The Resurrection of Christ: a Bayesian Analysis of Explanatory
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0 It Comes from the Outside
How valid are visions? 0 They happen to an individual person 0 It comes from the outside 0 It isn't usually looked for by the person receiving it 0 A vision is startling and memorable 0 The "receiver" will want to tell others about it 0 Visions are hard to put into words 0 They only have meaning if they convey a deeper message 0 Visions could be the result of an overactive imagination - or drug or alcohol induced Find an example of a religious vision and explain what the vision was and why it is important Assessment question. "Visions are only important for the person who receives them." Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer, showing that you have thought about more than one point of view. I 25 Dreams are a series of thoughts, images and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. Many people forget their dreams. However there are some dreams which can make a deep impression on the person dreaming and, as with visions, they might give the dreamer new insights into reality and into God. Such dreams can give new direction to a person's life. For these dreams to be valid, they have to be free from any artificial stimulus, e.g. drugs! You are going to research 2 dreams and explain their meaning by answering the following questions: hlow valid are dreams? Name of Jacob's dream at Bethel Pharaoh's dream the dream Explain this dream How did God use this dream What affect did it have on the person 26 0 Dreams happen when a person is asleep 0 Most people forget their dreams but some leave a deep impression 0 Dreams might give new insights into reality and into God 0 People don't have control over their dreams 0 For dreams to be valid they have to be free from artificial stimulus Special Revelation: Enlightenment! Obiectives: Understand how enlightenment can help a believer deal with life and its pressures Evaluate the importance of enlightenment for believers and their faith ^ Task 1: Enlightenment is. -
Summary the Purpose of the Dissertation Is to Present The
Summary The purpose of the dissertation is to present the abductive argument of Richard Swinburne in favor of theism. Richard Swinburne was born on December 26, 1934. He is a British philosopher, a retired professor of the University of Oxford, where he held the position of Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion (Oriel College). He has devoted all his philosophical activity to the justification of the Christian faith – he has intended to show that it is rational to believe in God. The main thesis of the dissertation is that Swinburne’s concept of theism does not remain consistent with the assumption that God is perfectly good. This inconsistence comes from the fact that human experience of suffering cannot be reconciled with God’s perfect goodness, especially assuming that God allows or causes the suffering. The structure of the work corresponds to the logical construction of Swinburne’s line of reasoning. The first chapter – Methodology of Philosophy – describes the main philosophical methods Swinburne uses in presenting his arguments. It is divided into two parts: the first one (Theory of Explanation) primarily presents the Swinburne’s construction of the concept of coherence, which is a prerequisite for considering any theory as probable or true. Moreover, this part discusses Swinburne’s dual explanatory theory, according to which two types of explanation are possible: (1) scientific, based on the analysis of unintentional causation, and (2) personal, based on the analysis of intentional causation. At the same time, Swinburne tries to show that it is not possible to explain certain phenomena in the world only by means of scientific explanation. -
The Argument from Miracles: a Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth
The Argument from Miracles: A Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth Introduction It is a curiosity of the history of ideas that the argument from miracles is today better known as the object of a famous attack than as a piece of reasoning in its own right. It was not always so. From Paul’s defense before Agrippa to the polemics of the orthodox against the deists at the heart of the Enlightenment, the argument from miracles was central to the discussion of the reasonableness of Christian belief, often supplemented by other considerations but rarely omitted by any responsible writer. But in the contemporary literature on the philosophy of religion it is not at all uncommon to find entire works that mention the positive argument from miracles only in passing or ignore it altogether. Part of the explanation for this dramatic change in emphasis is a shift that has taken place in the conception of philosophy and, in consequence, in the conception of the project of natural theology. What makes an argument distinctively philosophical under the new rubric is that it is substantially a priori, relying at most on facts that are common knowledge. This is not to say that such arguments must be crude. The level of technical sophistication required to work through some contemporary versions of the cosmological and teleological arguments is daunting. But their factual premises are not numerous and are often commonplaces that an educated nonspecialist can readily grasp – that something exists, that the universe had a beginning in time, that life as we know it could flourish only in an environment very much like our own, that some things that are not human artifacts have an appearance of having been designed. -
