Rivers Report

Monktonmead Brook Catchment Area

December 2012

Maps and data produced through ArcView GIS analysis and under Contractor Licence from the Council (© Crown copyright and database rights 2012 Ordnance Survey licence number 1000 19229)

Contents

Contents ...... 2 Summary ...... 3 Key management issues ...... 4 Monktonmead Brook Catchment Area ...... 5 The watercourse ...... 7 The wider landscape - an overview ...... 7 Landscape change ...... 8 Estates and manors ...... 9 Detailed analysis of the HLC database ...... 11 Development...... 12 Field Patterns ...... 13 Amalgamated fields ...... 14 Assarts ...... 14 Enclosure ...... 15 Re-organised Fields ...... 16 Sub-divided Fields ...... 17 Field Patterns by era ...... 17 Open Land ...... 18 Valley Floor ...... 18 Parkland and Designed Landscapes ...... 19 Woodland ...... 19 Tables of data ...... 21

Summary

The Monktonmead Brook Catchment area extends from and West Downs in the south to the shore at between Pelhamfields in the west and Appley Park in the east on the north east coastline of the Isle of Wight.

Monktonmead Brook rises in Bloodstone Copse at the base of Ashey Down it has a very natural sinuous character along much of its course but it completely piped underground from St Johns to the seashore under the town of Ryde. It flows through woodland, pasture and alongside the Isle of Wight Steam Railway and Island Line railway tracks. For part of its length it defines the boundary of the Medieval Parishes of Newchurch and and Newchurch and St Helens.

The underlying geology of the area is clay which has given heavy soils which in locations are overlain by gravel caps creating drier areas.

Historically, the area would have been more wooded and would have included extensive areas of heathland and common grazing lands. Its use would have been influenced by the Manors of Whitefield, Ashey, Smallbrook, Ryde and Nunwell and at times by the Abbeys of Wherwell and to some extent Quarr.

Significant assarting of woodland took place in the Medieval and Post Medieval periods particularly in areas around Whitefield Wood and Little Upton. Some 53.5% of Ancient Woodland has been lost.

Enclosure of common and heath land took place largely in the 19th century, very little remains.

The town of Ryde expanded in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The northern area of the catchment (north of Aldermoor Farm, Rosemary Vineyard and Great Preston Road) is almost completely developed as the town of Ryde and its suburbs.

Outside of the urban area field patterns changed significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries with the amalgamation of smaller fields to create larger parcels, re-organisation of fields through the removal of boundaries and in some areas sub-division to create smaller fields.

South of Ryde on the urban fringe the area is subjected to pressure from amenity, leisure use and development. Small areas of land have been retained as uncultivated scrub and rough grassland close to the valley floor near to the brook close north of Smallbrook Lane.

Key management issues

 Woodland management – appropriate management of existing woodland for the landscape, historic environment and biodiversity. This will be achieved either through grant funding or through continued attempts to establish viable economic markets for woodland products.

 Woodland planting – any new woodland planting should be based upon restoration of areas which have some historic basis for woodland cover.

 Hedgerow management – appropriate management of existing hedgerows and potential restoration of historic hedgerows as effective stock boundaries and an important contributor to the landscape character of the area.

 Urban pressures – particularly in the areas defined as Landscape Improvement Zones in the Isle of Wight Landscape Character Assessment but also across the pasturelands in smaller field parcels and close to urban edges. In the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century there has been considerable pressure on smaller plots for leisure and amenity use such as ‘horsiculture’. Ryde has been identified as an area for the concentration of development in the Core Strategy of the Island Plan and it is likely that the Area Action for Ryde will see an expansion of settlement in areas south of Ryde.

 Pasture management – extensive versus intensive grazing and management practices to minimise diffuse pollution of the watercourse.

Monktonmead Brook Catchment Area The following map shows the catchment area for Monktomead Brook. Some 1114 hectares in size, the area includes a large part of the town of Ryde and its suburbs (, Oakfield, , Swanmore, Weeks and Appley) in the north and a more rural area in the south including parts of Ashey and Upton. The catchment area falls within the modern civil parishes of Ryde, and Ashey, and Brading. Its extent reflects the area of landscape that has influence on the watercourse by acting as its watershed ( represents the location from which photographs have been taken).

