X IN VA ANO TENN• ANO HAD REAREO A LARGE FAMILY,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HERE HE LIVED THE LIFE OF A PROSPEROUS VA LAND-OWNER. IN THE SUM-~~~~~~

~~~~~~MER OF 1808 HE MADE A LONG JOURNEY TO THE WEST UPON PRIVATE BUSINESS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~DURING WHICH HE RETURNED TO MANY OF THE SCENES CF HIS EARLY ACTIVITIES~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND VI SI TEO HIS CHEROKEE FR I ENDS. HE NO LONGER HAO HIS OLD ENDURANC £,~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND HE Rf!TURNEO HOME GREATLY ~ATIGURED av THE JOURNEY. WHETHER AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~A RESULT OF IT• AS HIS SON WILLI AM INTI MATES, OR NOT , HE DIED OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~PARALYSIS ON MIS ESTATE IN HENRY COUNTY ON DECEMBER 18, 1808 AT THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AGE OF 68." (FvOTNOTE: 34; JOS!:PH MARTIN JR .ORA PER MAN USC RI PTS ,3XX I 3,Pl)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS INCOMPLETE ACCOUNT OF MARTIN'S ACTIVITIES SHOWS THE EXTE~T~~~~~~

~~~~~~._. AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HIS SER,;ICES ON THE WESTERN BORDER. HIS CAREER PAGE 242~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS O~E OF REMARKABLE ACTIVITY AND GREAT IMPORTANCE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~AS GIBSON SAID OF 8ELISARIUS• MARTIN, "ATTRACTED ANO SATISFIED THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~£YES OF THE PEOPLE." IN HIS EARLY YE~RS H£ MUST HAVE BEEN A FINE FIGURE~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF A F~ONTIERSMAN, TALL, LEAN, ~UIET, ATHLETIC, VIGOROUS ANO POWERFUL.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE WAS SIX FEET FALL AND WEl~HED 200 POUNDS IN HIS MATURITY. HIS SON~~~~~~

~~~~~~GIVES A PICTURE OF HIM ON HIS RETURN WITH -n.E TROOPS FROM THE CHICKASAW~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAR, WHEN HE WAS FORTY-ONE VEARS OLD, 11MY FATHER 1 S APPEARANCE ON THEIR~~~~~~

~~~~~~RETURN, ALTHOUGH MORE THAN SIXTY YEARS AGO, IS NOW VIVIDLY aE,oRE MY EVES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIS FINE MANLY FORM--HIS HUNWING SHIRT AND LEATHER LEGGINS--HIS LARGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~(ILLEGIBLE} SWORD ANO PISTOLS, AND MOUNTED ON ONE OF THE ~INEST GELDINGS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FOR THE OCCASION I EVER SAW ••• • HIS CORPS DID MOST OF THE KILLING. 11 3~ (SEE FOOTNOTE: DRAPER MANUSCRIPTS, 3XX4, PP 4, AND 5). HIS MANNERS- WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EASY, ANO HE WAS SOCIABLE AND AFFABLE, OR DIGNIFIED, RESERVED AND COMMAND•~~~~~~

~~~~~~ING 9 AS CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTED HIM. HIS SON SAYS, "ALTHOUGH MANY VE1.RS ., OF HIS AFTERLIFE ASSOCIATED HIM WITH MEN OF FASHION ANO REFINEMENT, ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~ALTHOUGH HE WAS FOND OF FIN£ CLOTHES AND DRESSED NEATLY, YET HE BEV£R~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHANGED THE FASYION OF HIS DRESS, BUT TENASlvUSLY ADHERED TO THE SMALL~~~~~~

~~~~~~CLOTHES, PANTS SHORT AND KNEE BUCKLES, WIOE-BACKED STRA IGHT-BR£ASTEO COAT,~~~~~~

~~~~~~SKIRTED VEST AND NECK-STOCK Wint THE BUCKLE.n HIS SON C0NTINUES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~"INCEEO HE HAO IN HIS COMPOSITION A GOOD DEAL OF THE OLD ENGLl9i~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARISTOCRACY WHICH W0ULO OCCASIONALLY LEAK OUT ANO PRIDED HIMSELF MUCH ON~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEING A SAXON."~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARTIN 1 S STANO INC. ON THE S,:.,UTHWESTERN BORDER WAS INDICATED BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE COMMANDING POSITION WHICH HE HELO THER~ FOR 30 YEARS, BY THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH HE WAS CONTINUALLY CALLED UPON TO ASSUM£;~~~~~~

~~~~~~BY THE CONFIDENCE THAT WAS ~IV£N HIM ■ BY SUCH MEN AS GOEVERNOR PATRICK~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENRY, GOVERNOR BENJAMIN HARRISON, GOVERNOR HENRY LE£ ANO Gcv£RNjR~~~~~~

EOUUNO RANDOLPH OF VtR<;INIA• GOVERNOR RICHARD CASWELL AND GOVERNOR ,. ALE~ANDER MARTIN OF NoRTH CAROLINA; BY HIS ASSOCIATION IN RESPONSIBILITV iUQ.11S_ E,RQ_M_T.!j_E FILS)N CLUB HISTORY Q.UARTER..Y VOL 10 4f2. PAGE 243

~~~~~~\VI TI-I ALL OF' THE LEADERS OF HIS TIME, WITH SUCH MEN AS RICHARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~HENDERSON, WM PRESTON, JOHN ANL, R~BERT SEVIER, JCHN DvNELSON, JAMES~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAMPBELL. BUT THE GREATEST TRIBUTE TO MARTIN IS SHOWN IN THE HIGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~ESTEEM IN WHICH HE WAS HELO THROUGHOUT HIS LONG CAREER BY TH~SE JUSTLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~SKEPT'ICAL AND SORELY TRIED CRITICS, THE CHERCKEE INOIANS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN FIGHTER AND INOIAN FRIEND, WARRIOR ANO PEACE-MAKER, BORDER~~~~~~

~~~~~~LEADER AND VIRGINIA PLANTER, STATESMAN AND MAN OF AFFAIRS, ADVOCATE AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARBITRATOR, HE WAS A REMARKABLE AND ADMIRABLE COMBINATSON. MARTIN WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE MOST 1MPORTANT INFLUENCE IN MAINTAINING PEACEFUL RELATIONS WITH THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIANS FRvM THE 0£GINNING TO THE COMPLalON OF THE EARLY SETTLEMENTS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE SuUTHWESTERN OORDER. FROM 1775 Tc 1790 HE, CF ALL MEN, HELD TH£~~~~~~

~~~~~~I ND I ANS TH~RE IN RESTRAINT. IT WAS THE QREATEST SERVI CE TH~T "~ ca ULD~~~~~~

~~~~~~BE P~RFORMF.D PERFORMED FOR THE PEOPLE OF TH.AT TERRITC.!RY, AND GlVi:S HIM~~~~~~

~~~~~~VALID CLAIM TO OE REGARDED AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT, IF' No1· T~E: MOST~~~~~~

~~~~~~IMPORTANT, FIGURE IN ITS HISTORY. GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN DE~~RVES T: BE~~~~~~

REMEMDERED. BRIT!Slt EXPIRE BEFORE '!BE Al,IPB.l[CAJI REVOLUTION VOLUME 9 TITLE OF BOOK 11 THE TRIUMPHANT EMPIRE11 NBW RESPONSIBILITIES WITHIN THE ENIARGED EMPIRE 1763 -1766 The other volumes in this series are entiled as tollows: Volume I Great B~~ 1tlin and I,,.eland, Volume II The Southern Plantations Volume III The Northam Plantations IV Zones of International Friction, North America, south of the Great Lakes Region 1743 to 1754 V Zones of Int er national Friction, the great lakes frontier, Canada, the west indias, India 1748 to 1754 VI The Great War tor the Empire, the years of defeat 1754 to 175'7 VII The Great-_war for the Empire, the victorious year 1758 to 1760 VIII The great war for the empire, the culmin~tion 1760 to 1763 IX the Triumphant Empire, New Respons1b111tieR within the enlarged Empire 1763 tc 1766 -----~--Index to Attacullaculla or Little Carpenter in Vol 9 pages 56, 61, 62, 64-65, 66,-72 75 79-82-84-85-86 ---CHOTE: Cherokee stronghold on the Little Tonnessee, page 58 OUcohnostatah pretends an expedit~on with warriors of, page 75 assault on F rt Loudoun planned, p 75, the terms of the capitulation_invofving F0rt Loudo"'111 agreed upon p77-78 Fort Prince G orge was on the KeoVt~ee 8cuth Carolina. the construction of~it in 1753, page 57, commanded by Coytmore pe.ge 52 traders fiee to for protection pag0 62, Gov L,ttleton enters into a treaty with indians page 65, FOR IN~ORMATION Of' THE R~AD!R OONC£RNING CREEK INDIANS THERE

~~~~~~11 tUITE AN EXTENSIVE L.IST OF THE CREEK INDl-ANS OF THE UN~TEO STATES~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN SENAT£ DOCUMENT. CONCERNIMG "lNDIAJ\J R9.110VAL" - SEE 23RD CONGttSS~~~~~~

~~~~~~FIRST StSSION No. 247.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Q.UOTATIONS FROM VOLUME No 16 CHRONICLES OF OKLAHOWA, PAGE 5~~~~~~

~~~~~~"OcONOSTOTA THE GREAT CHEROKEE WAR CHIEF WAS JUST COMING INTO PROMINENCE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE DID NOT ACCOMPANY THE DELEGATION TO ENGLAND, BUT HIS BROTHER K!TEGtSKA~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH£ PRIN~E, WAS ONE Of'· TH E V I S I TI NC. CH I EF-S AN D $POKE F {' R TH~ I N fH ANS~~~~~~

~~~~~~BEFORE THE KING. HE LATER ATTAINED CONSIO£RABL£ PROMINENCE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~MOST IMPORTANT OF· THE SEVEN, HOWEVER WAS:~~~~~~

~~~~~~OUKOU-NAKA J WHO WA s LATER TO BE KNOWN AS~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTA-CULLA-CULLA, OR THE {LITTLE CARPENT~R)~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE OF· THE GREATEST CHEROKEE TO EV£R LIVE. HE BECAME PEACE CHIEF OF -i):E~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE NATION, ASSOCIATED., WITH OCONOSTOTA AS WAR CHIEF,.(SEE CUMMINGS,~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOURNAL, REPUBLISHED IN WILLIAt-.-·iS, 11EARLV TRAVELS IN THE TENNESSEE COUNTRY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~----FULL PROCEEDINQS AT GLEN 1 S TREATV ARE GIVEN IN SOUTH CAROLINA PUBLIC~~~~~~

~~~~~~REC OROS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN NO 40 PART t HANO 8 OK OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~Af,/ERICAN INOIAN LANGUAGE BY FRANK BOAS • THERE IS NO CALL NUMBER BUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRINTED BY GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE IN 1911, AND NOW SEEMS TO BE OUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF PRINT, WHICH GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, DISCOVERIES~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF AMERICAM AND 5~8 ABOUT THE DIFFERENT OR DIFFERENCE IN INDIANS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~---BooKS IN THE INDJAN OFFICE ROOM NO 11-K, AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES~~~~~~

~~~~~~CALL NUMBERS 2. I. EE, LETTERS FROM WAR DEPARTMENT ABOUT TH~ REMOVALS OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEES No 32 OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9EPTEMB!R 1831 TO 1834, DECEMBER~~~~~~

~~~~~~--- coPtES OF INC0MING OF CHERJKEE REMOVALS LIST. ------A~D THERE IS A LARGE BOOK 11 EMIC.RATI ON OF THE CHERGKt! ' - AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~I INTEND TO ASK LIBRARiAN AT ARCHIVES A30UT POOR! 1 S LIST NAt-CY WARD RECORDS; _ _.. • ._..,..._ ..... ~i-.,~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE CONTRACTORS LEDGER 1829 TJ 1834 NO 33, NEW AGENT AT tRKANS~S~~~~~~

~~~~~~--• bvCK OF PRoPERT, LEFT ev INDIANS IN CASS COUrfTY GECRGIA, I\GE!'rf - No BcoK Nu 34.~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE ENROLLMENT ~RKANSAS 1828, ( 1828) No 36 REMOVAL, CHERo KEF.:' WHO HAVE~~~~~~

ENROLLED FROM GEOR~IA. No ~, I 838 OR I GI NAL RETURNS OF THE PRO PERTV FOR GEC:RG l A COUNTIES OF CHEROKEE ALA&AMA 1838 ORIGINAL RETURNS OF THE PROPERTY FOR GEOPGlt COUNTIES uF Coas, GILMER, FL~vo, PAULOING,WALK!R ANO ft1UNDAY, ANO UNION COUNTIES OF GEORGIA

~~~~~~ANO BRADLEY AND HAM 1L TON COUNTY TENNESSEE No 37. THESE CONSIST OF \V~L, T~~~~~~

~~~~~~WAS L£FT IN THAT CJUNTV TO StLL•~~~~~~

~~~~~~...... __._,.....,__,, ...... ,_ ...... _...... A BOOK WHICH THEY WILL LET ME HAV~ IN C£NTRAL SEARCH Roe~ 2.-1-Q C~~~OKEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~EMIGRANTS 1817 -1834 0. N0. 35~~~~~~

~~~~~~,I WM ANO MARV Dou~HERTY VOLUME I PA~E 4 ROBERT t PAGE 4~JAMES I PAGE 4 CHARL!S B~0K 6 PA.E 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~~EREMIAH HORN SQ:jK I PAE 4, MCINTOSH, JOHi'-. SR. I PAGE 4, WM ANO SAMUEL I PAGE 5 BOOK 5, PAGE 3, SOOK 4 PA~E I. DAVID A REECE 2 PAGE 2.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAMua. ADAIR ~ooK 6 PAGE 2. ------...... AND ISAAC $PRINQT0N VOL 2 P 2 AND VOL 3 P 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~EDLV $PRINGT0N 6 PAGE 2. BRYANT WARD VOL I PAGE I, P0LLY EI PAGE 2~~~~~~

~~~~~~..... - ......~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 2 600K ORIGINAL SPOILATION 8GOK~~~~~~

~~~~~~SPECIAL CHEROKEE, !:MIGRATION MUSTER ROLLS. t30GK IN GOOD CONDITION ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~I CAN GET IT .. )R SEARCH IN<. £VEN I NGS - C JNTA I NS REG I STER OF PE RSC NS 'Mi 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~OR WHICH CONTAINS HIWASSA 2- 1- K CH£RJKEE RESERVATION TREATY OF 1817~~~~~~

~~~~~~JULY 18 No I. IN THlS BOOK No 156 NANCY WARD, WITH SAM£ WCRDtNG AS IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PHOTOSTAT i HAVE COPIED IH THIS BJOK, EXCE~T SHE CALLI JENNY MCINTOSH~~~~~~

~~~~~~H~~ DAUGHT~R ANO IN PHOTOSTATS CA~LS MER GRAND OAUGH~£R. THE NUMBER IN NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE~~~~~~

~~~~~~Hl:R FAMILY WAS ONE. STATES ONt MILE IELOW JOHN MCINTOSH 1 S ON Mc:Jsr.. ,~EE~K~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHERE THE OLD TIIACE CROSSES SAID CREEK ,-ROM TELLICO BLO~K HC'U~,E., TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~HIWASSEE GARRISON, O!GIINIH~ AT TMt FORD ANO RUNNING DOWN SAID CR~~K F2R~~~~~~

~~~~~~COMPLIMENT AT THE SIDE; WHICH RESERVATION BY HER FC.iR OIVE'RS c.;,l't£!.?:, AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONS1 DERATt ONI Bt~UtATll;tD TJ M£R atLOVEO DAUQHTER JENNY Mc I NT:Jfl-1 .\ND TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~HER HEIRS YORSV!R WITNESS; JAS C WILLIAMS. ------1 ALL 18 I 7 No I 54 E&..1 lAU!lH WAL KE~ A tJ AT IV='. 5 IN~~~~~~

~AMILY, IN PUMPKIN TC;WN • L~TE IIESI DENT OF -• THE SUBJECT ::iF ~HIS aESERVATt~N WAS 01 SCUSSED IN THE PRESENCE o, GOVERNOR McKI NN vR Mc;M1 NH -- --- JOHN WALKER No 236, AT TH~ Mount OF' SCOTCH CREEK.

