Swarthmore College Bulletin (December 2002)

DECEMBER 2002

Photo Blitz: Student Visions ONTHECOVER: B DAN FAIRCHILD’S [’03] PHOTOGRAPH OF PARRISH HALL MAILBOXES GRACES THE APRIL 2003 PAGE OF NEXT YEAR’S SWARTHMORE COLLEGECALENDAR.ITISONEOFTHOUSANDSOFPHOTOSSUBMITTED DURING THIS FALL’S “PHOTO BLITZ,” SPONSORED BY THE PUBLICATIONS OFFICE. FOR MORE STUDENT VISIONS OF SWARTHMORE, TURN TO PAGE 20.

CONTENTS: HANG NGO ’05, ONE OF MORE THAN 360 STUDENTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PHOTO BLITZ, SAID OF THIS PHOTO: “THE SHADOWS ARE [ONES] OF ME AND ... MY BEST FRIEND HERE, FRANCISCO CASTRO ’05 [LEFT].” DECEMBERDECEMBER 2002 2002

F e a t u r e s Cell Divisions 14 Swarthmore-educated scientists, ethicists, and legal scholars help Departments lead the stem-cell and cloning debate. L e t t e r s 3 Readers’ feedback By Tom Krattenmaker P r o f i l e s C o l l e c t i o n 4 Working Toward Through Student Current news a Better World 48 E y e s 2 0 Sam Ashelman ’37 hosted Bosnian A weeklong “Photo Blitz” reveals diplomats at Coolfont Resort.Resort students’ vision of Swarthmore. Alumni Digest 42 Connections and adventures By Elizabeth Redden ’05 By Jeffrey Lott

ClassNotes 44 F o l l o w i n g Liberal Arts Correspondence from friends t h e W i n d 6 4 in a Conservative Jon Lyman ’77 enjoys the scenery L a n d 2 6 and sociability of ballooning. Two Swarthmoreans help start D e a t h s 5 3 a women’s college in Jeddah, Sympathy extended By Angela Doody Saudi Arabia.

By Carol Brévart-Demm Books&Arts 68 O n t h e G o 7 4 Mysteries and more Tanisha Little ’97 is happiest with lots of activity. W e t l a n d s W a r r i o r 3 2 I n M y L i f e 7 6 By Carol Brévart-Demm Margaret Reno Hurchalla ’62 Sinking, Floating battles to save Florida’s Everglades. By Jennifer Gross ’98 By Angela Doody

OurBackPages 80 É m i g r é 3 4 Hosting the Hangman of Hungary The College as a Place of Refuge By Elizabeth Redden ’05

By Alisa Giardinelli 2 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN PARLORTALK i mgéclege nihdti olg o oeta afacentury. a half than more for college and this Ostwald enriched Martin bargain, colleagues the émigré offer, In his could oppression. they of what victims of were because they here because teach not to asked were women and humanity. men and freedom, These intellectual its scholarship, upheld teaching, merely of it them; standards hiring high for own credit moral undue take not the should Yet war. College and fascism fleeing intellectuals careers—to distinguished refuge—and story. unique a is with each individual yet distinct violence; a and their politics, in religion, living of after because Swarthmore impossible to became and homelands America to in came appear All only. profiles edition whose Web others our six and Mautner, Köhler, Franz Wolfgang Lang, Cohn, Olga Hilde Wallach, Ostwald, Hans of experiences the with this does inevitably it. of because he out past, singled the or about it forget can’t by he defined says be he to although refuses past; the of symbol a is port Swarthmore’s sidewalks. with stride man to a generation also his is of last he the man—but on history, extraordinary educated take an an right the of just model has the who is author He problems. classical today’s a very cite is soon he will which he (about up-to-date), politics much contemporary about you conversation a If studies. in classical him to engage contributions his for recognized widely and students quiet. so been always hasn’t a there’s it days, life—but These Ostwald’s German. to and rhythm English in different in texts e-mail reading and days articles his writing spends and he Greek where Library, McCabe of floor third the on A afa half more colleg this enriched colleagues and Ostwald Martin wrhoewsoeo ayAeia olgsaduieste htoffered that universities and colleges American many of one was Swarthmore “Émigré” article Our boxes. into people putting of way a have history of Writers his by teacher-scholars—revered best-known Swarthmore’s of one is Ostwald nWlu ae o 0 swl ae upsflyt i -y6carrel 4-by-6 his to purposefully paces home Ostwald 80, his Now from Lane. work Walnut to on walking William Classics, the of Ostwald, Emeritus Martin Professor see Jr. often Kenan I R. morning, each campus on arrive I s i émigré his than f e century. or ihaprominent a with years—stamped these all it kept has in He Germany 1939. Nazi left he the when us carried showed he he passport 34), (page Refuge” of Place a as i w eisatrana-rgcsat h pass- The start. near-tragic a after on merits it own made his who teacher and scholar a sees as rightly himself He 1980s. the until 1930s the from Swarthmore at taught who professors émigré of him. of ahead lay what know not did He parents—behind. his his leaving home—and be would he that knew per- he taken, haps was it When face. his on slightly look a worried with 17, age man, young handsome a of sh epdu rpr Éir:TeCollege The “Émigré: prepare us helped he As swl stels famgiietgeneration magnificent a of last the is Ostwald J o Jw”Tepooisd is inside photo The “Jew.” for JfryLott —Jeffrey rne nU.S.A. in College Printed Swarthmore ©2002 PA Swarthmore Avenue, 19081-1390. College 500 address to No. Send changes Permit Postmaster: and offices. PA 0530-620. mailing Swarthmore at additional Periodicals paid Avenue, 19081-1390. postage College PA by 500 June Sep- Swarthmore and College, August, March, C, in Swarthmore volume December, published is tember, is this 3, which number of 0888-2126), The e-mail: Or 328-8435. [email protected]. (610) Phone: 19081-1390 PA Avenue Swarthmore College 500 College Office Swarthmore Records Alumni to: address along new label with address Send Address of Changes www.swarthmore.edu Web Wide World 328-8297 [email protected] (610) Registrar: 328-8568 [email protected] (610) Publications: 328-8402 (610) [email protected] Relations: Alumni 328-8300 [email protected] (610) Admissions: 328-8000 (610) www.swarthmore.edu Operator: College College Swarthmore Contacting aay rio ilsi ’49 Gillespie Orbison Maralyn Emerita: Editor ’05 Redden Elizabeth Interns: Merrill-Rossi Janice Assistant: Administrative LLC Perspectives Gaadt Director: Art Publishing: Desktop Writer: Staff Editor: Assistant Editor: Notes Class Editor: Managing Editor: wrhoeCleeBulletin College Swarthmore Swarthmore efe Lott Jeffrey N I T E L L U B E G E L L O C tpai iod ’04 Gironde Stephanie wrhoeCleeBulletin, College Swarthmore uan eotGaadt, DeMott Suzanne ls Giardinelli Alisa neaDoody Angela nraHammer Andrea ao Brévart-Demm Carol urePenner Audree (ISSN S R E T T E L FOULSTENCH fication, which require minimal preprofes- I read the story about Kevin Huffman ’92 sional training, do much more than “de- (“Teaching for Change,” September professionalize” teachers; they may actually Bulletin) with interest because Teach for contribute to the growing gaps in achieve- America (TFA) has also impacted my life. I ment between students in affluent and went from Swarthmore to TFA in 1998 nonaffluent communities. Considerable with lots of idealism, which didn’t last research has demonstrated that the quanti- long. Neither did my enthusiasm for TFA. ty and quality of teachers’ professional I was assigned to teach at East St. John training has a direct impact on their stu- High School in rural St. John Parish, La., dents’ achievement. Recent analyses of which is about 40 miles and at least a half- scores on the National Assessment of Edu- century outside of New Orleans. It is just cational Progress (NAEP) have found that one of the many failed public school sys- students whose teachers have had better tems that are stuck with educating children preparation in their preprofessional course in a community where education will get work, more preservice or in-service training you nowhere. I was assigned to teach in working with diverse student popula- Careers for Education, a course title tions, more training in developing higher- devised by the head of special education. order thinking skills, and more experience When I suggested Education for Careers, I with designing interactive learning envi- was met with blank stares. The title didn’t ronments do better on the NAEP assess- matter, though, because curricula for the ments. school’s special education classes did not HYPOCRISY In light of such research, TFA’s five- exist. Although Teach for America (TFA) provides week orientation seems to offer a poor sub- The administration seemed more con- a temporary solution to the teacher short- stitute to traditional teacher education pro- cerned with expelling its African-American ages facing many economically disadvan- grams—many of which now require students than providing a decent educa- taged school districts, I was disappointed prospective teachers to earn a master’s tion. It was especially not interested in new that your article did not more fully address degree in education while practicing under ideas from young Yankee do-gooders like the criticisms that many educators have a skilled mentor and taking courses in me. I taught in a dirty, hot trailer on ce- raised. Although I deeply respect the time child development, educational philosophy, ment blocks behind the school; most days, and energy that Kevin Huffman ’92 has learning theory, and teaching methodology. I could not hold a class together for more devoted to channeling enthusiastic, high- As a graduate of Swarthmore’s teacher cer- than 10 minutes. I was about as prepared achieving college graduates into the teach- tification program, I can attest that the to teach these students as I was to be an ing profession, I worry that programs such extensive preprofessional course work and air-traffic controller. as TFA convince the public that mere mentoring I received drastically improved TFA places some of its corps members enthusiasm and a liberal arts degree are my confidence and competence during my in districts that are beyond help. A recent enough to prepare prospective teachers first year of teaching. Putting enthusiastic, college graduate from the suburbs cannot adequately for the enormous challenges inexperienced college graduates in the erase centuries of unspeakable poverty and awaiting them in the nation’s most under- most disadvantaged schools does not seem racism. These districts are not interested in served schools. like “teaching for change”; rather, such a change; but they do need adult, college- Many of us currently in the teaching program threatens to overwhelm beginning educated bodies to fill classrooms, and TFA profession, myself included, fear that those teachers and underserve the very students is happy to oblige. so-called alternative routes to teacher certi- it aspires to serve. That these teaching posi- Ultimately, I do not fault tions need to be filled is an STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION Huffman or TFA for the fun- unqualified truth. But TFA 1. Publication: Swarthmore College Bulletin security holders holding 1 percent or more neling of the least experi- 2. Publication number: 0888-2126 of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or isn’t the answer. Although its 3. Filing date: Oct. 25, 2002 other securities: none enced teachers into the poor- organizers and supporters pat 4. Issue frequency: August, September, 12. The purpose, function, and nonprofit est schools; such a trend is December, March, and June status of this organization has not themselves on the back for 5. Number of issues published annually: 5 changed during the preceding 12 months. nothing new in the history of their ingenuity—and spin 6. Annual subscription price: none 14. Issue date for circulation data: Sept. 2002 education. Instead, I fault the 7. Office of publication: 500 College Ave., 15. a. Total number of copies (net press run): wildly to deflect the foul Swarthmore PA 19081-1390 24,014 hypocrisy of a society that stench of criticism that 8. General business office: same b. Paid or requested circulation through demands the best teachers 9. Publisher: Swarthmore College, 500 dealers: 0 envelops the program—TFA College Ave., Swarthmore PA 19081-1390 c. Paid or requested mail subscriptions: for its most affluent, advan- allows the status quo to con- Editor: Jeffrey Lott, 500 College Ave., 20,992 taged students while refusing Swarthmore PA 19081-1390 d. Free distribution by mail: 79 tinue and devalues the teach- Managing editor: Andrea Hammer, 500 e. Free distribution outside the mail: 2,735 to provide its most disadvan- ing profession. College Ave., Swarthmore PA 19081-1390 f. Total free distribution: 2,814 taged students with the qual- 10. Owner: Swarthmore College, 500 College g. Total distribution: 23,806 PATRICK RUNKLE ’98 Ave., Swarthmore PA 19081-1390 h. Copies not distributed: 208 ified, committed teachers Oakland, Calif. 11. Known bondholders, mortgages, or other i. Total: 24,014 Please turn to page 79 DECEMBER 2002 3 STANDINGSTANDING FORFOR COLLECTIONSOCIALSOCIAL JUSTICE

JUSTICE ELEFTHERIOS KOSTANS

arima Wilson ’03 has always known returned home to Birmingham last February LANGOPPORTUNITYSCHOLARKARIMAWILSON Kthat there was something just a little to begin work on her capstone project—the ’03 DEVELOPED A VOLUNTEER TRAINING PROGRAM bit different about her. “I grew up as part of development of a volunteer training pro- FOR THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR COMMUNITY a biracial family in a very segregated town— gram for the NCCJ. ANDJUSTICEINBIRMINGHAM,ALA. Birmingham, Ala.,” she said. “Especially in As Wilson explained, volunteers are Birmingham, everyone who’s not black or often undertrained and underused by non- white is put into this amorphous category.” profits. She, therefore, set out to create a ONEQUESTION For years, Wilson wondered about the program that would develop a group of differences that distinguished her from her qualified volunteers capable of effectively I hear a lot about minority groups on cam- friends, although she didn’t know how to instructing youth leaders in the vocabulary pus. How does the College decide when a talk about them. All that changed after her of diversity. student is a member of a minority group? ninth-grade year when Wilson attended “The program was about training the This decision is not the College’s. Stu- Anytown, a weeklong youth leadership pro- volunteers in the same issues they’re going dents are asked to identify their own gram sponsored by The National Confer- to be training the leaders in. So we talked background on admissions forms. Students ence for Community and Justice (NCCJ). about race, we talked about class, we talked may check more than one category—and There, she found an open setting to discuss about gender, we talked about ability. And even expand on the general categories— issues of diversity, and, as she said, “For the we talked about developing leadership skills but in keeping with state and federal first time, I was able to tell people I was dif- around these issues,” Wilson said. Twenty- reporting requirements, the College must ferent, and they were like, ‘That’s cool.’” one volunteers completed the inaugural report them in only one of the allowable Her experiences at Anytown are some- training session. categories, which include African Ameri- thing that Wilson still cherishes today. As Wilson spent the entire spring and sum- can, American Indian/Native Alaskan, one of 22 Eugene M. Lang Opportunity mer planning and executing the project, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and Scholars currently enrolled at Swarthmore, beginning in February and finishing in white (non-Hispanic). Those who fail to Wilson has been able to use college grants August. Now a senior, she is unsure of what self-identify are counted as “white.” to fund her own social justice project. So for she plans to do next year. Maybe law school, Of 1,467 students enrolled during the the past three years, Wilson has worked maybe graduate school—teaching is also a 2001–2002 academic year, 61 percent closely with the NCCJ to ensure that pro- possibility. What she does know for sure, were white, 16 percent were Asian, 8 per- grams like Anytown will continue well into however, is that issues of diversity and cent were African American, 8 percent the future. social justice will always be important were Hispanic, and less than 1 percent Wilson, a sociology/anthropology major aspects of her life. were American Indian. The rest were and psychology minor, said the NCCJ works “What’s most special about diversity international students, who are not count- to eliminate bigotry and racism by promot- work is the bonds that people make because ed in the same way as American citizens. ing greater understanding among people of of it,” she said. “People are able to be Director of Institutional Research Robin different cultures and races. She spent two friends because they understand each other Shores reports that these standard cate- summers interning with the organization, better and understand where they come gories are slated to change in 2004. The the first at a regional branch office in Birm- from. We understand that everyone has biases College will then be allowed to report stu- ingham and the second at the national and prejudices,but we can work around that.” dents in multiple categories. headquarters in New York City. She —Elizabeth Redden ’05 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 4 Endowment drop squeezes budget Editor’sNote: Vice President for Finance and Treasurer Suzanne Welsh • The Board of Managers has named an Expenditure Review has been fielding a lot of questions about the current state of Swarth- Committee to ensure that the allocation of College resources more’s finances. She prepared the following questions and answers for the fully reflects our priorities. As part of this effort, it is conducting College community in mid-November. a cost-comparison study with six other institutions and looking What is the College’scurrent financial picture? at long-term financial models to assure adequate funding for the core elements of Swarthmore’s quality and character. • The decline in the stock market has caused a downturn in the endowment. The endowment declined from a peak of about $1 What are the guiding principles for this process? billion in the late summer of 2000 to about $830 million at the • The College is committed to the following: end of October 2002. In addition, lower interest rates are lead- - Sustaining an academic program and broader educational ing to lower revenues on operating cash balances. program of the highest quality. • The lower endowment is putting strong pressure on the Col- - Safeguarding need-blind admissions and providing ade- lege’s ability to increase endowment support to the budget. It quate financial aid to assure access to an exceptional and makes it difficult, if not impossible, to pay for the cost of new diverse student body. facilities from the endowment, making the success of the cur- - Recruiting and supporting the finest faculty. rent capital campaign essential. - Recruiting and retaining an excellent staff. • The budget is feeling pressure from large increases in health - Preserving the long-term health of the endowment. insurance and property insurance. - Providing responsible stewardship of the College’s physical • The College has entered this period in excellent financial con- resources. dition and is well positioned to meet the challenges. Nonethe- less, our commitment to our priorities combined with the more Where will costs be saved? Will positions be eliminated? constrained finances has reinforced our focus on efficiency and • We do not have all the specifics yet. Each area is looking for allocation of resources to our most important priorities. budget savings. How does the endowment affect Swarthmore’sbudget? • We have identified some positions that have been vacant and • The endowment is the largest source of revenue in the College will not be filled. budget, providing even more revenue than net student fees. How does the capital campaign fit in? About 46 percent of the revenues in this year’s budget come • The Meaning of Swarthmore has attracted gifts and pledges of from the endowment. Income of $39.5 million from the endow- $114 million toward a $230 million goal that is scheduled to be ment was used last year. reached by 2006. Although we have seen some slowing in Will there be budget receipts on pledges and less reductions? comfort from donors given the • Yes. Although the College unpredictability of future finan- plans to sustain the regular !!!!! cial markets, we remain confi- increase in the endowment dent that, given the responsibil- support to the budget in ity that alumni feel for the Col- WELSH IS APPOINTED lege, we will succeed in meeting order to protect the quality of FINANCIAL VICE PRESIDENT its educational program, as a the campaign goals. • Our first priority is to raise result of lower interest rates n August, President Alfred H. Bloom JIM GRAHAM and the cost pressures men- Iannounced the appointment of more support for the science tioned earlier, we still need to Suzanne Welsh (right) as the College’s vice president for finance center, which is only partially find savings of up to $1 mil- and treasurer. Welsh replaced Paul Aslanian, who retired after funded. lion to balance the budget seven years as vice president for finance and planning. • The next priority will be to and respond to cost increases Welsh joined the College in 1983 and has been treasurer raise support for the necessary beyond our control. since 1989. She received undergraduate degrees in mathematics renovation of Parrish Hall. This What is the budget process? and accounting from the University of Delaware and an M.B.A. will also require construction of • The president’sstaff and the from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. a new residence hall to provide College Budget Committee are At the same time, Bloom broadened the responsibilities of housing for students currently already working on next year’s Larry Schall ’75, whose title was changed from vice president for living in Parrish Hall while ren- budget and are examining the facilities and services to vice president for administration. ovation proceeds. The start of consequences of reducing Bloom also announced that Associate Vice President for construction on these will costs in several areas. Human Resources Melanie Young would henceforth report direct- depend on campaign progress. ly to him. DECEMBER 2002 5 CAMPAIGNAPPROACHES HALFWAYMARK

he Meaning of alumni, parents, and friends at a series of TSwarthmore, the regional events. This fall, Swarthmore gather- College’s current ings were held in Philadelphia, London, $230 million capital Boston, and Los Angeles. Other events have campaign, is just been held in Washington, D.C.; San Francis- short of its halfway co; Chicago; New York; and Brussels. mark both in time Dan West, vice president for alumni, and dollars raised. development, and public relations, said in As of Oct. 30, the early November that “although this is a chal- campaign, which is lenging economic environment in which to COLLECTION set to end in 2006, raise funds of this magnitude, The Meaning JIM GRAHAM had garnered $114 of Swarthmore is on track and making TWOSOARINGINVERTEDROOFSAREAMONGTHE million in gifts and pledges. progress toward meeting the College’s most DISTINCTIVEARCHITECTURAL—ANDENVIRON- Fund-raising from key leadership donors important future priorities. We are about MENTAL—FEATURES OF THE COLLEGE’S NEW began in 1999, following a three-year study where we need to be after the first year of a of the College’s most pressing academic, five-year public phase of the campaign.” SCIENCECENTER.THEROOFSWILLDIRECT community-life, and physical-plant priorities. These priorities include construction and RAINWATER TO TWO DISTINCTIVE “WATER The campaign was publicly announced in renovation of important facilities; endow- FEATURES” ON THE SITE, FROM WHERE IT WILL December 2001 with the publication of The ment for new academic initiatives, faculty FLOW INTO UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS. Meaning of Swarthmore, a 48-page case teaching and research, instructional technol- RATHER THAN RUN DIRECTLY DOWNHILL TO CRUM statement. The kickoff of the public phase of ogy, and student financial aid; and fortifica- CREEK, IT WILL RECHARGE THE GROUNDWATER the campaign had been scheduled for a cam- tion of the Annual Fund. A complete list of pus gala on Sept. 21, 2001, but the event campaign priorities and opportunities to par- AQUIFER. was canceled following the Sept. 11 terrorist ticipate is at www.swarthmore.edu/support. attacks. Instead, the College has hosted —Jeffrey Lott !!!!! lthough Swarthmore has long been known as one of the ed here with their weight in the total score): academic reputation nation’s best liberal arts colleges, in recent years, compara- (25 percent), student selectivity (15 percent), faculty resources (20 Ative rankings have become a national obsession. The higher- percent), graduation and retention (20 percent), financial education list published each fall by U.S. News & World Report—the resources (10 percent), alumni giving (5 percent), and what the weekly magazine’s best-selling issue—has generated debate about magazine calls “graduation-rate performance” (5 percent). Many of the usefulness of such lists, how they are compiled, and whether these factors have subcategories. they have prompted colleges to change their admissions practices. Critics have claimed that colleges, which self-report data to U.S. In the 2003 U.S. News rankings of national liberal arts colleges, News, are tempted to inflate their numbers, but Shores credits the magazine with being increasingly thorough in checking the data received. “They are now very specific about how we are to count things,” she says, “There are Quantifying Quality numerous follow-up questions, and they cross-check our surveys against other sources of data.” released in September, Swarthmore tied for second place with Still, says Shores, the single factor with the most weight—aca- Williams College. Amherst College held the No. 1 spot, and the top demic reputation—is largely subjective. To generate this statistic, 10 was rounded out by Wellesley, Carleton, Pomona, Bowdoin, U.S. News asks college presidents, provosts, and deans of admis- Middlebury, Davidson, and Haverford colleges. sion to rank peer institutions on a scale of 1 to 5. “I see this as According to Robin Shores, the College’s director of institution- somewhat self-perpetuating,” says Shores. al research, since the inception of the U.S. News rankings in 1983, Although she believes that the rankings fill a need for informa- Swarthmore has never fallen below third place among national lib- tion that colleges “have not instinctively done a good job of pro- eral arts colleges. It has held the top position six times, including viding,” she says that “they torture the data in order to make fine last year, tied with Amherst. Because of its generous financial aid distinctions that are not really useful to parents and prospective program, Swarthmore has also consistently ranked among the students. The difference among schools that are closely ranked is magazine’s “best values” in higher education. not significant.” U.S. News derives its rankings from seven different factors (list- Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid Jim Bock ’90 agrees. SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 6 n his first appearance on campus since DUKAKIS URGES 1995, former Massachusetts governor and I1988 Democratic presidential candidate HEALTHCARE REFORM Michael Dukakis ’55 urged the adoption of federally mandated health insurance. Delivering the annual McCabe political blunder of his career,” said Lecture to a large audience in the Pearson-Hall Theatre, Dukakis Dukakis. “By the time he threw his asked: “When are we finally going to make the decision that all support to Nixon’s bill, Watergate blew Americans deserve basic health insurance? What is it about our up, and it was too late.” political system that makes it impossible to do what every other Dukakis said the United States advanced industrialized nation does for its people?” spends twice as much per capita for Noting that students in the audience were in preschool when he medical care as any other advanced

challenged then–Vice President George Bush for the White House industrialized country, “and what do A