B A

B: View from Ashey Down towards Ryde and Monktonmead Brook in the valley. the in Brook Monktonmead and Ryde towards Down Ashey View from B: A : View from Downs Road looking towards Ryde with Monktonmead Brook in the valley. the in Brook withMonktonmead Ryde towards looking Road Downs View from : A The watercourse Monktonmead Brook rises as a spring below Ashey Down in Bloodstone Copse (55 metres AOD) where the geology is a series of clay formations close to the edge of the chalk. The Brook then continues northwards as a sinuous stream through farmland and then parallel to the Isle of Wight Steam Railway. At Smallbrook Junction Station where the Isle of Wight Steam Railway joins Island Line the Monktonmead Brook continues alongside the railway line until it reaches Oakfield close to Ryde St John’s Station. Up until this point the brook is largely natural in its profile flowing a sinuous stream at the bottom of the valley, the only exceptions being where it passes under the railway line and roads (Smallbrook Lane, Green Lane, East Ashey Lane) where it is culverted and bridged. From this point forward, the brook is completely underground through culverts until its outfall onto the beach north of Cornwall Street.

The main stream is also fed along its course by a number of smaller tributary watercourses draining the higher ground to the east (Whitefield Wood) and west (Great Upton and Aldermoor).

The wider landscape - an overview The Isle of Wight Landscape Character Assessment describes the landscape of the whole of the Isle of Wight and defines eleven distinct Landscape Character Types outside of the settlement areas across the county. Below are listed the Landscape Character Types occurring within the Monktonmead Brook Catchment Area:

 Chalk Downs – (Ashey Down in the south of the catchment)  Landscape Improvement Zones – (Ashey, Upton and Westridge areas)  Northern Woodlands – (Whitefield Woods)  Traditional Enclosed Pasture – (throughout the catchment south of the settlement in the north of the area)

The Isle of Wight Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) identifies and describes Historic Landscape Character Types based on present day land use, land management and settlement patterns which reflect different historical processes in their formation. It also defines and describes the past landscape character of the Isle of Wight, using a variety of sources, in order to better understand how this past landscape character has influenced the present historic landscape character of the area. The Monktonmead Brook Catchment Area falls completely within the Northern Lowlands HLC Type with the detailed HLC database providing information on individual land parcels, enclosure, time depth, boundaries and other historic environment information.

The very south of the catchment area (south of East Ashey Lane) is part of the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated area.

Landscape change The Isle of Wight Historic Environment Action Plan (HEAP) is based on the findings of the HLC and describes broad HLC Areas across the Isle of Wight. As mentioned earlier, the Monktonmead Brook catchment area lies within the Northern Lowlands HEAP Area. From this and other documentary sources we can infer that the principal historical processes in the Monktonmead Brook catchment area include:

 Evidence of the strategic importance of the northern coastline and its inlets dates as far back as prehistoric times.  Inland, the landscape was a mosaic of woodland, damp clay and drier gravel heath in prehistoric times. Pollen analysis indicates extensive modification of woodland during the Neolithic period leading to the loss of native Lime woodland.  The Northern Lowlands area is thought to have been less intensively farmed or settled than other parts of the Isle of Wight during the Roman and Medieval periods.  The Monktonmead Brook catchment would have lain within the Anglo-Saxon mother parishes of Newchurch, St Helens and Brading. Monktonmead Brook acts as the boundary between Newchurch and Brading and Newchurch and St Helens medieval parishes.  The northern coastline was vulnerable to attack from Vikings and the French (up until the 16th century).  Domesday Manors include, Ashey, Nunwell, Brading and Whitefield.  Whitefield Manor was one of the most important Manors in the Newchurch Parish. It was recorded as having three mills in the Domesday Survey giving it great value.  Assarting of woodland to create areas for grazing or cultivation largely took place in the medieval and post medieval periods (around Whitefield Wood and Little Upton).  Extensive areas of heathland and common were once present in the landscape on the clay soils (Ashey Common, Smallbrook Heath, Aldermoor) and used for grazing. Many of these were enclosed (largely during the 19th century).  The north of the catchment saw increased development in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries as the town of Ryde grew and created a number of suburbs to the west, south and east. This changed the natural course of the northern section of the Monktonmead Brook which was piped underground.  Field patterns changed significantly during the 19th and 20th centuries with further enclosure of downland and with amalgamation, re-organisation and sub division of fields.  The opened in the late 19th century (Ryde to Newport and Ryde to ) part of its route running parallel to Monktonmead Brook.  The manors of Ashey and Nunwell and the of Quarr all had influence on the landscape of the area.  From Smallbrook Lane northwards the area has changed significantly in the 20th century and is likely to see increased development pressure into the 21st century.