~~~~~~No 94 TRACT BRYANT WaR0 2 IN ~AMILY, CHATTAHOOCHEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~89 GtORGE WARD, MOU~ OF DEEP CREEK, 6 IN FAMILY~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ 88 JAMES WARD, 7 IN ,-AMILY, MOUTH OF DEEP CREEK~~~~~~

~~~~~~90 CATY WARD 3 IN FAMILV 1 CHATTAHOOCHA~~~~~~

~~~~~~96 ROBERT ADAIR, SAMUEL A0AIR, 97, CHEITATER WALER No 22~~~~~~

~~~~~~22 WAL~ER ADAIR, 6 IN FAMILY, EAST SIDE OF CHATAHOOCHA, l00 ACR£S, INCLUDES A LfNE KELA, ANO 540 WHER£ HE LIVES~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE FRONT PART OF THIS BOOK SHOWS DATE CF AUG 4, 1808 (I HAVE MADE A COMPLETE COPY OF THIS BOOK, WHICH I WILL SELL AT 10¢ PER PAGE, IF ANYONE WANTS TO 8UY IT~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 72 JAM!S DOHERTY JR, 9 lN FAMILY AT Hl~HTOWER~~~~~~

~~~~~~176 JOHN MARTIN IN RIGHT OF Wl~E, AT HIGHTOWEk~~~~~~

~~~~~~I 10 KATY H~RLIN, A NATIVE, I IN ,AMILV, AT PUMPKIN TOWN~~~~~~

~~~~~~ONE STATEM£NT IN ABOVE SOOK SHOWS SOUTH 8AN~ OF HIWASSEE, OPPOSITE THE A~~NCV ISLAND ON HIGHWASSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~48 DAVID TAYLOR, 2 IN FAMILY, Soun. SIOE or LITTLE TENN!SS~E ABOUT 12 ~;~~s BELOW MORGANTOWN.~~~~~~

f-'. ,\;., L , ~ i H AN NA H ND I 06 I h R I GHT OF THE I R CH I LD REN , 4 I N F AM I L V , ON,. Ht WAS SEE RI\£ R ------NANCY WARD RECCROS . PAGE 248 124 JOHN HARLIN IN RIQHT OF HIS WIFE, 4 ON LIT1L£ KIOKA, WEST SIOe 0F HIWASSl!E Ill VER IN ENROLLED FvR ARKA.NSAS

~~~~~~145 JOHN HILOEBIAN0 1 IN RIGHT OF HIS CHILDREN• 6 IN P'AMlt..V, MOUTH a:~ T:·1£ CREEK WHERE THE PUBLIC Ml~L STANOS, ON HIWASSE£ RI VER~~~~~~

~~~~~~I 819 IAM~ BOOK No I 60 BETIV McINTOSH IN II I GHT O_F HER CH I LOREN - 5 1 N~~~~~~

~~~~~~P'AMILY, ON MOUSE CREEK TO INCLUDE THE PLACE WHERE SHE.LIVES, 6 IN FA~llLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~(MIGHT HIE BEEN 8£TSY WARD MARTIN)~~~~~~

~~~~~~170 JAMES MCINTOSH A NATIVE OF ~W!~~WER C~EEK WijERE H£ NOW LIVES,~~~~~~

~~~~~~159 CHARLES MCINTOSH A NATI VE A8..1UT 3 .. M~LE~._(5_1~ FAMILY)~~~~~~

~~~~~~A NATI VE AB-UT 3 MILES FRC-M CAPT JuHN McINTOSH, ON PATH LEAD IN~ FRC1~ T'!r CH~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROK~E AGENCY TO TELLICO~~~~~~

~~~~~~273 BETSEY A WIDOW 18 IN FAMILY, HEAD WATERS OF TENNESS~t -- . . . ------...... -. BOOK No 2. 1- G -F. CHER:,K£E CLAIMS 1835 No 3 OFF'I CE JF INl;)IAN AFFAIRS~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAG~ 73 HANNAH HARLAN (OR PERRY) No 18 PRESENTS A .--(oR PERRY)~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 18, PRESENTS A SP91LATION CLAIM ~XTENDI_NG BOOK I 1814, 1819~~~~~~

~~~~~~------VOLIJ.1E I (BJCK IN ~000 CONDITION)MINUT£- OocK£T OF THE TRANSACTION~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS (4TH COMMISSION) UNDER THE TREATY OF DECEMBER WITH 29, 1835, it(if THE CHER~KEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 716 OEcRE~, GE RGE WARD AND MARTIN Wt.RO, SONS OF SAMUEi. WARD, RESERVATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~No 92 ANO NOW ON THIS DAY IAME THE CLAIMANT av ATTORNEY AND THE BOARD~~~~~~

~~~~~~H AV ENG f'ULL V CONSIDER EO THE PAPERS SU BM ITTE:O TH AT IS TO SAY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~I • MEMO R I AL 2 • 2: OEPOSITI ON ~F THOMAS RAPER; I ADJUOGEO ANO DECREE THAT~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS Cl.AIM BE REJECTED FOR THE REASON ASSIGN~D IN THE CASE OF COLEECHA~~~~~~

~~~~~~DAUGHTER OF BETSY No 719 PAGE 45 OF THIS FAMILY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 443 SAME VOLUME (SE£ MY PHOTOSTAT DECEMBER 1847) DECREE No 767 OF WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~l HJV2 A PHOTOSTAT RESERVATION 156.~~~~~~

~~~~~~NAl'CY WARD'S HEIRS AND NOW ON THIS DAY CAME THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~" CL~l~~:.Nr'S r·y ATTORNEY AND THE BOARD HAVINQ FULLY CONSIDERE'O THE PAPERS~~~~~~

~~~~~~I; CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRY. ON THE DAV ADJUSTED ._.NAN:Y ... _,_, WARD .... _.._ RECORuS .....~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND DECREE AS FOLLOWS; THERE IS NO EVIDENCE ,ILED IN THIS CASE kT A cE1tT1,1cATE OF RESERVATION. ON EXAMINING THE BOOKS AT HIS ASCETT"";,:!N~;)~~~~~~

~~~~~~THAT THIS CASE WAS INVESTIGATED AND REJECTED SY THE Fl RST COMMI s~.: u~·r~,~~~~~~

~~~~~~VI DE DECRE~ OF SA 10 BOARD No 36--- WE CANNOT REVERS! IT WI TH cu-:- A~Y~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRIE~ OR ARC.UMENT TO JU&TIFV US IN So DOINC.. THIS CLAIM IS TH£R~F~RE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REJECT2D. ~------...... ~ BETSY MCINTOSH, DECREE No 39 rac.E PAGE 49 1 PAGE 54, 235.. 337~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOMN MARTIN 257, 283, 96- 108- 385~~~~~~

~~~~~~3~ AfiiD 89, dETSY McINTOSH, WE SHOULD ALLOW HER AND HER CH I 1. tR~N~~~~~~

~~~~~~~7,680.00 WHICH IS A SATIS,ACTION OF~ 640 ACRES ANO ON£ C, HER~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHILDREN WAS NAMED MARIA MULKEY FORMERLY MARIA MCINTOSH.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 237 BETSEY MCINTOSH, THERE IS AN AF,IOAVIT OF JOSEPH MIL'-IGH~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHO STATES THAT IN 1821, HE WAS TRAY!LING IN TENNESSEE ANO SPENT TH~~~~~~~

~~~~~~U1QHT AT HENRY MATLOCK$ WHO WAS WRJTING ON THE RESERVATION ALL OF SAID ., BETSY AND A CONVERSATION PASSED BETWEEN HIM AND MATLOCK, SAID MATLOCK~~~~~~

~~~~~~TOLD HIM TH£ IMPROVEMENT ON THE PLACE ATONCE MADE BY AN INDIAN NAMED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MCINTOSH WHOSE WIDOW ~ETSY CLAIMED AS A R!:SERVATI ON BUT THAT MATLOCK HAD~~~~~~

~~~~~~PURCHASEDIT OF THE STATE AT THE FIRST SALE I l82Q. THERE IS ALSO~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFFIDAVIT OF JOHN BRIDGES THE PRESENT CLERK OF McMINN COUNTY 1847.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGE 385 0~CREE 212 GEORQE WM M•RTIN, IMPROVEMENT 1847~~~~~~

~~~~~~---- PAGE 385.0ECREE 212 - TH IS DAY CAME- ON 0KOSH RI VER, NOW~~~~~~

~~~~~~POLK COUNTY TENNESSEE THE CLAIM ASKED FOR ~7.90 BRIEF FURNISHED IN THIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~CASE. THE CLAIM REJECTED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Ro011 5-W AT THE NATI ON A:. ARCH I \/ES~ CLA!M No 337r9, SEE ALSO~~~~~~

~~~~~~33720; 3372t, 33722, NANCY WARD, RESIDENCE o, REX TENNESSEE,~~~~~~

~~~~~~- REX IS IN MONROE COUNTY TENNESSEE, HAD 6 IN ,AMILY, REJECTED.~~~~~~

~~~~~~KJRKLANO CASE; SPECIAL COMMISSIONERS COURT o, CLAIMS NAN:Y WARD RECORDS~~~~~~

~~~~~~I FEEL THAT I OWE AN APPRECIATION TO PROF BERLIN BASH CHAPMAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~PHO PRJF£SS0R OF HISTORY vF OKLAHOMA, A• & M. C0~LEGE; PRESIDENT OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE PAYNE COUNTY, OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY; LIYE MEMBER OF OKLAHOMA~~~~~~

~~~~~~SoctETY FOR RE,ERRING ME TO VOLUME No 16 OF THE CHRONICLES OF OKLAHOM~~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHICH CONTAINS THE WRITINGS OF J.P. BROWN REGARDING THt INDIANS IN TENN,~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO ESPECIALLY THE REFERENCE TO ATTACULLACULLA, THE UNCLE OF NANCY WARD. ANO AI0UT THE CHEROKEES. OR. CHAPMAN HAS WRITTEN FOR MANV HISTORICAL MAGAZINES, ANC HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAN0£0 ME A BOOK WKICH HE HAO WRITTEN TO EXAMINE. TH£ TITLE OF SAME WAS~~~~~~

~~~~~~''THE FOUNDING (F STILLWATER OKLAH(JlA": CALL NUMBER AT TH£ ~ATI ONAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~AR c H I v ES I s "F. 7 04 S 85, C • 5.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE CHRONICLES OF 0KLAHOM~ STATES TO READ OtNWl00tE PAPERS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~FoR TR·JUBLES OF CHEROKEE IN VA 1758 SEE OI NWI 00 IE PA PERS, ANC CORRESPOND•~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENCE OF WASHINC.TON 8V SPARKS, CALANOER OF VA STATE PAPERS, ALSO SEE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SouTH CAROLINA PUBLIC RECORDS, INDt AN A,.FAIRS No 6 CUMINC. 1 S JOURNAL,~~~~~~

~~~~~~REPUBLISHED IN WILLIAMS, EARLY TRAVELS IN TENNESSEE COUNTRY.~~~~~~

~~~~~~FULL PROCEEDINGS AT GLEN'S TREATY ARE QIVEN IN SOUTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~PUBLIC RECORDS, ALSO SEE DRAPER VARIOUS MANUSCRIPTS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~N0RTH WEST PASSAQE BY KENNETH ROBERTS, ABCUT FoRT LOUDOUN.~~~~~~

A SEARCH OF THE BRITISH COLONIAL PAPERS AT LAWSCN McGtE LIBRARY KNOXVILLE T£NNESSEE ABCUT JOHN STUART'S AGENCY AND 8ULL 1 S TREATY WITH CHEROKEE, 1761 ALSO IN LAWSON McGEE LIBRARY, BRITISH COLONIAL PAPERS SoUTN CAROLINA JOURNAL t?6r.

~~~~~~THE "OLLOWI NG. REP'ERENC ES IN e:JoKS AT NAT I 0NAL ARCHIVES:~~~~~~

~~~~~~ABOUT ATTACULLACULLA REFERENCE IN VOLUME XV OF SOUTHERN COLONIAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRONTIER 1754 TO 1775 BY UNIVERSlTV OF MICH IIAN PR~SS "HISTORY AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~POLl~ICAL SCIENCE BY JOHN I RtCHARO ALDEN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~PAGES 40-ii 45, PAGE 62 SHOWS NJME OF BROTHER TO ATTACULLAOULLA~~~~~~

~~~~~~11 WHOSE NAM£ WAS 11WILLI NAWA • A GOOD MAP IN TH IS BOOK "SOUTHERN OEPARTM!:NT~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF INDIAN NATION WHICH IS IN A ~OLO!R IN THE BACK OF TH£ BOOK. __ .. ____ _,._.,_ .... _..,~~~~~~

~~~~~~A BOOK AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, ENTIT\.EO BRITISH ADMINISTRATION ------NANCY WARD RECORDS. OF SOUTHWEST INOl~NS 1756 To 1783, av H.L.SHAW. E 77 S 54 AT~~~~~~

~~~~~~C ONCRESS I ONAL 11 ALSO AT THE ARCHIVES.~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN BV STEPHEN WEEKS, SEE AMERICAN HISTORICAL~~~~~~

~~~~~~ASSOCIATtoN, ANNUAL REPORTS, 1893, 1894 PAGES 403 TO 477, CALL NUMB~fi~~~~~~

~~~~~~AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES,£ 72 A 68, WHICH GIVES CONs-lOERABLE INFORMATION~~~~~~

~~~~~~REGARDING GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN, THE SONIN-LAW OF NANCY WARD AND HIS~~~~~~

~~~~~~NUMEROUS FAM IL V.~~~~~~

~~~~~~,_ -- .... -. ,_,_ ._,_. - --IN A- -F0,1T NOTE -To PMILI P P. HAMER 1 S "FORT LOUDOUN IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE WAR 1758 TO 1'76t"-- ANC.LO-FRENCH RI VALRY IN THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY~~~~~~

~~~~~~1754-1757 NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW JULY 1925, WHICH IS ON THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NORTH CAROLI NA SHELF AT TH£ NATIONAL ARCH J VES, ARE A LOT OF GOOD~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN RECORDS OF TENNESSEE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~DEPOSITIONS TAKEN IN HALIFAX COUNTY JUNE I 1758 LACHLAN MACKINTOSH~~~~~~

~~~~~~T0 LYTTELTON, foRT PR• NCE GEORGE JUNE 5, 1758, GE(iRGE TURNER TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~LYTTELT;JN 7-2-1758 S0UTH CAROLINA INOIAN SOOK 6, PAGES 153,162, ABOUT~~~~~~

~~~~~~OLD HOP AND OTHERS TO LYTTEL TGN. 7-28-1758 THE LITTLE CARPENTER ~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ATTAC ULL AC ULLA To LYTTELTON, 7-29, 1758. LYTTELTON TO THE BOARD OF~~~~~~

~~~~~~TRADE, OCT 2, 1758 SOUTH CAROLINA PUBLIC RECORDS, 28, 86,87. 90-93~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOURNAL OF HOUSE OF BURGESS OF VA 1756 TO 1761, PAGE 6-8-10~~~~~~

~~~~~~---LYTTELTON TO THE HEADMEN ANO WARRIORS OF THE MIDDLE ANO LOWER~~~~~~

~~~~~~SETTLEMENTS, 9-26-1758 SOUTH CAROLINA PUBLIC RECORDS 28, 89-90~~~~~~

~~~~~~JOURNALS OF HOUSE OF BURGESSES 1758-1761 PAG£ 267 SoUTH CAROLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~~AZETT£, 4 -21 1759 EX~CUTIVE JOURNAL OF SC COUNCIL APR 17 18-2&~~~~~~

~~~~~~1759 s. C Pua REC _ROS, REC 28 P 138, 149, 190.~~~~~~