THE QUESTION of GOD: an Introduction and Sourcebook
THE QUESTION OF GOD This important new text by a well-known author provides a lively and approachable introduction to the six great arguments for the existence of God. Requiring no specialist knowledge of philosophy, an important feature of The Question of God is the inclusion of a wealth of primary sources drawn from both classic and contemporary texts. With its combination of critical analysis and extensive extracts, this book will be particularly attractive to students and teachers of philosophy, religious studies and theology, at school or university level, who are looking for a text that offers a detailed and authoritative account of these famous arguments. • The Ontological Argument (sources: Anselm, Haight, Descartes, Kant, Findlay, Malcolm, Hick) • The Cosmological Argument (sources: Aquinas, Taylor, Hume, Kant) • The Argument from Design (sources: Paley, Hume, Darwin, Dawkins, Ward) • The Argument from Miracles (sources: Hume, Hambourger, Coleman, Flew, Swinburne, Diamond) • The Moral Argument (sources: Plato, Lewis, Kant, Rachels, Martin, Nielsen) • The Pragmatic Argument (sources: Pascal, Gracely, Stich, Penelhum, James, Moore). This user-friendly books also offers: • Revision questions to aid comprehension • Key reading for each chapter and an extensive bibliography • Illustrated biographies of key thinkers and their works • Marginal notes and summaries of arguments. Dr Michael Palmer was formerly a Teaching Fellow at McMaster University and Humbodlt Fellow at Marburg University. He has also taught at Marlborough College and Bristol University, and was for many years Head of the Department of Religion and Philosophy at The Manchester Grammar School. A widely read author, his Moral Problems (1991) has already established itself as a core text in schools and colleges. -
University of Pennsylvania Press
University of Pennsylvania Press Newtonian Science, Miracles, and the Laws of Nature Author(s): Peter Harrison Source: Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1995), pp. 531-553 Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709991 Accessed: 30-10-2015 01:34 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of Pennsylvania Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the History of Ideas. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.102.42.98 on Fri, 30 Oct 2015 01:34:15 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions NewtonianScience, Miracles, andthe Laws ofNature PeterHarrison Introduction "Newton,"writes Richard Westfall, "both believed in and did not believe in miracles."It can onlybe concluded,Westfall continues, that the greatscientist, unwilling to relinquishhis beliefin a providentialand inter- posingDeity, "abandoned himself to ambiguitiesand inconsistencies,which gave theappearance of divine participation in nature,but not the substance."' Newton'sapparent ambivalence -
Religious Education Year 11 Themes Homework Pack
f?^. ^ Religious Education Year 11 Themes Homework Pack 1 AQA Religious Studies homework for Paper 2 Themes > The Existence of God and Revelation > Religion and Life Each section is worth 24 marks + 3 SPaG Each section contains five questions and all must be answered 0.1=1 mark take 1 minute 02=2 marks take 2 minutes Q3 = 4 marks take 4 minutes Q4 = 5 marks take 5 minutes Q5 = 12 marks take 12 minutes Use additional minutes for planning and checking All questions are knowledge based and question 5 requires evaluation. Homework Programme Exam Questions found at the back of the booklet Answer different questions each week. Tick of those completed. Homework I Existence of God and Revelation hlomework Religion and Life Week One 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Seven 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m Week Two 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Eight 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m Week Three 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Nine 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m Week Four 2x2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Ten 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m Week Five 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Eleven 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m Week Six 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, Week Twelve 2x 2m lx4m lx4m (CBS), lx5m, 2xl2m 2xl2m KEY: m=marks CBS = contemporary British society Use your flashcards for quotes. Find existence of God quotes and other reference to scripture: https://quizlet.com/Rb/405393776/the-existence-Qf-god-and-revelation-kev-Quotes-aQa-Rcse-flash- cards/ 2 Theme C: The existence of God and revelation Students should study religious teachings, and religious and philosophical arguments, relating to the issues that follow, and their impact and influence in the modern world. -