Estates and manors Ashey Manor Ashey Manor was granted to the Abbey of Wherwell (near Andover) in the 13th century and included extensive lands from Ashey Down north to the coast including the village of Ride (Ryde) and the passage from Ryde to Portsmouth was one of its major sources of income. The medieval Manor site (which is close to the modern day East Ashey Manor Farm)was a religious house. On the dissolution of the monasteries and suppression of religious houses in the 16th century the lands of the Manor passed to the Worsley family who had been the last tenants of the Abbess. It was divided into two estates due to a member of the family dying intestate with the northern part becoming the Manor of Ryde and the southern part remaining as Ashey Manor. This was sold in 1624 to Thomas Cotele with ownership passing through inheritance to George Lord Mount Edgcumbe who sold the Manor to Joseph Bettesworth in 1789. It then passed through marriage and inheritance into the Player and then Brigstocke family.

Ryde Originally a part of Ashey Manor (see above)this became a distinct manor under John the youngest son of Giles Worsley. The manor was sold by Sir Robert Worsley to Anthony Dillington (Knighton Gorges) in 1565. It was sold in 1705 by Sir John Dillington to Henry Player. There was considerable friction between the Player and Betteworth families (see Ashey Manor) over shore rights which were becoming increasingly profitable due to passage across . In 1811 shore rights were judged to belong to Mrs Bettesworth of Ashey Manor. However, by the middle of the 19th century the Player family and the Bettesworth family had, through marriage and inheritance rejoined the Manors of Ashey and Ryde. William Player Brigstocke was living at Ryde House (to the north west of the Monktonmead Brook catchment area) in the late 19th century.

Smallbrook Manor Today Smallbrook Farm is situated just north east of the centre of the catchment. The ‘small brook’ from which it takes its name is in fact the Monktonmead Brook. In 1280 William de Smallbrook (Smalebroo) granted lkand to his son Hugh. By the end of the 14th century it had passed to the Wyvill family until it was sold in 1491-2 to Henry Howles. It remained in the Howles family until the reign of Elizabeth I when it was diided between co-heirs and sold to Sir William Oglander. Sir John Oglander is named as the freeholder in court rolls of 1624 and the estate then continued in the Oglander family as part of the Nunwell Estate probably until the 19th century.

Whitefield Manor Recorded as two entries in the Domesday Book Whitefield is shown as being in the possession of William of Stur. Part of the holding included a saltern which indicates that it was an extensive manor extending to the north east coast. The other part of the estate included three mills and was of considerable value. The manor gave name to the Wyvill (Witvil) family and was grnated by Hugh de Witvil in 1158 to the abbey at Quarr. It remained with them until the death of John de Witvil at the end of the 12th century. The manor was then the subject of a dispute between and the Crown with both claiming ownership. In the 13th century the manor came into the possession of the Tracy family and was sold by Joan wife of William de Tracy in 1279 to John de Hardington. It was given by John to the King with the Crown taking possession of the estate after his death. It was given to various members of the royal family until 1628 when it was given by Charles I as security for his debts to the City of London who sold it in 1630 to John Oglander of Nunwell. It then became part of the Nunwell Estate.