S in 1988, Dukakis recounted that presidents Truman, Kennedy, we get for it? They provide universal O K

S O Johnson, Nixon, and Clinton had attempted to pass legislation to health care at half the cost of running I R E H create a government-run universal health insurance plan or to man- the U.S. system, and we have 42 million T F E L date employer-paid private insurance. Only Johnson succeeded, but people without insurance. Where do E his Medicare plan is limited to the elderly and the subsequent Med- these people go when they get sick? icaid plan covers only the poorest Americans. To hospital emergency rooms, where After Medicare passed in 1965, said Dukakis, who teaches public it costs about $1,000 per patient to “WHY CAN’T THIS GREAT COUNTRY policy at Northeastern University, “everyone assumed that it was treat them. And where does that OFOURSCOMETOGRIPSWITHAN only a matter of time until benefits would be extended to everyone.” $1,000 come from? From individuals ISSUEASFUNDAMENTALASTHIS?” In 1972, Republican Richard Nixon put forward a comprehensive and employers who do pay for insur- plan that would have required all employers to provide basic med- ance. If you insure your employees, ASKEDMICHAELDUKAKISINTHIS ical coverage. It might have passed over the objections of the insur- you also have to pay for the guy YEAR’SMCCABELECTURE. ance industry and the American Medical Association, said Dukakis, down the street who doesn’t.” but for the opposition of Democrats who favored a government sin- Dukakis said that government-run single-payer health care is gle-payer system. Massachusetts Senator “Ted Kennedy told me “unlikely to pass, given the private insurance system that has that his early opposition to Nixon’s plan was the single biggest evolved in America.” He favors a national system similar to Hawaii’s,which he called “very close to the original Nixon plan.” Under Hawaii’s law, which has been in effect since 1974, all employers are required to provide basic coverage for their employees; insur- Despite Swarthmore’s position at the top of the rankings, “we ance companies cannot deny coverage for preexisting conditions or don’t tout [the rankings] in our publications or in talking with other common risk factors, and state government covers those who prospective students. We don’t want people to choose Swarthmore are changing jobs, unemployed, or indigent. “It’s worked well for for the wrong reasons.” nearly 30 years,” said Dukakis, who teaches one-quarter of each year Bock says that he doesn’t feel any pressure to stay at the top of at the University of Hawaii. “They have better health outcomes the rankings. “It’s just not part of the conversation,” he says. In overall, and nobody’s gone out of business because of it.” any case, he explains, actions taken by the Admissions Office have Dukakis said the Clinton administration’s 1993 health care pro- scant effect on the College’s overall U.S. News performance: “It’s posal, which failed to make it through Congress, was “far too com- been said that we’re being more selective, using early decision, or plicated—they should have modeled it on the Hawaiian system.” He driving up yield [the percentage of students offered admission blamed the Democratic Party’s 1994 loss of Congress on the “fallout who matriculate] in order to maintain our position, but accep- from that defeat.” Since then, politicians have been “nibbling tance rate and yield account for just 4 percent of the total. The around the edges of the problem” with prescription drug coverage SATs and ACT are also about 6 percent. [Yield and test scores are under Medicare and the patient’s bill of rights, which he said “mar- subcategories within the student selectivity factor.] Whether we ginally improves things for those who have coverage to begin with. are up or down 10 points on our median SATs doesn’t affect these “As a society, we’ve defined employer responsibility to include rankings.” worker’s compensation, unemployment insurance, and retirement. The median combined SAT verbal and math score for those Why not health? We spend $1.5 trillion dollars a year on health care, recently admitted to the Class of 2006 is 1,450. yet we still have millions of Americans who have no coverage.” What does Swarthmore get from of the rankings? “It’s free Before taking questions, Dukakis closed with a plea to Swarth- publicity,” says Bock. “It gets Swarthmore’s name out there. But more students to get involved in politics: “Guided by the experi- really, how do you quantify quality? Every school is different, and ences I had on this campus, I’ve had the good fortune to be involved every student’s experience of it will be different. The college expe- in politics for a lifetime. I want you to think seriously about becom- rience is subjective, and U.S. News tries to make it objective.” ing actively involved in the politics of your communities. Get into —Jeffrey Lott campaigns, work for people you admire and whose values you share—you can make a difference.” —Jeffrey Lott DECEMBER 2002 7 8 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN COLLECTION td potnte.I diint these to addition In opportunities. study foreign- expanded have Ghana and Poland in programs established Recently College. Hamilton by operated Spain, program Madrid, a in with affiliation formal a has also College The Swarthmore. by operated oldest population. student international large a has and scientific research for renowned is 150,000 about city The of Alps.” the of “Capital named is aptly which Grenoble, around and in host families with live and Stendhal Université classes at in program the through enrolled schools, are other from students 10 with along credit, for abroad studying students more Swarth- 105 the of 11 Currently, semester. this director program Moskos, Justice George Social of Professor Hormel C. and James French of Professor to according United States, the over all from people attracts It universities. and all colleges to American and students Swarthmore is all it to but open program, the in semester a least adviser. foreign-study and anthropology of professor Piker, Steven says recommend,” we that program single other any than Grenoble attend students Swarthmore more of “Significantly all Europe. in programs respected most the of one is it Office, Study Foreign Swarthmore’s to according Today, French. of Col- professor former lege a Smith, Simone of efforts of the result a 1972, in began France, Grenoble, in Program Swarthmore The anniversary. 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F RI EN DS HIS TOR ICAL LIBRARY S c i e n c e ded philosophical conflicts. He recalled a a n d V a l u e s news report about aid shipments of trans- hat kinds of facts are needed to form genic corn seed—Bt- Wsound value judgments? What is corn—to famine-rid- objectivity? What role do values play in sci- den African nations, entific activity and to what extent do they which refused the determine areas of scientific research? These corn. The conflict is are some of the questions that challenge stu- evident: A high-yield, dents attending Scheuer Family Professor of improved form of food Humanities and Professor of Philosophy is offered to starving Hugh Lacey’s course Science, Values, and people, and they refuse Objectivity this fall. it. Because of the vary- JIM GRAHAM Leading an exploration of ways in which ing moral outlooks of the natural sciences interact with moral and the two culturally and socially different ing and interesting. The best part for me is social values, Lacey questions the idea that groups, a conflict arises. that Professor Lacey brings in a current science is value free. He presents the notion The aid organizations, backed by the seed news item that is directly related to the that general philosophical issues arise in life manufacturers, aim primarily to combat course material for that day or from the situations but that, conversely, they can also famine by using modern “technoscience.” week before.” define life issues. Although value judgments The African farmers, on the other hand, fear The issues concerning sustainable agri- cannot be logically derived from scientific that the introduction of transgenic seed—in culture were among the major topics of Sep- judgments, he says, scientific knowledge is this case, corn whose DNA has been modi- tember’s World Summit on Sustainable nonetheless essential to form sound value fied by insertion of genes from Bacillus Development in Johannesburg, South judgments, and moral and social values play thuringiensis, a naturally occurring, soil- Africa. In honor of Lacey’s retirement at the a vital role in the acquisition of scientific borne bacterium that acts as a pesticide— end of the year, a conference will be held on knowledge. When values are applied to sci- will be harmful to their agricultural system. his work next March, featuring, among oth- entific activity at the “right” moment—in They claim that traditional farming methods ers, Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin and which case, science is not value free—they would suit their needs better—were they to Vice Rector of the University of Central in no way undermine the objectivity of sci- be given adequate resources. America Rodolfo Cardenal. entific judgment, he says. Both claims are based on facts but are —Carol Brévart-Demm Lacey illustrates these abstract assump- defined by widely differing values, Lacey tions by referring to concrete, current issues pointed out. Technoscience has developed in agriculture—specifically to case studies of an agricultural product that has been proven KEITH HONORED conflicts connected to the use of genetically to work, at least for now, but whose long- Centennial Professor of Anthropology and modified organisms. term effects on biodiversity and farming former Provost Jennie Keith was honored in In the first class meeting, Lacey encour- have been neither thoroughly researched nor May by her alma mater, Pomona College, aged the nine students to examine the tested over time. The established values of with an honorary doctorate. In her talk to nature of values, guiding them to distin- traditional farming, on the other hand, com- the graduating class, she recalled the stress guish between personal values and social/ bine productivity with sustainability, em- of working with a piano professor who sat moral values. Suggesting that humans form phasizing biodiversity and enabling local behind her poised to leap forward “to defend values according to what they think is worth- farmers to work independently of large seed whatever composer I was mangling,” an while, and that these values are part of their corporations. experience that taught her that learning, being, he offered an example of a personal The students actively participated in class especially from a great teacher, is seldom value, saying: “I spent most of my life doing discussions. After the first meeting, senior comfortable. “And when you’re in that situa- philosophy because I think it’s worthwhile. Andrew Fefferman, a physics major and phi- tion,” she said,“I’d like to be that little Not many people think that. It’s a personal losophy minor, said: “The question of voice in your ear saying,‘Go ahead, try, be value.” Then, he went on to question the whether my work as a scientist would be uncomfortable. You might learn something.’” importance of friendship. Although one or value free is one that has haunted me for a Keith, whose research has focused on the two students said that it is possible to do long time.” A few weeks later, Keefe Keeley, a influence of culture and society on the lives without friendship, most argued that life freshman interested in environmental stud- of older people around the world, has would be unpleasant without it, thus form- ies and especially the use of genetically mod- returned to Swarthmore after a one-year sab- ing a shared, or deeper, moral value. ified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture, said: batical to become head of the Lang Center In the second half of the three-hour “We are acquiring a strong philosophical for Social Responsibility, a new effort to class, Lacey used a concrete example to show platform on which to discuss the issue [of coordinate the College’s civic programs. that in every social conflict there are embed- GMOs], and the class is continually engag- —Jeffrey Lott DECEMBER 2002 9 10 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN COLLECTION CL JA AS AR ATI Wind as such designs, her into translated often are landscapes Vermont snow. dramatic of The feet 5 by surrounded Vt., in Newark, studio and a home showing her said, of she photograph work,” our in lot a used Vermont. of University the and Wisconsin–Madison, of the University Philadelphia, in Arts the the of at University taught has hand,” the be in “must comfortable book a that of believes native who a Canada Vliet, Van work. her of display the by mesmerized were attended who alumni and staff, faculty, Students, approach.” different a inspired which text, of the because shapes unusual are books “These Hall, Kohlberg in lecture early slide an October during said 1955, in Press Janus words. lyrical with texture and H k T oks Bo AI NU TI VE CI Telnsaese rmtepesis press the from seen landscape “The Vermont’s of founder Vliet, Van Claire As RE ST P S RC FO A S 19)oeo eea oduson foldouts several of (1993)—one UL VA RE RM ND US V N nssnhsz h ie shape, size, the synthesize ones enchanting most The a treasure: protecting like is book a olding SS S. 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CLAIRE VAN VLIET eatv ntefed ecesadaides and teachers field, the in active be reservation. the on and off both from educators together brings which institute, summer the of importance the under- score numbers The lower. much is actual figure the thinks Fernald and language, speak the preschoolers Navajo of half than less that show studies Recent generation. every sharply drops number the exist, currently speakers Navajo time. 100,000 against roughly race Although a in is many NLA in the But ways, controls. it land loca- the and of amount tion the and tribe the the of of size because intact survive to chance best the has Navajo says, Fernald America, native understand one.” to grammar about lot a to know have “You says. he objects,” sub- and with jects agreement just not verb, information the of into lot a packs “Navajo both. to classes. their in use can teachers language Navajo that exercises cal practi- with linguistics theoretical institute combines the border, Arizona the on reservation Navajo the outside just N.M., Reho- beth, in year this Held institute. summer annual group’s the organizes he Academy (NLA), Language Navajo the of chair vice As know. should Fernald Ted Linguistics of Chair and Professor Associate speakers tongue-tied. native even leave can answer the HTSI VERB? A IN WHAT’S W BcuefwNvj igit r beto able are linguists Navajo few “Because in cultures and languages the all Of key the is verb the Fernald, to According ieasml usin u nNavajo, in But question. simple sound a may like It mean? verb a does hat

JIM GRAHAM LINDSEY NEWBOLD ’03 (LEFT) AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSORANDCHAIROFLINGUISTICSTED Leading African Poet Is Cornell FERNALD ARE WORKING TO UNDERSTAND—AND Visiting Professor PRESERVE—THE NAVAJO LANGUAGE. come to us for help,” he says. “Teaching the nternationally renowned Ghanaian verb is hard, so most teach nouns, and the Ipoet Kofi Anyidoho’s writing philoso- classes are horrible. We try to convince phy is different from that of most Eng- them the verb isn’t crazy, that there really lish bards. His compositions are sup- are rules. It’s great to turn them onto that.” posed to be heard rather than read Lindsey Newbold ’03, an honors linguis- silently.

tics major from Chester County, Pa., discov- Consequently, he won’t use a word JIM GRAHAM ered this challenge when she attended the that does not easily roll off his tongue or sound pleasing to his ear. institute to conduct her own research. “My “As a rule, I won’t use a word that I can’t say without feeling awkward about it. That’s senior thesis, on how [a Navajo verb’s] why it’s not difficult to [perform] many African poems on stage. It’s a different experience seriative prefix causes plural interpreta- to hear poems out loud,” says Anyidoho, who holds the Julien and Virginia Stratton Cor- tions, is a real mind bender,” she says. “I nell Visiting Professorship at Swarthmore this year. couldn’t have done it if I had just showed One of Africa’s leading poets and writers, he is currently a guest of the Theater Depart- up in New Mexico on my own. But with all ment and the Black Studies Program. He’ll teach two courses this year that deal with oral the interest and expertise among NLA literature and the challenge of bilingual creative writing in Africa. members, everything was set up for me.” Anyidoho is head of the English Department and director of the African Humanities In June, Newbold presented her thesis Institute Programme at the University of Ghana–Legon. He also promotes African culture at the Athabaskan Language Conference at as host and producer of Ghana television’s African Heritage Series. His latest poetry book, the University of Alaska. Her work became PraiseSong for TheLand, was released this fall. the first from a Swarthmore student to be —Angela Doody published as part of the conference’s pro- ceedings. !!!! In past summers, the NLA’s institute has “The News From Home” ranged from 10 days to five weeks, depend- I have not come this far worrying and forever worrying ing on what the group can afford. This year, only to sit by the roadside about overweight and special diet for it lasted three weeks; although Fernald and break into tears dogs and cats. hopes for the same next year, he ruefully I could have wept at home Like an orphan stranded admits that without an endowment, without a journey of several thorns “things usually get thrown together and are on dunghills of owners of earth very much hand-to-mouth.” I have not spread my wings I shall keep my sorrows to myself An additional challenge this year was so wide only to be huddled into corners folding them with infinite care the palpable absence of Ken Hale, a leg- at the mere mention of storms corner upon corner endary linguist from the Massachusetts To those who hear of military coups taking pains the foldings draw circles Institute of Technology who helped estab- and rumours of civil strife around hidden spaces where still lish what became the NLA in the 1970s. and bushfires and bad harvests at home our hopes grow roots even Hale died last fall, not long after teaching and come to me looking for fears and tears in this hour of finite chaos his last class—on the structure of the I must say I am tired Those who sent their funeral clothes Navajo verb—at the institute. very tired to the washerman “He was dying, but it was exactly where tired of all devotion to death and dying. awaiting the mortuary men to come he wanted to be,” Fernald says. We were all I too have heard of bearing our corpse in large display thrilled and amazed by his dedication, and all the bushfires Let them wait for the next and the next he was grateful for the opportunity.” the sudden deaths season only to see how well earthchildren This dedication fuels Fernald. “My and fierce speeches grow fruit and even flower dream is to build the NLA so it operates from rottenness of early morning dreams I have heard of year-round and provides career opportuni- Meanwhile ties for Navajo linguists,” he says. “To all the empty market stalls the cooking pots all filed with memory and ash I am tired engage in a high level of academic work tired of all crocodile condolence. while helping people gain access to the sci- And I am tired entific community and the information that tired of all these noises of —Kofi Anyidoho, 1984 is useful to them—for me, that integration condolence from those who is a lot of what Swarthmore is about.” love to look upon the anger of the hungry Reprinted with permission from Earthchild —Alisa Giardinelli nod their head and stroll back home (Woeli Publishers, 1984). DECEMBER 2002 11 2 S W A R T H M O R E C O L L E G E B U L L E T I N C O L L E C T I O N 2 b G C R f l l C R U a a A d E G t w r y o e r a o n c d r r o R R s n o i O ) O n g C C t t l 1 w l w A w s Y p s m t h o i F S 2 i o h r R O o a g t t s m n d b e e A A n n i m h h h a 9 e o i i h i o p r r o 0 , n l w o o v o e o o N i o i f a d v o B n s a C C n e U c e g o s s e i i l

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r l 3 d h i . t e s s s - 5 n 5 s r k - JOHN FERKO - © CLAY BENNETT i COLLEGE HONORS FINAL CLOTHIER FIELD RENOVATED FOOTBALL TEAMS Construction is nearing completion on a new A plaque commemorating the final seasons of field, track, and lighting system to replace Swarthmore’s football program has been the College’s old Skallerup Track and Clothier mounted outside the Lamb-Miller Field House Field. The project includes a state-of-the-art at the entrance to Clothier Field. It lists the synthetic track surface as well as Sofsport names of 88 athletes and 13 coaches who synthetic grass on the field. worked with former Head Coach Peter The all-purpose, all-weather facility will