~~~~~~S.C. GAZETTE JUNE 9 IB 1759, LVTTELTON TO BOARD OF TRADE APR 14~~~~~~

~~~~~~1759 s.c Pus RECORDS • s. c. GAZETTE JUNE 9, 1759, LVTTELTuN TO BOARD OF~~~~~~

TRAr'E AtlR 14, 1759. SC Pue~ REC 28 177-185 PAUL DEMERE TO LVTTLET0N i.. r,Y 2 AND 12, COYTMORE TC LYTTELTON MAV 3 I NATHAN ALEXANDER TO LYTTLE TON ------NAN:Y WARD RECORDS PAGE 252 MAY 4, t759. T:) LVTTELTON JUNE 'i!T, 1759 S C PUBL R1!C..Jt0S 28 218, 225 ::-R

~~~~~~250, BOARD OF TRADE SEPT l PAUL 0£MERE T•j LVTTLETvWN 9-13 1759 S C~~~~~~

~~~~~~Pua RECJROS 28 226-228, 210 211 251 254. SC GAZETTE SE~T 22 1759~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRvM LONDON CHRONICLE, MARCH 6 1760~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE FOLLOWING COPIED FROM OICTIONARV OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY~~~~~~

~~~~~~C0NCERNING JAMES ADAIR, 1709-1783 PIONEER INDIAN TRADER - AUTH~R '.S ~AiD~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO HAVE BEEN BORN IN CoUNTV ANTRIM IRELAND,- THE OATES GIVEN ABOVE ~PE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MERELY CONJECTURAL • THE KNOWN FACTS OF HIS LIFE ARE FEW, GATHER F.O IN THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAIN FROM PERSONS, INCIDENTS NARRATED IN THE BvOK, THE HISTC1RV OF' THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AMERICAN INDIANS 1775 AND OCCASIONAL REFERENCES IN SOUTH CARvLINA~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHRONICALS, A RECENT BOOK "ADAIR HI SToRV ANO GENEALOQY 1924 PRI N:ED BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~J B ADAIR QIVES MANY BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS, PURPORTIN~ TO BE BASEj CN~~~~~~

~~~~~~FAMILY TRADITION, BUT ~EW OF THEM ARE VERIFtlBLE BY ANY AVAILABLE RECORDS.~~~~~~

~~~~~~HE WAS HIGHLY EDUCATED • BY 1735 HE HAD COME TO AMERICA, PROBA6LY F~i'FR-~~~~~~

~~~~~~ING AT THE PORT .. OF SOUTH C1'ROLtNA, At ~HARLES"toN • IN TH/.T YEAR HE~~~~~~

~~~~~~ENGAGED IN TRADE WI TH THE CATAWBA I ND I ANS Ai .. o CHEROKEES CONTI NU I NG WITH~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEM UNTIL 1744. HE THEN ESTABLISHED HIMSELF AMONG THE CHICASAWS WHOSE~~~~~~

~~~~~~VILLAGES WERE ON THE HEADWATERS OF THE YAZOO IN M1ss1ss1P~I, WH~RE YE~~~~~~

~~~~~~REMAINED FOR ABOUT SIX YEARS. 1751 HE REMOVED TO DISTRICT 96-, THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRESENT LAURENS COUNTY SuUTH CARGLINA AND RESUMED TRADE WITH THE CHEROKEES~~~~~~

~~~~~~- REMAINING THF.R:- UNTIL 1759. HE IS SAIO TO HAVE BEEN M~RRIEO ANO TO HAVE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAD SEVERAL CHILDREN AND ALSO To HAVE DIED IN NoR1H CAROLINA, SHORTLY~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFTFR THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION (REAOER LOOK TO SEE IF THE WILL M~DE IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WASHINGTCN Co TENNESSEE IS OF THE RIGHT DATE TO BE HIS WILL). - ·- -- - - ...... -- .. - SEE INOIAN BOOKS OF SOUTH CAROLINA VOLUME I I I, PAGES 14~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND 15 ABOUT ATTACULLACULLA, AND OLD HOP VOLUME 5 PAGES 224-231 (I 8 SC)~~~~~~

~~~~~~>:·**· SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL A1~D GENEALOGY MAGAZINE VOL 10, P 62-63 iS C H G M~~~~~~

~~~~~~LORD LOUDOUN IN NOR1H ArvER ICA (N8N HA VEN 1933 j ST1'NLEY r\,:. PARGELLIS AUTHOR NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 253 - A~~~~~~

~~~~~~A COMPILATION PREPARED 1764 BY JOHN STUART, BRITISH SUPT. OF INOIAN~~~~~~

~~~~~~AFFAIRS IN SouTHERN DISTRICT OF NoRTH AMERICA. ARE IN THOMAS GAFE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MANUSCRIPTS IN WM L CLEMENT LI BR ARY. ------~~~~~~

~~~~~~DINWIDDIE RECORDS, VOL 11 PAGE 538, 540, 543, 544, 548 ,553, AND VOL f~ P 6t2 PAGE 612~~~~~~

~~~~~~DINWIDDIE RECORD~ VOL I I PAGES 538, Tv 560 - VA HIST MAGAZINE~~~~~~

~~~~~~SouTH CAROLINA GAZETTE NOVEMBER 4, 1756.~~~~~~

~~~~~~quoTES FROM A STORY (NoT A PLAY)~~~~~~

~~~~~~WILD ROSE OF CHEROKEE OR NAf\CY WARD BY ELISHA STERLING KIND~~~~~~

~~~~~~PRINTED l895 CALL NUMBER AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS np Z 3, K 5822~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHOTA: IS A STRANGE NAME BUT Q.UEER AS IT MAY SuUNO IT HAS A HeAVF.~i.. '.'~~~~~~

~~~~~~MEANING IN CHERCKEE LANGUAGE. IT WAS AC ITV OF REFUGE - A TOWN WHER~ T;-;E~~~~~~

~~~~~~CHEROKEE MIGHT ESCAPE, - NOTHING COULD HARM THEM HERE- THIS .SEMITARITIE~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAVE LEAD SOME ENTHUSIASTS TO ENDEAVOR Tu TRACE THEtR-ORIGIN TC ON':: OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~TEN LOST TRIBES. THE HISTORY rF THE CHEROKEJ·NATION IS NOT- HERE. WE KN0W~~~~~~

~~~~~~NOTHING BUT THE SAO SWEE ST0RV OF 'THE '\a/lLO ROSE OF CHEROKEE".~~~~~~

~~~~~~HER LO>'E: HER liOODLINESS: HER VIRTUE AND BEAUTY~~~~~~

~~~~~~HER SORRO'~/S: HER GRIEFS AND DISMPPOlNTh'iENTS. OF THIS TRADITIONS WERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~WHISP£RED IN CUR EAP. AND WE MUST TELL IT TO THE VCUNG FOLKS 'MiO NOW LIV£ IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~THE liEAUTf FSJL COUNTRY WHEREIN ONCE REIGNED AS ~UEEN OF THE V/1 LO TR I BE CF~~~~~~

~~~~~~A PICTURE IN THIS BOOK OF FoRT PATRICK HENRY AT KINGSPORT ANO~~~~~~

~~~~~~RU I NS C-F TH~ CLO Kt NG I S Ml LL STATION TAVERN, OLD KI NGSP~T.~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEE OAfF 100. PAE 112 KIN~S MEADOWS- BRISTOL, LONG ISLAND FLATS, WHERE~~~~~~

~~~~~~MY Aft';,•:~·-;·,ps W!RE MARRIED, THEIR NAMES WERE EDWARD 'IIALKER SR, ANO MARIA JANE ... TYE $CN 0F J0HN WALKER WHO MAuE HIS WILL IN HrWKINS Co TENN~~~~~~

~~~~~~:.3:f:, .. NC II.A~ FC•RMERLV ..FROM Du?LIN Co NC ANC SHE WAS TH£ DAUGHTER CF NANCY WARD RECORDS 253 B~~~~~~

FREDERICK HORN OF SuLLIVAN Co TENN. (SUBSCRIBE NOW FOR VOLUME 2 OF NANCY--- WARD RECORDS. i S~NT TO FRANKLIN C,JUNTY GEl-RGIA F0R THE FOLLOWINCi RECORDS WHICH I TH I N K MI GHT BE nt E REC ORD S OF HUS 8 A ND OF NAN CV WAR 0 , OR THEY MA V NOT. You WILL NOTE THEY MENTION A SON JOHN WARD, AND ALSO MENTION A JOSEPH MARTIN. THIS JOSEPH COULD NOT BE THE GENERAL AS HE DIED 1808 IN HENRY C ":> VA , BUT MA V B £ N EAR REL ATl VE :

~~~~~~----THE WILL READS: STATE rs GEuRC.IA, FRANKLIN COUNlY~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE NAME OF Goo AMEN:~~~~~~

~~~~~~I, BRYANT WARD BEINQ OF SOUND & PERFECT MEMORY ANO CALLING TO MINO THrT~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAN WAS BORN TO DIE AND KNOWING THAT THE TIM£ WHEN IS UN&NOWN TO ALL, 00~~~~~~

~~~~~~MAKE ORDAIN ANO CONSTITUTE THIS TO BE MV LAST WILL ANO TESTAMENT IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~WRITtNG. FIRST OF ALL I W1LL THAT MV SOUL SHOULD RETURN TO THE ALMIGHTY~~~~~~

~~~~~~Goo WHO GAVE IT ME HOPIN~ FOR CHRIST SAKE HE WILL RECEIVE THE SAME AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~SEC ONDL V I WI LL AND BEQUEATH UY SOOY IN DECENT BUR I AL TO I TS MOTH ER~~~~~~

~~~~~~EARTH FR CM WHENCE i T WAS TA"EN AND AS TOUCH I NG SUCH WORLDLY GOODS, AS IT~~~~~~

~~~~~~HAS PLEASEO GOD TO BLESS ME WITH• t DISPOSE OF TH£ SAME IN TH£ MANNER AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~FJRM FO~LOWING (vtz): FIRST, I WILL AND BEQUEATH MV NEGRO WOMAN JEAN TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~MV BELOVED WIFE ANN WARD DURING HER NATURAL LIFE AND ALL HER DECEASE SHOULD~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAID NE~RO JEAN SURVIVE MY WILL IS THEN ANO IN TH~T CASE TH~T SHE THE SAID~~~~~~

~~~~~~NEGRO JEAN SHALL BELONG To MY NIECE, SUSANNAH WARD NOW SUSSANNAH ENGLAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THE HEIRS OF HER BODY AND NOT THERE FROM TO SE TAKEN.~~~~~~

~~~~~~2ND, i WILL AND SEQ.UEATH MV NEGR\,. BOY PROVIDENCE AT MY OECE.1SE TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRYANT WARD, MV NEPHEW BUT SH0ULO I DECEASE BEFORE MY NEPHEW AF~RESAID~~~~~~

~~~~~~ARRIVES TO THE AG~ OF 18 YEARS THEN ANO IN THAT CASE MY WILL IS THAT "n-fE~~~~~~

~~~~~~N~GRO B~F0RE NAMED REMAIN IN HANDS OF MY EXECUTORS HEREAFTER TO BE NAMED~~~~~~

~~~~~~UNT!t. MY SAID NEPHEW BRYANT WARD ARRIVES TO THE AGE OF 18 AFOR[S"ID AT WHICH~~~~~~

~~~~~~Tl ME HE MY CXEC UTOR S IS TO PUT MY NEPHEW IN POSSESS I ON OF SAi O NE'GRO •~~~~~~

~~~~~~WI LL 1\ND BEQ,UEATH MY SON SJMUEL WARD Ft VE 0CLLt.RS TO BE PAID BY~~~~~~

~~~~~~rt· ::::-'E:·;l'TOP.S OUT OF ANY MONEYES GOODS OR CHATTELS TH~T I MAY Bt IN~~~~~~

~~~~~~------~------NANCY WAHD RECORDS PAGE' 254~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSSESSION OF AT MV DECEASE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~4TH. I WILL AND BEQUEATH MY SON JOHN WARD FIVE DOLLARS TO 8£ PAID BY MY~~~~~~

~~~~~~EXECUTORS OUT OF ANY MONEYS GOODS OR CHATTELS THAT I MAY BE I~~~~~~~

~~~~~~POSSESSION OF AT MY DECEASE.~~~~~~

~~~~~~5TH. AND LASTLY I WILL JOSEPH MARTIN OF llilS COUNTY ON TUGALO RIVER TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~BE MV WHOLE AND SOLE EXECUTOR OF THIS MY LAST WILL ANO TESTAM~NT ANO HOPE~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND TRUST THAT HE WI LL FAITHFULLY EXECUTE THE SAME, AND I DO HER':BV~~~~~~

~~~~~~REVOKE ALL OTHER WILLS LEGACIES OR REQ.UESTS BY ME MADE ,No RA'Tl!="V f'.~D~~~~~~

~~~~~~CONFIRM THIS TO BE MY ONLY AND LAST WILL AND TESTf\MENT. IN 'n/lTNEfS~~~~~~

~~~~~~THEREFOR I HAVE HEREUNTO SET MV HAND AND AFFIXED MY SEAL TiilS 18TH DAY~~~~~~

~~~~~~OF AUGUST IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ( 815 •~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIGNED BRYANT (HIS X MARK}WARO StGH£0, SEALED AND eoNFIRMED {SEAL) IN PRESENCE- ANO ETC. N. DoBSON JOHN BRYON ANO GEORGE WARD. (SIGNED av MRS LISSIE M.CROW C C 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS WILL WAS TAKEN FROM THE MINUTES 0~ THE COURT OF ORDINARY DATED~~~~~~

~~~~~~MARCN 7 1 1814 THROUQH JULY 7 1823 ON PAGES 50-50A OF THE RECORDS OF FRANKLIN COUNTY GEORGIA•~~~~~~

~~~~~~SlGNEO MRS EDNA MANLEY PHILLIPS FRANKLIN COUNTY HISTORIAN. *** ******** ************** **** * LAND GRANTED TO BRYANT WARD SEPT8v1BER 21, 1785 BY GOVERNOR~~~~~~

~~~~~~JUNE 21, 1792, BRYANT WARD SOLS 100 ACRES OF LAND ON TUGALO RIVER~~~~~~

~~~~~~TO GEORQE RUSHIN FOR THE S.M OF 50 LBS, STERLING MONEY. PAGE 76 D~EO~~~~~~

~~~~~~eooK 11 FEB. 15, 1792 To Nov 4-, 1791~~~~~~

~~~~~~0ECEM8ER 16, 1793 BRYANT WARD SOLO TG ROBERT DUNCAN 20(; ACRES OF LAND~~~~~~

~~~~~~ON THE NORTH FoRK OF 8RCAD RIVER.~~~~~~

~~~~~~~ 1792 FEB 1ST. BRYANT WARD SOLO TO SAMUEL FULTON 900 ACRES ON THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~NORTH FoRK OF OCONEE Rt VER FOR THE SUM OF 50 LBS STERLING. PAGE 109 -----NAtCY WARD----- RECORDS ,.BouK ______H F•s_ 15, 1?92 TO NOVEMBER 4, 1793.~~~~~~

~~~~~~THIS INOENTLRE MADE ;,itiS 4TH JUN£ 1796 BETWEEN 8RVANT WARD,~~~~~~

~~~~~~SAMUEL WaRO AND ANN WaRO THE •• ,. Of' BIIYAN WaRD ALL OF TH£ COUNTV a,~~~~~~

~~~~~~FRANKLIN AND STATE o, GE~RQIA 0~ THE ONE PART AND JOSEPH BOX OF THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~STAff ANO COUNTY ,,oRESalD 0, THE OTHER PART.~~~~~~

~~~~~~Wa•o POR ANO •• THE CONSIDERATION o, THE IUM OF' THREE HUNtR~n POU~OS~~~~~~

~~~~~~STERLING TO THEM IN HAND Pato av TNE SAID JOSEPH Box •Ton 8~~0~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ANO av THESE PRESENTI OOTN QRANS BARGAIN SILL RELEASE AND co ·u=-t .l~.1 JNTO~~~~~~