Nunwell This was one of the Earl Tostig’s manors before the Norman Conquest. At the time of Domesday it was held by the King. Various lands in the area are recorded as being conveyed between the Tracy and Houton families. It would seem that the Oglander family had an interest in the area from the at least the beginning of the 13th century. There is a record of lands being given to Priory and the Abbey of Lire (Lyre). Nunwell then remains in the Oglander family into the early 20th century. The Oglanders were great Royalists during the civil war with Sir John being Deputy Givernor of Portsmouth and Deputy Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight. His son was created a baronet by Charles II in 1665 Nunwell House and designed park and gardens remain an important historical feature in the landscape today although they are just to the east of the Monktonmead Brook catchment area.

Detailed analysis of the HLC database

Using ArcView GIS software an analysis of the HLC has provided the following detailed information for the Monktonmead Brook catchment area. These are shown in the following pie chart.

Monktomead Brook Catchment - Percentage of Broad HLC Types

2.9% 3.5%

Development 15.3% Field Patterns 43.0% Woodland

Open Land

35.3% Valley Floor

It can be seen that the three largest Broad HLC Types within the catchment are: Development (43%) - for the purposes of this report this includes other Broad HLC Types (Settlement, Industry, Mineral Extraction, Recreation, and Communications). Field Patterns (35.3%) Woodland (15.3%)

Development

This category includes a number of Broad HLC Types including mineral extraction, industry, communications, recreation and settlement. These have been grouped together to show ‘development’ across the catchment area (43%).

It can be seen that the earliest development is located at the site of Ashey Manor (East Ashey). This important early medieval site was a Domesday Manor and religous house. The adjacent Nunwell is thought to have gained its name from Nuns having drawn water from the spring at the base of the downs nearby, the source of the Monktonmead Brook.

Development is particularly focussed on the northern area of the catchment around the town of Ryde which grew from a small former fishing village on the coast and small village inland on the hill top starting in the 18th century and gaining pace in the 19th and 20th centuries. A number of the smaller rural hamlets also expanded in the 20th century.

Field Patterns

Within this Broad HLC Type there area a number of descriptive sub-types the proportion of each is shown in the following chart:

Field Patterns by descriptive sub type

3.3% 3.3% Field Patterns Amalgamated Fields

1.7% Field Patterns Assart(s) 1.7% 5.0% 1.7% Field Patterns Re-organised Field Pattern 26.7% Field Patterns Enclosed Downland 5.0% Field Patterns Enclosed Pasture or Meadow

8.3% Field Patterns Enclosed Heathland

Field Patterns Enclosed Parkland

Field Patterns Enclosed 23.3% Waste/Common/Green 20.0% Field Patterns Unidentified Enclosure Type

Field Patterns Sub-divided Fields

Field Patterns Vineyard

This map shows the distribution of the various Field Pattern descriptive sub-types across the Monktonmead Brook catchment area. These are described below.

Amalgamated fields These are fields that consist of a number of historic fields that have been joined together, they differ from fields classified as ‘Re-organised’ (see below) in that they still show evidence of the earlier field patterns. Amalgamation may have occurred at various periods through history. For the Monktonmead Brook catchment these have been mapped below:

Most of the amalgamated fields in this catchment area date from the 19th and 20th centuries and are found throughout the catchment outside of the urban area. This tells us that a significant proportion of the catchment saw an increase in field sizes during that period.

Assarts Fields that were created for cultivation or grazing through the removal of woodland a process also known as assarting are known as assarts. Assarting has taken place in this landscape and catchment area as far back as Neolithic period and was particularly intensive on the down land in the Bronze Age. The HLC has used information from documentary evidence including maps and charters and then used this to assign an historic period for assarts. On the right these have been mapped for the Monktonmead Catchment area.

It can be seen that a significant number of assarts were created in the medieval and post medieval periods. If we analysis the total area of ancient woodland (Ancient Woodland and Replanted Ancient Woodland) and areas assarted we can calculate there has been a 53.5% loss of ancient woodland in the area.

Enclosure This map shows the extent of areas identified as having been enclosed.

In general most enclosure in this area took place in the 19th and 20th centuries. Notable exceptions to this being the enclosed heathland at Aldermoor Farm which is Post Mediveal in date and small areas of enclosed downland from the same period on the southern boundary of the area.

