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Squeezed Imprint Behind the scenes of the juice industry SQUEEZED IMPRINT Publisher: Christliche Initiative Romero e.V. (CIR) Schillerstraße 44a 48155 Münster Germany Tel: 02 51 / 67 44 13 - 0 Fax: 02 51 / 67 44 13 - 11 [email protected] | www.ci-romero.de Editorial board: Sandra Dusch Silva (V.i.S.d.P.), Daisy Ribeiro, Peter Knobloch Proof-reading: Dietmar Damwerth Translation: Christian Russau Design, layout, graphics and illustrations: Marco Fischer – grafischer.com Print: COS Druck & Verlag GmbH Houbirgstraße 20, 91217 Hersbruck © 2018 printed on 100% recycled paper This study was made possible with the financial support of the European Union and ENGAGEMENT GLOBAL on behalf of BMZ. Christian Initiative Romero is solely responsible for the content of the publication; the content shall in no way be regarded as Engagement Global GmbH, the Federal Minis- try for Economic Cooperation and Development or the EU’s standpoint. Christian Initiative Romero > SQUEEZED – Behind the scenes of the juice industry CONTENT Foreword ................................................................................................................................. 5 The supply chain at a glance: From the plantation into the bottle ................................ 6 1 – THE CULTIVATION ...................................................................................................... 8 The price for the oranges ................................................................................................................ 10 Juice cartel punished ......................................................................................................................... 13 Working at the supplier ................................................................................................................... 14 Strike at the supplier ......................................................................................................................... 16 New laws .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Plant disease “Greening” ............................................................................................................... 22 World champion in agrotoxins ....................................................................................................... 23 Bee deaths ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2 – THE PRODUCERS ....................................................................................................... 26 Cutrale ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Citrosuco ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC) ...................................................................................................... 41 3 – THE BOTTLERS ........................................................................................................... 46 Coca-Cola ........................................................................................................................................ 47 Pepsico .............................................................................................................................................. 48 World champion in fruit juice ......................................................................................................... 49 Eckes-Granini .................................................................................................................................... 51 Refresco ............................................................................................................................................. 54 Riha-Wesergold ................................................................................................................................ 55 Valensina ........................................................................................................................................... 56 Beckers Bester .................................................................................................................................. 56 Hassia Grdje.................................................................................................................................. 57 Pfanner .............................................................................................................................................. 58 Packaging and environment........................................................................................................... 58 4 – THE RETAILERS ........................................................................................................... 60 Value chain in figures....................................................................................................................... 63 Edeka .................................................................................................................................................. 63 Rewe .................................................................................................................................................. 66 Aldi ..................................................................................................................................................... 68 Lidl ...................................................................................................................................................... 70 5 – THE CONSUMERS ...................................................................................................... 72 Labels, certificates and co. ............................................................................................................ 73 What can you do as a consumer?. ................................................................................................ 79 DEMANDS ON POLICY MAKERS AND RETAILERS..................................................... 80 List of references ................................................................................................................. 82 About us ................................................................................................................................. 84 Order form ............................................................................................................................... 85 Christian Initiative Romero > SQUEEZED – Behind the scenes of the juice industry 3 CONTENT : M. Fischer Photo 4 Christian Initiative Romero > SQUEEZED – Behind the scenes of the juice industry focused on the studies and evaluations of la- Preface bour, social and environmental standards in multinational companies in Brazil. The de- tailed and open-ended interviews were con- ducted with workers and experts in the main area of production of oranges for the indus- trial production of juice, the state of São Paulo and adjoining neighbour states. In addition to primary sources – individ- ual interviews with workers and their union representatives – information from compa- nies and industry, authorities and information from trade associations, trade press and uni- versities serve as secondary sources. On the research strategy: The investigation focuses on case studies of workers and on such cases that were pursued by trade unions, or by the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office for labour law. In addition to examining general offences that are punishable by fine notices, it particu- he present study describes how orange larly examines the offence of slave-like work. juice gets onto the shelves of local su- Special thanks go to all those who have Tpermarkets and discount stores – from contributed to this report: the workers who the cultivation of the fruit to the marketing confided their stories to us, the union leaders, of juice. Research findings from Brazil and university experts and NGO representatives Europe highlights issues that food retailers who supported us with their knowledge. The would prefer to keep hidden: Dependency and following deserve a mention here: The Ar- exploitation. The focus is on the juice produc- ticulação dos Empregados Rurais do Estado ers Cutrale, Citrosuco and Louis Dreyfus com- de Minas Gerais (Adere-MG), Tie Brasil, Movi- pany (LDC), and the main bottling companies mento dos Trabalhadores Sem-Terra (MST), in Europe. Federação dos Empregados Rurais Assalaria- The study takes a qualitative research ap- dos do Estado de São Paulo (Feraesp/SP), Sin- proach. The description of the working condi- dicato dos Empregados Rurais de Duartina tions and the identification of environmental (SER Duartina), Sindicato dos Trabalhadores problems in the production of juice is based e Empregados Rurais de Piratininga (STER on field studies carried out by the environ- Piratininga), Sindicato dos Trabalhadores nas mental organization GLOBAL 2000 and the Indústrias de Alimentação e Afins de Mogi Christian Initiative Romero (CIR) in Brazil, as Mirim e Região (Stiaamm) und Sindicato dos well as a study conducted by Repórter Brasil Trabalhadores e Empregados Rurais de Bauru in 2017 on behalf of CIR. The research team (STR Bauru). Christian Initiative Romero > SQUEEZED – Behind the scenes of the juice industry 5 PREFACE The supply chain at a glance: 1 2 TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD
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