~~~~~~TH£ •• ,o JosePM 801, MIi HEIRS ANO ASStQNS F'OR SVER ALL THtT '7RACT~~~~~~

~~~~~~08 PARC!~ OF LANO CONTalNINC TWO NVNOREO 8f ANO ONE HALF ACRES~~~~~~

~~~~~~II TU ATE LYING,, AND B!INC IN THE SAID COUNTY o, fRAN KLI N IN AND C,~ BOTH~~~~~~

~~~~~~SIDES OF' THE ~OAKS 0~ TME NORTH BRANCK 0, BR8A0 RIVER NEAR THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~CURRAHEe MOUNTAIN (81: THE SAME UOAE OR \.11S)~~~~~~

~~~~~~D aEGlNNING AT A POST OAK eoRNER TH!NCE N. 35 E 40 CH~IN TO~~~~~~

~~~~~~A aPANI SH OAK CORNER THENCI!: $. 55D £. 71 :T5 TO A CHESNUTT CORNE~ THENC !:~~~~~~

~~~~~~s. 35 V/ 40 CH At N To A POST OAIC TH ENCE N 55 W. 1, :75 T•:i THE aE; t NN t NQ~~~~~~

~~~~~~POST OA& CORNER ORIQINALLV QRANTl!:0 TO THE SAID BRYANT WARO THE 21ST~~~~~~

~~~~~~1185 AND VACANT ON ALL II SI o~s WHEN P'IRff~~~~~~

~~~~~~S~RYE¥!0, 8UY IAID GRANT IS ASSfQNED BY HIS EXCELLENCY 9AMU!L ELBtRT TH~~~~~~~

~~~~~~T'Hf:N GOVERNOR OF THE SAi O STATE OF GEORGI A• ANl lO HAVE/TO HOLO THE SAID TRACT ·JR PARCEL OF LAND AND StNf:UL.AR~~~~~~

~~~~~~TOGETHER WITH ALL THE RIGHTS MEMBERS ANO APPURTENANC~S THl!:REo, AND THE~~~~~~

~~~~~~R!:VERII ON AND REYER II ONI TH!:REO,. AND EVE RY PART A,10 Rl:V~RII ON AND~~~~~~

~~~~~~REVERSIONS 1'MEREOr AND ALL CLAIMS AND O!MANOS IN ANVWIIE APP!RTAININQ~~~~~~

~~~~~~OR BELONGING TO THE ONLY PROP~R USE BEN!~IT ANO BEHHALr 0~ TH~ SAIC NAf\CY WARD RECOR:>S PAGE 256 - --- ,_ -. JOSEPH Box, HI s HEIRS. EXECUTORS, ADMINI STRATGRS ANC- ASSIGNS F .. REVER~~~~~~

~~~~~~AND THEY THE SAi O BRYANT WARD, SAMUEL WARD ANO ANN W~RD THE Wt FE a:~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRYANT HAVE HEREUNTO SET OUR HANDS ANO AFFIXED OUR SEALS THE DAY Nil 0~~~~~~

~~~~~~YEAR FIRST ABOVE WRITTEN.~~~~~~

~~~~SIGNED SEALED ANO DELIVERED IN PRESENCE OF INTERLINED 6EFOR~ ASSIGNED HIS WITNESSES WERE BRYANT B WARD MARK (L .S.) JOHN ABELLE HER CHARLES TUTTV ANN Pa. WARD (LS) JOHN DAILEY MARK MAL, JONES~~~~

GEORGIA, FRANKLIN COUNTY PERSONALLY CAflAE 8£FoRE ME MAL JONES· A'NO· BElN; DULY' S-W-ORN s:Al·Ttf TH• T HE' SAW BRYANT Wt._RO ANO SM&UEL sa·~L SfGN ANO D£L1:ve:·R THE' rcREGOfN-, OEEO OF CONVEYANCE To JOSEPH Box FOR THE PURPOSE MtNTION£0 rN :H~ OEED. SWORN ANO SUBSCR 18£0 To THIS 20TH DAY OF OCTOBER l";Sd MAL Jor:5:S •.

~~~~~~Jo. SPARKS, J .-, • REcoROEO 2ND FEU 1799~~~~~~

THE ABOVE WR {TTEN OEEO WERE TAKEN ,R CM THE IIECOROS OF TH£ O!'!'F'I CE C'F THE CLERK OF THE SUPER I OR COURT, FRANKLIN COUNTY' otto BOOK ;f~q: PAGES· 164, 164-8, 165 SIGNED MRS EDNA MANLEY PHILLIPS FRANKLIN C :> HI ST~RI AN

~~~~~~SIGNED PATRIC I A AYER S, DEPUTY C s C. NANCY WARD RECORDS~~~~~~

~~~~~~IN THE BooK: HISTORY JF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS BY EMM£TT STARR PAGE 350~~~~~~

~~~~~~NtNCY WARD (OR GHIGAU) DESCENTAN~~ OF HER I GHIGAU KINGFISHER AND 6RYANT WA.RD~~~~~~

~~~~~~l 22 C l A THAR I NE KINQFISHER AND WHO MARRIED ( I } SAMUEL CANDY (2) JOHN WAL KER (3) ELLIS HARLAN 2 SON F l VE KI LL ER * C ATH ~ R I NE ( I SUPPOSE "KINGFISHER}~~~~~~

~~~~~~----ELIZABETH WARD MARRIED JOSEPH MARTIN (1} THE GENERAL -----HUGHES (2} 3 11 2 AND 1 SAMUEL CANDY, a1ZABETH WEST 1~~~~~~

~~~~~~2 J~HN WALKER TO ELIZABElH SEVIER NEE (LoWR~vt~~~~~~

~~~~~~3 JENN IE WALKER TiJ CHARLES f :;X, ._._,_.__ TA'. L ·.p ( TH E DAR PA PERS CF MRS • PH I L I PS SH OW S H I S N AME WAS CHARLES Fox TAYLOR}~~~~~~

~~~~~~/ ANO SHE MARR I ED S~CONO iE JOHN McINTOSH~~~~~~

(PROBABLY T},tlS JENNIE WALKER IS THE SAME WOMAN MENT 1 ~,,~::c .\S '41KR NIECE OF NANCY WARD) ...... - - ... 4. NANNI~ HARLAN MARRIED CALEB STARR 5 SALLIE HARLAN T~ ~. JOAB WEST 6 RU TH HARL AN Tu J OS EP H PH It.. I PS 7 ELIZABETH HARLAN TC PETER HILDEBRAND 8 3EGRGE HARLAN TO NANNIE SANDERS ANN!E MAY AND ELIZABE1li RILEY 9 EZEKIEL HARLAN TU HANNAH LEWIS 10 SUSANNAH HARLAN TO OTTERFIFIN 18 3 I I JAMES MARTIN ---2 NANNIE MARTIN TO Ml CHA EL Ht LDEBRAND 3 RACHEL Hue.HS Tu CHARLES ROGERS OLL IE CAN OV TO HARRY C uNRA D THOMAS C•NDV T8 SUSAN GRAVES CATHARINE GENTRY NEV DREW --- 3 GEJRGE WASH INGTC-N CANDY To ELIZABETH HUGHES BELL ANO Et_ I Z A E£ TH WE 8 C3 ER NEE WAT I E

~~~~~~4 SAMUEL CANOY 5 NANNIE CANOY Tv JJHN HISX HARLAN HEN RV '1l• C 008 NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 258~~~~~~

~~~~~~WALKER CANDY ANO MARV VIATI E AND EL IC K W AO AMS 4 I JOHN WAL KER TO EMILY ME IC. S ( I ) NANNIE 8USYHEAD (2) 3 I I 3 RtCHARC TAVLOlt TO ELLEN MC0AN IEL AND SUSIE FIELDS~~~~~~

2 Fox TAYLOR TO MARY VANN ANO LUCY 0TTERT I FLER 3 SUSAN TAYLOR TO SAMUEL PARKS - 4 NELLIE MclNTOSH TO JAMES McDANIEL AND ETC INDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE I ABELLE, JOHN 256 AG I N-A GI LI ( R I St NG FAWN 1 I OI ALLEN, JOHNSON 132

ACAi R • 30 ATKINS, EDMUND 64 11 HISTORY 252 A'GA~N-STA'TA I 17 ALFREY I I 6 AGI-GA-U-E (NANCY WARD 35, ALBERTY t SUSANl'• AH ALLEN, JOHNSON 133 ALBERTY, BUSHYHEAD, 20 ARMSTRONG, RouERT 144 ADAIR, 99-31-29 "BR.JTHERS o~ AL V ORO , C ~, I 84 EDWARD 29-30 -247 ARMSTRONG, ZELLA 145 JAMES 30-41-42, 12 12-31 -34 -252- 294 J 8 252 AMOAH 16 JuHN 29-200-8t AVERY, WA I GHTSTI LL 180 WM PENN 30 ARN-. ARNWINE CEMETARV 20- 13C

ARNWINE, OLLI£ 22 MARY 200 (\VAL KER) 22 ROBERT 257-247 CLARKE 200 ATTAC ULLAC ULLA, 1 ND IAN CH IE:!" UNCLE OF NAN C V V_/ i-. ~ C- l - 4-14-- _27--31-32.-3::.1 .. -27-~3·3- 41-43-149-35-39-58-~~- 'i?- H£BECC A E 200 71 -75-83-58-59-60-· ':.: ... r, ~ .::r-_ 73--83-60-73-76-38-SC .. Cj.1 . •,..,5 LETITIA 200 96-116-117-164-146--1~9-:~7-i49 150-151--172-182--187-18J JULlA 20C 205- t 93-207-206-21 0 -245-2E 1 202--210-211- 83-116- I 17 ~72 252 ( AL so SEE' l "LITTLE CA RP~~~TER" 250- J B 42 . SAMUEL 247 -246 Af\:Ek !CAL, 81 OGRA PHY? DI CT I ON.~RY QUOTES 186186-185 184, 183 SUSAN DREW 20 40

~~~~~~WALTER 8 I -247 AGENCY ISLAND 247 ASIA 122 & ALASKA -BEARING STRAIGH I 22 SKETCH AG I 'L l (~HE IS RI 5 ING I 00 AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN A N I -G I LAH I I 4 NO 40, BUREAU 245~~~~~~

~~~~~~AG 1-GA-U-E 2 AMER IC ,\N JND IANS 252 ALDEN, JOHN RICHARD 250 ,~ocoN~UIAN TRIBE 51 0R 57~~~~~~

AM~ERqT, ~ENERAL 63, 73 ~ 'R ~-;...I\·:. 3 , l C I 35- I 39 l. R •~ ~ ~ 3 r S.. MA Y S V I LL E 80 '' E11:qo,_LMENT 246 tR~~N5~S TERRITORY 190 NANCY WARD RECORDS INDEX {BELOVED WOMAN OF THE NATION, 35 AGI-GA-U-E BELOVED WOMAN 35 BLACKBURN, WaL TER NANCV VIARD AYERS, PATRICIA 256 BEDFORD 140

~~~~~~DOROTHY 141~~~~~~

FLORA 140 BAIRD, SABIE 141 FLOSSIE 141 135 JESSE C I 39 -140 -135 JESSE O OR C 141 -140 -136-135 BARKSDALE, MRS M~RY GE RGE 166 CLEMMIE t41 CATHARINE 141 ~ARTRAM, WM 41 -118- CLYDE 141 HIS TRAVELS -38 J .C • I 41 J. R. I 41 BALL, PLAY 32 JOHN 141 JOHN I JACK 141 EDWARD 141 BALDWIN, JAMES 136 GENE 141 RosERT 136 WALTER I 41 JOHN ~ 136 GERTRUDE 140 HOMER 140 BARTLEY, RACHAEL 199 SAR AH JANE 140 BAILEY, SARAH 170 JOHN W 139 BAILEY, PATSEY 171 J • WALTER 140 BAILY, JAMES 170 ✓ BAILEY, ~ENJ 17O-JACKS0N 170 BL.AND, RICHARD 90 ~AKER, CREEK 167 BLAIR, REV SAMUE'L JEFF ER SON : ,17 BAR~ES, JACOB 45 BEARD, JOHN CAPT · 167 NANCY LOUISA WALKER 137 BENGE, LUCY 102 BENGE, RHODA MRS 166 BLEDSOE, ANTHONY 180

BEAN, MRS 40-95-13 -188 BLOUNT COUNTY TENN 145 MRS WILLIAM 186-165-209 96, 9--4- - I I 5- WILLIAM 236 8E ~ N FAMILY 20 BLOODY FELLOW, 172 BENTON, TENN 5 BLOODY GROUf\O 149 BELL, LIEUTENANT 62 BOTETOURT, LORD, HONORABL£ RIGHT 89

blSHOP, GILBERT, REV 106-108 BOONE, 225 109- - Ill BOONE'S PATH 224 SI STER l I 0 BOONE 228 -213 Eow IN - I I I BOONESBQR) 228- MRS I I I 80~~ JOSEPH 256 -256- 00;:)wQRTH, MAR v 6 BIRD, COL0NEL 71 BRAINARD 102 MISSION SCHOOL BRADLEY COUNTY TEN~.ESSEE-137- BLACKBURN, 8ESS IE 140 135 -133--136-142-157--131-154- 143- 153--154--143-132--158-151-" BLA I R , C AR oL v N I 37 155 t NOEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS BRADDOCK, 83 CAFFEY, RACHEL 138 BRAME, NANC v M 200 BRADSHAW I I 4 CA SWELL, RI c HAR o, Go 'J 242- ! 38 BROWN, JACOB 177 CALENDAR, VA STATE PAP~RS 204-203 BRAN NOC K , EM I LY J I 34 202- 204-203

BROWN , ' s L I N E I 8 0 CANTON GA 202 204 203 -1, J92- BRO'NN, WANTS THIS BOOK HENRY BROWN 136 CANADY, JOHN W 155 J. p. 1-129 EDWARD 79 B8:KETT, CH"RL£S 145 NANCV 155 BLAIR?, Ro BERT C 94, JOHN 94 BRIDGES, JOHN 249 tiRADLEY CO TEN 1-. I 32-139 MARGARET 155

~~~~~~BUSHYHEAD, D. W. 81 WM L 155 tiULL I S TREATY· 250 BULL, WILLIAM 63 C ATH AR I NE I 32~~~~~~

GOVERNOR 67-57-76 CANADY OR CANDY, ~ATHARINE 132 BYRO, COLONEL 206 KATIE 132 BURK BELL, LUCIAN BURK 30 OR BURR SAMUEL 132 LUCIAN BURR BELL 30 EDWARD 79 BOCKMAN, EVA MARTIN 168 { SAMUEL ) I 68 CAYLOR, JAMES P 141

~~~~~~BUSH, CHARLES 47 FRANCIS 141~~~~~~

~~~~~~BUTLER, M1tr. MANN 228 ROBE RT 141~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAINE, NEW YORK 50~~~~~~

CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD 185 CANNON, BLAIR 137 ARTHUR 233-9-232-40 •243 ARCHUR LANO SPECULATION CARROLL, PEARL t39 33 "eHICASAW TREATIES 33 CARTER, JOHN I 78 TREATY OF HOPEWELL 33 C E 184 t86 EL l ZABETH 142-40-_ '!Ji LL I AM 45, C OLONEL-242 CARPENTER, MARTIN I 55 ROBERT 233, Col 242 -14 14 CAROLINE 155

~~~~~~.60H N 213 ANNA 155~~~~~~

~~~~~~CALOWELL, JOHN 89 INDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGr:: 3 --8~~~~~~

~~~~~~BRADLEY Co TENN 156 CAMPBELL, 233 CARTER'S VALLEY 177~~~~~~

~~~~~~BETSEY, 248 CREEK IND IA NS CF THf: U S f·45 BRO'NN , J P 250 CUWMING'S JOURNAL ?.50 BRYON, JOHN 254 A & M COLLEGE, PROFESSOR CHAPM~- BYRD, COLONEL 206 (CHA PMAN { OF u 250~~~~~~