Enclosed Downland. In the southern part of the catchment at Ashey Down there are a number of fields that have been formed through the enclosure of downland. The earliest of these is a very small area right on the southern boundary enclosed in the Post Medieval period. This is neighboured by a further small area enclosed in the 19th century. A large area of enclosed downland on Ashey Down dates from the 20th century and is bounded by a further area of unknown date.

Enclosed Heathland. Within this ctachment there is only one large area of former heathland that is shown as being enclosed in the Post Medieval period. This is located close to Aldermoor Farm on the western boundary of the area.

Enclosed Parkland. In the south east corner of the ctachment an area of arable farmland is shown as being enclosed from parkland in the 20th century. This was part of the parkland of the Nunwell Estate and includes a number of mature hedge row trees and field oaks that would have been planted in the area when it was largely pastoral in character.

Enclosed Waste / Common / Green. One large area of land formerly part of Ashey Common is shown as enclosed waste/common/green. This dates from the 19th century. The area still includes a number of mature oak field trees and hedgerow trees.

Enclosed Pasture / Meadow. These areas are located close to the urban development in the south of Ryde. A large area of enclosure between the railwayline and Great Preston Road and Smallbrook Lane dates from the medieval period. A small area south of Alfred Street off Weeks Road of unknown date and and area close to Rosemary Vineyard and adjacent to Monktonmead Brook dates from the 19th century.

Unidentified Enclosure. There is one small area of enclosure west of Rosemary Farm (now a horse riding and stables business) is of unknown date.

Re-organised Fields These fields have been re-organised through the removal of boundaries between previously smaller fields to create larger field parcels. Unlike ‘Amalgamated’ fields these fields show little evidence (if any) of the former fields or have had their boundaries significantly altered.

The earliest reorganisation occurs in the post medieval period and is located in two areas. At Smallbrook the HLC indicates that a large area of what may have been medieval assarts was reorganised in the post medieval period as part of the holding of Smallbrook. A second area close to the eastern boundary of the catchment at Barnsley Farm is likely to have been assarted from Barnsley Copse in the medieval period and then re-organised in the post medieval period.

The remaining re-organisation of fields is indicated as taking place in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Sub-divided Fields These are fields which have been been sub-divided from larger parcels. There are two within this catchment.

The first dates from the 19th century and is at Upton in the west of the area and was part of 19th century holding of Millhouse Farm. Upton Windmill is shown as being in this area on the 1st edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.

The second area was sub divided after the 1950s. It is It was part of Whitefield Wood on the unpublished Ordnance Survey and the tithe map shows it as a single field used as pasture.

Field Patterns by era This map shows the field patterns in the area by historical period. From this we can see that many of the field patterns in the area date from changes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The remainder are from the medieval period ( assarting around Whitefield Woods, Gatehouse and Little Upton, and at Smallbrook Cross) and post medieval periods (Aldermoor Farm, Whitefield Woods, East Ashey Manor Farm and Nunwell Farm).

Open Land

These are areas of uncultivated land and tend to be small enclosed areas. Most of the Open Land in the area is close to the Monktonmead Brook and off of Rosemary Lane dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. There is also a small area of unimporved chalk grassland between Bloodstone and Eaglehead Copses in the south of the catchment close to the source of Monktonmead Brook.

This is probably a surviving remnant of wider chalk downland on the edge of West Nunwell Down which is now subject to arable cultivation.

Valley Floor

The extent of the valley floor was mapped according to the limit of the flat ground on either side of rivers, streams and ditches, genrally defined by contours running parallell to the watercourse.

Within this catchment there are a number of enclosed pasture or meadow on the valley floor of unknown date, a small area of 19th century enclosure of valley floor pasture or meadow near Rosemary Vineyard, and a small area of enclosed valley floor woodland of unknown date near Rosemary Vineyard.

Parkland and Designed Landscapes

A small area of Parkland and Designed Landscape is mapped in the north east corner of the catchment. This is the western edge of Appley Park.

This formed part of the former Appley Towers estate having been taken out of the earlier parkland of the St John’s estate to the west.