Alvanos during the 1998 to 2000 seasons. JIM GRAHAM be used by field hockey, men’s and women’s Swarthmore played its final football game ANEWARTIFICIALSURFACEANDLIGHTSWILL soccer, and men’s and women’s lacrosse; it on Nov. 11, 2000, defeating Washington and ALLOWFORMULTIPLEUSESOFCLOTHIERFIELD. will also be available for club and intramural Lee 16–6. sports. Lights on the field will extend its The plaque, which was installed in Sep- ier Field goalposts were given to the former uses into the evening. tember, was part of an effort begun last players and later sent to those who were When completed in December, the surface spring to honor those players. About 180 for- unable to attend. will consist of 2-inch tufts of synthetic grass mer players and family members attended a Pagliei had proposed the idea to President atop a 1/2-inch porous rubber mat. A mixture banquet at Springfield Country Club in April Alfred H. Bloom, who provided funding for of sand and ground rubber is then added to organized by Kathy Pagliei, mother of Justin the event and video. She said that after the the “grass” to create a field that, according ’02, and Eleanor “Peggy” Schmidt Clark ’71, College decided in December 2000 to end its to Associate Director of Athletics Adam mother of Ken Clark ’03. Tom Krattenmaker of football program, “it was all about the deci- Hertz, “is nonabrasive and feels like a good, the College’s News and Information Office sion, the negativity. These kids had accom- soft natural turf field.” spearheaded production of a video, One plished a lot, and they needed a reason to The project was designed to allow for Heartbeat, that was shown at the banquet to celebrate—to have what they did be recog- groundwater recharge under the Borough of commemorate the seasons under Alvanos. nized. It was great to see them laughing, Swarthmore’s recently adopted storm-water Copies of the video, a scrapbook of team having fun, and enjoying each other again.” management plan. memorabilia, and rings made from the Cloth- —Jeffrey Lott —Jeffrey Lott

MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST MOVEMENT RALLY ON THE STEPS OF TRACKING THE THE KANSAS STATEHOUSE UNDER A SIGNOPPOSINGTHEIRVIEWSON GEOGRAPHY AUG. 24, IN TOPEKA, KAN. A STUDY BY TWOSWARTHMOREECONOMISTSFINDS OF HATE NO CORRELATION BETWEEN EDUCA- TION,UNEMPLOYMENT,ANDTHEINCI- DENCE OF HATE GROUPS.

that the paper was published some years before Sept. 11. “That fact gives it a level of objectivity,” he says. “It’s unclouded by the event. No one can think that the data were engineered to fit the situation. And what is CHARLIE RIEDEL, AP/WIDE WORLD exciting for us is that similar types of analy- n 1999, Associate Professor of Economics factors such as education and unemploy- ses of data gathered in places like Germany IPhilip Jefferson and Professor Emeritus ment, which might be presumed to be pre- and the Middle East supported our broader of Economics Frederic Pryor published a dictors of intolerance and frustration in findings that socioeconomic factors are not paper in the journal Economics Letters that communities, were not, in fact, statistically really useful in predicting the location of has gained renewed significance during the significant. Further investigation showed an terrorism.” past year. Titled “On the Geography of equally negligible connection between local Jefferson says that although, in a way, the Hate,” their research analyzed the correla- laws against hate crimes and the existence result is negative, it has been confirmed in tion between socioeconomic factors and the of hate groups in the respective localities. at least two other geographical settings, location of hate groups, concentrating on Although it focuses on domestic hate “which is good for academics,” he laughs, groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Christian groups, the paper was cited after Sept. 11 by “but we have to look elsewhere for a solu- identity groups, and white supremacist scholars trying to explain the terrorist tion to the problem of hate groups.” “skinheads.” Surprisingly, they learned that attacks. Jefferson believes it is important —Carol Brévart-Demm DECEMBER 2002 13 Cell Divisions

SWARTHMORE-EDUCATED SCIENTISTS,ETHICISTS,AND LEGALPHILOSOPHERSARE HELPINGLEADTHECLONING ANDSTEM-CELLDEBATE.

By Tom Krattenmaker Illustrations by Esther Bunning SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 14 Unlike the ethical questions

ith the advance of biotechnology, the fanciful is becom- and the actual science, ing increasingly real. Although not perfected, cloning— the concept of human cloning Wonce the stuff of science fiction—has become ever more possible. But is it wise to create genetic carbon copies of ourselves? Is it morally justifiable to clone embryos—and, as some would is fairly straightforward. remind us, destroy them—to secure the stem cells that could unlock the door to astonishing new medical treatments? Williamses. Meanwhile, news reports surfaced of a researcher The questions surrounding biotechnology are, in the words of named Panayiotis Zavos, formerly of the University of Kentucky, Robert George ’77,a member of President Bush’s Council on Bio- who claimed he was working with seven infertile couples, attempt- ethics, as prominent and poignant as any we face. And, as society ing to have cloned babies by next summer. The experiments report- begins to take them on with new urgency, Swarthmore-educated edly were occurring in an undisclosed foreign country. scientists, ethicists, and legal philosophers are helping lead the Are these promising directions for society? debate. Maxine Frank Singer ’52, an award-winning biological scientist “It’s an exciting time to be working on these issues,” says Alex and president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, is quick Capron ’66, a bioethicist and University of Southern California law to point out that we are in no position technologically to produce professor who this fall became director of ethics for the World the first cloned human being. With the science of reproductive Health Organization. “But it’s also a somewhat difficult, vexing, cloning still raw, to attempt it with a human is reckless and danger- and potentially dangerous time for society at large,” he adds. ous, she says. “We’re reaching the point where we’re going to go one way or Singer, chair of the Committee on Science, Engineering, and the other with this technology,” says George, a professor of juris- Public Policy of the National Academy of Science (NAS), points to prudence at Princeton University noted for his ethical stand against the dim recent history of animal cloning. Dolly, the cloned English destroying embryos for scientific research. “There’s going to be no sheep that attracted worldwide attention, appeared normal at birth way to stay in the mushy middle.” but is now prematurely arthritic, among other problems. Most ani- Unlike the ethical questions around it or the science of mal-cloning experiments have produced poor success rates. Typical actually executing it, the concept of human cloning is fairly is a 1999 goat-cloning experiment, cited in a recent NAS report, in straightforward: A nucleus containing most of the source per- which just 20 of 230 embryos produced were judged sufficiently son’s genes is extracted from his or her cell, inserted into an viable for implantation in a uterus; of 20 implanted, 17 miscarried. egg, and implanted into a womb. The result, if all goes well, Scientists aren’t sure why cloning is proving so difficult. is the birth of a child that is a genetic copy of the source. “For me, the fundamental objection to reproductive cloning is Another primary purpose of cloning is to produce that it’s dangerous,” says Singer, who oversaw an exhaustive report embryonic stem cells for medical research and, if the on cloning produced by the NAS panel she chairs. “Parents will be research eventually bears fruit, hoped-for treatments bitterly disappointed by the failures. I fear that a significant number or cures for diseases such as Parkinson’s or diabetes. of the children who are born may be damaged.” Current U.S. law says nothing about reproductive Singer, for one, would not ban reproductive cloning if it were cloning. Although research is allowed today on ever made reasonably safe. Then, she believes, it could become a existing stem cells, the president has banned the viable last resort for the small number of couples in the severest cloning of new embryos for scientific work. reproductive situations—cases in which both the would-be mother Last summer, while researchers, pundits, and father are infertile. and politicians debated cloning, the head- Like Singer, David Baltimore ’60, a 1975 Nobel Prize winner in lines were making the once-abstract more medicine and president of the California Institute of Technology, concrete than ever. One story from the would allow reproductive cloning if it were safe. Thoughts of a real, sports pages sounded like science fiction: live “mini-me” repulse our sensibilities, he acknowledges, but The children of baseball legend Ted Williams because of the powerful force of environment on the shaping of a had the body of the newly deceased slugger personality, a clone would never turn out the same as the genetic cryogenically frozen. In addition to hoping to “parent.” bring him back to life at some point, reports “Let us say we could reconstruct a human from a cell of Ein- said, Williams’ son wanted to sell his stein,” Baltimore says, “and a young Einstein is born into our world father’s DNA to people interested in today. Would that Einstein be the same man Albert Einstein was? I cloning and rearing their own Ted would argue no. First of all, our world is so different today. Would DECEMBER 2002 15 If a cloned Einstein were born into our world today, would he be the same man?

he even be interested in physics? I don’t know. What if he went into commerce rather than science? I’m not worried he would be another Albert Einstein.” But what about scary scenarios like cloning farms to produce athletes, armies, servants, slaves, or a genetically superior ruling caste? Baltimore believes it is not necessary to ban cloning to prevent the fiction of Orwell and Huxley from coming true. “Our democracy pro- tects us. No one has control over human breeding,” Baltimore says. “The real worry is a Hitler, not cloning—a leader who dic- tates who breeds with whom.”

any in scientific and policy circles do not share Baltimore’s Mconfidence that society could handle cloning if it became acceptable for society as reproductive decisions have been to this available. Capron and George, for instance, are troubled by its point. I don’t think asexual reproduction is just another form of implications for the fundamental bargain at the heart of parenting reproduction. It changes in a basic way the relationship between and human reproduction decisions. People enter parenthood generations. In a certain way, it obliterates it.” understanding that they cannot know what kind of person they Robert George has many of the same concerns. “As parents, we will produce and that they will commit to him or her no matter have a certain trusteeship over our children, but we don’t own what. A notion central to cloning, on the other hand, is producing them,” he says. “They’re not products. Reproductive cloning would a type—a copy of a beloved daughter who died prematurely, per- replace that view with a conception of the child as a product that is haps, or a duplicate of a sports hero through whom the parent can manufactured to order, subject to quality controls for the satisfac- live out his own unfulfilled athletic dreams. Then comes the diffi- tion of our desires.” cult question: What if the clone, because of environment and all the Capron points to possible scenarios that are downright creepy. other factors that shape ability and personality, disappoints? What Suppose a husband clones his beloved wife so he can have a daugh- if the mini–Michael Jordan has no interest in basketball? ter “just like her.” Then, what is the man’s relationship to this child As a society, Capron notes, we tend to trust personal choice in who bears none of his genetic material? Is she his daughter or his matters of reproduction; our laws, after all, allow a woman to wife? If his wife prematurely died, would he expect the clone to fill decide whether to bring a fetus to term. Couples are free to use the void? such technologies as artificial insemination if they cannot have a “The desire that feeds wanting to clone is a desire that cannot child the conventional way. But Capron, who served on President be fulfilled,” Capron says. “I worry what it will mean when this Clinton’s National Bioethics Advisory Commission, fears that per- desire is frustrated. The little Mozart might be more interested in sonal choice might not serve us in such good stead when—or if— going in the driveway to play basketball, and the little Michael Jor- the era of technologically viable human cloning dawns. dan might want to go inside and play the piano. The parent might “I believe individual choice is very important,” he says, “but we say, ‘Wait, that’s not what I ordered.’ This is not a formula for can’t be as confident that the choices people might make (around human flourishing. This is a formula for treating children as cloning) will have outcomes that are as predicable for them and as objects.” SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 16 The human embryo is entitled to full moral respect and should not nlike reproductive cloning, so-called research cloning is with- Uin the grasp of science here and now, giving the issue an be exploited or immediate urgency. The prominence of Swarthmore graduates in the debate was readily apparent on the opinion pages of The Wall destroyed to benefit Street Journal in July 2001, when George and Baltimore published dueling opinion pieces on the question on the same day. George, others, says George. who insists that embryos are human beings in the earliest stage of their lives and thus deserving of legal rights, argued against allow- and save untold lives. But what makes them attractive is the same ing researchers to extract stem cells, which unavoidably destroys thing that makes them ethically problematic. They can be extracted the embryo. Reflecting the view of most scientists, Baltimore from only embryos, and they cannot be “harvested” without argued conversely that an embryo—“a tiny mass of cells that has destroying the source in the process. never been in a uterus”—is hardly a human being. Banning their Complicating the issue was news earlier this year of research use in research and eventual therapies, he wrote, would hamstring indicating that the same medical breakthroughs might be possible the fight against deadly diseases suffered by actual human beings. with adult stem cells, though the results were too inconclusive to Their unformed nature and wide-open potential are what give give Baltimore, for one, any confidence that adult cells could ever embryonic stem cells their unique beauty in the eyes of medical substitute for embryonic cells. “It would be nice if adult cells could researchers. The goal is to find techniques to develop the stem cells do the same things, and I’m sure people will continue to pursue into specific tissues and organs that could replace diseased ones in research on them,” he says. “But embryonic cells represent our only patients’ bodies—a possibility that could revolutionize medicine hope at the moment.” UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON

Biochemist Maxine Frank Singer David Baltimore ’60, one of the Robert George ’77 is McCormick Alexander Capron ’66 is one of ’52 is president of the Carnegie most influential biologists of his Professor of Jurisprudence and the nations’s leading bioethi- Institution of Washington and generation, was awarded the director of the James Madison cists. He teaches at the Universi- chair of the Committee on Sci- Nobel Prize for Medicine at the Program in American Ideals and ty of Southern California Law ence, Engineering, and Public age of 37 for his work in virolo- Institutions at Princeton Univer- School and co-directs the Pacific Policy at the National Academy gy. He has also had a profound sity. George has served on the Center for Health Policy and of Science. In 1992, she received influence on national science U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Ethics. In the 1980s, he served the National Medal of Science for policy regarding such issues as and is a former judicial fellow at as executive director of the Pres- “her outstanding scientific recombinant DNA research and the U.S. Supreme Court. He is ident’s Commission for the Study accomplishments and her deep the AIDS epidemic. Baltimore is the author of In Defense of Natu- of Ethical Problems in Medicine concern for the societal respon- president of the California Insti- ral Law and The Clash of Ortho- and Biomedical and Behavioral sibility of the scientist.” tute of Technology. doxies: Law, Morality, and Reli- Research. Capron was recently gion in Crisis. appointed director of ethics for the World Health Organization. DECEMBER 2002 17 !!!!! Decision Rests With Society, Not Scientists

ATSWARTHMORE,MANYDEPARTMENTS PARTICIPATEINTHEPHILOSOPHICALDEBATE. JIM GRAHAM

Professor of Biology Scott Gilbert One idea is that human life Is there a moral side to this SCOTTGILBERTMAJOREDIN is often asked about both the sci- begins at the moment of fertil- issue? RELIGIONASANUNDERGRADU- ence and ethics of cloning and ization, when the egg and sperm This isn’t a debate between sci- ATE AT WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY stem-cell research. He offers his nuclei fuse. ence and religion or between ANDISTHEAUTHOROFTHE own answers to some of the ques- Another is when the fertilized good and evil. There are legiti- BEST-SELLINGTEXTBOOK tions raised in this article—ques- embryo “individuates”—when, mate competing views as to tions, he says, that are frequently about 14 days after fertilization, what constitutes human life and DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. discussed in classes at Swarthmore. an embryo can only produce one dignity. The abstract view of individual rather than twins or human dignity holds that any Are Swarthmore students How does government policy triplets. In religious terms, living entity with the potential engaged in this debate? affect stem-cell research? “ensoulment” would only be able to be human must be accorded Yes, indeed—and the philosophi- Should it go forward? to occur after individuation. This the respect due to a human cal debate doesn’t just happen Cloning of stem cells in labora- embryologic view is accepted by being. This isn’t necessarily just in the humanities departments. tories should go forward, but it the biomedical community in the a religious attitude—after all, Part of the mission of teaching must be regulated. Neither a United Kingdom. we have laws against slavery and science in a liberal arts college complete prohibition nor a lais- Then, there is the brain-wave cannibalism. is to integrate it into the milieu sez-faire capitalist approach will moment at about 25 weeks, Another view of dignity con- where it is practiced. In Embry- work. Under the rules imposed when we can first detect fetal siders disease. Disease can rob ology, I assign readings about by the Bush administration in brain activity on an electroen- people of their dignity, but one ethical issues. I also teach a August 2001, most of the 60 or cephalogram. Interestingly, the of the glories of being human is course called History and Cri- so usable lines of stem cells are medical community accepts the that we have learned to alleviate tique of Biology. John Jenkins, controlled by biotech corpora- cessation of brain waves as the and cure disease, restoring that who teaches genetics, talks tions or foreign research insti- definition of human death. It dignity. If a certain avenue of about eugenics. Amy Vollmer tutes. I don’t think the American could become a standard for the research might give back a per- (biology) and Hugh Lacey (phi- public wants this to be an un- beginning of life as well. son’s bowel function or muscle losophy) have together offered a regulated business enterprise. We Then, there’s viability—the control, how can we prohibit it course on genetic engineering. established an Atomic Energy point at which a fetus can sur- in the name of protecting human Colin Purrington’s biotechnology Commission to oversee nuclear vive outside the womb. In Roe v. dignity? course challenges students to fission; why not a similar Wade, the Supreme Court said It’s easy to make a principled question the value of bioengi- authority to help us regulate an that a fetus should not be abort- argument, to say yes or no. But neering. And Jennie O’Connell of equally powerful technology? ed after 26 weeks, but that was it’s much more difficult to say in sociology/anthropology is offer- in 1973. As medical technology some instances, yes, and in oth- ing a course on bioethics. Some assert the “inherent dig- improves, this has become a ers, no. As former religion pro- Students who become scien- nity” of human stem cells. moving target. fessor Patrick Henry used to say, tists in the next few decades will When do embryonic cells Finally, there’s birth itself. the Manicheans had it too easy. have incredible power. They need become a human being? Certainly, this is a point where They merely pitted good against to learn how science has been There are several ways to define the new life becomes physiologi- evil. The hard decisions are when misused in the past, what the that moment, but because sci- cally independent of the mother. two goods compete. ethical issues are today, and ence is better at saying what’s what they are likely to be in the not true than what is, the ulti- future. mate decision must rest with society, not with scientists. SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 18 Stem cells developed into specific tissues and organs that could replace diseased ones might save untold lives.

ut are embryos “human life,” deserving the same legal Brights as those we regard as full-fledged people? If not, when does life begin? Illustrating the profound differences in the stem-cell debate, proponents of the two primary viewpoints disagree on the very means of approaching the question. George contends that the answer is to be found in science as a definitive “yes.” An embryo, he says, “is not something apart from a human being like a potato or a car or a tree. Rather, the embryonic stage is simply a [step] in the life of a unitary determinate human being who will, if all goes well, by internal direction develop and mature to the next more mature stage of its development; and then, to the next; and ultimately, into adulthood with its unity, determinateness, and identity fully intact.” Scientists Baltimore and Singer disagree. “That’s a philosophical question, not a biological one,” Singer says. “Does a new human being begin with the formation of the Singer agrees with Baltimore that the paramount concern must egg? Does it begin with the formation of the sperm? Does it begin be for the lives of human disease sufferers. “To me, you have to bal- when the two come together? ... Does it begin at eight weeks of ges- ance these embryonic cells against all the ill people you might tation? Those are questions that are legal, philosophical, religious. help,” she says. “My colleague who has Parkinson’s disease is a wise They’re not biological.” human being who has a family and friends. To me, it’s a no-brainer The most practical source of the answer is current law, Baltimore to say that if we could treat him with some cells, we ought to do adds. “We allow abortion,” he says. “I believe the law of the land so.” To focus on the welfare of embryonic cells, she says, ponders should prevail.” only half the question—“because the life at the other end has got In August, George and fellow members of the bioethics panel to be at least as precious as the couple of cells that might grow into recommended to the president a four-year moratorium on cloning a human being.” performed for research purposes and a ban on reproductive But to George and others opposed to the use of embryonic stem cloning. Although some pundits called the moratorium an act of cells, embryos surely constitute human life. To deem humans in “wimping out,” George says it would buy our country the time it one stage of life exploitable for the welfare of humans in another needs to study, understand, and debate the issue. stage—to judge some lives more valuable than others—is ethically “These issues are difficult, but they are not resistant to rational shaky indeed, they contend. evaluation and discussion,” George says. “I think if we’re rigorous “I believe human dignity is inherent, that you have it by virtue in debating, respectful of each other in conducting the debate, and of being a human being. And you have it from the moment you willing to listen to arguments and make counterarguments, we can come into being,” George says. “So it seems to me that the human actually resolve these things. It does take an open mind and a will- embryo is entitled to full moral respect and should not be treated as ingness to confront uncomfortable truths. But I have faith that an entity that may legitimately be exploited and destroyed for pur- when people are willing to do that, we can get to the truth of these poses of benefiting others. To do that is to reduce the embryo to the matters.” T status of being the means to other people’s ends, and, in my view, that means to treat it as a thing.” Tom Krattenmaker is the College’s director of public relations. DECEMBER 2002 19 † CLAIRE WEISS ’03 “Late afternoon is my favorite time of day on campus, when the sun invades western windows and the colors are truer than reality. The paths in the Nason Garden between Trotter and Hicks are calmer than most, as they aren’t at the heart of activity. This picture embodies the sense of calm brought on by the afternoon sun—a by-the-wayside vision of Swarthmore.”

π LISA UBELAKER ANDRADE ’06 “’Can’t We Stop and Think?’ was taken on the steps of Parrish during a September protest organized by the student group ‘Why War?’ Signs protesting the impending war on Iraq were hung all along the outside of the building, but this one seemed to strike a chord even outside of that context. The message echoes some of the meaning of Swarthmore— an urge and an opportunity to pause and seriously contemplate action, thought, and life.” SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 20 THROUGH STUDENT EYES AWEEKLONG“PHOTOBLITZ”REVEALS STUDENTS’VISIONSOFSWARTHMORE.