BRITISH EMPIRE RBEB8RE THE COOK, OR Ah/'. ER I CA•" REVO • 244 COCKE, Wu 180 COYTMORE, 251 BOX, JOSEPH 256 CROW, LISSIE MRS 254 BULL, GOVERNOR 206, 73 CLAIBORNE CO TENN PROGRESS 51 BALL GROUND 193 OR 173

~~~~~~I NOEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS.~~~~~~

CANNON, GUILFORD 137 COBB, WM 204 CARMICHAEL, DANIEL 167 CAMERON, ALEXANDER 169-89 A V MRS I 68 181-187 JERRY 204 CART CARTER, LANDON 94 ~QM COBURN, JOHN 240 CARRINGTON, PAUL 202 COMBS, Jos EPH 171 COHUTTA GEORGIA 127 CHAMBERS, 140 EMMA 140 COOKE, VIM 178 ELTON 140 CONOSTOTA 88 FLOSSIE 140 COLL INS, PL!D<.£S ! 4; JESSIE 140 COOPER, D H 78 GERHARD 140 MABEL. 140 JEROME 140 GENERAL S 79 COYTMORE, CAPT 62-61 CHEROKEE WAR CH I EFS 34 MA I OEN 209 CRtTTINGTON, ALLY 17 C RI SP • EL I ZA BE -n.t I 45 CH t LLHO\VEY 32 CROCKE'rr, DAVY 193 OR 173 CLEMENT, WM L LIBRARY 253 CHISWEL.L, COLONEL 90 CLAIBORNE CO TENr-.J I 830 CENSUS CONTAINS BETTY WARD CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES &42 PAGE 195 I 33- I 41-I 35-I 37 - I 38 "CENSUS 52-22-7-196 197- 132-143-140-134--139-136 196-195-198 CHINISTA OF SUGAR TOWN 94 CLEVELAND TENN 166 CHANDLER, G I t 6 8ENJ 232 CHOTA; WAR WOMAN NANCY t8 " WM 45 CHOTA (TOWN OF} 208- 32 -245 CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS 2Z7 CHOUTEAU, ROSANA 6 CLINTON, HENRY SIR 231 CHlC KAMUNTA S, L S 94 CLMBERLAND RI VER 20-000,000 CH ICAMAGA 33 PAGE 150 CHOTA, WAR WOMAN OF 15 CWBERLANO GAP 241-177-197-234- CHOTE SPARED 4 224 -234-226- CHOTE COUNCIL 70 CLMMINGS, DUDLEY 140 CHOTE PRINCE OF 69 C Ll,1M I NG 1S JOURNAL 35-204 CHOTE 5-181-32-11-131 MARTHA 140 CHINISTA OF WATAUGAH 94 SIR ALEXANDER 204-211-210- CHIUISTA: CHIMISTA 90 :fl CHILES, SUSANNAH 217 C t..MBErtLAND MOUNTAINS 41-147 CH I LHOWEY 0~ CH I LHOWE 32 CUHTAHLATAH 14 CHAPIN, ELSIE 5 CHEULAH GOVERNOR 32 CUN, 0 • AH I 7 (NAME OF I NO I AN ) CETTACOE 32 CR- CHAPMAN, BERLIN BASH 250 COLLINS, WM BLACKBURN 141 (NOTEO HISTORY WRtTERJ BERMICE 14-1 COCNOSTOTA 203 CHAMBERS, JERRE 140 COHOON, CAPT 89 CHffiOKEE AGENCY To TELLICO 248 CORU~N, ~OHN 240 11 EMIGRANTS 246 co~:8, WM 204 CH I SOlf-_;1, CA i-'T t 67 P:-i AR AOC H 204 CLA l BORNE PRO GESS 51 SR AND JR 204 _,I NOEi .... _. ____TO NANCY __ WARD REC OROS DAIBEV (DAILEYj JOHN 256 0AU~H£RTV, Ez~KIEL 195, 86, cENJAMIN 145 DUNMORE, LORD 150 JAMES 195 DU~ORE'S WAR 33 0ARTMOUTH COLLEGE 100 DUKE OF MONTAGU 205 DARBY~ EPHRAIM 49 DAVIS, ALICE BROWN 6 OOCWENTS, ~UOTATIONS FROM HENRY 140 HOUSE #I 18, No 539 JOHN 140 ETHO"OGY BUREAU MARY RUTH 140 19TH REPORT 1898 PART I

TH DOCTOR 140 56TH CONGRESS 1 2ND SESSt ON DA'HAWA 12 1900 TO 1901 OR DUf\MORE, EARL OF 181 OA'NAWA 12 DOUGHERTY, VIM 246 DA ' NA ' C:aA I 2 MARV 246 DA 'NA 'SA 12 RoaERT 246 DEAN, CAL 1 16 JAMES 246 -247 DEM I BR I C.AOE 175 DOBS0NtRLNS 24B54 DECATUR Co TENN 31 DRAPER 250 DEMERE 208 -PAUL 25 -251 DREW, SUSANNA 20 (ADAIR) DEMERE, CAPT 70 -64 DUNCAN, ROBERT 254 0£.f✓ ITT, JOHN H 205 DINWIDDIE RECCRDS 253-250 0AUGHER1Y, JAMES 195-201, EZEKIEL t 95 BENJAMIN 145 EMPIRE, 244, (ENLARGED 1763-1766 ISAAC 201 EATON'S STATION 178 -179 HENRY 201 EATON'S STATION 44 LOUISA 201 EAGLE, GREAT 141 C AMME:LL 201 EADA C;R EADS, LUCY 6 NANCY 67 EATON, RACHEL C ARC.LI NE 20 LUCINDA 20& ECHOTA (TOWN} ( I NO I AN) GREAT W C 201 NANCY WARD LIVE'.O HERE 96-39 MR 86 35-187-15-164-65- 189-27 D 9J1ERE, CA PT 55 -64 ECHOTA, GRF AT, 1 N MoNR oE co, TE'NN DEWlTS 34 75-66-87PiGE 27 -164 DEER CLAN 8 -96 ELBERT, SAMUEL 254 DELA~VARE CH I EF l EGWAH I oR ECH'NAH I 38 0081 NS, Roa ERT t 16 EN8\.1Y MOUNTA I NS 32 DARTMOUTH, LoRo I 69 ESTATOE 59 DENN I SON, MRS BERT 21 EDWARDS, SARE ELIZABETH 168 DIXON, SPRINGS 45 -215 Luc I LE 168 DONELSON, JoH~ 234 EPPERSON, JOHN 155 DIGGS, DUDLEY 94 EL I ZABETH 155 DIAR JESSE M 155-152 DlAL, 114 SAR AH 155 ORA PER, LYMAN C DR 2 I 4 TAB I TH A I 55 216-242 215 -82-218 THOMAS J 52 DRA PER , I N G L Es 14 7 ELLIS, GOVERNOR 53-54 DEL 1-GATUS I 35 ETOWAH RI VER 165- DRAGGIN~ CANGE 150-8-132- EATON, J H 29 -2-203--149--44-141-188- ETCHOE 75, 66, 87 0UbOSE, AD t40- ENGLISH CAPT 219 J ~NE l 40 ENCY OF TUGALO 94( LS ) 0U80NSE, JANE 140 S: HOT A I 64 ( oR I TS AT I I 64 ) DUNN, WM 168 ETHNOLOGY BUREAU 19TH REPORT 166 0UNKARDS, 149-147 166-163 -95- " DUCKWORTH, L, J 16 ENGLAND, SUSANNAH 253 ~---,_INDEX ______TO _ NANCY WARD RECOROS PAGE 6 FOieAAN, MRS GRANT 167-130 FORT PATRICK HENRY 253 FOREMAN, MRS CAROLYN THOMAS 17-20-13-14- NOW KINGSPORT 253 14-15-16-18-19-11-8-9-7-21 -6 FORT PRIN~E GEOt-

FOX, SUSANNAH 17 FORTN ffi, Doc TOR I 16 FOREMAN, THOMAS 6 FRIEOENMAKER OR• 22 FULTON, SAMUEL 254 FRB.INGHUVSON, BERTHA (FARMER) 18-22 FRABJKUB c, FA 253 118- NANCY WARD'S STATUE STANDS FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES 6 AT THE HEAD OF GR~VE OF HER &FALLIN, Wu 2-8-44 MOTt£R MAG~IE FARMER FARRAR, Wu 202 FRANC IS I 15 F AWL I NG, ~VM 2 -5-8-202-t 32 FRANKS ,CHARLIE 155 F--- FRANKLIN STATE OF TENNESSEE 34-95 FILSON CluB Q,UARTERL Y "QUOTES" FRANKLIN CO GEORGIA 170 -256 212-217-219-221-223-226-222-228- 229-230-231 TO ~- 241. FISKE, JOHN 187

~~~~~~F~GUSON 232-232 COLONEL 231 Fa.KER, GROVER 141 FERRY, ASHLEY 76~~~~~~

~~~~~~GENT, JoHN v,,LLI AM 2ce~~~~~~

FARMER, MAGGIE 22 - GREAT 8 HIWASSE~ 38 &ERTHA ,.22 GLENN'S TREATY S C 245-250 FIELDS, NANCY & GEORGE t72- 17 FILSON 213 GATES: CORN EL t us 231 FILLAUER, ELIZABETH 129-129 GANO, MARGARET GANN 168 REGENT DAR OCOEE CHAPTER 129 GLASS? MARGARET 168 FIVEKILLER, 9 SON OF NANCV WARD · FISTOE 59 GHIGUA (BELOVED WOMAN)B-97 F I SH ER , OWEN I 57 GOLD, IN TEN,.ESSEE 95 MARTH A 157 DISCOVERY IN CHEROKEE COUNTY 117 FIVE KILLER 132 GOLDSMITH, OLIVER 211 FI SH, Mo SES 241 GLENN, GOVERNOR OF SC 35-37 FLINT SPRING(BRADLEYJCO 131-132 GILBEiT , ANN PUFFIN 168 139 ANO 142 GERMAIN, LORD GEORGE 185 FORT ~ CH I SEL 03-84-44- GEORGE , BUCHANNAN 136 FORT DOodS 37 GOODPASTURE, AV 204 206 FORT LOU:>ON, 72-83-84-87-35-38 GROUND HOG SAUSAGE 98 245- 55-32-204-208-201-34-131, t82 GRUBB, JOHN M 197 205,209-96-193-64-69-68--70-71 LYOISSEE 197 FI VE C I Vl LI ZED TR i BES 20 JAMES 197 FORT HILL CEMETEHY (BRADLEY CO JASPER 197 TEN:~ ESSEE) 132-142-143 MILLTON 197 FO~T CHARLeY 167 SARAH 197 FORT PICOLATA 184 SAMUEL 197 FORT PHUBNOME 205 GREAT Mt1 'NARR I ORS 207 GREAT HISASSIE 38 FORT PRl NGE GE0HGE 56-75-207- GATUNLATI &4 58-72-E9-70-71 GAGE, E THOMAS 180 FORT SAINT G~~RGE 87-86 GRANT, JAMES, GOVERNOR 186-182 FORT OUQU~Ni=- ~;5-54-85-172-83 186, 73 GRANT, COL 76-74-75 NANCY WARD RECORDS INOEX PAGE 7 _...._ --~--GRANT, GOVERNOR 164 GRAVES, SUSANNAH 45 HAINS, SAMUEL 154 GREAT ISLAND 204-32 HARRI SON, GOVERNOR 231-236 GRAINGER COUNTY TEN~ 20 HAYWOOD HISTORY 88 GREENE NE GENEKAL 231 HARLAN, 7 (HARLAN COUNTY KV) GR~E Co VA VILLAGE 51 HARLEY , Eo 142

GRIFFIN 1 JAMES 198 HAWKINS, BENJAM 18 163,193, HARLAN, CATY 17 JOHN 198 HAMr/ACK, DANIEL 42-45 C RI SSI E 198 HALF WAY TOWN 32 WM L 198 HAYWOCO HISTORV 87 GRAYSON, MAR~A~r 16a HARLIN, KATV RESERVE 8? GRUBB 194 HAMILlON, FREDERICK 68 DARIUS 19 H4M ILTON CO UNlY TEN~ U S CENSUS 162 JOHN 194 HAYWOOD, HISTORY -TENN &32 GRYMES, PHILIP 94 HAY'NOOO'S HISTORY qUOTEO 84-85-83-86-8? GLEN'S TREATY 35 "JOHN 87-40 -12 •ll-14-163-172 GRANT, COL 75 HAMORRAR, JNo 89 GUNTER, CAL DAN 116 HAMIL TON CO TENN OEEO BOOK 144 GOLD S£EK£RS I 61 HAMILTON Co TENN 1850 CENSUS 161 -t52 HARLAN, AARON t70 H,NDBOOK OF AMERICAN INOI Ai'JS t2 37 HA INEV, LUCY 99 HAMER. PHILIP M 185 HALL, JOHNSON 11 '7 HART, MARGARET 140 LARKIN 194 HARRIS, C J 81 HARRISON, BENJ 223 HARRIS, WALTER A 119 HARROllD, CHARLES C 119 HART, NATHANIEL 148

HARLAN, ELLIS 132 CATY 97-132-170 KATY 91-132-247 JOHN 248 LITTLE KIIKA 248 MARV 247 HANNAH 247 -248 HANG I NG MAW 167 HAML,·ER, PH IL IP 251 HILDEBRAND, JOHN 248-1 HIWASSEE 246 HEMP, WILD 14 HORN, 253 11 J£REMIAH 246 J.NQ~ lO_NAN:Y WARD RECORDS PAGE 8 HENDERSON, 203 REV AND MILO 100-113 226- 228 RICHARD HOYT, ARD REV 113 -100 -105 RICHARD 243- 148-225• 1aaeo2-22s-149--141-1so 106 VJ. 199 ESTHER 100-114-113 -106 Lucv M. 168 MI Lo I 05 - I 06 LVDIA LOWRV 106 HENRY COUNTY VA 216 -241 HENRY, JESSE I 09 -I 08 HORN, WM 152 JAMES 152 PATRICK 205-230 -229 GOVERNOR 231 •242

HEYJS, ELIZABETH 195 HUFFAKER, W F 137 HEISER, JAKE I 16 HIWASSEE GAKRISON 247 HARRISON, BENJAMIN Gov 242 VIRGINIA ANN 137 HEVWASSIE 90 -38 HUGHES, GREENBURV 162 HIWASSEE 38 -176 PURCHASE 5 HUGHS, DAVID 195 HUGHES 133 HILDEBRAND, MICHAEL 231-112-47 50- 149- E W 162 JAMES N I 62 JACK I -5 HI LO ESRA NT '5 MI LL I I I JOHN 162 SARAH 162 SALLY 45 HISKVTEEHEE 9 CABEL 162 MALI NOA I 62 DAVID 146 HILLSOOROUGH 184 LORD HUFFAKER, ROBERT I 37 ROBERT WATSON 137 HILLOEBR~NO ,JOHN W 201 WM FRANKLIN 137 H I CKS , CH I EF I 03 MARY I I 3•1 I 4 HUGHES, ARCHELUS 45 SAMUEL 144 NANCY 45 HARLIN, CATHARINE 97 DAVID 198 JANE 198 HOPPER, GRANNY 113 -98 EL 1 ZABE™ 198 Hooo, CAPT 219 RACH AL 21 HOSKINS, ALICE 138-137 NANCY 198 HOP, OLD 3598- SALLY I 6 HOSEY, R I 15 JASPER +4 198 HOPS.Val 206-18 -15 SUSANNAH 198 STEPHEN F 198 HOLT, MARGE I 41 LOUISANA 198 HORN, FREOER I CK 39 -253 HOUSTON, ROBERT 144 NEWTON 1·9,1. 198 HORN, MARIA JANE +iQ-39 HOUSTON , ROBERT 144 HOWE~ 185 HOWARD, IRENE 141 HOLLAND, LYDIA 145 HOSKINS, ALICE 137

