List of Heads of State of Nigeria 1 List of Heads of State of Nigeria
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Voting Without Choosing?
Institute of African Studies Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada) 2019 (7) Voting without Choosing? Ethnic Voting Behaviour and Voting Patterns in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Election and Implications for Institutionalisation of Social Conflicts Kialee Nyiayaana1 Abstract: Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Election was widely seen as competitive, fair and less violent than other elections since the transition to democracy in 1999. This paper does not argue otherwise. Rather, it problematizes ethnic voting behaviour and voting patterns observed in the election and raises questions about their implications for institutionalisation of democracy and social conflicts in Nigeria. It argues that while scholarly examinations portray the presidential election results as ‘victory for democracy’, not least because an incumbent president was defeated for the first time in Nigeria, analysis of the spatial structure of votes cast reveals a predominant pattern of voting along ethnic, religious and geospatial lines. It further contends that this identity-based voting not only translates into a phenomenon of ‘voting without choosing,’ but is also problematic for social cohesion, interethnic harmony and peacebuilding in Nigeria. The relaxation of agitations for resource control in the Niger Delta throughout President Jonathan’s tenure and its revival in post-Jonathan regime is illustrative of the dilemmas and contradictions of ethnic voting and voting without choosing in Nigeria. This observation draws policy attention to addressing structural underpinnings of the relationship between ethnicity, geography and voting behaviour in Nigerian politics so as to consolidate democratic gains and enhance democratic peace in Nigeria. Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential election has been described as a turning point in the country’s political history and democratic evolution. -
Federalism and Political Problems in Nigeria Thes Is
/V4/0 FEDERALISM AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA THES IS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Olayiwola Abegunrin, B. S, Denton, Texas August, 1975 Abegunrin, Olayiwola, Federalism and PoliticalProblems in Nigeria. Master of Arts (Political Science), August, 1975, 147 pp., 4 tables, 5 figures, bibliography, 75 titles. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and re-evaluate the questions involved in federalism and political problems in Nigeria. The strategy adopted in this study is historical, The study examines past, recent, and current literature on federalism and political problems in Nigeria. Basically, the first two chapters outline the historical background and basis of Nigerian federalism and political problems. Chapters three and four consider the evolution of federal- ism, political problems, prospects of federalism, self-govern- ment, and attainment of complete independence on October 1, 1960. Chapters five and six deal with the activities of many groups, crises, military coups, and civil war. The conclusions and recommendations candidly argue that a decentralized federal system remains the safest way for keeping Nigeria together stably. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES0.0.0........................iv LIST OF FIGURES . ..... 8.............v Chapter I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .1....... Geography History The People Background to Modern Government II. THE BASIS OF NIGERIAN POLITICS......32 The Nature of Politics Cultural Factors The Emergence of Political Parties Organization of Political Parties III. THE RISE OF FEDERALISM AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA. ....... 50 Towards a Federation Constitutional Developments The North Against the South IV. -
Buhari Presidency and Federal Character in Nigeria: a Human Needs Theory Perspective
Science Arena Publications International Journal of Philosophy and Social-Psychological Sciences Available online at www.sciarena.com 2017, Vol, 3 (1): 74-90 Buhari Presidency and Federal Character in Nigeria: A Human Needs Theory Perspective Eme, Okechukwu Innocent1, Okeke, Martins Ifeanyi2 1Department of Public Administration and Local Government University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: [email protected] 2Department of Political Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Abstract: The broad objective of this study is to examine the problems of imbalance in our national life between/ among states and ethnic/religious groups in relation to the recent appointments made by the Buhari Presidency on diversity in Nigeria. This is because those from the Southern part of Nigeria have continued to express concern over the appointments made so far by President Muhammadu Buhari. They posit that the appointments were lopsided and not in the best interest of the country. President Buhari is from Katsina State, Senate President Bukola Saraki and House of Representatives Speaker, Yakubu Dogara are from Kwara and Bauchi states respectively. The judiciary is led by Justice Mahmud Mohammed from Taraba State. Of the seventeen appointments made by Buhari so far, seventeen are from the North, while five are from the South. The appointments, however, drew the ire of Nigerians who asked Buhari to respect the country’s principle of federal character. Already, the Internet, particularly the social media and blogs, are agog with reactions and counter-reactions on the matter. For those who are opposed to his appointments so far, they smack of tribalism, nepotism, religious bigotry and a pointer to his ill- motivated aspiration to Islamize the country, which must be resisted. -