√ ARPITA PARIKH ’04 “Capturing people on film has been a consistent source of pleasure for me both before and during my Swarthmore experience. I admire the simplicity and timeless quality of the face and the body as the central subject matter. The challenge is in bringing the subject to life. Dale Jennings ’04 (left) and Jyothi Natarajan ’05 (p. 25) are glowing in what I find to be their natural states of joy.”

he 2003 Swarth- more than 6,000 photographs What do these pictures tell middle of the night, students more calendar— were processed the following us about students’ visions of appreciate the College’s natural mailed to alumni, week. Students were given a set Swarthmore? setting. Taking photographs for parents, and of their pictures and asked to Two messages are clear: the Photo Blitz may even have friends of the Col- submit up to three per roll to a First, Swarthmore students increased their awareness of lege in Novem- jury consisting of Professor of value—above all other aspects Swarthmore’s beauty. Tber—is titled Through Student Studio Art Brian Meunier, free- of their experience at Swarth- The Photo Blitz was gener- Eyes. Its images of the College lance photographer Steven more—their fellow students. The ously supported by donations were all taken by students, Goldblatt ’67, and members of people they meet, the friendships from Fuji Photo Film USA Inc. mostly during the week of Sept. 9. the publications staff. Fourteen they form, and the lessons they and the Ritz Camera Centers Inc. During that week, the Col- photographs were selected for learn from each other are easily The Publications Office lege Publications Office spon- the calendar, but many others as valuable as the classroom retained copies of the submitted sored a “Photo Blitz,” handing were worthy of publication. experience. photos, which will be placed in out more than 360 single-use A representative selection is Second, the beauty of the College’s photo archive along cameras and rolls of film to stu- presented in these pages, accom- Swarthmore’s campus is more with a description of the project. dents. The instructions were panied by brief comments from than a mere backdrop for their At some time in the future, simple: Show us your vision of the photographers. In addition, education. Whether reading on someone will come across these Swarthmore. an exhibition of all photographs “Parrish Beach,” chatting on a pictures and remember that A quarter of the student body submitted to the jury was held garden bench, or exploring the week in September 2002. picked up cameras or film, and in Parrish Hall in late October. fog-shrouded campus in the —Jeffrey Lott DECEMBER 2002 21 π CLAIRE WEISS ’03 Students were asked to take a picture of a numbered placard identifying each roll of film. Claire Weiss had a little fun with hers: “I’ve acquired a lot at Swarthmore—knowledge, friends, experiences, stories, and memories. The objects here remind me of people and places I have come to know: coral from a spring break in Puerto Rico, a mini-rug from a friend (brought from Pakistan), a little Eiffel Tower from another friend’s trip to Paris, my hermit crab, and the list goes on.”

LAURA HIRSHFIELD ’03 ® “Lena Loefgren, the 1-year-old daughter of Assistant Professor of Anthropology Farha Ghannam, is already practicing to be like one of her baby-sitters Emily Clough ’03. Emily and I baby-sit Lena several days a week. Lena, who can be seen all over campus with her mother or one of us, is a great favorite among students, staff, and faculty. Here, she is busy researching one of her

SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN favorite things—Elmo!” 22 π H A N G N G O ‘ 0 5 “Except during infancy, my friends and I haven’t had as many naps during any period of our lives as we seem to take at the College. This is one of those Swarthmore afternoons when we all nap together in our ‘cuddle puddle’ in Chris Schad and Francisco Castro’s room in Palmer. Here, Chris is reading Spanish—he’s never taken a Span- ish course before—to Maile Arvin, on the floor, to lull her to sleep.”

√ WEE JHONG CHUA ’06 π ELIZABETH BADA ’06 “This is Alan McAvinney ‘06. The “Swarthmore—it’s full of early class- intriguing aspect of this photo is es, late-night study breaks, papers, the unique contour of his hair. and exams. Sometimes you just need As the wind from the fan forms to unwind. And who knows? You just the free-flowing image, the focus might find that thesis statement in is shifted from the person to the the clouds.” movement. The picture was taken in Willets with a professional single-use 35mm camera.” DECEMBER 2002 23 † SONAL SHAH ’05 “Begum Adalet ’05 (left) and Anand Vaidya ’05 are international students who came to Swarthmore to expand their horizons. To this end, they actively engage in view- ing the world from a different perspective every day, even turning it upside down on occasion.”

π JEFFREY MAO ’06 “Coming to Swarthmore can be a humbling experience. Everything is new and exciting, yet confusing and challenging all at the same time. You realize, when just starting out and looking up, that there are still so many steps to climb. But at the same time, you have this feeling of anticipation about the journey. It draws you in and makes you BENJAMIN GALYNKER ’03 ® want to go higher.” “It’s Saturday, Sept. 14, and I’m standing on the balcony above the stage at Olde Club, where bands often play on weekends. On stage is a rock band called ‘The Walkmen.’ I often find myself taking pictures at Olde Club because it’s so loud that I can’t have a conversation. The pictures help me remember

SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN the music and the moment.” 24 π ZACHARIAS MICHIELLI ’06 “Here we have the very rare species Herschelbus peckerus (Herschel Pecker ’06), known to inhabit only a small area in southeastern Pennsylvania. I was able to capture this teenage specimen in what is called ‘Stupid College Student Behavior.’ This extremely rare behavior has never before been photographed from such a close, dangerous vantage point.”

√ ARPITA PARIKH ’04 See caption on page 21. DECEMBER 2002 25 L IBERAL A RTS i n a Conservative L a n d

TWOSWARTHMOREANSHELP STARTAWOMEN’SCOLLEGEIN JEDDAH,SAUDIARABIA.

By Carol Brévart-Demm COURTESY OF EFFAT COLLEGE

new liberal arts college opened on Sept. chatting. In class, they discuss education, psy- which rooms have been built to accommodate 8, 1999. Stretching over several city chology, science, English, and computer technol- male visitors including the students’ fathers. Ablocks, it has classrooms, laboratories, ogy; after class, they spend time in the library, (Mothers are allowed on campus.) All the facul- and sports facilities—including an Olympic- the pool, or on the basketball court. ty and staff members are women. Until they sized pool. There’s an 800-seat auditorium, a Sounds familiar—a little like Swarthmore? enter the gates of the college, students, adminis- cafeteria, state-of-the-art library, computer cen- Except that here, the entire student body is trators, and faculty cover their clothes with ter, and a house of worship. female. Some ride to campus in college vans; ankle-length, black abayas and their heads with Groups of students in jeans, T-shirts, and others are driven in family cars; some live on matching scarves. The campus house of worship sneakers lounge in the cafeteria, laughing and campus. The college is surrounded by walls, into is a mosque. SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 26 T aiis n utcvrterhi n wear and an hair their cover must their and to families, unknown men of company be the cannot in cars, drive not that may true women is Saudi It oppressed. as West the in portrayed frequently are women and Grant, says cultures, Muslim other from different law. Islamic and traditions cultural Saudi with tiated nego- are affluence and every modernization turn, At other. the on petroleum, of nations because richest world’s the of one one and the hand, on sites, holy the these being of of “keeper” result a as half-century last in the rapidly changed has society Saudi holy places. three religion’s the of two to home Grant. says Swarthmore,” at learned on I drew everything college arts liberal I Islamic what an “Starting call lifetime. a of dean job first the its was as act and College Effat found help to working ’60, Grant Montin Marcia rmteml tdns hr hywatch they where students, male rooms the separate from in taught are they but Jed- dah, in University Aziz Abdul King public the attend women 15,000 Currently, lege. col- women’s private a starting of dreamed girls. all Saudi to available was education public early 1980s, the By women. for program education national a included 1975, his in until assassination 1964 from ruled who Faisal, under Arabia Saudi of modernization The girls. for school K-12 private a al-Hanaan, Dar created Effat Princess king, became beforeFaisal 1955, In women. for advocate education staunch of a was Faisal, King late the of wife Effat, Queen increasing. been have employment and education both in women Saudi for opportunities families, within their only role preeminent a had ditionally Islam.” of because simply women oppressed that are think to simplistic is It certain areas. in rights more have they Islamic societies, other some in women more than be limited to seem they Although right divorce. the to have they and inherit, can Arabia, women Saudi in women There business it. many within are women of role the and ing, chang- constantly is society Arabian “Saudi abaya h oeo oe nSuisceyis society Saudi in women of role The Arabia, Saudi in life dominates Islam codn oGat ue fa always Effat Queen Grant, to According tra- have women where culture a Within iea rscleei ad rba For Arabia. Saudi in college arts first liberal Jeddah—the in College Effat is his npbi.Bt rn onsout: points Grant But, public. in EESCAMPUS MOSQUE LEGE’S A TO ADDITION IN SN ULCRAMO NETIMN,S NO SO SPACES.” PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT, FOR OF THERE NEED REALM SECULAR. PUBLIC THE NO OF IS CONCEPT NO “WAHHABI HAS BECAUSE ISLAM UNUSUAL SIZE, IS ITS GRANT, AUDITORIUM. SAYS 800-SEAT AN INCLUDES culture. Arabian Saudi and academe American both with work to leaders finding was challenge greatest The LF N ABOVE) AND (LEFT (TOP) FA COL- EFFAT , ALSO

PHOTOS COURTESY OF EFFAT COLLEGE h okfle onain n nie her invited and Foundation, of Rockefeller board The the of chair and College Lawrence Sarah of president former Ilchman, friend Alice Grant’s Dr. met she visit, the During ty. socie- Arabian Saudi both and of academe cultures American with work to able be who would law) Saudi under institutions of dents” “presi- be cannot (women dean Effat College—a for leadership finding in lay challenge greatest Her saw. she what by impressed was and 1999 early in Harvard universities and Columbia as well as Smith and Holyoke Mount colleges women’s American the visited Lolowah Princess daughters. independent and confident the raise mothers to as tools them give to also but female) percent 7 approximately is workforce Saudi the (currently, women for ensure careers to successful only not was goal Her and confidence. independence of sense a instilled education that an receive to enabled be should thought, she Women, discuss. and cate, communi- question, themselves, for think to students female wanted she public universities, Saudi in practiced taking note silent and listening, memorizing, rote of ods Grant. told she learn,” can that everyone convinced am I but problems, have learning many Arabia, Saudi in up brought dyslexic. is who children her of one for Arabia Saudi in methods teaching appropriate find to struggled had She concerns. own educational her brought also and vision mother’s P lfortune. al person- Effat’s Queen from come col- would the lege for Funding project. the of charge in al-Faisal her Lolowah put Princess She daughter college. a start to license first kingdom’s the granted was became she it possible, When realized. be to begin not could vision queen’s the universities, profit non- private of establishment the mitted teachers. their with directly interact could women where environment college a ined imag- disadvantage, distinct a at female students the put professors the from distance this that seeing Effat, Queen televisions. closed-circuit on male) (also professors the nsacigfreuainlmodels, educational for searching In meth- traditional the with Disagreeing are children our way the of “Because e ni 97 hnaryldce per- decree royal a when 1997, until Yet i n wteln,ihrtdher inherited Switzerland, and bia Ara- Saudi in educated Lolowah, rincess 27 DECEMBER 2002 to Jeddah. Ilchman asked Grant to go with application form and set her. up a small admissions “I have always enjoyed consulting in cul- office.” Tuition was set at tures different from my own and was $10,000 a year, and finan- thrilled to have the opportunity to visit cial aid was made available Saudi Arabia,” says Grant. She had studied for needy students. African and Latin American politics and In August, Grant moved held seminars in Egypt on the nonprofit to Jeddah to continue the world. “But,” she says, “both the obvious project full time. Waiting hurdles and the immense opportunity to find a house in a West- involved in creating a Western-style college erners’ compound, she set- for women in Saudi Arabia drew on every- tled into a hotel. Part of thing I knew—or didn’t know I knew—how her success, she believes, is to do.” that she was a complete anomaly in Saudi Arabia— rant was clearly a good match for the a professional woman, Gtask. “I developed an early sensitivity functioning without Amer- to non-American perspectives from child- ican government, petrole- hood stays in Colombia and Mexico,” she um, or military interests. says. As an honors student at Swarthmore “Everyone was very help- in political science, she undertook projects ful,” she says, “although in Peru; Cuba; and Cameroon, Africa. Sub- they thought I was a little sequently, she obtained a Ph.D. in political crazy at the hotel. Normal- science from the London School of Eco- ly, women do not stay nomics. She began her variegated interna- alone in hotels in Saudi tional career as a professor of international Arabia. I’d send faxes in the politics at Oberlin College. When invited to middle of the night or be Jeddah, Grant was living in Barcelona, on the phone to South Spain, directing the Institute for North Africa or the United States American Studies, a private, nonprofit or wherever I was trying to organization aimed at promoting mutual recruit faculty or staff. One understanding between Spain and the Unit- morning, a fax machine ed States. appeared in my room.”

After two days of consultation in Jeddah, “Everything had to be COURTESY OF KERRY LAUFER Grant and Ilchman submitted a formal pro- reorganized or built from posal. “We thought that wonderful things scratch,” says Grant. When she went to be. There was a lot of talent involved in the could be done with a liberal arts education look at the campus, the phones were not project, but, in many cases, it hadn’t been and that they should take a year to set up working. “I went down to where the tele- recognized.” Among the clerical workers, the college,” Grant says. She wrote to thank phone operator sat, and the phones were all Grant discovered a woman from the Sudan the princess. Returning to Spain, she ringing, but her desk was empty. I looked for who was pursuing a doctorate in computer learned that her thank-you note had gener- the operator and saw that she was praying science. “She got the Computer Science ated more enthusiasm than the proposal. in the corner. I had to figure out quickly Department started with the help of the “No one on the staff could even read a for- how to set institutional standards within a head of computer science at Smith College,” mal, American-style proposal,” says Grant. culture where work and religion had to co- she says. “But they saw from the personal language of exist. And on top of that, I wanted to hire Looking for staff, Grant turned to her my thank you that I understood Effat’s an entirely female staff and faculty. My goal daughter, Alexandra ’95, who recommended vision for a liberal arts college.” Invited was to hire as many excellent women from her Swarthmore basketball teammate Kerry back, Grant returned to Jeddah for one week the Middle East as possible but also people Laufer ’94. Then a French teacher at Pen- the following June. who understood the importance of a liberal ncrest High School in Media, Pa., Laufer Grant learned that Princess Lolowah was arts education.” Grant says she searched had also taught English as a foreign lan- unwilling to wait a year—she wanted the worldwide, looking especially for women guage. Grant and Laufer talked on the college to open in September, just three who could fill more than one job. phone. “Marcia offered me a job right then months later, partly because of the elderly The fact that everything was being done and asked how soon I could come,” says queen’s failing health. Grant set to work. “I for the first time was both difficult and Laufer. “Ten days later, I was on a plane only had the one week, and I still had obli- exciting, Grant says. “We were defining bound for Jeddah. My title was registrar of gations in Spain,” she says, “so I drew up an what an Islamic liberal arts college would the college, but we did everything.” SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 28 teach gym.” Initially, the students were unwilling participants, but Grant accepted no excuses. “They would have needed a note from a government hospital to get out of gym,” she said. In the end, the Effat College basketball team ended up being one of the most popular extracurricular activities among the students. (Last year, the college staged a basketball tournament, which Laufer refereed, playing teams from several local educational institutions and a charity organization, and they held the first women’s basketball banquet in the kingdom.) One of Laufer’s first tasks was to interview the students. She found most of the students’ English skills insufficient for college courses, all of which were taught in KERRY LAUFER

aufer’s interest in the Arab world comes Grant had to Lfrom being part Lebanese. She focused her studies at Swarthmore on North African figure out quickly literature influenced by French colonialism. CORMACK But she never expected to live and work in how to set C Saudi Arabia. “I wouldn’t have sought it out were it not for this Swarthmore connec- institutional tion,” she says. With so little time, Grant and Princess standards within Lolowah decided to open the college with only two majors: early childhood education a culture where COURTESY OF ELIZABETH M and computer science, which they considered to be the most crucial areas of training work and religion English. On the spot, Grant and Laufer for women in Saudi Arabia. decided to create a preparatory English-lan- Building a curriculum was exciting. “The had to coexist. guage curriculum, hiring the American con- question was how to teach in a way that will sul general’s wife to teach English. promote critical thinking,” Grant says. “I Laufer’s role expanded, soon correspon- wanted the women to get the intellectual ding to the American equivalent of assistant tools to be able to understand both their JEDDAH IS RICH IN ISLAMICCULTURE ANDARCHI- to a college president. To write a student own culture and Western traditions, so that TECTURE, SUCH AS THECARVEDWOODENBAL- handbook, she used Swarthmore’s as a they could study whatever they wanted CONIES IN BALAD, THEOLD CITY (ABOVE LEFT). guide. When Grant needed an academic pol- while understanding the limits of both icy or an administrative procedure, she says Islamic and Western traditions. But we had NOWLIVINGINFRANCE, GRANT (ABOVE) SERVES she “just pulled it out of her head.” Alexan- to begin at the beginning: calculus and writ- AS EDUCATIONAL CONSULTANTTOPRINCESS dra, who visited the college, observes: “My ing. This is what makes Effat College like LOLOWAHAND JAMALAL-LAIL.SHE VISITS JED- mother says that creativity is translating an any school, anywhere.” They were required DAHFREQUENTLY. WITHTHE COLLEGE idea to a new place. In the case of Effat, the by the Ministry of Higher Education to idea of a liberal arts college, so familiar to ESTABLISHED,GRANT SEES HERROLEAS teach Islamic studies and Arabic. us, was taken and planted in Jeddah.” She Grant insisted that the curriculum also “TRANSLATING WHAT WEHAVELEARNED IN JED- adds: “I think that Swarthmore was present include physical education. “Women in DAHBACKTOTHE OUTSIDEWORLD.” at all times in its founding. Both Kerry and Saudi Arabia don’t have regular physical my mother demonstrated incredible ingenu- ABAYA-CLADBIOLOGIST DIANASTEIN ANDCHEM- activity,” she says. “They don’t work out or ity because of the values and ideals inculcat- move a lot—they send maids to get them ISTSHEILABROWNE (ABOVE RIGHT),BOTHMT. ed in them at Swarthmore.” glasses of water. So I found an American HOLYOKECOLLEGE FACULTYMEMBERS,VISITED AS Princess Lolowah had given Grant com- woman of Navajo ancestry in Jeddah to CONSULTANTS LAST YEAR. plete authority to make the college happen. DECEMBER 2002 29 Grateful for not having to deal with the Bryn Mawr College. “thinkers” and their ideas and teachings Saudi bureaucracy, Grant says: “We worked Now in its fourth year, the college has integrated into the curriculum in ways that in a way that cut across any lines. It’s amaz- 200 students. Eighteen new faculty mem- do not conflict with Islamic values. ing how much you can get done in a short bers were hired this year, bringing the total Laufer says, “As the organizational struc- time under those circumstances.” to 40. The current curriculum, approved by ture has taken shape, and as we continue to As opening day approached, Grant real- the Ministry of Higher Education, includes find increasingly qualified individuals to fill ized that they had not planned an orienta- information systems, educational psycholo- key positions within that structure, we now tion event for the students and their par- gy, and linguistics and translation in addi- have time for more long-term projects and ents. Then, it occurred to her that they could tion to early childhood education and com- strategic planning.” invite only the mothers. Despite this, she puter science. Courses are offered in mathe- The college has established relationships says, “I was amazed at how very much the matics, chemistry, biology, history, and eco- with the science departments at Mount fathers wanted this education for their nomics, and there are electives in art and Holyoke, Smith, and Bryn Mawr colleges. In daughters.” A large assembly was arranged, decoration as well as a course on child musi- January 2001, a physicist from Bryn Mawr including a lunch with the princess for the cal expression. Although Western philoso- and two chemists and a biologist from mothers, a tour of the campus facilities, and phy may not be taught under that name, Mount Holyoke were invited to Jeddah to meetings with the teachers. philosophers may be referred to as consult and hold a panel discussion for an

ffat College opened in September 1999. EThere were 37 students from 17 to 29 years old. They were single, married, divorced, and some were mothers. Most were Saudis, but there were also students from Afghanistan, Sudan, Yemen, Syria, and Kenya. When the Class of 2003 was asked to stand, there was a moment of intense emotion, Grant says. “Our goal,” said Grant in her opening remarks, “is to prepare these students to CORMACK cope with the world’s rapid changes, to be C educated wives and mothers, in addition to getting them ready for careers.” Mindful of where she was, she added, “We must also keep in mind Islamic values and traditions.” Princess Lolowah relayed an inaugural message from Queen Effat. “She asked me COURTESY OF ELIZABETH M to tell you that although she has been con- HAIFA JAMAL AL-LAIL, DEAN OF EFFAT COLLEGE;