~~~~~~HOLSTON RIVER 180- .a•• 44- 189--84- 207-~~~~~~

~~~~~~HOLSTON SEITLB1;ENT 228 234.-224-229-206-204 9 INDEX TO NANCY WARD 800K PAGE~~~~~~

INOIAN TREATIES VOLUME 7 PAGE 36 INDIAN BOOKS OF S C 252 INDIAN BRIGADE 81 ITSATI 164 I ND I AN REt1110 VAL 245 INOIANS 'ft/lHERE DID THEY COME FROM l NOAAN OFFICE RQ:_M 11-K :245 12 t AT NATIONAL ARCHIVES 245 ISLAND RIVER 84 I ND I AN: WHERE DID Tf-fEY COME RtVER OF ISLANDS 84 FROM 119

~~~~~~INGLES, ELIZAa~rH HAIRSTON 168 INDIAN AGENT FOR VA 213~~~~~~

~~~~~~INOIAN TERRITORY 81~~~~~~

~~~~~~INOIANS~ NAME OF THEM 93 SEE PlE 94~~~~~~

~~~~~~INOIAN WOMEN CHIEFS av -0-16 CAROLYN FOREMAN 12~~~~~~

~~~~~~I NO I AN F I aD 223~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIANS IN TENN 37~~~~~~

~~~~~~I SUND, LONG 230~~~~~~

~~~~~~INDIAN AF~AIRS, AMERICAN STATE PAPE RS 167~~~~~~

~~~~~~INOIANS-PALED 128~~~~~~

~~~~~~IROQ.UOIS, IND I ANS I 17~~~~~~

INOIANS, ANO HOW DID THEY ,ET H £ER E I I 7 -1 I 9 INDEX TO NAfCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 10 JAC~, P~TRtCK 172 JONES, CC 44--63-71--64-55-56-59 JONES, JOHN B 109 ; 62---60--61--56-58-75 -53-70 67-69--129 " BE~ 138 JONES, dURTON 138-139 LULA PEARL 141 JEFFORDS, ARCHIE 140 JONES, tiURTON 130 -20 -129 THOMAS H 155 DARRELL 140 LEMUEL 156 ABIGAIL 154 BENJAMIN F 154-155 JIMMULA, VIOLA 6 WM 8 I 39 'NM D I 39 JOHNSON, ROBERT 240 (1840)C JACK, JER£MI AH 9 -187- 87 JOHNSON COUNTY TENN 166 JACKSON? C B OR G 8 185 JEFFERSON, THOMAS 14 PETER 241 JACKSON, ANDREW 234 JOHNSTON, GENERAL 102 JOHNSON, 50 JONES, \VEATHERL V I 41 JUDO'S FRIEND 64-69 JOUR; .EYCAKE' CH Aft LES CH I£,. 21 DELAWARE CH1£F 21 JONES, MAL 256

JONES, HENRY ~EATHERLY 141 ALICE 138 N ANC V C ARROLL 140 STEPHEN C 156-152 THOMAS 152 NATHAN 154 VIOLET 154 JACK ., 154 JANE 154 HUMPHREY M 154 GEORGE E 154 JOSI AH i 54 CVNTH I A 156 HANSON 156 MYRA 156 EL,ZABETH 156-140 EGLESTINE 156 QU I NT I E I 56 WM 153 -157 NATHAN 152 MARTHARET 140 JiMES 140 WILSON 140 HENRY 140 BOBBY 140 WM D 135 JESSE F I 53 EL I ZABE:TH ANN 140 J ti.M e:s VI 135 -J 39 LILLIE 136 -143 ~AMES L 136 MAGGIE 140 WILSON J40 MARY 155 JAHUG:➔ 155 MARGARET 139,WM O 139 J ti.ME~ \jh-• I TE I 3 I l NOEX lO NANCY WARD RECORDS

~~~~~~KAW I ND I AN 2 I KINKEAD. ROBERT QUOTES FROM ON WILDERNESS Ro~o KAW INDIANS 6 147-140-148-149-150-151-152 KANAGATLCKCA 32 KIRTLEYS? 219 KANAGATU:KO 98 KINCHLO 113 Q 115-113~~~~~~

~~~~~~KEETON, PATSY 114 KILLER. FIVE I KERNESY, JAMES 135 FIVEKILLER KINGFISHER 8- KINGFI SHER, l 32 KEE-TOC-3HA-GI I 12 CATHA RI NE 8 KEOWEE, 76 -86 KILGORE, JENNIE 29~~~~~~

~~~~~~KEeNEE, LITTLE 64 KING'S tJOUNTAIN 232 -231~~~~~~

~~~~~~KING OF ENGLAND 37 KY CO UNTR·i 203 KINGSbURY• CYRUS 104 KY RIVER 150 KING, SAMUEL 152 20,000,0~0 ACRES LANO KENNEDY, VJM I 42 EL I I 52~~~~~~

KENJ\:EOY, ~ MAE I 42 KIN: AIO , CAMP 7 8 WM 135 JOHN ..., 142 KINALILAPS, 94 JUANITE 142 KlTTAKI SEA I -& KELLY I 15 KING OF ENGLAND 149 KEETON, Luc v t 14 KING'S MOUNTAIN 232 -228 JOHN S I 53 KEETON, NANCY 114 Klf'CAIO, MARTHA l 15

~~~~~~KEElON. NARCISSA 201 KILL:KILL 14 JOS~PH I 14 -I 13~~~~~~

KI TEG I SKA 34 , TH E PR I NC E 34 KENNEDY, MARV 8£LLE 142 KING'S MEADOWS 253 KEelEE TOWN 59 KEYATERY 90 (OLD) KING 1 S MtLL 249-253 KINGSPORT: FCRT PATRICK HENRY 253 KEYATOYS MARK 94 KIRKLAND CAS! 249 KING, ELISHA ST£RLINQ 253 tl~&fls~~. !t¥HARINE 97-1-35 FIVE KILLER 97 -8-132 CATHARINE 96-97-131 KITTAGUSTA +~ 94 -90

~~~~~~KANA SA TUG KOO KI NG 32 I NOEX TO NANCY VIARD RECORDS PAGE 12 LOONEY, PARKS 131 LATIMER, LEWIS 72 LOGAN, BESS R MRS 171~~~~~~

LABOUR, HARD 90 LOG~N, HISTORY OF UPf!RER SOUTH CAROLIN, CAROLI NA, VOLUME I • P •GE 38 LAURENCE OR LAURENS CO S C 43 LONGFELLO'N 9 LOONEY, ~ATHARINE 131 LAWSON, CAMPBELL 21 LOWRY, MAJOR GEORGE 106 "C ATH AR I NE I 3 I LACY, MAJOR 89 LOWRY, LYDIA 105 n PARKS 131 LADY'S ISLA ND I 84--182 LONGHAIRS 14

LEE, HENRY 242 LOWRY FAM I LY HI STORY I I 4 - I I 3 LEAR, 113 LEE, HENRY 240 GEORGE W I 54 LEAR I 15 LENN I NGWOOD, 1 N fv~OON EY 37 LOWERY, MAJOR 101-103- t04-9) GEORGE Vi/ I 54 LEWIS, TM N 51 ~AJOR 101-103-104, 99 LEN i'J I -LENNA PE l ABAM 159 LENAPE PEOPLE l ABRAHAM C I 54

~~~~~~LEAVES FROM F,-M ILY TREE 132 HENRY 156-194~~~~~~

~~~~~~,; LEA, JOHNM 188 JANE I 56~~~~~~

~~~~~~LI TTLE TENNESSEE RI VER 245 LUCY BENGE 105~~~~~~

~~~~~~LILLARD, WM COL 173 HARRI ET C 154~~~~~~

LITTLE OWL I LVOI A I 04-113 LITTLE CIRNPLANTEr< 39 -251-245 L I TTLE CA RPEr~ TfR 202-36-37 MA RV I 54- I 56 I 61 147-83-143-163-172-192-182 MARY D 154 LITTLE COf\NWLANTER 147-103 JAMES 154 34-42 4-43-149 JOHN H 154-152 LORD LONDON 252 EL I Z A BE TH H M I 54 LOVE, SARAH 144 SILAS 162 LONDON CHRONICLE 252 JAMES H 154 LONG 1SLAi\D 44-84-39-233.177-2&8-229-146 34-4-10-205-206--34-92-4-234 MARGAR£T 154 92- 230 LONG lSLA~D OF HOLSTON LONG I SL4N~ IN H0LSTO N RI VER 92 ELEANOR I 59 GREAT LC:JG I SL~ ND 178-189-205

CELAS 161 LONG I SLt. :'-!D OF r•;r.• .ST0 N 45 0RUCIL 161 LONG LOG~N J H ~-3 JOHN 202-161 INDEX TO NANCY WARD I RECORDS ------MclNTOSH, JENNY 24&AG£ IJ 246 -247 LOWERY OR LOWRY, '-IEM I MA l 61 JOHN 246-248- 247• THOMAS 154 BETSY 249- 248- TIMOTHY 154 MARIA 249 NANCY 204-200 CHARLES 248 WM I 59-160-154 JAMES 248 LACHLlN 251 LOONEY, ALEXANDER 156 OR LONEY 156 McMINN, 249 LOONEY, UNi 136 GOVERNOR 247-142 ABE 159 CLEMENTINE ?•RKS 136-135 MCDANIEL 98 139 Mee ORM ACK 207 JAMES I 35, I 56 MCGEE, LAWSON LIBRARY 250 JOHN f 56 MAC Kl NTO SH, LACHLAN 25t El.IL 136 t:MILV 156 A. MANLEY, EDNA 256 SAR AH A, I 56 MATLOCKS, HENRY £ 249 MARGARET 144 MARY I 36 MAR MA \V, HAN G I NG I 67 MOSES 159 SAMUEL 158 MARTIN, GEOR~E WM 249 VIDA 136 LOYAL LANO COMPANY 177 M~RTIN, BETTY WARD 248 LUCAS, SARAH 45 LOONEY. ABE 136 MARTIN, BRICE 33-46-141-114-234- LLCAS, SARAH,, 45 240-214 MART IN, GEN ER AL Jos EPH LITTLE OWL 5 30-114-240-214 238-240-11-2-31-29 LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER 4 33-10-159-227177-146-95-43-177 L~BERTY HILL T~NN 22 170-233--235-235-239-212 232 LITTLE FELLON &32 42,45,238,230,236,234 44-30-45 LILLARD, NANCY 144 34,33,213,212!168,205,239,216 LITTLETON GOVERNOR 85 97 -21 8-21 9-231 -229 , ·224, 21 7 , 239 , 226 , LILLARD, Rov OR RAY G 27 225,114,222,224,133,170,158,168 MR 46 254- 253-251- 233 LYTTLc!"'ON, GOVERNOR 56,58-182 MARTIN'S STATION 146-225,-224 53-57-59 -252--251-245 JOHN 2, 196 -247 -249 ':Jt LL r AM 63 JOHN H 196,228,227,225,226 WM H::'.NRY GOVERN OR 182 JOSEPH JR 240 SARAH LUCAS 45 MRS JOSEPH 45 DEMAI S I 98 RcsERT 198 ELIZAH 198 MATILDA 198 MRS 146, 172,30-194 ELI XANDER 231,242 MARTIN, SAMUEL 31 PATRICK 159 THOMAS i95,199,196,194 COLONEL 43 JAME S I 60 , I 62 , I 96 , JOHN A 196 J OH N I 58 , I 5 I , 30 ELIZABETH 42 ,45,196,118 _I NOEX... ._.._.,_ TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 14 MARTIN, BETSY 82 -32 McDANla, MATTHEW !57 PATIS~N 195 MCDANIEL 99-97-: 13 ANSON G 195 NANCY 196 SUSAN 196 ELIZABETH 197 NEWTON 196 JOHN 196-197 NANCY 195 THOMAS 196 POLLY 199 LEVENS 197 ANGELINE 199 MANERVA 197 EMALINE 199 LAMB M 197 MARGARET 199 VIM Q I 57 LEONIDAS 199 JUDI T-1 L 197 MARY 199, 197,196 GEJRGE C I 97 MARV LEW IS I I 3 MATILDA 196 KATIE I 13 WA0£ F 196 McCRADYt, Eow~PQ 185 LUCINDA 197 Ml DDLETON, C OL.Of.t~L 73 JOEL 194 McCRADV, EDWARD 185 HUGH 198 Ml ALAQ.UA 32 GEORGE MI LE C RE EK 32 SARAH 196-194-196 MEIGS, RETURN J 174 SALLY 45 166-144-167 PATSY 171 TtMOTHY :42 GEORGE 199 Mee L ELL EN , DAN IE L ·1 45 JACKSON 199 McKEMEY , JOHN 145 JAMES D l 98 ~-·iOONEY , 40 -13 JAMES M 196 19TH REP BA ,-E PART I ti.', AH AL AH I 96 JAMES 27-163,41-39- 38 191-166 POLLY 45 MAP OF CHEROKEE 80UNOARV 95 SAMUEL 146 MCGILLIVRAY 33 JONATHAN 158 MCINTOSH, JOHN 176,175,201 RHODA 198 LACHLAN 18 WM 226-222-221-223-226-225 So PH I A 20t 229-215-223 JASPER 20i WJLSON, 194-2& 6 NEWTON 201 WM 240,219,217 SuFFREONEY 201 WM H I 98, I 96, 199, MARY 201 237,236,234 MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE 27- lACHARI AH t 98 166-163 MAURY COUNTY TENr-JESSEE 160 MONROE CO TENN I 6Q-I 6& -27 -35 MA TTMiE'NS, SAMPSON 234 I 99 C ENS U 5 I 9 9 MARCY, I 67 MORGAN JR 176 IAAYER, 30 11 1812 WAR MAYES, SAMUEL a, GIDEON MORGAN JR 175 FAMILY 29-30-81 MONK 1 S CORNER 63 JOEL 6RVAN 29-41-78 MONTGOMERY, COLONEL 67-72-63 79-80-81-78 66 ANO 87 MOORE, JOHN TRoTwouo • 41 McDANIEl?3, ELIZA 197 MORRISON, CAPT 65 EL I ZABETH 197 MUNCEY, REUBEN 197 C A TH AR I N ! 98- MARV 197 ROB I I 3 JAMES 197 ALEXANOER I 13 NANCY 197 Ml LL.A 197 JOHN 197 LAURA 197 MARY 197 REBECCA 197 TAYLOR ! 97 KATIE 98 HENRY 197 J AM ES I 96-f 97 SAR AH I 97 £0WARO 197 PAGE 1 5 INDEX TO NAf£Y WARD RECORDS ltlAD I s:> N 240 JAMES 206 McDANIEL, SN~ UEL 158 MONTOUR, CATHARINE 6 WiARTI N, BETSY 2 MILLER, W O 29 BETTY WARD 133 SUSAN 136 ELIZABETH (BETTY WARD) 133 MONTAGUE, EDWARD 94 MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE BV JAMES MlSSINGILL, ELIZABETH 204 MOONEY 165 McDONALD, DAVID 50 MARTIN. GENERAL JOSEPH 77 MARSHALL, a~~s 135 MARTIN'S EXPEtlTION 221 MORRIS, ELLA 137 GEORGE Ii 161 Mooov, Oft 141 BRICE 45 MARRA, 1 I 6 MISSILE, GUIDED 51 Mo ORE, CL AUDE 1 63, I 36 MAURY co TENN 1820 CENSUS 151 Moss, SARAH CATH 168 MARTIN, G 34 SAUNDERS 168 JOSEPH 34 McCALPIN, R08£RT CAPT 173 MARTHA MARTIN, 45 -172 MARTIN, STEPHEN 172 JOSEPH 18 MORELOCK, ROBERT 138 MARTlN MANUSCRIPT 44 MOYTOG OR MOYTOY 31 MARV MARTIN, 153 MORELOCK, MARGARET 138 EL I ZABETH I 51 GEORGE 138 JESSE 158 WATSON 138 MAYES, JOSEL B I 59 LESTER I 38 MAW, BETTY 167 MORGAN, GIDEON 174 RUFUS 174 M)ONEV, JlUES 190 M:>WERY, STELLA 141 MYTHS OF TH.E CHEROKEE 64 I MOORE, JESSE R 20 MRS MORGAN, M MRS 17 ROBERT MARTIN, 158- M0RaOCK, OSCAR 138 SAMUEL I 58 WM 138 Su SANt-.AH 45 WM 133 PATSY I 71 MARGARET 136 PATRICK HEN RV 46 MARTIN, MOANING 172 McDANIEL, GREENBURY 152 WORGAN, COL 174 McDANIEL, CATHARINE 10 -2 HIS REGIMENT OF CHEROKEE INOIANS JNO 158 MORELOCK, MAURE 138 OY, A 17 Mee MEI GS , EM I L v I 44 MCINTOSH , JENNY 17 RETURN J. MEI GS 173 MARTIN, EL I 2A 6E TH 29 MCDANIEL, JOSEPH 158 MONROE CO TENN 189 CH AS 158 McMINN COUNTY TENN 200 MILLER, JOSEPH 249 U S CENSUS MULKEY, MARIA 249 MciNTOSH, JOHN 175 MOHR, W H 186 MARTIN, SUSANNA 172 THOMAS 172 WM 158 COL 'flM 45 TH 0MA5 195 M t SSOUR I , EL I Z A MRS 20 MARTIN, ISAAC ,53 JOHN 153 MILLER , MARSH 135 -139 W S 29 MI LLAQ. U')A 72 MILLER, LOONEY 139 E;:>r AP- r 39 PAGE (6 INDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS

