Irrigation Systems Audits in Epirus and Western Greece
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Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes IRMA Irrigation Systems Audits in Epirus and Western Greece WP5, Action 5.2. Deliverable 3 www.irrigation-management.eu 1 Front page back [intentionally left blank] 2 IRMA info European Territorial Cooperation Programmes (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 www.greece-italy.eu Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes (IRMA) www.irrigation-management.eu 3 IRMA partners LP, Lead Partner, TEIEP Technological Educational Institution of Epirus http://www.teiep.gr, http://research.teiep.gr P2, AEPDE Olympiaki S.A., Development Enterprise of the Region of Western Greece http://www.aepde.gr P3, INEA / P7, CRA Ιnstituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria http://www.inea.it P4, ISPA-CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari http://www.ispa.cnr.it/ P5, ROP Regione di Puglia http://www.regione.puglia.it P6, ROEDM Decentralised Administration of Epirus–Western Macedonia http://www.apdhp-dm.gov.gr 4 Deliverable 5.2.3. Irrigation Audits in Greece (100x) Involved partners: TEIEP (LP) Authoring team: TEIEP support team: Dr. Myriounis Christos, Geologist – Rural & Dr. Tsirogiannis I.L., Dr. Varras G., Dr. Surveyor Engineer, TEIEP Barouchas P., Dr. Malamos N., Fotia K. Mr. Giotis Dimitrios, Agronomist MSc, TEIEP Place and time: Arta, 2015 European Territorial Cooperation Programmes (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 www.greece-italy.eu Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes (IRMA) www.irrigation-management.eu 5 Publication info WP5: Irrigation management tools Deliverable 5.2.3. Irrigation Audits in Greece (100x) The work that is presented in this ebook has been co- financed by EU / ERDF (75%) and national funds of Greece and Italy (25%) in the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation Programme (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 (www.greece-italy.eu): IRMA project (www.irrigation-management.eu), subsidy contract no: I3.11.06. © This open access ebook is published under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC) license and is freely accessible online to anyone. Disclaimer Recommendations and projections from this technical guide are based on mathematical models and their accuracy depends upon the quality of measurements and data provided by each individual user. Projections of water use and computed irrigation schedules should always verified and calibrated against actual conditions. The IRMA project and all the linked legal entities and persons make no warranty, implied or expressed, as to the results obtained from these procedures. 6 Talk about irrigation audits and this specific report, provide comments and new information You are welcome at the special for audits page in IRMA's forum. Insert the following URL to your web browser http://www.irrigation-management.eu/forumx/irrigation-audits or scan the QRcode to get there . 7 This report refers to the Deliverable 3 of the Work Package 5 of the Action 5.2 of IRMA research program that is co-financed by EU / ERDF (75%) and national funds of Greece and Italy (25%) in the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation Programme (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013. The project team, which was worked for this report, is presented below. Christos Myriounis Project Director Geologist – Rural & Surveyor Engineer Dr. Hydrogeology- Groundwater hydraulics P. Tsaldari 17, 46100, Igoumenitsa, tel. +302665100220 email. [email protected] Dimitris Giotis Director for Perf. Epirus and W.Greece Agronomist MSc Agrochemistry and biological cultivations Smirnis 20, Arta, tel +302681027167 email. [email protected] Aikaterini Chioteli Director for Perf. Epirus and W.Greece Agronomist – Landscape architect Dr. Landscape architecture Μ. Kotopouli 66-68, email. [email protected] Aikaterini Gkoltsiou Director for Perf. Epirus and W.Greece Argonomist – Landscape Architect Dr. Geography Univ. Aegean D. Psatha 10, Melissia, 15127 tel. +302106136246 email. [email protected] Aikaterini Kefi Director for Perf. Epirus and W.Greece Agronomist Imaret Arta, 47100 email. [email protected] Aglaia Karamani Field Recorder Floriculture-Landscape Architecture Analipsis 196, Prebeza tel. +302682025640 email. [email protected] Dimitris Myriounis Field Recorder Agronomist Pargis 5, 46100,Igoumenitsa tel. +302665101544 email. [email protected] Konstantinos Field Recorder Christodoulou Dep. Irrigation and Water Resources Sokratous 32 & Feidou, Kastelokampos Patron, tel. +302610910776 email. [email protected] Eleni Lampraki Field Recorder Floriculture-Landscape Architecture Τεχνολόγος Γεωπόνος, Τμήμα Α.Α.Τ. ΤΕΙ Ηπείρου Agiou Markou 9, Arta, 47100 email. [email protected] Vasileios Koulos Chemist Koboti Artas, 47040 Vasiliki Vasila Mechanical engineer St. Eirinis 102, Preveza, 48100, tel +302682024742 email. [email protected] 8 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15 General ................................................................................................................................ 15 Water regions of Greece ........................................................................................................ 17 Irrigation Systems Performance in Greece ............................................................................... 18 Irrigation water needs theory ................................................................................................. 22 Irrigation needs in crops ..................................................................................................... 22 Irrigation needs in landscapes ............................................................................................. 24 Irrigation efficiency – Uniformity ............................................................................................ 26 Irrigation scheduling.............................................................................................................. 29 Crop water requirements ................................................................................................... 29 Estimating Evapotranspiration ............................................................................................ 30 Soil-water Storage ............................................................................................................. 30 Allowable Soil Water Depletion ........................................................................................... 32 The water budget procedure .............................................................................................. 32 Irrigation Auditing procedure ..................................................................................................... 35 General ................................................................................................................................ 35 Site Inspection ................................................................................................................... 35 Performance Testing .......................................................................................................... 35 Irrigation scheduling .......................................................................................................... 37 Equipment for Irrigation Auditing ........................................................................................... 38 Audit procedure .................................................................................................................... 39 Analytical procedures in irrigation auditing ............................................................................. 42 General ............................................................................................................................. 42 Conducting an Irrigation Audit ............................................................................................ 42 Audit Results ..................................................................................................................... 43 Pump Systems ................................................................................................................... 44 Factors for quantification of an efficient irrigation operation .................................................... 45 Study area ................................................................................................................................ 47 Region of Epirus .................................................................................................................... 49 Region of Western Greece ..................................................................................................... 49 Climatic conditions ................................................................................................................ 49 Soil parameters..................................................................................................................... 54 Auditing procedures in study areas ............................................................................................. 60 General ................................................................................................................................ 60 Irrigation audits in farm fields ...............................................................................................