cerned about the education of Saudi women MARCIAGRANT;ELIZABETHMCCORMACK,A audience of local high school teachers, the for more than 50 years, she is now handing PHYSICSPROFESSORFROMBRYNMAWRCOLLEGE; press, Effat students and parents, and this mission to the students of Effat Col- women from greater Jeddah. The American lege. It was one of her dreams to provide a ANDMICHAELFRIGANOTIS,COMPUTERSCIENCE scientists discussed science education for unique college for girls, and now, her dream AND AUDIOVISUAL CONSULTANT FROM DUBAI women, including the formation of an inte- has come true.” MEN’SCOLLEGEINTHEUNITEDARABEMIRATES grated science program. Elizabeth McCor- Aware that Effat’s leadership must be in (ABOVE,LEFTTORIGHT), CONSULT ON THE COL- mack, an associate professor of physics from the hands of a Saudi Arabian woman by LEGE’SSCIENCECURRICULUM. Bryn Mawr, says of her visit: “One of my mid-2001, Grant began the task of finding a strongest impressions was the remarkable replacement for herself. “I was very fortu- KERRYLAUFERANDHUSBANDDAVIDLANDERS collaboration of the American and Saudi nate to find and be able to work with Dr. (OPPOSITETOP),ANAMERICANTEACHERWHOM women. There is an incredible feeling of Haifa Jamal al-Lail,” she says. The first SHEMETDURINGASCUBA-DIVINGCOURSEIN common purpose and energy.” woman in Saudi Arabia to hold a Ph.D. (in JEDDAH,BARTERFORRUGS. Grant is proud that Effat College has public policy), which she completed at the developed a college culture similar to that University of Southern California, Jamal al- PORTRAITS OF MEMBERS OF THE SAUDI ROYAL of American institutions. McCormack ob- Lail is a member of the college’s original FAMILY ADORN THE WALLS OF THE COLLEGE’S served this as well: “One of the best parts of development team and was Grant’s first STUDENTHALL (OPPOSITERIGHT). our trip was a casual conversation with a consultant at Effat. In summer 2000, she group of students,” she says. “My gut reac- and Grant attended a seminar on higher tion was ‘They’re so like the young women education administration for women at in our country.’ They’re excited and bubbly SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 30 Jamal al-Lail and has worked on drafting most of the college’s procedures for the implementation of the Saudi Ministry of Higher Education’s academic policy. Detailed and demanding of accuracy as this work is, particularly as the ministry is known to make unexpected visits and demands for documentation, Laufer says that it has been helpful in setting up systems and upholding standards. “It helps prepare us for the much more rigorous standards we will face with international accreditation,” she says. The Ministry of Higher Education looks to Effat College as a model for liberal arts colleges in the country, reports Grant. COURTESY OF KERRY LAUFER AND DAVID LANDERS and enthusiastic about their potential to change the world. At the same time, they’re “Women in very different. The diversity was amazing. And they were all so interested in science— Saudi Arabia just like our students.” Laufer stresses the development of well- don’t work out rounded individuals at Effat College. “It’s all about communication, leadership, and self- or move a lot— confidence,” she says. “Effat professors use ‘questioning techniques’ to encourage stu- they send maids dents to participate in class and let them know that it’s fine to express their opin- to get them COURTESY OF EFFAT COLLEGE ions.” As it continues to evolve, Effat College glasses of water,” “By establishing Effat College, we were faces several challenges. One is the expense able to open a door in Saudi Arabia to of running the college—particularly as parts Grant says. thinking about nonprofits and philanthro- of the campus still need refurbishing. Upon py,” says Grant. Earlier this year, Grant and Queen Effat’s death in February 2000, a So they started a Jamal al-Lail were panelists in the first two third of her personal fortune went to create meetings held in Saudi Arabia on nonprofit the Effat Foundation, which now funds not physical education organizations. “They were coed meetings,” only the Dar al-Hanaan school and Effat says Grant, “which is amazing because there College but many other projects as well. program—and a really are no conferences including both Responsibility for all projects is shared by all men and women in Saudi Arabia, except in nine of her children, including Prince Saud basketball team. the medical field.” al-Faisal, the Saudi foreign minister. Alexandra adds: “Seeing Effat allowed With the uncertain international situa- me to understand that the future lies in tion, Grant and Dean Jamal al-Lail are con- building cross-cultural institutions, where cerned about recruiting good faculty, but exchanges are made that create trust and applications were actually stronger this year Arabia, the college is seeking international opportunity for members of all cultures than in past years. The college also needs to accreditation through the Middle States involved. My mother and Kerry have both increase student enrollment. Association. given a face to the idealism of Swarthmore “The real test will come,” says Laufer, “This will take several years, but we’re and, more generally, of the United States— “when we graduate our first class and send setting the foundations now and talking to our educational values. And, truly, none of them out into the world,” which will happen the right people,” says Laufer, who is in this would have come to pass if my mother in June 2003. Saudi parents are still waiting charge of the project. Currently dean’s assis- were not so daring, so willing to see poten- to see how well the students of Effat College tant for institutional development and qual- tial, where others would just see a foreign, will do. ity control and a member of the college’s impenetrable culture. Swarthmore gave her Now an established institution in Saudi senior management team, she reports to the tools to do it.” T DECEMBER 2002 31 WW e t l a n d s W a r r i o r MARGARET RENO HURCHALLA ’62 BATTLESTOSAVEFLORIDA’SEVERGLADES.

By Angela Doody

plicated watershed issues and her ability to work with and understand both sides of the preservation vs. development debate is extraordinary. She’s frequently asked to lead panel discussions or state her opinion on different issues—especially those involving the Indian River estuary, where she lives. “She’s remarkable, very persuasive. She’s got a charm about her, an easy, approachable warmth. But underneath there’s strength and confidence—classic leadership qualities,” said Shannon Estenoz, national co-chair of the Everglades Coalition and director of the World Wildlife Fund Everglades Program. “She has an extraordinary knowledge. She’s smart, energetic, and she’s an expert in government and environmental issues. She also knows all the players. She knows which personal chemistries will work and which will not. She really does see the big picture,”

JIM HURCHALLA agreed Col. Greg May, head of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Jacksonville, Fla., who recently invited her to participate in the 27th sk Margaret “Maggy” Reno Hurchalla to discuss her Annual Water Management Conference on the Indian River AAcareer, and “professional grandmother” is the first job title she Lagoon. mentions. But don’t be misled by her humility and maternal inclinations. ut for all the noteworthy stories about her professional accom- Hurchalla is something of a living legend in southern Florida—a Bplishments, there are just as many anecdotes about Hurchalla’s colorful character in local politics, the first female commissioner to unconventional personality and upbringing. be elected in Martin County there, and a champion in the fight to For starters, there was the night she took a group of politicians preserve the Everglades. and reporters skinny-dipping after voters approved a bond issue to During her 20 years as a county commissioner, Hurchalla has save Martin County’s ocean beaches. Or the time she got stuck in been credited with helping to keep the Martin County beaches pub- the mud with her kayak and had to spend the night in a Florida lic, creating a program to buy lands for conservation, and writing swamp. Or how her mother taught her to wrestle alligators, and the county’s comprehensive growth-management plan. how she’s passed the skill on to her own 11-year-old granddaughter. She was also a founding member and leader on the Governor’s Hurchalla, her two brothers and sister—former U.S. Attorney Commission for a Sustainable South Florida for five years until General Janet Reno—grew up “on 20 acres of cow pasture” along 1999. That group’s ongoing mission is to help developers, business the edge of the Everglades. The Reno children helped their mother, owners, and environmentalists cooperatively plan the area’s growth Jane Wood Reno, construct their childhood home, and Hurchalla’s while preserving its fragile ecosystems. sister still lives in the house today. Their parents were career jour- Although Hurchalla retired from elected politics in 1994, she is nalists who worked for competing daily newspapers in Miami, and still considered an authority on the resuscitation of South Florida’s the Reno children grew up with pet ponies, peacocks, the occasional watershed, which has been nearly destroyed in recent years by alligator in the house, and lots of freedom. It was there that Hur- excessive development, farm runoff, and fresh water flushed from challa developed her lifelong passion for the outdoors. Lake Okeechobee to prevent flooding. “If it’s wet, and it’s in Florida, then I love it—and I’m con- SOME OF HURCHALLA’S RECENT TRAVELS INCLUDE THE NEW GUINEA HIGH- cerned,” Hurchalla said. “Too many beautiful places are being LANDS, WHERE SHE POSED WITH A WAGHI VALLEY MUDMAN (ABOVE).NOW destroyed, and we’re running out of time.” THATSHEHASRETIRED,SHE’STRYINGTOSPENDMORETIMEINTHEFLORIDA Environmental experts contend Hurchalla’s knowledge of com- WATERS SHE LOVES (OPPOSITE). SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 32 “Mother disliked convention and didn’t care about things like us wearing shoes. But she was strict about us not being mean to people who were smaller than you. “I didn’t realize at the time that everyone didn’t have the childhood that I had,” said Hurchalla, who taught herself to scuba dive at the age of 12 and was giving professional lessons at 13. Hurchalla’s brother, Robert Reno, a columnist for Newsday, recalled that even as a child, his younger sister was a “veteran explorer” of the swamps near their home. “I don’t think there’s any part of South Florida she hasn’t been through. “I wouldn’t have predicted that she was going to be a politician. I think she got dragged into it because Martin County was developing into this suburban sprawl horror, and it was going to be ruined if someone didn’t do something,” Robert Reno said. “I think both my sisters got into [politics] because they care.” But Hurchalla’s career choice is not surprising to Janet Reno, who calls her younger sister her “best friend.” HEIDI RIDGLEY/NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION “Both my parents were interested in politics, and they taught us to be aware and understand the issues. “Maggy is extremely intelligent and has a tremendous capacity Florida, then I love it— to learn. Once having learned [an issue], she’s very good at talking about it. She also cares a great deal about people,” Janet Reno said. Hurchalla met her husband, Jim ’60, during her freshman year and I’m concerned.” when they shared a ride to Florida from Swarthmore before Christ- “I find her much more interested in achieving [ecological] mas break. On one of their first dates, Jim stood guard while Hur- restoration than pushing a personal agenda or satisfying her own challa and a friend climbed up the College’s water tower to paint ego. She has [the highest level] of leadership traits and at the same “Cheer Up” on the side. They married in the fall semester of her time has a lot of personal humility,” May said. junior year, and their first child, Jimmy, was born the following When Hurchalla was first elected county commissioner, the posi- summer. (Hurchalla has fond memories of taking the baby to a few tion was part time and perfect while she was raising her children. honors seminars during her senior year.) She was pregnant with But that changed by the time she retired 20 years later. her second child when she graduated Phi Beta Kappa, majoring in “When I started, there were 30,000 people in the county. By the psychology and minoring in biology and philosophy. time I left, there were 100,000, and I was working 80 hours a The pair eventually purchased land along the bank of the Indian week. River estuary, where they raised their four children: James, Robert, “No, I don’t miss it. It’s sad when you see things going to hell, Jane ’86, and George ’88. and you can’t do anything about it,” she said, maintaining that the Hurchalla was elected Martin County’s first female commission- county’s current board has not put environmental issues on the er in 1974. During her 20-year term, she became one of the most forefront of their agenda. “But it’s also a big relief. As a friend well known political figures in South Florida. The outspoken, noted, I can drive by a pothole now and say, ‘hey, I don’t have to do 6-foot-1-inch Hurchalla consistently went head-to-head with those anything about that.’” who wanted to indiscriminately develop Martin County and was In retirement, Hurchalla has enjoyed a wide variety of activi- sometimes criticized for inhibiting the county’s growth. But many ties—international adventures including scuba diving on Australia’s also credit her with saving valuable wetlands. Great Barrier Reef, meeting natives in New Guinea, and hiking “Maggy’s impact is enormous here. You drive through Martin Hawaiian swamps and volcanoes. She also loves canoeing and County, and it doesn’t look like the rest of South Florida. There are kayaking the Indian River Lagoon and is trying to pass her love of more Everglades there because [the county] has a progressive wet- nature and wildlife on to her two grandchildren, Kimberly, 11, and lands ordinance. James, 9. “Maggy realized early that a restored Everglades was instrumen- She also occasionally hit the campaign trail with her sister when tal to the economic prosperity of South Florida and that the envi- Janet Reno ran unsuccessfully for governor earlier this year. ronment and the economy are inextricably linked,” Estenoz said. Although she’s usually willing to attend an occasional meeting These days, Hurchalla advocates “soft solutions” to restoring on the environment or act as a sounding board to environmental- South Florida’s wetlands. One possible strategy, she maintains, is ists and politicians, Hurchalla is trying to spend more quality time purchasing land from willing farmers and restoring those areas as with her family. She is also often found in her kayak, exploring the wetlands, instead of allowing the property to end up as subdivi- beloved waters near her home. sions. “A friend said, ‘you’re trying to save [the estuary] because you “There are people who you want to call for feedback, and Maggy love it. If you love it, then go outside, and enjoy it.’ That’s what I’m is definitely one of them. trying to do more of these days,” she said. T DECEMBER 2002 33 s fascism and war infected u clear—and prescient. Within a few Europe in the 1930s and months, Kristallnacht would wreak 1940s, millions fled their havoc on Germany’s Jewish commu- homes to escape persecution E m i g r e nities. In September 1939, the Nazis Aand violence. Only a fraction of invaded Poland, and Europe—and those uprooted managed to settle later the world—was plunged into in the United States, yet among them T h e C o l l e g e war. were a remarkable number of schol- Einstein was just one of the many ars—many of them Jewish. This refugees who made immeasurable intellectual migration brought a s a contributions at institutes, labs, extraordinary men and women to colleges, and universities around many American colleges and univer- P l a c e the United States. Together, they sities, where they enriched the not only advanced their fields but intellectual, scientific, and cultur- changed the very nature of what al life of the entire nation. o f was considered “American” scholar- Perhaps the most famous of these ship and culture. refugees—Albert Einstein—was the R e f u g e Some of them came to Swarth- principal speaker at Swarthmore’s more. 1938 Commencement. Invited by Pres- They became some of the most ident Frank Aydelotte, the great respected and accomplished profes- mathematician challenged America’s DRIVENFROMEUROPEBY sors the College has ever had on its isolationists, asking how anyone faculty. Mostly Jewish, they shared FASCISMANDWAR, could “look on passively, or perhaps a common, if loosely knit, bond with with indifference, when elsewhere EMIGRESCHOLARS each other. Some became longtime in the world innocent people are ENRICHEDSWARTHMORE campus fixtures; others arrived late being brutally persecuted, deprived FORNEARLY in their careers and stayed only a of their rights, or even massacred.” HALFACENTURY. short time. One even inspired a He did not refer by name to the work of fiction. dark forces at work in his native By Alisa Giardinelli All made lasting connections Germany, but his message was with their students.

he numbers of refugee faculty are dwin- were teenagers. They arrested us and took us Tdling fast. Only one, William R. Kenan Jr. u to police headquarters.” Professor Emeritus of Classics Martin Ost- Martin Ostwald They and their father were held in a cell wald, remains a presence on campus. He can with 17 others. “The next day, the 11th,” he still be found most mornings making his way (b. 1922) says, “we were marched to a railroad station, from his home on Walnut Lane to his study carrel in McCabe, put on a train, and shipped out to Sachsenhausen, a concentration where he continues his writing and research. camp near Berlin.” Last fall, Ostwald was awarded an honorary doctorate from the His experiences at the camp are burned deep in Ostwald’s mem- university in his hometown of Dortmund, Germany. His decision to ory. Most of all, he remembers his father’s words to him and his accept the award and return to Germany—which he had fled as a brother just before the boys’ release on Dec. 3. teenager—was not an easy one. But he did and, in the process, “My father is the one to whom I owe my love of classics,” he found some relief for what he calls an “agony of the soul.” says. “He knew Greek fairly well, and he quoted Homer to us: ‘The Ostwald’s father, a classically trained lawyer, insisted on a similar day will surely come when holy Troy will perish, with Priam and education for both him and his younger brother. But Martin’s plans Priam’s people.’ He wanted to comfort us, to tell us this kind of Ger- to enter the rabbinate—as well as life itself—changed drastically many wouldn’t last. It didn’t, but he didn’t either.” His sons never after Nov. 10, 1938—Kristallnacht. saw him again. “It was a free-for-all on anything Jewish,” he says. “In the mid- Ostwald suspects it was his mother’s efforts to get them on a dle of the night, a bunch of SS officers came to our apartment and children’s transport that brought about their release in late 1938. It wrecked the place.” took them first to Holland, then 10 weeks later to England. In the morning, the family called the police. “We were still citi- “At the time, neither my brother nor I realized we’d never see our zens deserving of their protection,” Ostwald says indignantly. parents again,” he says. “It was not until after the war that we “They came and said, ‘We don’t see anything.’ My brother and I learned of their deaths.” SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 34 OTY N AEILCULTURE. POLITICS, MATERIAL HISTORY, WITH AND INCLUDE LANGUAGE POETRY, THAT OF ABILI- STUDY INTERESTS HIS RIGOROUS BROAD FOR COMBINE KNOWN TO SCHOLAR, TY CLASSICAL RECOGNIZED OSTWALD HR A 1970) CA. (HERE EAEA INTERNATIONALLY AN BECAME epems cleanse must people Icntfre about forget can’t “I htdesremain, dregs what hmevsi their in themselves h at u also I but past, the nwteps is past the know agl oe Of gone. largely w way.” own

WALTER HOLT 35 DECEMBER 2002 In 1941, both Ostwald parents were sent to the Theresienstadt ined the political and social tensions within ancient Athens, has (Terezin) concentration camp, where his father died in 1943 and was been praised as an indispensable work of political, social, and cul- buried by Leo Baeck, the last chief rabbi in Germany. “On Oct. 18, tural history. 1944, my mother was sent to Auschwitz,” he says. “That’s the last we In an even greater testament to his influence, Ostwald also drew know of her.” generations of students to careers in classics. “There is no question that Martin was the person I wanted to emulate as a scholar,” says fter escaping from Germany—on a passport stamped J, which Ralph Rosen ’77,a professor of classical studies at the University of Ahe still has—Ostwald’s path to America took several years, over Pennsylvania. “His interests are amazingly broad within the field of anything but a straight line. In fits and starts, he even managed to classics. He showed that the real reward of getting good at reading continue his education. In England, he lived at a Ramsgate hostel, Greek and Latin came when one asked the ‘big’ questions about which had been rented by a group of Jewish doctors to provide antiquity that still resonate with us today.” housing and English lessons for refugee children—one of the many On Ostwald’s retirement in 1992, Rosen solicited and co-edited selfless acts to which Ostwald attributes his education. Once the more than 40 critical essays from his mentor’s former students and war began, he was forced to move to decidedly worse conditions at a colleagues for Nomodeiktes: Greek Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald. farm school in Oxfordshire. Later, after Germany invaded France in Ostwald’s additional honors include some of academia’s most May 1940, a stint as an apprentice waiter in Bournemouth ended esteemed: president of the American Philological Association; elec- when he was interned, not unhappily, by the British government. tion to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; member of the Shipped to the Isle of Man, then to Canada, Ostwald arrived in American Philosophical Society; and an honorary degree from the Quebec City on July 14, 1940: Bastille Day. He was 18. Ostwald did University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Yet none required the soul not see his brother, who remained in England, again until several searching that would be asked of him in Dortmund in fall 2001. years after the war. Ostwald spent two years in refugee camps. Fellow internees had vowed never to go back, never to set foot on German soil started a camp school, where he resumed his education and also Iagain,” says Ostwald. “One doesn’t know whose hand one taught Greek and Latin. Students were excused from some camp shakes.” Despite this aversion, he had made occasional trips over the years, including an emotional return with his two grown sons to his family’s ancestral village, Sichtigvor, where he was reunited with He had vowed never to return long-lost childhood friends. Yet it was his first trip back, in 1966, that may have led him to to Germany: “One doesn’t return in such a public capacity last fall. On sabbatical in Greece, he took a side trip to visit two former Columbia professors, both Ger- know whose hand one shakes.” man and then living in Munich. “One was so thoroughly admirable it was almost unreal,” he says. “He felt it was his duty to go back work but not all. While working toward his high school certificate, and educate young Germans.” It was a lesson Ostwald would emu- Ostwald also made camouflage netting and knitted socks for the army. late more than 30 years later. With the backing of a Jewish fraternity, the University of Toronto In 2001, seemingly out of the blue, the University of Dortmund accepted him and about 20 others from the camp. To assuage offered him an honorary doctorate for his achievements in cultural trustees worried about “enemy aliens” studying on campus while history. Flattered as he was, Ostwald says he could not suppress the the country was at war, the group trained, in uniform, in the school’s thought that the invitation would not have been extended had he Canadian Officer Training Corps. not been a hometown Jew. Receiving assurances he had been select- After Toronto, Ostwald enrolled at the University of Chicago’s ed before his heritage had been investigated, he accepted—on the Committee on Social Thought, where he wrote a master’s thesis on condition that he could meet informally with a group of students the treatment of the Orestes myth in Greek tragedy. In Chicago, he and find out firsthand what they knew about the Nazi period. met his wife, Lore, also a German refugee; in 1952, he earned a Ph.D. This meeting with several dozen students, who peppered him from Columbia University. with questions about his past, was the clear highlight of a trip that Ostwald taught at Wesleyan University for one year and at also included a visit to his old school. “They understood when I told Columbia for seven before Centennial Professor Emerita of Classics them I sympathized with them for the terrible burden they had to Helen North, now his neighbor, recruited him to Swarthmore. He bear for the shame their immediate ancestors had put on a once recalls fondly his colleagues’ friendly reception on his arrival and great and respectable nation,” he says. the “warm, family atmosphere” at Crum Ledge Lane. It may have taken a lifetime, but Ostwald says he has come to At Swarthmore, Ostwald taught honors seminars that combined terms with his past. “My personal experiences show me,” he says, Germanic philological rigor with a relaxed, conversational style. He “how human beings are capable not only of degrading and dehu- also benefited from an unusual joint appointment with the Univer- manizing themselves and their fellow men but also that people have sity of Pennsylvania, which allowed him to continue research on the potential to achieve greatness by creating monuments in art, lit- fifth-century Athens with Penn graduate students, maintaining this erature, philosophy, and social justice that constitute the values of dual role for 20 years. He published widely, and his magnum opus, civilized life. In my case, the Greeks have shown the way, and it is From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law, in which he exam- their heritage that I have tried to pass on to my students.” SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 36 lever, charming, Cutterly devoted u to her students but Hilde Cohn also tough, intense, (1909–2001) even “a holy terror.” Those who knew and loved her use these words to describe Hilde Cohn, who taught German language and literature at Swarthmore for more than 25 years. Cohn was born in Görlitz, a town on the German-Polish border. Her childhood visits to the opera in nearby Dresden instilled a lifelong love of the art, and after studying literature and fine arts, she earned a doctorate magna cum laude from the University of Heidel- berg in 1933. As a young woman, Cohn wrote essays for Jewish youth organi-

zations and cultural articles for Berlin’s Vossische Zeitung. She also FRIENDS HISTORICAL LIBRARY published a study on the Jewish woman in medieval Germany, taught German Jewish children in a Florentine boarding school, COHN IS REMEMBERED FOR HER PASSION FOR ART AND MUSIC AND HER LOVE and worked as a librarian at the American Academy in Rome. OFTHEWORKSOFTHEAUSTRIANWRITERHUGOVONHOFMANNSTHAL. But life as she knew it did not last. Cohn was living with her family when her father was first arrested around 1935 (when her [Thomas] Mann in the original German,” Smart laughs. sister and brother-in-law left Germany for Italy, later settling in the After she retired in 1975, Cohn maintained a steady presence in United States) and taken into “protective custody.” In a 1994 inter- Swarthmore by attending lectures and classes on campus and vol- view, she said: “To us, that is not a good term.” He was released unteering in the town’s library. “She thought of her life as a contin- soon after, but it was a sign of the worst still to come. uing intellectual journey,” says Thompson Bradley, professor emeritus of Russian. “That kept her intellectually young.” Cohn is remembered for her tremendous passion for art and “She wanted her students to music, her well-cut suits, and her love of the works of Hugo von Hofmannsthal, an Austrian poet, dramatist, and essayist. Her succeed and would give them friends could expect a poem in English and German on their birth- days. For this woman who never married and lived alone much of as much time as was needed.” her adult life, these relationships meant the world.