NATCHEZ, 183 OSTENACO 210-210 cs NELSON, WM 94 OTASITE HEY WASSI E 94 NOLLINGHU:KY 9 C;UKOU-NAKA 34 NICHOLS, CARTER 94 OV~TCN, JOHN 195-194 JAMES 194- 196 NUTTALL TRAVELS BOOK 40 MARY 196 THOMAS 190 -17-2!7 21-27- GE0 RGE HARR IS 196 AL THOUGH 18 PETER RITCHIE 196 NurrALL 40 RACHEL 196 NOTTAWAGul, 181 i'EX TO '/IX NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 17 -PARKS-; Ew1 NC l 97 PHILLIPS, WM A 105-129 FANNEY 157 JAMES 140 FRANCIS 151 KI NQ PH I L I P 6 FRANKLIN 194- PITTSYLVANIA CO VA MILITIA 43 Ge:ORGE t 56-161 PIONEERS OF OLDS W VA 169 HARRIETT 155 POCAHONTAS 44 -46 HJ 143 OF TENN 46-169 JAMES H 197-J. I 197, ~UOTES FROM OLDS W VOL 18 JACOB 195 PAGE 169 JOHN J 61 , I 54, I 57, I 55, l 95 PIONEERS OF THE OLDS W VOL 18 JOHN W i ~~4 PA GE 169 JEFFERSON 156 POOL, GILBERT 145 LARKIH 155 LAVINA 156, POLK CO T~NN GRAVE OF NAf\CY WARD PAGE 216- ANO 47 LEV I l 62,194, I 95, I 98 20, Q 82 Lou I SA l 54 11 I 850 CENSUS I 30-143 Lou I SA C 154 HI ST0RI c AL Soc I ETY 27 LORINA 198 0 AR CHAPTER 129 MATILDA 155 POWELS VALLEY M A 143 236-205- 234 225 224-226-234 205,177 MARV 155-156-197 PRESTON, WM 243 MANDY 197 PRI BER 30 MARTHA 155-154-197 PRITCHETT, ELIZA MARTIN J68 MARTHA J 198 PUSEY, WM ALLEN.212 MARGARET I 56, I 55 PURKINS, MALINDA 45 MARTIN I 56 NANCY 156,tot ,196 PAYNE COUNTY OKLAHOMA 250 N~RCISSUS 156,197 PHILLIPS, MRS DAR P~PERS 154 NERVESTA 197 (DESCENDANT OF NANCY WARD) 0RPH'f 146-196 EDNA MANLEY MRS 254-256 POLLY 195 PE'AC E, 189 ( NA NC v) Rs CH ARO I 57 PERRY, HANNAH 248 Ro BERT I 54, I 57 -194 POLK CO TEr\!N 249 SAMUEL 160-157-151-131 PRESTON, WM 233 SAMUEL 154-196 SARAH I 55- I 61 Q.UOTES FROM TR I U\~PHANT 8.1P I RE 244 SUSANNAH 155-157 THE SOUTH~RN PLANTATIONS 244 SUSAN C 154 -197 ETHN,LO~V BUREAU No 539- 95 SIBA 157 19TH REPORT 1898 PART I, 95 S10JEY 157 CHATTANOOGA SUNDAV TtMES 138-135 S VI 143 AMALEE ~UARLES 137 S1 MP SON 198 TENNESSEE 197 RAVEN 132 ON WATAUGA 132 -141 VALZURV 196 RAMSEY 40 WASHINGTON I 54 RANDOLPH• PETER 94 WM 1 56 , I 97 , I 96 PATON 94 PEACE ADVOCATE I 89 RAPER, THOMAS 248 PETERS C HR I SOT PR ER 85 I REDDING, S~RAH 99 PEARIS, RICHARD 147 REECE, DAV Io 246 PEnRYK Roo It 5 REDOING, SARAH 113 PHILLIPS, LOULA PEARL JONES REDD 223 130 REX, 249 TENNESSEE 249 DAR PAPERS 132 , 131 ROBERTSON, JAMES 243, MA~KLEN 141 JOHN 41- 94 WALDON 141 ROYCE, 41 MADIN 141 ROSS, DANl£L 99 '-r'M r. , cs, 129 _____INDEX ..., __TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PA._.E 13 quoTES FROM VARIOUS BOOKS AND RECORDS: CHATTANOOGA SUNDAY TIMES 141- 0 I C TI ON AR Y OF A~ER I CA N 142-135-137-138-143-140- 8!0GRAPHY PAGE ~33, VnL 134-139-136-133-132- 19{XIX) ~y PAGE 189-~90

FILSON CLUB HI STORY QUARTERLY VOL 10 No 2 PAGE 233-238-243 -213-238 214-213-230-1 231 -212-227-224-221- 226-219-217--216-232-234-236-240 241-242 FOREMAN, CAROLYN THOMAS 8-7-9-11 21-14-13-15-16-18-20-130 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIAT 167 -167-130 ION REPORT 44, VOL 11 1884 PAGE 38, VOL 4 N8 104 MV P~GE 214 213 HAY'NOOD, JOHN -HISTORY uF TENN 83 TO 87 AMER I CAN BUREAU OF ElHNOLOGY NO 30 M'f PAGE 37 HANO BOOK OF AMER IC AN I ND I ANS CALL NJ AT A~CHIVtS S12,3. AMERICAN INDIANS 37 No 30 ~ M~ PAGE 81 PART I P.~ GE 190 ETHNOLOGY BUREAU 163 ADAIR, JAMES HISTORY OF "No 5TH REPORT BUREAU OF AMERICAN INDIANS 29 ETHNOLOG.. V 526, 508, 1900 PAC. E 39 RovcE IN 41 QUOTES FRJM SPRI NGPLACE MORAVIAN MISSmON P 96-118 OCOMULGEE GEORGIA NATIONAL I I 8 MONUMENT 122-129-128-127- 126,120-119-121-147 " BUREAU OF AMER I CAN 122- E1liONOLOGY 19TH REPORT QuoTES FROM CLAliORNE Co No 512 1900 PROGRESS NEWSPAPER 51 " ,:R FLOWERS ANO FEATHERS "ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN 1-2-3-4-5- HISTORICAL AS$)C IATI ON PAGE 43 "NORTH ~EORG I A TR I BUN E, CANTON GEORG I A HI STORY BY C C JONES GA EVENTS IN HIST "BALL CHAPTEK I -55- To 77 QROUNO 191 {STRAIGHT THROUGH) n APPLEToNS CVCLOPA£0 I A OF AMERICAN NORTH GE~RGIA TRIBUN£ BIOGRAPHY VOL I EOITIED BY 192-193 CANTON GA J~MES GRANT WILSON AND JOHN FISKE 186-115-435, 436,158 HI STvkV COLL ECTI ON OF GA 188 189 VOL 6 P 352-MV PAGE 187 Q.\k PAGE 170

APPLETONS ENCYCLOPEDIA AND 8lOGRAPHY ~Q AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY PART I VOL 4 PAGE 275, MY PAGE 41 PAGE 27 QUOTFS FROM VOL 16, CHRONICLES OF 0~LAH0MA PAGE 34 MOONEY, MYTHS OF CHEROKEE !65 HOUS~~ ca~uMEiJTS VOL I 18 P 37& No 5~:g E:HNOLOGY BUREAU, I iTH REPORT OLD SOUTHWEST VoL 18 PAGE : 6S ~ t. r.· I 56 CON GRESS, 2ND 169 s~s;•::1 rgQO -1901 No 4192 AT SKINNER, CvNSTANCE- LINDSEY '!, -:-- I , i: \I. ARCH I V ES I 69 "PI ONE ER S 'JF OLD SN V~L I 8 Pt.GE I 69 INDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 19 ETHNOLOGY BUREAU 19TH REPORT R088~TSON, J~M£S 178 PAGE 166 ROANE CC TENN 145 ROYCE 7 ABORIGINAL HISTORY uF TENN 9 ROBERTSON l9 (HISTORIAN) 4- 39 f(QGS< S, LA 'I IN~ A 32

f MARGARET LAJINiA 82 ANNALS OF TeJN SY J G M RCME GEORGIA ;41 RAMSEY 190 Rut£RTS, JJs £PH FRA Ne Is 108 ROBERTS, EL I SE WI LL I AMS I 68 JOHN STUART'S INDIAN POLICY 185 KOGERSV ILLE 177 ROANE 145 HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN l ND tANS I 2 ROYAL MAGAZINE 2JO ROSS, \AIM P I 01 ROBERTSON~ JAM ES 188, I 87 RED CLAY s E FRJM CHATTANOOGA ~UARLES, AMALEE 137 166-137

~~~~~~RANKIN, WM 187-9- REYNOLDS, JOSHUA SIR 211 RAVIN, CHIEF 146 RILEY, JOHN 145~~~~~~

RAMSEY', HIST OF TENN 132 RC SEBURY , WM I 67 40- DR GA 1a6-138 ROGERS, WI LL 82 "SARAH VIRGINIA 136 REDDING, SARAH 113 RUNDEL, JOSE?H 47 RANDOLPH, 238-GoVERNOR 239 RUSSfJ...L, WM 171 PETER ~4 RUTHffi Fl RD, GR I FF I TH 236 RANDOLPH, PEYTON 94 RUC KER , C A PT 2 I 9 RHEA Cauttrv TENN 159-158 RUSSELL, MR ISi RUTHEr

~~~~~~ROSS, DANIEL 79 OR 99 RAMSE.Y, JG M 27~~~~~~

~~~~~~ROSS, JOHN 105 -174 ROOSEVELT, THEODORE ;S-43 HOA NE CO TENi~ I 44-7-131 RObE.-~~~~~~

~~~~~~SLATER , MR I 41 STEWARD, ARCHO 240 I 71 STILLWATER OKLAHOMA 250 STORY OF THE C HE'r~~~~~~

~~~~~~WR L 19 SUGAR TCWN, SCALILUS KEY OF 94 SYCAMORE SHOALS HOLSTON AT 177 GEN E KIRBY 79 GEN E K 78~~~~~~

DAN I EL 180 SOUTH'NEST I ND I ANS 251 INDEX To NAI\CV WARD K(COROS 159-145 p.-..,:~;-- 2: __,,._. - -- ..... ,'' TAYLOR, JAMES 196 ,- t 94 ✓; ::~~ - : 44-l 4G TAYLOR • JOSEPH 143 J. TAYLOR, JANE' .J0~·Ns·-0:~ I~::• LARKIN 143 t 52- JAMES 15:7 - 2~;6 ... ; C:e - : ~') ~ - ~ :;5.. 159- :- .,:_,-.. ., ... ,r-, ~-,- JOHN 15v ... ( .. :;.. - .. >t:' ,. • '";:·i-• I~'):·: - ~ b9 K LAV I N A l ': t: . . TALIWA BATTLE I 17 -1- 193,/ LUC I NO A 1 5 ·j NORTHERN GEORG I A I 17 ; L CU I SA ! 97 · t 65--8-96-1 65 -1-95-35- 193- L LEROY I 97-: lt">-· LA R KI N I Sa ··< ~ 3 •.. TAHSKEEGEE ON TENN RIVER 104 LEVI 153 .. MAR111 A I 58 -· I 9',·- : 4- ~ 5.:•-· I· :3- f :'6 · I 95 TAHLEQUAH IOI -166 MARGARET 16C -~E6 MARY 156 ~JARY '-1 F9 - I _:'{; TALIQUO 69-166-81- N 196NANCY 158 -155 ... ,Sf- N.\~;~;:r~: i1f. -13 MARY CORMACK i ~-3

TATW, MYRA ALLEN WILLIAMS 168 LUCINDA 157 FANNY MARTIN I 68 MRS 0 TASSa, 98 JEMIMA I 55 CoRN TASSEL 141 J UH N , CH I EF I 46 OLD T•SSEL I 8 P PARMANS i4-6 P A RL IN A I 96 TARPIN, W10JW 17 P.TAYLOR 159

rARRAPINE 90 RUFUS I 57 TASKEQ.UE 32 R ROBERT £,OR 143 -196-159 TAYLOR, CHRISTOPHER 146 HICHARD 144 SUSANNAH 129 TALLASSEE, 32 SUSAN 194-131- SARAH 197 TAYLOR, ALFRED~ 197 -144 S SALOME DONAHOE 143 TAYLOR, A 153 SHADRICK M 161 TAYLOR, ALEXANDER 196 156SARAH t58 -155-194 SARAH ANN 194 ALIC£ C 143 T TAYLOR FAMILY 145 AMANDA 156 THOMAS 158 -157-151-155- 157 11 8ENJAMIN F 153 CASUAS u58--159 UV SEALSON 156-159 CAMP BELL 160 CAROL I NE 158 STEPHEN 157 1~RE£K 240 -241 WASH INGlON &56 CHARL-ES A 144 W WILLIAM 156 -197 CHARLES Fox 131-155 Vi/M F 197 DENNIS 196 -157 WM 159-165-195-151 DENN IS 8 I 51 CR O. I 51 XYZ \VM H 196 WM 196 ELIZABETH 197 -157-155 EVALINE 145 EDWARD 157 -158 ELLEN 1s1 aLts 196 Fox 144-144 ESTHER 157 FRANCES A 157 -158 GEuRC.E 'If 196 -I 96 GRIFFIN 195

~~~~~~HENRY 196~~~~~~

~~~~~~I RttNEN I 58 ISAAC J 56 JOSEPH H 143 JOEL 197 IN)EX lt NANCY WARD RECORDS~~~~~~

THOMPSON, JOSEPH LVNCN 79 TERRA PI NO 94 THCMSON, CA PT 72 THOMPSON I 14 -115 TELLICO PLAINS ;,5 MARIIN 193 -192-191 THO~S I 15 -87 TENNESSEE HISTORY BY SEE JOHN HAYWOOD lHOMASs ISAAC 18d -132~ 3- - 2- 204-169 -A- 8--44- TENNESSEE H ISTr.R ICAL MAGAZ 1NE 204 NO I VOLUME 6 P2GE 207 1HURST0N , BucKN ER 240 205--210--211-209-208

~~v HI SfCklCAL tJ~GASINE VOL IX TIFTOY 90 f4 PAGE 204 -205 TIMBErtLAKE, HENRY 82 -32 TIMBERLAKE, LEVI t8 -32 TENN DURING REVOLUTION BY KICHARD 82 -18-144 WILLIAMS 82 Tl TTLE, DAN I 15 TENN. PURCHASE OF CHEROKEE TIMBEKLAKE, ALLISON WooDVILLE 62 LANDS 95

TIMBEfTRAIL OF TEARS OR 79 RoGERT 116 TUGALO RI \ER 254 Susa E I 16 TRIUJ.PHANT EMPIRE 244 PE RM EL I A I I 6 TOQUO 4 -32 U'GUKU 98 TOWNSEND , 1 1 5 VASHON, GEORGE 246 TCWOTLEY 32 VAN lYNE, C H 232 TREATY WI 1l-i CHEHOKEES w VANN, CLEMENT 99 AT LOCHABOR $: 89 TRAIL OF TEARS I 17 TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY 226 TUSSEY. JACOB 194-195 TUSSEY', JONATHAN 195-194 TUGALOO, PENDLETON DIST s C 415 TUSKEEGEETEEHEE 9 Tl.GALO , EN v OF 90 TU:E...lC IS. SKY AGUSTA 94 TUGULOO RIVER 170