Nigerians Past to Present
NCS © RJI 2020 Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1996 2 1 He began his career as an He was the educator at the first Lincoln President University, of Nigeria. teaching political science. 3 5 He devised a "Syllabus for He was removed African History" from power and penned following a military several books coup in 1966 and outlining his pan- narrowly escaped 4 He held African ideology. assassination numerous attempts on his life. posts during his illustrious political career © RJI 2020 Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkknJYgaRp8 © RJI 2020 Chinua Achebe, 1930—2013 2 1 His debut novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ He was called "the has sold over 12 father of modern million copies African writing", was a worldwide and widely read novelist has been from Nigeria who translated into played a pivotal role in more than 50 the development of languages. African literature. 3 5 He easily got accepted He wanted to present into a prestigious a realistic picture of college where he Africa to the world, 4 discovered his love for he wrote his novel He was disappointed African culture and ‘Things Fall Apart’ He with the European reading. He began wrote several other interpretation of writing during his critically acclaimed African culture and university years and novels and eventually disturbed by the non- became a teacher after won the Man Booker African authors’ graduation. International Prize. ignorance about Africa and its people. © RJI 2020 Chinua Achebe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsAzcgKVI5g © RJI 2020 Wole Soyinka 1934 - present 1 2 Wole is a Nigerian Soyinka was born into playwright and a Yoruba family in poet. -
Amending the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999
African Journal of Legal Studies 4 (2011) 123–148 brill.nl/ajls Amending the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 Nat Ofo* Senior Lecturer and Sub-Dean, College of Law, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria Abstract The amendment of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 has not been free of contro- versies. The latest controversy dogging the amendment relates to whether or not it is necessary for the President to assent to the Bill of the National Assembly amending the Constitution, even after the amend- ment has been ratified by at least two-thirds of the Houses of Assembly of the States of the Federation. There are two schools of thought on this issue; each with sound arguments in support of their respective position. A dispassionate and realistic consideration of the issue has been undertaken in this article. The conclusion is reached that the provision of the constitution dealing with its amendment is not free from ambiguity. Its lack of clarity on its amendment procedure has made it obviously in dire need of amend- ment. Consequently, necessary suggestions on how to resolve the issues, including the amendment of the amendment-provision of the constitution have been proffered. Keywords constitutional law; constitutional amendment; 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; assent of the President; interpretation of statutes; National Assembly; Senate; House of Representatives 1. Introduction Amending the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 19991 has ab ini- tio not been free from controversies. The latest controversy on the amendment of the 1999 Constitution relates to whether the assent of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is necessary before any purported amendment to the consti- tution can become effectual.2 As can be imagined, there are two views on the matter. -
5. U.S. Policy Toward Africa
GREA1918 • FOREIGN POLICYT ASSOCIATION DECISIONS EDITION 2015 5. U.S. policy toward Africa Acronyms and abbreviations Omar al-Bashir: He became the president of Sudan in 1989 after a bloodless military coup and has been under AFRICOM—U.S. Africa Command scrutiny for corruption and other abuses of power. AFISMA—African-led International Support Mission to Mali Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali (Tunisia): General Ben Ali AGOA—African Growth and Opportunity Act who was serving as prime minister, became president af- AMISON—African Union Mission in Somalia ter Habib Bourguiba was forced to step down after being APRRP—African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Part- declared mentally unfit. Ben Ali ruled until Jan. 2011, nership when he left the country following continued violent AU—African Union demonstrations in the country. CAR—Central African Republic CBC—Congressional Black Caucus Boko Haram: A militant Islamist movement based in CPA—Comprehensive Peace Agreement Nigeria that gained international attention in 2014 when DRC—Democratic Republic of the Congo it kidnapped over 200 girls, planning to sell them into ECCAS—Economic Community of Central African States slavery. ECOWAS—Economic Community of West African States ICC—International Criminal Court Omar Bongo: President of Gabon for 41 years until his LRA—Lord’s Resistance Army death in 2009. Despite periodic accusations of corruption, NTC—National Transitional Council he maintained relative stability during his time in office, PEPFAR—President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and, at the time of his death, was the longest-serving head USAID—U.S. Agency for International Development of state in Africa. Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA): A set of agreements seeking to end years of civil war in Sudan. -