In 1937,Cohn became the first in her family to come to America. She did so on the advice of Hertha Kraus, a member of Bryn Mawr tudying psychol- College’s social work faculty and also a Jewish refugee. By Cohn’s Sogy under Köh- u count, Kraus helped “hundreds of people like me.” In her case, ler is like studying Wolfgang Köhler Kraus encouraged her to teach German, saying she would not know religion under much about her language until she did. When a position to teach god”—at least that’s (1887–1967) introductory German opened at Bryn Mawr, she took it. More than how the Halcyon once put it. But for Köhler, hyperbole was hardly 50 years later, she still had the pay stub (for $300) for her first needed. His reputation as a founder of Gestalt psychology and American job. dominant figure in the field was already well established before he But Cohn’s parents had remained in Germany. Soon after arriv- came to Swarthmore. ing in the United States, she received word that her father had The son of German parents, Köhler was born in the port city of died—or was killed (she never learned the details)—in Buchen- Revel [now Tallinn] in Estonia, then a Russian province. After wald. Cohn’s mother managed to escape on the last boat to Italy attending the Gymnasium (academic high school) in Wolfenbüttel, and followed Cohn to the United States. The Nazis later used her he studied at the universities of Tübingen, Bonn, and Berlin and family’s home, which her father had built, for offices. received a Ph.D. in 1909 for a dissertation on psycho-acoustics. Cohn taught at Bryn Mawr for 10 years before joining Swarth- In its early days, experimental psychology was “all very roman- more’s German Department in 1948. At Swarthmore, Cohn men- tic” to the young Köhler, as it was filled, he imagined, with labs, tored the German club and developed a strong following among experiments, and dramatic discoveries. He continued his auditory her students. “She wanted her students to succeed and would give research as an assistant and lecturer at the Psychological Institute them as much time as was needed,” says Betty-Barbara Smart, a at the University of Frankfurt, where he met Kurt Koffka and Max longtime friend. “She loved her subject and wanted them to love it, Wertheimer. Together, their work launched the Gestalt movement, too.” based on the belief that perception is best understood as an organ- Cohn could also be serious, almost to a fault. “She saw no rea- ized pattern rather than as separate parts. son why I—an American who came to German at 20—didn’t read In 1913, Köhler became director of a primate research facility DECEMBER 2002 37 maintained by the Prussian Academy of Sciences on Tenerife, the largest of the Canary Islands. There, he applied Gestalt principles to study chimpanzees and recorded their ability to devise and use tools and solve problems. Effectively interned there with his family during World War I, he used the time productively. In 1917,he published and gained fame with The Mentality of Apes, in which he argued that his subjects, like humans, were capable of insight learning. His work led to a radical revision of learning theory. Köhler returned to Germany in 1921 as head of the Psychologi- cal Institute and professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin, where he continued to explore and write about Gestalt theory. At the same time, he publicly responded to the country’s changing political situation by writing, in April 1933, what became the last anti-Nazi article openly published in Germany under national socialism. Speaking of his friends who had not joined the Nazi movement, he wrote: “Never have I seen finer patriotism than theirs.” Köhler, who was not Jewish, went on to name several influ-

ential and respected scholars—including philosopher Benedict FRIENDSRICAL H ISTO IBRARY L

(Baruch) de Spinoza and physicists Heinrich Hertz and James WOLFGANGKÖHLER (LEFT) WASONEOFMANYNON-JEWISHSCHOLARS Franck—who were, as he noted, all Jewish. Köhler’s independence did not go unnoticed. “The Nazis invad- FORCED FROM EUROPE BY THE FASCISTS. HE WAS SOON JOINED AT ed his institute,” says New School University Professor Emerita of SWARTHMORE BY HIS FORMER RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, HANS WALLACH Psychology Mary Henle. “It was a very close-knit group, and they (RIGHT), WHO LATER BECAME PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND A LEADING hired and fired people without consulting him.” PROPONENT OF GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY. Conditions deteriorated further. By 1935, Robert MacLeod, who as a young researcher had studied at Köhler’s institute in the fered tremendous headaches and feared he had done permanent 1920s, was chair of Swarthmore’s Psychology Department. Learn- damage to his brain. But there were no long-lasting ill effects.” ing of Köhler’s untenable situation, he prevailed on President Köhler received numerous honors throughout his career, including the American Psychological Association’s first Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. He later served as the organization’s Köhler helped put Swarthmore president. He also spent a year as a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University and was a research profes- on America’sintellectual map. sor at Dartmouth College. He died in New Hampshire in 1967. After Köhler retired from Swarthmore, the College awarded him Frank Aydelotte to offer him a position. The result: Köhler came an honorary doctorate in sciences, one of many he received. The that year and, with MacLeod, built the department by attracting as citation acknowledged his status as an innovator, discoverer, and research associates names now familiar in the field, including scientist of “the first rank” and as a “broad humanistic scholar who Henle, Karl Duncker, and Hans Wallach. The latter two had been is informed in history, politics, the arts, and philosophy and who his assistants in Germany. uses all to further his insights into the human mind.” Dean “He was very good about helping his younger colleagues,” Henle William Prentice also described him as “a cherished colleague … in says. “We would show him papers we were preparing for publica- many fields and many lands, he is also a warm and loyal friend of tion. He even made our English better. He once inserted a sentence students and fellow Swarthmoreans without number.” in a paper of mine, then quoted the sentence and attributed it to me.” At Swarthmore, Köhler was also known for his intellectually or more than exhausting seminars and for his deadly serious approach to his F50 years, Hans u research. In a 1976 interview, Wallach described one perception Wallach—a major Hans Wallach experiment, related to figural aftereffects, in which Köhler, as the contributor to the subject, had two electrodes fastened to the back of his head. field of visual and (1904–1998) Kohler, sitting in front of a complex pattern, expected to see it auditory perception and learning—was one of the most distin- change shape as the current passed through his head. Not seeing guished members of the Swarthmore community. That he ever any change, he encouraged his assistant to turn the current higher, arrived was as much a fluke as Wolfgang Köhler’s arrival the year ultimately past the safe limit. At that point, Wallach fell ill and left before. the room. Köhler, meanwhile, never saw the pattern distort. Born in Berlin, Wallach joined the University of Berlin’s Insti- “He stopped the experiment when half of his visual field turned tute of Psychology, then the center of Gestalt Psychology, as a 22- dark,” Wallach said. “For the next week, he looked awful. He suf- year-old research assistant for Köhler, a role he would also play at SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 38 Swarthmore. “I had enormous luck,” he said in a 1976 Bulletin touched and amused that such a serious, famous scholar would interview. “[W]e did a lot of different things that year. No publica- even think about my marriage prospects.” tions resulted, but I learned a lot.” Wallach won numerous awards and fellowships during his After working with Köhler for a year, Wallach continued his own career, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Howard Cosby experiments on perceptual phenomena at the institute. When the Warren Medal of the Society of Experimental Psychologists. In Nazis came to power in 1933, the institute’s administration advised 1986, he was elected to the National Academy of Science. His him to complete a Ph.D. as quickly as possible. He did the next research on perceptual adaptation advanced the field’s understand- year—barely. As he wrote in a memoir: “Being Jewish, I knew that I ing of the role of learning in the perceptual process. He is also cred- had eventually to leave Germany and had better hurry getting my ited with discovering the basic psychological principle that makes Ph.D. [N]ot well prepared, I took my orals. I shall never forget the stereophonic reproduction possible. kindness of [two professors] who, aware of my precarious situa- In 1991, a fellowship was established in Wallach’s honor to sup- tion, allowed me to pass.” port a summer research project in psychology by a Swarthmore stu- Soon after, Köhler, who had previously told Wallach he would dent. Many of his colleagues and former students contributed to see to it that he would get to America, invited his former assistant the creation of the prize. to join him at Swarthmore. He arrived in 1936 but did not teach Although known primarily for his work in perception, Wallach until he became an instructor after the war. “The research associ- thought the subject had been explored enough. So he began to ates did no teaching,” he said. “Being asked to teach a course at study memory. Ironically, he thought his own was not so good: Swarthmore has never been a casual matter.” “I always say: ‘Half of creativity consists in forgetting what one Had he not followed Köhler to the United States, Wallach had thought about the matter before.’ So a bad memory may be an aid no doubts about his likely fate. “If I had not been Jewish and I had to creativity. I think I never had a very good memory. You can made the mistake of staying in Germany, I would be dead,” he said. always make a virtue out of a shortcoming.” “All of my friends who stayed behind were of draft age and were killed on the Russian front. That’s where I would [have been], if I had stayed. Somewhere dead in Russia.” he Russian Rev- At Swarthmore, Wallach progressed through the ranks and was Tolution. The rise u named a full professor in 1953. He chaired the department from of fascism in Berlin. Olga Lang 1957 to 1965 when he was named Centennial Professor of Psychol- Japan’s invasion of ogy. Wallach retired from the active faculty in 1975 but continued China. The Nurem- (1898–1992) berg trials. Communist witch-hunts in the United States. Olga Lang witnessed enough major events in the first half of the 20th Wallach had no doubt about his century to last several lifetimes. Then, she came to Swarthmore. Like her fellow émigrés, Lang brought to the College a broad cul- likely fate had he stayed in tural knowledge. “Olga by memory knew almost all of Russian poetry,” says her colleague Thompson Bradley. “You could give her Germany:“I would be dead.” a line, and she would recite the whole poem. She was the quintes- sential Russian intelligentka.” his work as a research associate until 1987. But unlike other émigré colleagues, Lang never received tenure In that time, Wallach firmly established his reputation for bril- and was never promoted to full professor. Her time at Swarthmore liant scholarship and an inspirational, decidedly eccentric style. He was by far the shortest of any of them. drove a jalopy and called people “darling.” He chain smoked during “Of all the émigrés on the faculty, the most interesting—and his seminars, often getting so immersed in thought that he would most difficult—was Olga,” says her friend Martin Ostwald. “She hold his Camels as they burned to the ends. And he paced. knew and published a lot and was a wonderful and dedicated “You could go to Hans with a question,” says his former student teacher. But she never received the recognition she deserved.” and colleague Dean Peabody III ’49. “He’d pace in his office, into “She needed senior faculty to fight for her,” Bradley agrees, the hall, and disappear. Then, he might come back in a half hour.” “though most did not recognize her true gifts or her scholarship. Thompson Bradley, new to the Russian faculty in the 1960s, She was small, had a pronounced accent, and she often was treated remembers how Wallach used to walk with his hands tucked with condescension. It was easier to dismiss her or find her comical behind his belt, flat against his stomach. “He’d often come to your than find out who she really was or what she lived through.” office door, ask a question, then walk away,” he says. “A day later, Lang was born to a Jewish socialist family in Ekaterinoslav, Rus- he’d come back and ask, ‘So, what do you think about that?’” sia (a large industrial city, now Dnepropetrovsk, in eastern Ukraine). But despite his immersion in his work, Wallach could be sur- She studied Russian and European history and literature at the prisingly interested in life’s nonacademic aspects. “When I was elite Women’s University in Petrograd during World War I and deciding whether to go to graduate school in French or in psychol- became an activist member of the Left Socialist Revolutionary ogy,” says his former student Johanna Mautner Plaut ’59, “Hans Party, witnessing the 1917 revolution. Wallach told my father [Franz Mautner] that he worried that if I After further study at Moscow University, Lang worked for the chose French, I’d have less chance of finding a husband. I was both Central Council of Trade Unions and later moved to Berlin in 1927 DECEMBER 2002 39 with her husband, a German doctor. As a reporter covering German labor and politics for the Soviet labor journal Trud, she interviewed workers and attended (sometimes taking part in) strike meetings “Of all the émigrés on and conventions. She also joined the German Communist Party. In 1932, a collection of her “sketches” was published in Moscow as the faculty, the most Images of German Workers. By the time Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Lang was part of interesting—and most the radical left intellectual world in Berlin along with her second husband, Karl August Wittfogel, then an outspoken critic of the difficult—was Olga.” Nazis. Swastikas in neighbors’ windows became more frequent, as did attacks on Communists in their homes. After their apartment was raided, the couple went into hiding. Lang developed then what Hospital, where she was head of social services, helped form the would become a lifelong predilection for public telephones, terrified basis of Lang’s Chinese Family and Society, published in 1946. as she was of being overheard by Nazi police if she used her own. After Japan invaded China in 1937,Lang came to America, where Later that year, Wittfogel was arrested while trying to leave the during World War II she helped prepare soldiers for service in Asia country and sent to a prison camp. Lang pushed for his release over as part of the Army Specialized Training Program. She also helped the next eight months, even, with her strongly accented German, compile and edit a dictionary of spoken Russian. After the war, she appealing in person to SS officials at Gestapo headquarters. Her worked for the newly formed United Nations and as an interpreter efforts succeeded, and the couple fled first to England, then China. and researcher at the Nuremberg trials. (Wittfogel later renounced communism. In 1951 testimony In 1951, Lang began graduate studies at Columbia University before a McCarthy-era House subcommittee on internal security, he and received a Ph.D. in Chinese and Japanese. She became an named Lang—by then his ex-wife—along with several of his for- expert on Pa Chin, an anarchist writer popular among Chinese stu- mer friends and colleagues.) dents in the 1930s and 1940s. Her dissertation Pa Chin: Chinese In China, Lang immersed herself in the culture and learned to Youth in the Transnational Period was followed by her 1967 book Pa speak and write the language. She also met Ida Pruitt, an American Chin and His Writing: Chinese Youth Between the Two Revolutions. social worker whose files from the Peking Union Medical College Although by then at Swarthmore, Lang never taught Chinese at the College because, despite her efforts, no program existed. (Swarth- more offered its first year of Chinese language in 1981.) Lang eschewed small talk and rarely spoke of her personal life. Yet she relished discussions of theater, politics, and Russian history and literature. After a dinner party Lang gave for a Soviet bureau- crat in the writers’ union who spoke on campus in 1964, she and her guests peppered the official with questions. According to Thompson Bradley, also in attendance: “Olga Lamkert (see box. p. 41) wanted to know about everything happening in the Russian church; Helen Shatagin wanted to know about the [Smolny Institute],which after 1917 had become the Communist Party headquarters;Olga wanted to know about trade unions,people in cultural affairs,how the university was organized,and most of all about the writers and poets.” Bradley was amazed by what followed. “When he couldn’t answer any of their questions,” he says, “they gave him a stern political, historical, and cultural history of Russia and the Soviet Union since the beginning of the century. He was flabbergasted.” Lang always kept an apartment in New York, and, after retiring from Swarthmore, she returned to Columbia as an adjunct associ- COURTESY OF THOMPSON BRADLEY ate professor of Russian. She continued her research on Chinese- OLGALANG’SSWARTHMORECOLLEAGUEPROFESSOREMERITUSOFRUSSIAN Russian cultural relations and remained affiliated with the univer- THOMPSON BRADLEY SAID OF HER GENERATION OF EMIGRE INTELLECTUALS: sity until 1985. She then moved to a nursing home in the city, “IT WAS A RICH CULTURE AND A WONDERFUL, COSMOPOLITAN WORLD THEY where she died in 1992. Her death went unnoticed by the College, BROUGHT WITH THEM. AT SWARTHMORE, WE WERE THE FORTUNATE BENEFICI- which continued to send her mail for another year, until a former ARIES.WHENONEOFTHEMDIED,ITWASASIFNOTJUSTAPERSONHAD neighbor included the news in a returned invitation. Although Lang may have not received the respect she deserved GONE—BUTAWHOLEWORLD.”BRADLEYISFARRIGHTINTHISPHOTO- from Swarthmore, “she did get lifelong recognition from her stu- GRAPH,WHICHALSOINCLUDES (LEFTTORIGHT) LANG; THE LATE COLLEGE dents,” Bradley says, “and she should have. They loved her.” LIBRARIAN MICHAEL DURKAN; AND IDA PRUITT, WHO LANG HAD FIRST MET “She was a mensch,” says Ostwald, “a civilized human being.” IN CHINA DURING THE 1930S. SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 40 nveloped by lan- Eguage” is how u one former Swarth- Franz Mautner more student (1902–1995) described Franz Maut- ner, who taught German language and literature at the College from 1955 to 1972. But he was not simply a Germanist. For Maut- ner, “Greek and Latin were among the celestial bodies that wan- dered the heavens of literature.” Born in Vienna, Mautner studied at the University of Heidel- berg in Germany and at the University of Vienna, where he received a Ph.D. in German language and literature in 1926. At that time in Austria, Jews were prevented from teaching at the university level, so Mautner and his wife, who were both Jewish, taught at Gymnasia. But within days of Hitler’s occupation of Austria in 1938, both were dismissed from their positions. Even at that early point in his career, Mautner demonstrated his ESYBRELSFORD/COURT O FJ OHANNA M AUTNER P LAUT ability to make strong connections with his students. According to MAUTNER PLAYED WAITER AT A DORMITORY DINNER AT OHIO WESLEYAN his daughter Johanna Mautner Plaut ’58, one of her father’s Gym- UNIVERSITY IN 1947. HIS WIFE, HEDI (RIGHT), LAUGHSASHEJOKESWITH nasium students “courageous[ly]” wrote to him not long after his THEIR DAUGHTER, JOHANNA MAUTNER PLAUT ’58. dismissal to thank him for his teaching and for giving him an appreciation of the German language. The letter touched him During his distinguished career, Mautner wrote more than 50 deeply, and he wrote in his reply: articles and six books and edited 10 more, all on German literature. “Amidst the worries and suffering that have come to me and my His critical works on three writers in particular—18th-century Ger- fellow teachers, it is a consolation for me that my life’s work—to man physicist and aphorist Georg Lichtenberg; 19th-century Aus- convey to others my love for the German language—has not been trian satirical playwright Johann Nestroy; and Karl Kraus, an early 20th-century Austrian satirist—are credited with helping raise them from relative obscurity to prominence in the German-speak- “Swarthmore was exactly ing world. Honors followed, including his election to the German Academy the right place for him. He for Language and Literature in 1977,a rare honor for scholars not living in Germany or Austria. He also received the Cross of Honor, would often say how lucky he First Class, for Merit in Arts and Letters in 1969 from the Austrian government and, later, a silver medal from the City of Vienna. was to have come.” Mautner never commented on the irony. “My father was a real gentleman, even in his very old age,” Plaut in vain.… But I do not want to burden you with the historical says. “He preserved his European chivalry.” Thompson Bradley events that have come to you, that must be seen as the intertwined offered an example of this at Mautner’s memorial service at the consequences of deep-rooted historical and intellectual develop- Swarthmore Friends Meetinghouse. “I learned the word ‘colleague’ ments…. Your letter did me a great deal of good. I, too, will never from Franz,” he says. “When I received tenure, he was the only per- forget you.” son who wrote me a letter to congratulate and welcome me as his After the war, the student tracked his former professor down colleague.” through the Red Cross, and they developed a deep friendship. Mautner surely embodied the word. Says Bradley: “He looked With the help of his older brother, a bank economist in Amster- and always behaved like the fine, principled, European scholar that dam, Mautner and his family left Europe in July 1938, when daugh- he was.” T ter Johanna was 1 1/2 years old. He and his family went to the Unit- ed States, and his mother, other brother, and two sisters went to London. But the brother stayed in Amsterdam. “When Holland Other refugees who found was occupied,” Plaut says, “my uncle was tragically sent to the homes at Swarthmore camps, first Terezin and then Auschwitz, where he was killed.” Source references and additional photographs of the émigré profes- After arriving in the United States in 1938, Mautner taught at a sors featured in this article may be found at the Bulletin Web site: number of colleges, including Ohio Wesleyan and Kenyon. In 1955, www.swarthmore.edu/bulletin/dec02. Also on the Web are biograph- Plaut’s sophomore year, he arrived at Swarthmore. “It was exactly ical sketches of five additional émigrés who taught at Swarthmore: the right place for him,” she says. “In his later years, he would often Elisa Asensio, Oleksa-Myron Bilaniuk,Tatiana Manooiloff Cosman, say how lucky he was to have come. He particularly appreciated Olga Lamkert, and Helen Shatagin. Readers may contribute reminis- Swarthmore’s Quaker values and the quality of the students.” cences of these and other émigré professors to the Web site. DECEMBER 2002 41 COUNCIL MAKES APPOINTMENTS TO COLLEGE COMMITTEES Connections The Alumni Council has appointed two alumni to current College committees. Michael Davidson ’91 has joined the Land- Use Planning Committee, which is charged with looking at the long-term land use needs and policies of the College. Davidson is an attorney with Duane, Morris & Heck- scher in Philadelphia. In addition, Scheryl Williams Glanton ’74 is a member of the Parrish Hall Renova- tion Committee, which is helping to plan the upcoming renovation of Parrish Hall. ʼ 87 Glanton, an entrepreneur, is proprietor of Country Elegance in Philadelphia. ALUMNIDIGEST