Miracles and the Natural Order in Nahmanides*
Miracles and the Natural Order in Nahmanides* MMIRACLESIRACLES ANDAND THETHE NATURALNATURAL ORDERORDER IINN NNAHMANIDESAHMANIDES* From: Rabbi Moses Nahmanides (Ramban): Explorations in his Religious and Literary Virtuosity, ed. by Isadore Twersky (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Mass., 1983), pp. 107-128. The centrality of miracles in Nahmanides’ theology cannot escape the attention of even the most casual observer, and his doctrine of the hidden miracle exercised a particularly profound and abiding influence on subsequent Jewish thought. Nevertheless, his repeated emphasis on the miraculous—and particularly the unrestrained rhetoric of a few key passages—has served to obscure and distort his true position, which was far more moderate, nuanced and complex than both medieval and modern scholars have been led to believe. I To Nahmanides, miracles serve as the ultimate validation of all three central dogmas of Judaism: creation ex nihilo, divine knowledge, and providence (hiddush, yedi‘ah, hashgahah).1 In establishing the relationship between miracles and his first dogma, Nahmanides applies a philosophical argument in a particularly striking way. “According to the believer in the eternity of the world,” he writes, “if God wished to shorten the wing of * Some of the issues analyzed in this article were discussed in a more rudimentary form in chapters one, three, and four of my master’s essay, “Nahmanides’ Attitude Toward Secular Learning and its Bearing upon his Stance in the Maimonidean Controversy” (Columbia University, 1965), which was directed by Prof. Gerson D. Cohen. 1 Torat HaShem Temimah (henceforth THT), in Kitvei Ramban, ed. by Ch. Chavel I (Jerusalem, 1963), p. 150. On Nahmanides’ dogmas and their connection with miracles, see S. -
Bibliography of Occult and Fantastic Beliefs Vol.4: S - Z
Bruno Antonio Buike, editor / undercover-collective „Paul Smith“, alias University of Melbourne, Australia Bibliography of Occult and Fantastic Beliefs vol.4: S - Z © Neuss / Germany: Bruno Buike 2017 Buike Music and Science [email protected] BBWV E30 Bruno Antonio Buike, editor / undercover-collective „Paul Smith“, alias University of Melbourne, Australia Bibliography of Occult and Fantastic Beliefs - vol.4: S - Z Neuss: Bruno Buike 2017 CONTENT Vol. 1 A-D 273 p. Vol. 2 E-K 271 p. Vol. 3 L-R 263 p. Vol. 4 S-Z 239 p. Appr. 21.000 title entries - total 1046 p. ---xxx--- 1. Dies ist ein wissenschaftliches Projekt ohne kommerzielle Interessen. 2. Wer finanzielle Forderungen gegen dieses Projekt erhebt, dessen Beitrag und Name werden in der nächsten Auflage gelöscht. 3. Das Projekt wurde gefördert von der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Sozialamt Neuss. 4. Rechtschreibfehler zu unterlassen, konnte ich meinem Computer trotz jahrelanger Versuche nicht beibringen. Im Gegenteil: Das Biest fügt immer wieder neue Fehler ein, wo vorher keine waren! 1. This is a scientific project without commercial interests, that is not in bookstores, but free in Internet. 2. Financial and legal claims against this project, will result in the contribution and the name of contributor in the next edition canceled. 3. This project has been sponsored by the Federal Republic of Germany, Department for Social Benefits, city of Neuss. 4. Correct spelling and orthography is subject of a constant fight between me and my computer – AND THE SOFTWARE in use – and normally the other side is the winning party! Editor`s note – Vorwort des Herausgebers preface 1 ENGLISH SHORT PREFACE „Paul Smith“ is a FAKE-IDENTY behind which very probably is a COLLCETIVE of writers and researchers, using a more RATIONAL and SOBER approach towards the complex of Rennes-le-Chateau and to related complex of „Priory of Sion“ (Prieure de Sion of Pierre Plantard, Geradrd de Sede, Phlippe de Cherisey, Jean-Luc Chaumeil and others). -
GCSE Revision the Existence of God and Revelation Revision Guide
Use the following checklist to make sure you have revised everything. Philosophical arguments for and against the existence of God √ The Design argument including its strengths and weaknesses. The First Cause argument including its strengths and weaknesses The argument from miracles including its strengths and weaknesses and one example of a miracle. Evil and suffering as an argument against the existence of God. Arguments based on science against the existence of God. The nature of the divine and revelation Special revelation as a source of knowledge about the divine (God gods or ultimate reality) including visions and one example of a vision. Enlightenment as a source of knowledge about the divine. General revelation: nature and scripture as a way of understanding the divine. Different ideas about the divine that come from these sources: - omnipotent and omniscient - personal and impersonal - immanent and transcendent. The value of general and special revelation and enlightenment as sources of knowledge about the divine including: - the problems of different ideas about the divine arising from these experiences - alternative explanations for the experiences and the possibility that the people who claimed to have them were lying or mistaken Agnostic: Belief that there is insufficient evidence to say whether God exists or not. All-compassionate: Characteristic of God; all-loving, omnibenevolent. All-merciful: Characteristic of God; always forgiving and never vindictive. Atheism: Belief that there is no God. Benevolent: Characteristic of God; all-loving. Conscience: Sense of right and wrong; seen as the voice of God within our mind by many religious believers. Design argument: Also known as teleological argument. -