AFR 44/15/93 Distr: UA/SC 3 September
EXTERNAL (for general distribution) AI Index: AFR 44/15/93 Distr: UA/SC 3 September 1993 Further information on UA 258/93 (AFR 44/10/93, 6 August 1993) - Legal Concern NIGERIA:Wale Shittu, 24 protocol officer, Civil Liberties Organization (CLO) Femi Adenuga, 25, documentation officer, CLO Emmanuel Nweke, 26, staff member, CLO Wale Shittu, Femi Adenuga and Emmanuel Nweke were released on bail in early August 1993. Wale Shittu, Femi Adenuga and Emmanuel Nweke all work for the Civil Liberties Organization (CLO), a non-governmental human rights organization. They were arrested by police on 2 July apparently for being in possession of leaflets issued by the CLO and the Campaign for Democracy calling for an end to military rule in Nigeria. They were held without charge or trial at the State Investigation and Intelligence Bureau (SIIB), Alagbon Close, in Lagos but were reportedly later charged with sedition. Amnesty International believes that Wale Shittu, Femi Adenuga and Emmanuel Nweke were arrested because of their peaceful political activities and is now calling for all charges against them to be dropped. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 0n 26 August 1993 General Ibrahim Babangida resigned as President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and installed a non-elected interim government. The new interim government is headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan, a civilian who was also the Chairman of the Transitional Council set up in January 1993 to run the day-to-day affairs of the country until a return to civilian rule scheduled for August 1993. Several former officials retain their position in the new 32-member Interim Federal Executive Council, including General Sani Abacha who remains in charge of the Defence Ministry. -
A Critical Discourse Analysis of President Muhammadu Buhari’S Inaugural Speech
European Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research Vol.3, No.3, pp.12-24, September 2015, Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) POLITICAL DISCOURSE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI’S INAUGURAL SPEECH Emmanuel C. Sharndama Federal University, Wukari Faculty of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences Department of English and Literary Studies. ABSTRACT: Political speeches are many just as political forums and events are. This Paper Critically analyses the inaugural Speech of President Muhammadu Buhari which was delivered shortly after his swearing into office on the 29th May, 2015. In carrying out the analysis, Norman Furlough’s three dimensional Analytical Models was adapted. Following the model, the speech was subjected to description (text analysis), interpretation (processing/ analysis) and explanation (social practice and analysis). The result of the analysis showed that an inaugural speech is a revelation of plans and hopes in the new government. The speech analyzed particularly revealed the ideologies/ plans on which the new government headed by President Muhammadu Buhari intends to operate. The most important ones include good governance, strengthening international relations, foreign Policies and democracy, fight insecurity, corruption, and improve power supply and the nation’s economy. KEYWORDS: Discourse, critical discourse analysis, Speech, and political speech Introduction Politics pertains to the process of struggling for power According to Bayram, (2010). It is a struggle for power in order to put certain political, economic and social ideas into practice. In this process, language plays a crucial role, for every political action is prepared, accompanied, influenced and played by language. -
On the State of Peace and Security in Africa
On the State of Peace and Security in Africa BY OLUSEGUN OBASANJO ecent developments and security threats in Mali, Central African Republic and Nigeria are alarming. And we cannot forget South Sudan and the endless conflicts in Somalia R and the Great Lakes. The African Union (AU), at its 50th Anniversary Solemn Declaration, pledged not to bequeath to future generations of Africans a legacy of wars and conflicts, by silenc- ing the guns by 2020. But 2020 is around the corner. What is the way out of this situation? Background to Today’s Security Concerns The African continent has no doubt witnessed many transformations in the last several decades, ranging from advances in the use of communication technology, to rapid economic growth trig- gered by an expanding market for Africa’s commodities, and a burgeoning youth population able to innovate in this environment. At the same time, our potential to translate these transformations into stable peace and development for African people is hampered by the continuing threat of armed conflict, along with its transmutations. Armed conflicts have become a recurrent reality in Africa since independence. From 1960 until the present day, fifty percent of Africa’s states have been ravaged by one form of conflict or another. The post-Cold War conflict resurgence is particularly disturbing. Peace and security scholars have attempted to classify armed conflicts on the continent into various catego- ries – some of which understandably only feature in our discourses in a historical sense. Categorization at this point is necessary, if only as an indication of how far we have come as a continent. -