ERIC SALATHE JR. UPDATE YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS Does the College have your current e-mail A GROUP OF SEATTLE-AREA ALUMNI ARRANGED FOR A NATURALIST-GUIDED LOW-TIDE WALK ALONG address? E-mail saves time, money, and PUGET SOUND IN AUGUST. CONNECTION CHAIR DEBORAH READ ’87 ORGANIZED THE EVENT. trees! In return, you can communicate with your classmates, which is especially impor- RECENT EVENTS Triangle (N.C.) Connection: With the help tant for reunion; receive notices regarding Boston: Stephanie Hirsch ’92 is the new of Connection Chair George Telford III ’84, Connection events and faculty lectures in chair of the Boston Connection. We wel- Nancy Shoemaker ’71 hosted several alumni your area; receive a quarterly e-newsletter; come Stephanie and thank outgoing chair at her home for a wine-and-cheese party and help the College save money on paper Leah Gotcsik ’97 for her service. After a and discussion of the College with Director and postage. Please keep your Swarthmore planning meeting, this Connection really of Alumni Relations Lisa Lee ’81 and Alum- Connection strong. Send your name and e- got moving. Kevin Chu ’72 invited Swarth- ni Council Representative Julia Knerr ’81. mail address to alumnirecords@swarthmore alumni to his Cape Cod home for a more.edu if it is new or has been changed in weekend in September. Julia Trippel ’02 UPCOMING EVENTS the last few years. arranged for paddling on the Charles River, From April 27–29, 2003, alumni are invited and David Wright ’69 hosted a picnic at his to attend a retreat at Coolfont Recreation home in Wellesley in early October. Resort, less than two hours from Washing- Los Angeles: We are delighted to announce ton, D.C., near Berkeley Springs, WVa. SPRING 2003 that David Lang ’54 is our new Connection Stephen Bayer, the College’s assistant direc- ALUMNI EVENTS chair in the Los Angeles area. David and his tor of planned giving, will discuss how you wife, Mary Jo, are in the process of making can benefit financially by supporting the Lax Conference on plans for several events in the spring. College. Alumni may attend at a substantial- Entrepreneurship ly discounted rate, and members of the In August, Jonathan Fewster ’92 and 12 April 6 Class of ’37 will attend free of charge as the classmates ran the Hood to Coast, a 196- guests of Coolfont founder Sam Ashelman mile relay. The Oregon relay begins at Tim- ’37.For more information, call (800) 888- Family Weekend berline Lodge at 6,000 feet on Mount Hood 8768, and ask for the “Swarthmore Retreat.” April 11–13 and ends in Seaside on the Pacific Ocean. Alumni flew in from Djarkarta, Indonesia; Philadelphia: The Connection will host a Washington, D.C.; and Mongolia to partici- Young Alumni get-together in February at Alumni Council Meeting pate in the relay, which they finished in 24 Buffalo Billiards. Also planned is a tour of March 28–30 hours and 36 minutes. Carpenter Hall on March 8, with a talk by Henry Magaziner, a renowned architect and Philadelphia: More than 50 Swarthmore historical preservationist. Alumni College Abroad alumni and friends attended a private tour i n S i c i l y Pittsburgh: The Pittsburgh Connection of the Philadelphia Orchestra’s Kimmel May 10–20 Center in October. Associate Professor of hosts informal luncheons on the third Engineering Carr Everbach discussed the Thursday of every month at the HYP Pitts- acoustics and sound equipment in the per- burgh Club. Contact Barbara Sieck Taylor Alumni Weekend forming arts center. ’75 at (412)243-8307 or [email protected]. June 6–8 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 42 WORKING GROUP SEEKS SWARTHMORE AROUND THE WORLD STRONGER RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COLLEGE AND ALUMNI he Alumni Council’s Alumni Support TWorking Group (ASWG) focuses on strengthening the relationship between alumni and the College. Led by co-chairs George Telford III ’84 and Anna Orgera ’83, the ASWG has developed several initiatives to increase opportunities for communication with and among alumni. Their recent projects include the following: Advising the Alumni Relations Office on improving the alumni Web site was a key step to increase communication. ASWG discussions have been helpful in the redesign of office’s Web pages. The new site includes an Alumni Council section with highlights TRICIA MALONEY of each council meeting, a suggestion made by this working group. ore than 40 percent of the Class of 2003 dents get to know their way around in unfa- In addition, the site provides lists and Mchose to pursue foreign study while at miliar surroundings. One initiative of the descriptions of recent winners of the Ara- Swarthmore. Among this year’s students Alumni Council Student Support Working bella Carter Award. The Carter Award is an studying abroad are (left to right) Sarah Fro- group is facilitating their access to a knowl- opportunity for the College to celebrate an hardt-Lane ’03 (Nepal), Rasika Teredesai ’04 edgeable resource: Swarthmore alumni. alumnus or alumna who has devoted his or (Tibet or Nepal), Yasmin Khawja ’03 (Cuba), Martha Rice Sanders ’77 and Susan Rico her life to the service of others. Please see Keisha Josephs ’04 (Australia), Ben Juhn ’03 Connolly ’78 worked with Piker and Bernard the request for nominations following. (Spain), Phuong Bui ’04 (United Kingdom). to launch an ongoing project that matches A subgroup of ASWG went even farther Seated in the front row are Rosa Bernard, students studying abroad with alumni living in exploring communication via the Web. administrative coordinator in the Foreign in that country who have volunteered to Nick Jesdanun ’91, Vida Praitis ’88, and Study Office, and Steven Piker, professor of serve as resources. If you are interested in David Wright ’69 analyzed the Web sites of anthropology and director of foreign study. volunteering for this program, please contact Swarthmore and of 15 other schools to gen- Study abroad can be daunting until stu- Bernard at [email protected]. erate new ideas and improvements. “I came away from this survey impressed with the enormous variety and complexity of information that people might want to know EXTERN PROGRAMCONTINUES TOGROW about a college—and [new respect for] the intellectual effort involved in organizing it pproximately 200 students have National coordinators all on a Web site” Wright says. Aapplied to participate in the January Cynthia Graae ’62 Ongoing interests of the ASWG also 2003 Extern Program, which is co-spon- Nanine Meiklejohn ’68 include support for regional Connections sored by the Alumni and Career Services Boston and exploring opportunities for alumni offices. Students work with or shadow Susan Turner ’60 career networking activities. alumni and parent sponsors during winter George Caplan ’69 break. Many live during their externships ARABELLA CARTER AWARD with alumni or parent host families. The New York NOMINATIONS INVITED College salutes the efforts of the volunteer Kimberly Nelson ’98 Each year, the Alumni Council gives this coordinators of the program listed here and Philadelphia award to an alumnus/a who has made a sig- many other alumni on the coordinating Elizabeth Killackey ’86 nificant contribution to his or her commu- committees. Metro DC–Baltimore nity but has not received public acclaim for Alumni and parents wishing to become Daniel Mont ’83 these efforts. If you know of an alum who new hosts or sponsors for the 2004 Extern Vicki Bajefsky Fishman ’93 fits this description, please contact Tricia Program, which is tentatively scheduled for Maloney in the Alumni Relations Office at Jan. 12–16, should contact the Career Serv- San Francisco (610) 328-8404 or pmalone1@swarth- ices Office at (610) 328-8352 or e-mail James DiFalco ’82 more.edu. Nominations must be received by [email protected]. Nadja McNeil Jackson ’92 Jan. 31, 2003. DECEMBER 2002 43 44 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN CLASSNOTES

ELEFTHERIOS KOSTANS 48 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN ALUMNIPROFILE N o W ftelretmsaecneso h East the on centers massage largest the One wellness. of and health of center a become has Coolfont goal, this accomplish To re-created.” be will they leave, people when that hope “We explained. Ashelman relief,” stress and health for place RE+Creation born. was RE+Creation” “Coolfont as porated incor- resort the 1977, in It and, asking.” accepted, were was they what of half of offer ridiculous a “made he trip, camping Vir- ginia West a during land surrounding the 1912) and (ca. house manor stately a with in love fell Ashelman when So said. dan- he gerous,” too became just Africa and East Middle the in “Working ignore. longer no could ’62, Peter including children, five has who Ashelman, something became abroad ing a for was it cause.” least good at “But call. close his of Ashelman said crash,” to going were we that recon- ciled had “I safely. landing before gas out of running of feet 50 within came friends his and Ashelman came, to they but whence return choice no with but fuel land. of protesters Short of plane the let to refused officials African South when desperate turned policies racial country’s the protest Africa to South to trip A revolution. a organize to attempts of suspected Uganda, deported from being to close came once He perils. India. of minister a and of Zambia, president the Iran, of Shah the under worked and feet Lama’s Dalai the at sat has He way. the along officials government high-level to of advice total offering countries, a 20 in worked and lived has He tions. founda- American-based various as well as Department State the for consultant former a toward world.” “working better of dream his of globe pursuit the traversed in has who man a of philos- ophies the than less nothing for stands font Cool- resort, recreational a than More D.C. Washington, from minutes 90 just retreat Ti sntarceto lc.I’ a It’s place. recreation a not is “This liv- of uncertainty increasing the Finally, their without not were travels Ashelman’s a is Coolfont, of owner Ashelman, Sam A S otRsr,a130ar wilderness 1,300-acre a Resort, font Cool- pristine the W.Va., sits Springs, Berkeley of mountains the in estled A M k r H S L E n i A M ’ N T g 7 3 E R E C w o T N Y L

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NE CO SA BE 1 A IE TE VA RK A M TH AT OL SS ,3 EiaehRde ’05 Redden —Elizabeth O S NT RN ., EL FO d 00 RE SH EL OS MO ATI EY NT TR -A T R EL E. TS UN CR I T EA ON SP RE MA . AN W E RI TAI SO AL O N NG T N RT NS IL WN S, , DE HE S R- 64 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN ALUMNIPROFILE h i oecp rmhsevlp.Hsbal- His envelope. his from escape to causing air balloon, the his to close too flew helicop- that a ter with call close a had lines. 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THE F O ASPECTS OCIAL S AND TECHNICAL HE T NJOY E S HE EXPENSIVE, O L JON h is eoddhmnblonflight balloon human recorded first The It’s ahead. thinking constantly “You’re down lain ever I’ve time only the “That’s N E Nihosgte owthteballoon the watch to gather “Neighbors NLY O OF NE O IS YMAN R E i W A Y D N d n O S GSEE B REGISTERED 10,000 I C B A L I T I O Y EW HE T IN PILOTS ALLOON B F h oefnyuhave.” you fun more the involved, are who people more people The together. brings “It vehicle. chase the in headed home and balloon his up packed he after asked. 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ANGELA DOODY Undercover in the 13th Century

THETHIRDINASERIESOFMEDIEVALMYSTERIESFOLLOWSMOREADVENTURES.

Alan Gordon ’81, A Death in the Venetian the initial launch and kept the sack of Quarter, Minatour Books, 2002 Constantinople at bay for three years … three additional years of life for thou lan Gordon’s A Death in the Venetian sands of people … given the choice Quarter is the third in a series of between dying today and dying three Amedieval mysteries exploring the fur- years from now, which would you prefer? ther adventures of Feste the Fool, whom you (p. 281) may recall from Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. Feste, aka Theophilos, is a member of The The pleasure I have taken from Gordon’s Fools Guild, the 13th-century equivalent of series leads me to urge you to begin at the Her Majesty’s Secret Service, with the mis- beginning. Appealing to my taste and inter- BOOKS&ARTSsion to bring peace to and sustain prosperi- est in pursuing stimulating escape routes, ty in Europe and the Middle East. Feste is a magic is in all his pages. You will revel in the clever man, schooled in the arts of self- delicious mix of history, fantasy, and fiction defense, deception, and discretion. He is plotted around crime solving and the higher also multilingual, well traveled, and enjoys aims of the guild to be the agency for the the rank in the jester of the guild. Married good—or at least the good order—of a to Viola, here called Aglaia, he has been her growing Christian world order spreading hero, having solved the murder of her hus- from Venice to Constantinople. band, the Duke of Orsino (you remember I admire Gordon’s daring in creating a him from Twelfth Night don’t you?) in Gor- sequel to a Shakespearean play and applaud don’s first novel, Thirteenth Night. He has his discovery of this jester as a worthy cen- been her master as she became an appren- tral figure—to the ordinary imagination, an tice fool under him. Their first mission unlikely hero. I have always been attracted together for the guild, revealed to us in Gor- A delightfully to Lear’s Fool but had overlooked Feste and don’s second mystery of the series, Jester so have been moved to revisit Twelfth Night Leaps In, took them to Constantinople to and read all of Gordon as well. I am also prevent a planned fourth Crusade, thwart Byzantine struck by Gordon’s successful evasion of the the guild’s enemies, and stabilize the throne formulaic, a peril to which all too many of Byzantium. authors fall prey when they seek to exploit And that is where we find them in the exploration of the an initial success. Richly imaginative recre- third mystery—still in Constantinople. ation of a world eight centuries gone, depic- There, Feste is approached by the eunuch high, low, and even tion of wit-ready protagonists, intriguing and power next to the throne Philoxenites, plot turns, lively dialogue, and enough his- “a large, bald man, a source of much ridicule tory to suggest authenticity, taken altogeth- among the masses but … a wily, manipula- underbelly of er, spirit our author and his readers past the tive, ambitious schemer” who has a knack traps of familiarity and accurate anticipation for thriving no matter who sits on the onto paths of surprise, astonishment, and throne and now seeks Feste’s help in uncov- Constantinople. enlightenment. ering the murderer of an informant in the Alan Gordon’s fourth novel in his Venetian quarter. Feste and Aglaia under- Medieval Mystery series (“The Widow of take the assignment, and thus a well-plotted Jerusalem,” St. Martin’s/Minotaur Books) and delightfully Byzantine exploration of through their agency, the Guild manages to series will be published in March 2003. You neighborhoods is launched—the high, low, stave off the inevitable for a few more years: just have time to read the first three to whet and even underbelly of Constantinople—as your appetite for it. Put them on your holi- the Venetian siege begins. You will eagerly Feste: When I look back at the Guild’s day lists; by 12th night, you’ll be well on pursue adventure with them as they pick efforts to stop the Fourth Crusade, I see your way to a season of distraction as well their ways through the political baffles and from the perspective of Time and old age as an enlivening focus. conflicts that accompany the struggle to that it was impossible. But that is not to —Maurice G. Eldridge ‘61 control the Byzantine throne. The plot say that we failed. A handful of men and Vice President for College and Community Rela- unfolds through their alternating narratives; women in motley [condition] staved off tions and Executive Assistant to the President SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 68 Pamela Miller Ness ’72, The Hole in Bud- OTHER BOOKS dha’s Heel, Swamp Press, 2002. This chap- Richard Bradshaw Angell ’40, A-Logic, Uni- book is a collection of 14 haiku and tanka versity Press of America, 2002. According to inspired by Buddhist works of art. Professor of Philosophy Hugh Lacey: “Mod- ern logical theory presupposes that valid Lewis Pyenson ’69 and Jean-François Gau- inferences derive from logical form rather vin (eds.), The Art of Teaching Physics: The than from the specific meanings of premises Eighteenth-Century Demonstration Apparatus and conclusions of an argument. Brad of Jean Antoine Nollet, Septentrion, 2002. Angell questions the fundamental logical This book explores Nollet’s life and work, forms that usually are identified—offering focusing on the instruments that he an alternative system of mathematical logic designed and built to study physics. proposed as better fitting arguments that we actually deploy." Michael Seidman ’72, Republic of Egos, Uni- versity of Wisconsin Press, 2002. This work Valerie Worth (Balke) ’55; pictures by focuses on the personal and individual Natalie Babbitt, Peacock and Other Poems, experiences of common men and women in Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002. This post- the Spanish Civil War. humous collection by the author—who “brilliantly employs all aspects of the poet’s Persia Walker ’78, Harlem Redux: A Novel, craft,” according to The New York Times Book Simon & Schuster, 2002. Burdened by his Review—includes 26 gems about peacocks, own secret, a young lawyer returns to pandas, steam engines, onions, and icicles. Harlem—where he explores both wealthy salons and crowded tenements of the Robin (Smith) Chapman ’64, Arborvitae, poor—to understand his sister’s death. Juniper Press, 2002. Two hundred copies of this six-part poem about “the tree of life” Stephanie Dyrkacz Weidner ’98, Auch das were originally handset and printed in May CACTUSPEARMUSICFESTIVAL(TOP) IS FEATURED Schöne, Silver Lake Publishing, 2002. Open- 2000. The Only Everglades in the World, Par- ON THE WEB SITE WWW.CDBABY.COM/CPMF. ing with “Nänie (Song of Lamentation), allel Press, 2001. This collection of poems— BEAUTY AND THE BOVINE: COWS IN PAINTING this work is in the voice of “a leader against the evil which threatens our worlds again,” by the author of four previous works— (BOTTOM) WAS AN EXHIBIT OF ALI CROLIUS’ [’84] includes “Easy Days,” “Willingly,” and “The continuing the fight for peace. Its sequel, NEW WORKS AT THE BURNETT GALLERY IN Dolphin’s Smile.” Amazing Grace, Silver Lake, 2002, begins AMHERST, MASS., DURING OCTOBER. with “Amazing Grace: Traditional” and an Philip John Davies SP and Paul Wells introduction comprising the life stories of (eds.), American Film and Politics From Rea- the “promised Messiah of Earth,” the “Free- gan to Bush Jr., Manchester University Press, explores the cinematic portrayal of East dom Fighters,” and “how we angered the 2002. Focusing on the 1980s and 1990s, Germany, which changed because of nation- Warriors for Peace.” 11 authors from both sides of the Atlantic al political developments and cultural trends explore central themes in American politics such as television and rock ’n’ roll. Melanie (Kuhlman) Wentz ’80, Once Upon and society through the films of that time. a Time in Great Britain: A Travel Guide to the Stover Jenkins ’75 and David Mohney, The Sights and Settings of Your Favorite Children’s W.D. Ehrhart ’73, The Madness of It All: Houses of Philip Johnson, Abbeville Press Pub- Stories, St Martin’s Press, 2002. The author, Essays on War, Literature and American Life, lishers, 2001. This work surveys the career a longtime teacher and administrator who McFarland & Co., 2002. “One of the great of architect Philip Johnson and includes recently spent a year exploring England and poets and writers of nonfiction produced by numerous plans, drawings, and photographs. Scotland with her family, offers a practical the Vietnam War,” according to The Nation, travel guide for discovering the real-life offers 43 essays on subjects including war, Joyce Milton ’67, The Road to Malpsychia: places that inspired classic children’s tales. junk mail, the Internet, and small-town life. Humanistic Psychology and Our Discontents, Encounter Books, 2002. This work chroni- Joshua Feinstein ’87, The Triumph of the cles the impact of the human potential COMPACT DISK Ordinary: Depictions of Daily Life in the East movement on American culture, with por- Gary Albright ’75, Cactus Pear Music Festival: German Cinema, 1949–1989, The University traits of key proponents such as psycholo- Live From the First Five, Cactus Pear Music of North Carolina Press, 2002. Drawing on gists Timothy Leary and Abraham Maslow Festival, 2002. This compilation of the fes- archives and interviews with directors, as well as anthropologists Margaret Mead tival’s first five seasons begins with Brahms actors, and state officials, the author and Ruth Benedict. and includes Mozart, Schubert, and Corelli. DECEMBER 2002 69 74 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN ALUMNIPROFILE in hs as h as ihteeconomy the with says, she days, These million. 20 only shares, million 36 of involving, instead one, smaller a time this deal, ilar you.” bury just can dol- that the because at amounts hard lar too look to not tried she “I concerned, said, money of amount vast the necessary. 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DANIELLE SCHAEFER 76 SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN INMYLIFE S eaemr hnateepr.I a lsey nrdcal,and love. unpredictable, blustery, in was was It I park. ocean theme The a skate. than the more shark relative, became a cartilaginous of harmless, fin its dorsal of We the that current. between and rip difference a the in tell trapped to be how ever learned we should pas- backs float our to on learned sively the We for vigilance. respect own fearful his a through me strength ocean’s in imbuing lifeguard, our as water surf. Atlantic the by carved pools play tide would the I in and hours Randi for Carolina. North mainland off islands barrier dolphins. and whales with micro- playing a fish, with raw wetsuit of a bucket in and myself phone home imagine trip to car used the I During Pittsburgh, perform. to whale Orca famous the watch to . N O I T C E R I D g n S E G i N A t H C a T o S I ’98 G l Gross O Jennifer L By O F I B E N I R , A M g A n i k n i S fm a intji sfrasi,h to nede nthe in knee-deep stood he swim, a for us join didn’t dad my If the Banks, Outer the on spent were vacations childhood Other began. dream the where that’s And one itr ad,adm oSaWrdi uoa Ohio, Aurora, in World Sea my to drive me would and dad Randi, sister, my child, younger a was I when summer, Every Shamu. on all it blame answer,I easy an need I ometimes,when hr o ete iknrfloat. nor sink buoyancy, neither neutral you achieve where you properly, which weighted at are depth, you desired if your point, reaching before descend light You of bubbles. rays exhaust through of murmur breaths—fol- soothing continuous the slow, by own lowed your only surface, hear the can beneath you slips and head terrestrial your the moment of the noise disappears white world The water. open under air compressed complete to wait. had couldn’t I I certification, dives. my ocean several earn To zeal. my with approached scuba I life, of island study of cadence slow the Despite rhythm. dive. to live how to learn me to for weeks arranged three mom for my 12, board was on cruiser I wooden When 45-foot Keys. a Florida to the on in children two their with moved and M o ag upne nlqi,teoenbto iigu to up rising bottom ocean the liquid, in suspended hang, You of breath first my after passion to turned sea the for love My sun-kissed drowsy, a with went and came Largo Key in day Every fm o,trdo h rni aeo iylf nPittsburgh in life city of pace frantic the friends Judy, of and tired Danny mom, long. my for of unrequited go not did love y LPFOSFRHG EL, RS SAYS. GROSS HEELS,” MY HIGH TRADED FOR HAVE I FLIP-FLOPS NOW, FOR LEAST “AT