Craig, William Lane and Mcgrew, Timothy and Lydia
11 The Argument from Miracles: A Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth TIMOTHY MCGREW AND LYDIA MCGREW Introduction It is a curiosity of the history of ideas that the argument from miracles is today better known as the object of a famous attack than as a piece of reasoning in its own right. It was not always so. From Paul’s defense before Agrippa to the polemics of the orthodox against the deists at the heart of the Enlightenment, the argument from miracles was central to the discussion of the reasonableness of Christian belief, often supplemented by other con- siderations but rarely omitted by any responsible writer. But in the contemporary literature on the philosophy of religion it is not at all uncommon to fi nd entire works that mention the positive argument from miracles only in passing or ignore it altogether. Part of the explanation for this dramatic change in emphasis is a shift that has taken place in the conception of philosophy and, in consequence, in the conception of the project of natural theology. What makes an argument distinctively philosophical under the new rubric is that it is substantially a priori, relying at most on facts that are common knowl- edge. This is not to say that such arguments must be crude. The level of technical sophis- tication required to work through some contemporary versions of the cosmological and teleological arguments is daunting. But their factual premises are not numerous and are often commonplaces that an educated nonspecialist can readily grasp – that something exists, that the universe had a beginning in time, that life as we know it could fl ourish only in an environment very much like our own, that some things that are not human artifacts have an appearance of having been designed. -
AQA Religious Studies C – Existence of God and Revelation
AQA Religious Studies C – Existence of God and Revelation Design argument Key terms The Design Argument argues that God must exist because the world around us is so intricate and well-designed that there must be an intelligent creator behind it. Atheist Someone who does not William Paley puts this forward in his Watchmaker’s Argument that says if you found a watch in the grass you would not assume its intricate believe a God exists Theist Someone who believes mechanism had come about by accident, you would assume someone had created it. The same applies for the world around us. in a God or Gods Atheists argue that nature and science are responsible for the world around us and that much of the so-called design is the result of chance Benevolent God’s nature as all- and natural selection. loving and all-good First Cause The First Cause Argument was put forward by Thomas Aquinas and it argues that there has to be an uncaused cause that made everything Omnipotent God’s nature as argument else happen and that must be God. It argues that nothing moves without first being pushed and that God is the only possible being that can all-powerful exist with no cause as God is eternal (never beginning, never ending) Omniscient God’s nature as all- knowing and aware of all that Atheists argue that by this logic God must have a cause or that if God is eternal then the universe itself could be eternal as well. has happened past, present, Argument from The Argument from Miracles argues that miracles (a remarkable event seemingly only explained by God’s actions) prove that God exists. -
Comparative Christianity
COMPARATIVE CHRISTIANITY COMPARATIVE CHRISTIANITY A STUDENT’S GUIDE TO A RELIGION AND ITS DIVERSE TRADITIONS THOMAS A. RUSSELL Universal-Publishers Boca Raton Comparative Christianity: A Student’s Guide to a Religion and its Diverse Traditions Copyright © Thomas A. Russell All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Universal-Publishers Boca Raton, Florida • USA ISBN-: --- ISBN-: ---- www.universal-publishers.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russell, Thomas Arthur, - Comparative Christianity : a student's guide to a religion and its diverse traditions / Thomas A. Russell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-: (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-:(pbk. : alk. paper) . Christianity. I. Title. BR.R --dc TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................................... CHAPTER I Introduction to Christianity ............................................................................ CHAPTER II Introduction to Eastern Christianity ............................................................. CHAPTER III Eastern Oriental Christianity .......................................................................... CHAPTER IV Eastern Orthodox Christianity ......................................................................