Woodland This map shows the distribution of woodland in the Monktonmead Brook catchment by type. As set out earlier a significant proportion of the cathcment was assarted from ancient woodland in the Medieval and Post Medieval periods. Ancient woodland is now largley confined to small copses close to the watercourse near its source at (Eaglehead and Bloodstone Copses), and near to Smallbrook Junction. Whitefield Wood and adjacent copses for a large area of Replanted Ancient Woodland with a further area at Broadley Copse near Hardingshute Farm. There is a small area of Plantation woodland next to Angels Copse near to Smallbrook Stadium.

There are a number of Secondary Woodland areas adjacent to Ancient Woodland sites and ar Smallbrook Heath and Swanmore.

This map shows the distribution of woodland by era.

A small area of secondary woodland (as classified by the Biodiversity data but actually is shown as having a wooded character on the unpublished OS survey of 1793) is shown as being Post Medieval in origin. It seems likely that the area was originally heathland and a number of trees have gradually grown up on the area.

Ancient woodland areas are shown as having ‘unknown date’ but by their nature should have been woodland since at least 1600 AD.

A small area of Secondary Woodland to the south of Bloodstone Copse is shown as dating from the 19th & 20th centuries.

The Replanted Anceint Woodland at Whitefield Wood and its adjacent copses is shown as being o 20th century origin having been replanted largely with coniferous species since the mid 20th century.

Tables of data

Values Row Labels % of Area Area square meters hectares Field Patterns 35.1% 6485793.6 648.6 Settlement 27.5% 2990165.9 299.0 Woodland 15.2% 927585.4 92.8 Communications 4.7% 84897.1 8.5 Industry 4.1% 111387.6 11.1 Open Land 3.5% 98401.5 9.8 Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.6% 40329.6 4.0 Recreation 6.4% 249675.8 25.0 Valley Floor 2.9% 148963.2 14.9 (blank) 0.0% Grand Total 100.0% 11137199.7 1113.7

Values % of Row Labels Area Area square meters Field Patterns 35.1% 6485793.6 Amalgamated Fields 9.4% 2324675.4 Assart(s) 8.2% 905076.1 Enclosed Downland 2.9% 198746.8 Enclosed Heathland 0.6% 348766.4 Enclosed Parkland 0.6% 320267.2 Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 1.8% 141860.8 Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 0.6% 316958.5 Re-organised Field Pattern 7.0% 1496799.2 Sub-divided Fields 1.2% 69332.6 Unidentified Enclosure Type 1.8% 266261.8 Vineyard 1.2% 97048.8 Settlement 27.5% 2990165.9 Woodland 15.2% 927585.4 Ancient Woodland 5.8% 174420.3 Plantation 1.2% 5433.9 Replanted Ancient Woodland 1.8% 612704.5 Secondary Woodland 6.4% 135026.6 Communications 4.7% 84897.1 Industry 4.1% 111387.6 Open Land 3.5% 98401.5 Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.6% 40329.6 Recreation 6.4% 249675.8 Valley Floor 2.9% 148963.2

(blank) 0.0% Grand Total 100.0% 11137199.7

ry

Row Labels

Early Medieval Medieval Post Medieval Century 18th Century 19th & 20th 19th Century Early 20th Century Century 20th Centu Late 20th Century 21st Unknown Total Grand Communications 0.00% 9.09% 0.00% 0.00% 15.63% 4.55% 0.00% 0.00% 2.56% 0.00% 0.00% 4.68% Field Patterns 0.00% 90.91% 76.92% 0.00% 43.75% 40.91% 0.00% 29.41% 20.51% 0.00% 16.00% 35.09%

Industry 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.13% 0.00% 12.50% 0.00% 12.82% 0.00% 0.00% 4.09%

Open Land 0.00% 0.00% 7.69% 0.00% 3.13% 0.00% 0.00% 5.88% 5.13% 0.00% 4.00% 3.51%

Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.88% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.58%

Recreation 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.38% 0.00% 25.00% 11.76% 5.13% 0.00% 8.00% 6.43% Settlement 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 18.75% 50.00% 62.50% 35.29% 38.46% 100.00% 0.00% 27.49% Valley Floor 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 12.00% 2.92%

Woodland 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00% 4.55% 0.00% 11.76% 15.38% 0.00% 60.00% 15.20%

(blank) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Grand Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%