CORBIS ERIC FELACK/VALLEY NEWS DISPATCH meet you. You shift into the dazzling dimension of aqueous time intensity. While drowning in work the winter of my junior year, I and space, where sound travels faster and objects appear larger and learned about a foreign-study program in marine biology and ecolo- closer. Scuba gear weighs nothing under water, and the dance of a gy in Denmark. I registered the next day for the upcoming spring single fish can hold the attention of even the most restless mind semester. until it’s time to ascend. In Denmark, a country of 406 islands wedged between the When I returned home from the Keys, I spent hours watching North and Baltic seas, I felt truly alive for the first time since living underwater travelogues on cable TV. I subscribed to Skin Diver, in the British Virgin Islands. Danes tend to be relaxed and informal, Woman Diver, and Sail magazines. I waddled around the house in my unafraid to slow down. After about a month away from Swarthmore, fins, sucking air through my snorkle. Landlocked in Pittsburgh, my I slowed down too, buoyed by enchanting Copenhagen and resur- passion became an obsession—that kept me afloat as I struggled facing dreams. There, I learned about the problems of nutrient with the awkwardness of being a 13-year-old girl. dumping in estuarine ecosystems, which I decided to study in grad- It was time for high school, uate school. and I was sent to a locally renowned, coed private school, fter Swarthmore, North where what you wore was more When the dream came true, ACarolina lured me back important than who you were. through an inauspicious fusion Invisible and friendless, I some- it was no longer something of scientific ego and childhood how managed to make it memory. After one year of course through my freshman year, all I desired or even recognized. work in idyllic Chapel Hill, I the while dreaming of open moved to UNC’s marine lab in water. Morehead City—a flat strip town in a region sometimes referred to That summer, my parents forked over an embarrassingly large as the Redneck Riviera—to conduct my research. amount of money for me to hack it out in the British Virgin Islands But the life of a graduate student in marine science was not what on a 51-foot sailing sloop named Shibumi, with seven other kids from I expected. I rarely went out on the water and certainly wasn’t fight- fancy prep schools in New York. ing for the plight of the world’s oceans in any tangible way. Most of I learned how to tack into the wind and tie a rolling hitch. We my time was spent leafing through journal articles and reorganizing anchored off uninhabited islands and paddled to shore to hike my lab bench. Actual science happened just twice a week, when I ran through lush rainforests and cactus-covered hills. I logged hour my experiments using water samples others collected from the upon hour underwater, drunk on compressed air. The sky was Neuse River estuary. always a dizzying blue, and the water was always 80 degrees and On Tuesdays and Fridays, I would lock myself in a pitch-black clear. room—clad in two layers of rubber gloves, heavy boots, and a white My parents hardly recognized me when I stepped off the plane lab jacket. For more than three hours, I bathed the microscopic algae from the British Virgin Islands, blond, bronzed, and a little tougher. in my water samples (and myself) in treatments of radioactive iso- Although less than optimistic, I could almost bear the thought of tope, hydrochloric acid, and a carcinogenic fixative. I was told that returning to my sophomore year because I had a clear goal: to my data, in conjunction with other work being completed in the lab, become a marine biologist. would be enough for me to tack the letters Ph.D. after my name, if For years, when asked what I wanted to be when I grew up, I only I would keep at it for a few more years. Ah, the glamorous life of would smile with confidence and reply, “a marine biologist.” Now, in a marine biologist, splashing around with whales and dolphins. search of a place where I could shine, I set out in earnest to study Yes, I was finally a marine scientist. But reality fell far short of marine biology. the life I had imagined for myself. My dream had run abruptly aground, and I was forced to acknowledge that my passion for the y path to success wasn’t obvious because marine biology is not ocean did not mean I was destined to be a marine scientist. Man especially popular or relevant profession in Pittsburgh. I Almost three years have passed since I requested leave from UNC was, however, fortunate to live within walking distance of the city’s and moved home to Pittsburgh, where I work as a reporter for a aquarium, where I volunteered as an assistant keeper. local daily paper. I know I won’t be going back. It took 15 years, but During my time scrubbing algae and chopping squid, I also I’ve finally learned to treat all new flights of fancy and grand master began to understand the fundamental connection between science plans with an appropriate dose of circumspection. and the sea. I started to work hard in the same chemistry and I still love the ocean and wet sand between my toes as I stand in physics classes that had previously failed to capture my attention. I the milky froth at the water’s edge. I love breaking waves as they believed that good grades in these subjects would be my ticket back surge over my body in their inevitable journey toward the shore. I to the coast. love the feather-like caress of a school of fish, the sharp taste of salt- As graduation approached, my heretofore amorphous dream at water, and the sound of my own breath underwater. last began to take shape: a bachelor’s degree in biology, five to six So I will forever be dreaming about my next beach vacation. T years of graduate work to earn a Ph.D. in marine science, two years in a postdoctoral position, and then tenure track. I enrolled at Jennifer Gross is currently a staff writer at the Valley News Dispatch in Swarthmore, where I approached my studies with an unwavering Tarentum, Pa. DECEMBER 2002 77 L e t t e r s ... continued from page 3 they desperately need. If more communities Unfortunately, Hochschild never ex- with” oil and energy. How unfortunate it pressured their state and local leaders into plained why we need dreams. To her credit, would be if Weber’s science parallels his following the lead of New York City, which Hochschild eloquently described them but analysis of politics and the finance thereof, recently saw its teacher shortage evaporate could not resist slipping in political state- because he omitted important data. His own when the city’s teacher salaries were raised ments, which she glibly stated as if her paycheck comes from Wildlife Conservation to levels competitive with suburban dis- audience agreed with them. Her thesis was Society (WCS), an organization that is sup- tricts, the nation’s disadvantaged districts that the only worthwhile dreams advance ported, in part, by Jaguar of North America would have no need to mortgage their stu- left-wing statist political causes, and Quak- (oil-dependent Ford); ConEdison (energy); dents’ futures on the charity of underquali- erism inherently supports them. and, among others, Kraft (big tobacco). Are fied teachers. My point here is not to debate Hoch- we to assume the bed is king sized? No, of NATHAN MYERS ’99 schild’s politics or her interpretation of course not…. Philadelphia Quakerism; rather, it is to decry the speech’s Weber went on to decry the same admin- fraudulent title and its presumptuous and istration’s lifting of the moratorium on log- small-minded content. Even if I did agree ging roads in national forests. He doesn’t WHOLESOUL with her on these issues, I would still find merely disagree but views the decision with It was refreshing to read about the less one- them inappropriate for a Collection speech. contempt. Yet he and his wife own two (pre- track-minded Swarthmore alumni (“Are You Swarthmore professes to be a tolerant sumably wood-frame and furnished) homes, a Renaissance Soul?” September Bulletin). community bound by not only by the love of have written a book (presumably printed on We live in a social and economic system that learning but also dreams. Yet, by invalidat- paper), and another WCS sponsor is The seems to be based on the rule: “Exploit ing the dreams of anyone who disagrees New York Times, the annual output of which yourself as you would exploit others.” This with her politics—and those alumni whose accounts for quite a few logged acres all by controlled way of dealing with ourselves and dreams simply do not concern politics— itself. the world has its roots in the darker side of Hochschild efficiently alienated much of her I grow tired of what seems to be the pre- our Judeo-Christian mentality: that is, in audience. vailing Swarthmore sanctimony: “It is OK our fear of life itself and [of] true growth. BRIAN SCHWARTZ ’97 for me to take money from these evil/waste- We grow not just up but in all directions, Boulder, Colo. ful/polluting/unhealthy capitalist organiza- within and without. I believe that the diver- tions because I will use it to do the right (or sity of interests and selves to which I have CHUTZPAH left or progressive) things. And I can have given expression are part of a larger unity I feel bad for Aviva Kushner Yoselis ’96 (“In nice things because I have the correct politi- that will be revealed to me in time, or, as I My Life,” September Bulletin). Like Anglo cal views. But do you see those people over like to say: Many are the ways before becom- settlers on what was then Mexican and there? They disagree with me; therefore, ing one. Native American land or Germans in vari- when they take the money, or if they live in a “Renaissance soul” is elegant and com- ous occupied parts of Europe during World gated community or drive, say, a Jaguar, it plimentary enough but makes me sound War II, she is living on land that does not only shows how corrupt they are.” more antiquated than I feel. Thus, I suggest belong to her. In the case of the occupied According to this attitude, it is impossi- the more explicit: “Whole soul.” territories, this land has been forcibly taken ble to have integrity unless you believe in JEAN-MARIE CLARKE ’74 over in violation of international law and the right things. Then, anything you do is Staufen, Germany numerous U.N. resolutions. What chutzpah OK. This thinking seems to have been the she has! What a great tragedy for the moral, justification for several of humankind’s DREAMS,NOTDOGMA ethical, and humane stature of Judaism that greatest indecencies. At the very least, it poi- At Swarthmore, I was known as that “liber- she and her ilk are representing Jewish peo- sons public discourse. And it makes me tarian guy.” Rarely could I resist challenging ple. cranky. the school’s dominant left-wing ideology, be JEREMIAH GELLES ’63 Disclaimer: I am not now, nor have I ever it in Sharples, Parrish Parlors, or The Brooklyn, N.Y. been, a member of the Republican Party. Phoenix. Yet, on my way to the 2002 JAN MENEFEE MCDONNELL ’78 reunion, I wrote in my journal: “Drop the SWARTHMORE SANCTIMONY Irvine, Calif. politics. What’s important? People, relation- Although I applaud and support the work of ships. Not ideology and arguing.” Bill ’72 and Amy Vedder Weber ‘73 (“A EDITOR’SNOTE I looked forward to the Collection World That Is Not Our Own,” September We received more letters than we could address by Arlie Russell Hochschild ’62, Bulletin), I have to disagree with some of print in the limited space available in this titled “Why We Need Dreams.” (An edited their throw-away comments. issue. Additional letters may be found at version of her talk was printed in “Back The first was Weber’s assertion that the www.swarthmore.edu/bulletin/dec02/let- Pages,” September Bulletin.) (current Bush) administration is “in bed ters. DECEMBER 2002 79 Swarthmore that day. I totally enjoyed the moment. Savored it H o s t i n g t h e even. And retold it at dinner parties for years.” Ann Mosely Lesch ’66, president of Student Council in spring 1965, remembers the prank fondly. At that time, Collection was H a n g m a n o f held every Thursday morning, and all students were required to attend. The Student Council was traditionally entrusted with planning one Collection per year. “When we heard ours was on April 1, H u n g a r y we knew we had to rise to the occasion,” Lesch said. “We thought it would be interesting to see what kind of controversy we could stir up.” ANUNFORGETTABLE Thus, council members went about planning an elaborate hoax, with Alex Capron ’66, Michael Kortchmar ’65, and the late Douglas COLLECTION Redefer ’65 taking the lead in the preliminary stages. “I don’t BACKPAGES remember exactly who got us started, who came up with the idea, By Elizabeth Redden ’05 but everyone liked it,” Kortchmar remembers. Redefer had a friend at Columbia, Bruce Specter, whom he thought would be interested he campus was in turmoil that early spring morning. It was in playing the part of the obscure but hated Sergei Nesmeyanov. April 1965. The war in Vietnam was gathering steam. The Specter liked the idea and enlisted the help of Lister, an actor TCuban Missile Crisis and President Kennedy’s assassination friend, to accompany him and act as his translator. were still fresh in the minds of students everywhere. Civil rights marches were sweeping the country. It was not a time in which pol- ith their actors itics was taken lightly. Wselected, the coun- “People booed him, Stepping into this highly charged political atmosphere was cil’s next challenge was Sergei Nesmeyanov, the infamous “Hangman of Hungary,” commu- to create a believable, and all the lefties nist oppressor of human rights. Invited by the Student Council to yet incendiary, charac- speak at Thursday morning Collection, Nesmeyanov was described ter. “We needed to were up there in press releases as the Byelorussian delegate to the United Nations make him a pretty and a key figure in the brutal suppression of the 1956 Hungarian important figure but— yelling, ‘Let Revolution. at the same time— The student response was explosive. Posters calling him “Worse someone people would the man speak!’ Than Rezelman” were scattered throughout campus. Protestors not be expected to greeted Nesmeyanov’s arrival, and students jeered and booed and know. So we made him I guess the rolled marbles down the aisle during his speech. Meanwhile, mem- a part of the Byeloruss- bers of Students for a Democratic Society stood angrily on their ian delegation to the easiest people chairs, yelling at students to be quiet and allow Nesmeyanov his United Nations,” right to speak. Tensions were high, and passions were still higher. Kortchmar says. to fool are the Nesmeyanov ranted and raved in Russian about “The Decadence of Kortchmar wrote Western Culture” for a full hour, with a translator by his side. Specter’s speech, titled ideologues.” And Ellen NicKenzie Lawson ’66, for one, is still laughing. “The Decadence of After Collection, she recalls, the students began walking toward Western Culture,” which he describes as a “sort of heavy-handed, Sharples Dining Hall, confused and unsure about what to think of bureaucratic, anti-capitalism speech.” He gave the speech to his what they had just heard. “We were all kind of slowly walking mother, Lucy Kortchmar, a native Russian speaker, who wrote a down the hill when people started whispering ‘April Fools’ and phonetic Russian translation for Specter to recite on stage. She also stopped still. They couldn’t believe they’d been taken in,” Lawson read the speech into a tape recorder for him to practice orally. recalled in a recent interview. Meanwhile, Lesch and Capron were occupied with the more practical aspects of the hoax. Joseph Shane ’25, a vice president of es, it was April Fools’ Day 1965 when Nesmeyanov, otherwise the College and head of the committee that approved outside Col- Yknown as Bruce Specter of Columbia University, appeared on lection speakers, was not convinced that Nesmeyanov was an campus with Robert Lister as his translator. Brought to the College appropriate selection. He wanted to contact the Byelorussian mis- by the Student Council for what Dick Scheinman ’66 called in his sion to confirm Nesmeyanov’s credentials—something the Student April 2, 1965, Phoenix article “a perfect all-college hoax,” Specter Council members obviously did not want to see happen. So when and Lister, neither of whom could speak a word of Russian, suc- Lesch returned home for spring break in March, she asked her cessfully pulled off the final stage in an elaborate prank many stu- father, Phillip Mosely, a leading Sovietologist at Columbia Universi- dents would never forget. ty, to write Shane a letter vouching for Nesmeyanov’s speaking abil- “They fooled the entire Swarthmore community for a full ities. Satisfied, Shane did not call the mission, and plans for Col- hour—and a little bit after that,” Lawson recalled. “High SATs and lection were allowed to proceed without obstruction. honors programs to the contrary, there were a lot of fools at Student Council members then began distributing posters and SWARTHMORECOLLEGEBULLETIN 80 press releases throughout the campus. Using the Print Club’s old, rarely used letter press in the basement of the student activities building, Capron crafted let- terhead for the press attaché at the Byelorussian mission, complete with a believable, albeit fictional, address and phone number. He then used a College mimeograph to create the fake sta- tionery for a press release describ- ing Nesmeynov’s appearance. “His U.N. colleagues described his supposed biography in the most laudatory terms, but we leaked to The Phoenix that he was known as the Hangman of Hungary, just to stir things up,” remembers Capron. Capron says that the only outsider let in on the plot was Professor Emeritus of Russian Thompson Bradley: “He agreed to keep a straight face but then floored me when he said he thought I’d been clever with the choice of names because one way to translate Nesmeyanov was ‘he who does not laugh.’”

n the morning of April 1, Kortchmar and ORedefer walked to the train station to pick up Specter and Lister. They then brought them back to their dorm rooms to get dressed and do some last-minute practice. When the time for Col- lection came around, Specter and Lister were loaded into a borrowed black Lincoln Continental, adorned with Soviet flags, for the short ride to Clothier Hall. Kortchmar was thrilled to see campus conserva- tives out picketing the speaker’s arrival—“That was exactly what we wanted to see!” Specter, a thin man with a black moustache, his hair grayed at the temples, looked the part as he walked through the protestors and up to the podium to give his speech. “People booed him, and all the lefties were up there had originated. Capron re- yelling, ‘Let the man speak!’” Kortchmar recalls. “I guess members a note being passed to the Russian the easiest people to fool are the ideologues—any stripe at major sitting next to him asking, “Is he really speaking all.” Russian?” To which came back the reply, “Yes, but with a southern “I kept [from] almost bursting out laughing myself during the accent.” Students who had protested felt rather embarrassed but Collection,” Lesch said. “I have to admit that during the speech, I soon recovered, although Lesch reports that Vice President Shane was afraid everyone would realize his accent was terrible, and the never spoke to her again. At the speech’s conclusion, President whole thing would just fall apart. But it was only afterward that Courtney Smith allegedly leaned over to tell Dean Susan Cobbs, “I people realized they were suckered.” think we’ve been had.” Most took the hoax in stride, temporarily fooled but good- Not to worry. He was in good company. T humored about it. Members of the Russian faculty spent most of the speech bemusedly trying to figure out where that terrible accent Elizabeth Redden ’05 is an English major and Bulletin intern. DECEMBER 2002 FPlanning Ahead or us, planned giving has been an attractive way to Fsupport Swarthmore,” says Theodore “Tedd” Osgood ’53. “We have gained current income in exchange for highly appreciated, low-yielding stock, and the College will eventually receive the balance. As I approach my 50th reunion, the importance of Swarthmore and the years I enjoyed there continue to grow. It is with feelings of both pride and gratitude that I contribute to Swarthmore through the Alumni Fund and through planned giving.”

Tedd Osgood and his wife, Dorothy, of Hanover, N.H., first participated in Swarthmore’s Planned Giving Program more than 10 years ago. Tedd’s Swarthmore experience was an important factor in their decision to live at Kendal at Hanover, a

retirement community reflecting RICHARD QUINDRY

Quaker values. To learn how Swarthmore’s gift planning

could work for you, please contact the

Office of Planned Giving at (610) 328-8323

or [email protected].

Visit the Office of Planned Giving Web site

at pg.swarthmore.edu.