Nigeria Relations in Historical Perspective
Journal of Political Science Volume 25 Number 1 Article 3 November 1997 U.S. - Nigeria Relations in Historical Perspective Elizabeth L. Normandy Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Normandy, Elizabeth L. (1997) "U.S. - Nigeria Relations in Historical Perspective," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 25 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol25/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. U.S.-NIGERIA RELATIONS IN IDSTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Elizabeth L. Normandy , The University of North Carolina at Pembroke Introduction United States' relations with Nigeria have alternated between periods of close or special relations and periods of indifference, neglect, and hostility. Major developments in the relationship include a period of cordial relations from 1960 to 1966, strained relations from the first Nigerian coup through the civil war 1966-1970, and a growing rapprochement from 1970 to 1979 due to mutual economic interests and the election of Jimmy Carter . The policies of the Reagan administration caused strains in the relationship. The Nigerian civil war and Angolan independence were events which led to low points in the relationship . In the post-Cold War period, U.S.-Nigeria relations have reached a new low point due to the changed priorities of U.S . foreign policy, the continuing turmoil in Nigeria's political system, and the deteriorating state of Nigeria's economy. -
83 Igbo Slang in Otu-Onitsha
An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 5 (6), Serial No. 23, November, 2011 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i6.8 Igbo Slang in Otu-Onitsha: Towards Enriching the Igbo Language (Pp. 83-94) Nkamigbo, Linda Chinelo - Department of Linguistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Eme, Cecilia Amaoge - Department of Linguistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Abstract Slang expressions are “Terms that are made up or are given new definitions [by a social group] in order to make the terms novel or conventional [such that people outside the social group are excluded from the group’s discussions]” (Harris, 1994). Slang is, therefore, a sociolinguistic phenomenon. This chapter investigates the Igbo slang expressions used by members of Otu-Onitsha speech community. Many scholars have attempted the study of slang use in Igboland (see Anasiudu and Oluikpe, 1983; Oluikpe, Anasiudu and Ogbonna, 1984; Oluikpe and Ogbonna, 1987; Anasiudu, 1987; Okorji, 1998; Ebede, 2001; Oluikpe and Anasiudu, 2006; Nwoye, 2007). Although a few instances of Igbo slang appear in some of these works, none gives a detailed examination of Igbo slang expressions frequently used in an Igbo speech community. It identifies some Igbo slang expressions, their various users and contexts of usage. As Otu-Onitsha speech community comprises Igbo speakers from the different dialect areas of Igboland, we advocate that these slang expressions in use in Otu-Onitsha should consciously be made to permeate into the various Igbo communities as it is Copyright © IAARR 2011: www.afrrevjo.com 83 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info Vol. -
Nnamdi Azikiwe Library University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Nnamdi Azikiwe Library University of Nigeria, Nsukka PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND PROFESSIONAL SUMMIT ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (PSIST) Theme: Scholarly Communication and Information: Mentoring, Mastery and Modernization Held at the Nnamdi Azikiwe New Library Complex, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Proceedings of Second Professional Summit on Information Science and Technology (PSIST) Copyright © Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. All rights reserved. I Material published as part of this publication, either online or in print, is copyrighted by Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Permission to make digital or paper copy of part or all of these works for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage. I Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Prof. B.N. Okolo Vice Chancellor Prof. 1.Asuzu Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academics) Prof. Egbeka Aja Deputy Vice Chancellor (Administration) Prof. Rich Umeh Deputy Vice Chancellor (Enugu Campus) ChienO.Okonta Ag. Registrar ChinasaObi Ag. Bursar Charles O. Omekwu (ph.D) - University Librarian INAUGURATION OF CONFERENCE COMMlTfEE MEMBERS Summit Director: Charles O. Omekwu (ph.D) Summit Coordinator: Chinwe N. Ezeani (ph. D) Hotel AceommodationITransportation Committee 1. Dr M. O. Okoye Committee Chairman 2. Mr. V.O. Ekwelem Member 3. Mr,. lV. Ezema 4. Mr. E. Ezeji 5. Rev.Dr. A.B.C. Okorie 6. MIs E. Njoku 7. MIs N. Idoko 8. MIs A. Ejikeme PublicitylPublieation Committee Members 1. Dr. (Mrs.) C. N. Ezeani Committee Chairman 2. Mr. J. 1. Ezema Member 3. Miss S.Ukwuoma 4. Obidike, N. (Mrs) 5. Mrs.