~~~~~~lVJELVE MILE RI VEH 64 JNDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS~~~~~~

UKAYONLA 94 WARD, NANC y GENEALOGY I :5- q;_·, BELOVED WOMAN & FOLLOWJ~~ UKWANNEE~UA 205 TITLES SHE BORE: 249 HER LOVE, HER GOOOL!NESS 25~ VANN, MI ss MARY 81 HER VIRTUE la.ND B~t.UT\' 25-3 HER SORROWS 252 SINGING VANN 203 HER GRIEFS AND OISAPPC!1J"'!"~.1:-.::r,;7~~ 253 -250 VAUGHN, 8ETY 142 (HER STATUE CARVED FROM LUTTRELL TENN GRANITE) P 22 VA UST, J .. o 90 BY JAMES ABRAHAM WALKER IN CLAIBORNE Co TENN 22 V I NC ENT• BE Rl' 22 8EAUTIFUL - WINSOME & R~SOURCEFUL WOMAN 10-19 VI RG IN I A MAGAZINE OF H l STCRY SHE IS ~UEENLY 40 ANO l BIOGRAPHY VOL 9 P 89 GHIGUA aaovED WOMAN 8-97 165-34-245,253-246, WARD FA~illLY 15-96 -98 SHE WAS BQR\j PAGE 27 WARD, BRYANT OR BRYAN, t32 -10-96-97 SoN IN L~W 251 GEN JOSEPH 204,15-96,247,253,256,254,95 DAR PAPERS 249 MARTIN 255-170,33-34 -115,14,~ 113,2-82- WARD, ANN 170 12-19-39,2, 165 - ALEXANDER I 15 AGI-GA-U-E 2 JAMES 247 AN I -G I LAH I I 4 JOHN 254 BETTY 33-44-167- 194-172-146- 205- 30-I 67- 248

~~~~~~GEORGE 24l-254 BETTY OR BETSY 177-10-113~~~~~~

~~~~~~CAlY WARD 247 8 A RTLE Y I 94 , I 95 , CHARLES 247 BEN JAM I N I 52 , I 55 ANN 253, 256 BARBRA I 14~~~~~~

SUSANNAH 253 C ATH AR I NE I I 3- I I 4 WARD FAMILY HISTORY 96 ~101 CATHARINE OR KATE 98 NANCY WARD, BELOVED WOMAN 5-7-13-9-6 OR KATIE 98 16-4-11-36-189-18 -189-94-36-18 CARRIE I 15 PRETTY WOMAN td9 CELI A 158 MOTHER 5-6- COL DEAN I 15 NANCY WARD, GRAVE M~RKEO l~-130-132 CLAR A A-LICE I I 4', I I 6 CLARA &07 WAR WOMAN 12-209 CORN EL I US WARD, NANCY -QUEENLY 187 CHARLES I 13 11 POCAHONTAS OF TENN 187-19 \~AR WOMAN CREEK 187-12 DARIUS 112.106,108,107-I 14

DANIEL 166, DAN I EL M I 14 DEAN I I 5 I NOEX..,. 10 NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 24 ...... , WARD, NANCY STATUE • 22 WARD, ELazAaETH 194 -11aa.·1ss WARD, 110 97-200-115 NANCY, 172-178-1?7-106-189-97 90-2 HER STATUE 204-2C5-200 • ELIJAH 157-156 192-t90-194-199-188-187- EMMALINE 200- 115 14-33-132-131-114-115--?7-82-95- ESTHER I I I - 1 t 5 , 1 14 96-97-132, I 57 , I 67 , t 58, I 69

~~~~~~ELLEN I 14 I 65 • I 44 1 I 45 , I 42, I 30, I I 4, I I 5 , 8,18- 1-20--2-13 7-22--1-15-~~~~~~

GEORGE 200 115 9 I 13 27,3-5- 4-10- 29-39- 209-33 GHIGUA 96 17-21-19-30-41-46 -82-193 HANNAH 160 HENRY J I I 4 ONE OF HER NAMES WAS: HELEN 115 "ONE WHO GOES ABOUT HARDY 160 GREAT AND NOBLE WOMAN I 13 HENRY I fY7 PROPHETESS 8 I CH I EFTA IN 8 I JESSIE 194,195-199 aao VEO 'M'.)MAN 97 - 9i - 39 J OS EP H I NE I I 5 CHIGAN 82 JOEL I t 5 GRANNY 82-t8 JULI A I 14 PRETIY WOW.AN 14- 12 JOHN 170,&0,115-97-99- Q.UEENLY 200-I I 5~ 8-18- JOHN D 155 NANNI-Hl-12-97 JOHN M 200 NANVE 1HI 97

~~~~~~JOHN JAOK I 13 9 96 HER WALKING STIC~ WAS SENT JOHN T I 14 TO VOTE IN CouNC ILS WHEN SHE~~~~~~

JACK 170-1121 113-44-2 BECAME TOO OLD 5 JASPER 115 FAMOUS lNDIAN WOMAN 9 JAMES 97- I 13-100,157 I NO I AN PR:> PHETESS I f5'/ Ill, ,oa,115,58-98-99 HER UNCLE ATTACULLACULLA 94 I I 5, I 55-200, I I 4, I 13, WAS AL SO FOR PEACE. 107 NANCY OAR PAPER 19 ,RooF J AM ES M I I 4, I I 5 SEE PHILIPS, MRS. JAMES SR JR 97 NANCY LUCY I 13

KATIE (CA TH AR I NE J98 REBECCA 155-200 LORD 157 ROSANN A l I 4- I I 5 LUCY HAINY I 13 ROXANNA I 14 LYDIA 200-114,107 SARAH 194,155 " ANN I 14 SENINA 157 Lucv 114, 113, 115 SAMUEL I 60-J I 3 LUCINDA 109 Sus,E 113 THOMAS l 14, \ 15 MARY 155-t 99 VANIE t38-a37 MARGARET 199 V I RG IN I A 200 _ MARY M 155 WM 174, 157,200 MARTHA 113, I 15 WM HENRY 199 MALINDA 200 WM C 200 MATILDA., 200 WM W I 14 MOSES I 15 -113 WARO FAMILY 96-115-113-114- M 118,108,3-15;16-I17-116 I 02-1 I 6-1 I 8 . MRS WARD 110 WESLEY I 58 INDEX TO NA~Y WARD RECORDS

WALKER, AOILINE 199 WALKER, GUSTAVA 199 ALSIZY I 98 HARRIETT 199~157 ANN I 98 , I 99 , I 97 , I 62 HARVEY 14~... ALVIRA 199 HESTER 157 AMANDA 201 HOUSTON 153 AARON 201 ISAAC 197-198 ANDREW 199 A8 I G A I L JEN K I NS I 54 ALLEN 162 JOHN N 199 ALEXANDRIA 200,201 JOHN W 199 ANDERSON I 59 JOHN 198, 196, I 45, I ~6, 145, I 44, I 59 ASTY 17 17 2, 17 5, 17 4, I 58 ASBERRY 199 JOHN G I 7 5, I 73 JAM ES I 98, I 94, 19 6, 20 I - I 57 , 145, BEi fY 195 200, I 53 -1 I 2-I 07 BEAUFORD 199 JAMES L 197 BENJAMIN 201 JANE 19'=1, I 97, 198 BARBARA 196 JACOB 198 BILLEAR 155 JACK 175,176,142 JOHNATH AN 194,195,200 JE~FERSON 199-195,194 CAROL I NE 198 JANE 201 CLAY 199 CHIEF JACK 142 C AMP8ELL I 5-J g JAMES CARTER 201 CVNnt I A 201 JENNIE (JANE}253,131 C ATHAR I NE J 99 , I 32 JOHN JR 144 CASWELL 160 JENNY LILLARD 145 CANADY 201 JOSEPH 160, 200 JOSE PH JAN EWA V f 94, I 98 JAMES H 154 DAVtO 19~-201-144 JAMES ABRAHAM 7-157, 21 DANIEL 197,159,201,200L-198 JAMES E 157, 152 DAN I EL OR JAM ES I 57 , I 5 I , I 46 DAVID P 160 LODUSKY 199 LUISA 198 ELIZABElH 199-196- 162- 17-154 LUCY 197,154 199,197-201 ,157,247 LAFAYETTE 162 EOWARO 194,195,39-253 LOUISA I 37 EDWARD 5,200 LUTI A 201 EMALIA 196 LUCINDA 200-198 ELBERT 22 LICENA 199 ELIZMA 196 LAVINA 199 ELIHU 196 Lo U I S l C AR Sa N I 42 EPHRIAM 145 ESTHER HOIT tl2 MARTHA 196 EMILY STANFIELD 142 MARV M 198 EL IHUE I 46 MARY J 198 MARY JANE HORN 195 FRANKLIN 196,198 201-197,198, 196,200 F. H. 142 MARY ANN 199, 197,201 FRANCIS 157 MAE t97 FRANCES 200 MARK 162 FELIX 146 MALLISA 198 MANERVA 198 MALINDA 199 INDEX TO NANCY WARD RECORDS PAGE 26 WALKER, WALKER, MALINDA 199 1'-IOMPSON, 201 MORDECAI THOMAS f 60 MARSHALL 198 OR THOMAS WALKER MAR I ON 199 220-222- 225 MANERVA J I 98 146,205,219 MARGARET 201-157,154,152 MATILDA 20J MARTIN 199 WI LL I ~M WALKER I 42, 19 J, 198, MILTON B 143 197, 196, I 57, I 59,199 -I 62- MEMORY 201 WM A I 98, I 53 MI LL V 2 0 I , 200 W R 197 MICAJAH 160 VJM L 154 W C L 143 'I~. H. I 57 NANCY 196,194,157,134,246,142 NA TH AN I EL I 96 NAOMA 161 NARCISSA KEETON 201 \Y IL IWANNANH I 14 •JR NANCY ANN 199 WAHNENANHI 14 WALKING TREATY I WATAUGA 29-177-188-180-189-39-41 P H 199, 142-,. 41-202-44 -84-148-204-233-34-9 PRYOR K f gg 169-8-90 -22-4t-94 POI.LY 145 PATSY 144 WAVA GAP 14 PHOEBE 157,,,, 154 WATTLE, CAPT 83-172 WAT IE STANO 79 RACHEL 198, 194, I 62 GENER AL ANO C 01.. ONEL 78 RHODA 2ul WATERHOUSE, FANNY 135-142 RUTH 154, I 52

SAMUEL 201-146-145,201,159, t62 WASHINGTON t GE)RGE COL I 51 199, 160-145, 194,195,196,198 SARAH A 197, t96,t62 WALLS< , BEN J ~MIN 94 SABRA 2vl WALLEN'S RIDGE 218 SARAH 162,199-151 WALLER, CARR 45 SAR AH KEETON 2u:l SIR AS I 57 WALLINS CREEK KY 7 SAMSEL (CHE EROKEE 145} SILAS OR SILOS 157 WATKINS, MAUDE INGLES 168 S!:ANY 201 STEALING 196,198 WATTS, JOHN 90 SVANIS 198 SUSANNAH 157 WASHBURNE, ~ABEL 20 INDEX TO NAtCY WARD RS:OROS

WEATHERLY FAMILY 139 WEATHERLY, MARGARET ~UC.ENE 129 ABNER 158 t35, MARG~RET 156 ALICE 142, 135 MARYL 137,156,135 MAR Y I I DooENI l 134 37, 55, MARY GLEN 137 MARK 133 BETTIE LUCINDA COFFEY 136 137 MARTHA 141-155 Euc.ENIA 139 Eo 1TH 14~ EOWARD 133 PARKS WEATHERLY 140-129 MUDGE 36 EL I ZABETH H 134 t EDWARD 133 EL IZB 156, 142 ELIZABETH CAMPBELL 135 NANCY WALKER 134-156 ETHEL 137 NANCY WARD 41 EMMA 14J NORA 136 NANCY JANE 136-&63-t55- E°MM A I 39 • I 35 • EMILY ,54 HENRY 8 138.135,141 WcATHERLY FIM ILY 133 WooOSON 134 HETTIE l 35, 142 WM C 156 C OF'FEY 136 CHARLES I 36 TOKAY CLEMENTINE 163-136 CHARLES., l SAAC t42, 135 I 39, I 31 , I 35, I 41 ROBERT WATSON I 36 CHARLES PARKS 141,14v, RAYMOND t36 137,143,155, L00N£V 139 CLINT 142 JOSEPH 139 Ros ERTSON I 37 CHAS HENRY t42 156-134 FANN IE 135, 142 LILLIE JONES 142, 143 Su 1 1M I 36 , 143 HOBERT 136 R :_iBERTSON I 63 JOHN W 135,133,141 SARAH J FRANK 137 156 S~R Ni 156 133, t38 WILLARD I 36 '/J ASH I NGTO N 134- W. GREEN 133, 138, Wu GREEN t36 WARREN t34, 14t, 155 Wu 156.133, 153, WM WM I 36 , " I 53 , I 43 WILOON HARDIN 129-156-142-136 I 34 , I 3 5 , I 38, l 41 , t 63 , t 35, I 41 , 142.137,139-140-142 I NOEX TO NANCY WAt

WEEDEN, JOHN 161 WUSBURC H 230 n MARV 161 VNTH,.GEORGE 94 WHllE, JAMES J08ES wu.L t A~n s , N• Ne v , 1s WHITE, JAME'S OR 238-23q WILLIAMS, JUDGE 204 WILLIAMS,MARGAR T GLAS 168 WI NTffi, CAPT 89 WILLIAMS, RJSE Miss t68 VIILLI AMS, 206 MARTH A I I 5 WRIGHT, JAMES 53 ~,lAUOE I 68 JOHN SIR 182 G. 29 MU R I EL H I I 6 ( WR I TER OF SAMUEL COLES 29(HISTORIAN) WARD RECORDS) 20-116 206 -30-35 -250-245 JARRETT 3 ROBERT 53 THOMAS NEALS 168 JAMES I 15 -l 14-171 WOLF CLAN 8 -96 JOSEPH 233 WORKMAN, COLUMBUS 141 -• 35-139 WILSON, OART I 36 VIOtlA NI S CO UNC I L 2 WILSON, J~MES GR~NT 101 WOFFORD, COL JAMES O 12 WM F I 9·::1 \VCRCESTER, SNti4 ue.. A I 06 -103 PRES .V/o~DROW 166 W0GOLAND INDIAN VILLAGE 51 WI LLSTOWN I 01 GREEN Co TENN MISILE 51 WILLIAMSON. MAJOR 89 ·wooTEN, JOHN MORGAN 133 WILLING, JAMES 185 WOFFORD 192 WILLINAWAW, 2J8 -2G9 -32-146 WOMAN KILLER FORD 132 WIMER, O0CT•:•R I I 6 -WOFFORD, JAMES 191 \V0LF CLAN I 31 WILLEY, WORCESTER, REV IJJ WlLD ROSE 253 WOMAN, FAMOUS INOIAN 40 YOUNG,JAMES F 20I, WILKINSON, EDWARD 09 N ANC v 2()1 , SAR AH C 201

~~~~~~WILOON, THOMAS 17 WM 201, HARRISON 201 5AM 201 REBECCA 201 WILLINAWA 250 EMAi.i NE 201 WILLANAUGHWA 141 JAMES H 201~~~~~~