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Mora Obando Et Al. Variación Poblacional De Riama Sauria

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Mora Obando Et Al. Variación Poblacional De Riama Sauria Novedades Collombiianas, 10(1) - 2010 17 VARIACIÓN POBLACIONAL DE Riama columbiana (SAURIA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) DE LOS ALREDEDORES DE SAN JUAN DE PASTO, NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Mora Obando, Diana Lorena 1, Marvin Alfredo Anganoy Criollo 1, César Paz Egas 1, John Jairo Calderón Leyton 2 1 Universidad de Nariño, Programa de Biología, Grupo de Herpetología GHUN. [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] San Juan de Pasto, Nariño (Colombia). 2 Universidad de Nariño, Programa de Biología. Grupo de Amigos para la Investigación y la Conservación de las Aves GAICA. [email protected] San Juan de Pasto, Nariño (Colombia). RESUMEN Diferentes poblaciones de lagartijas del género Riama del Sur de Colombia se asignan para Riama columbiana , a este complejo se suman las poblaciones de los alrededores de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, sugiriendo la diversificación de la especie. En este estudio, colectamos y revisamos 14 y 10 ejemplares de R. columbiana de los corregimientos de Cabrera y Genoy, respectivamente, de los cuales se tomaron datos morfológicos y morfométricos que permitieron describir la variación intra e interpoblacional de ésta especie. Aunque, nuestros resultados reflejaron variación ontogénica, no se presentaron diferencias entre sexos y tampoco diferencias entre las poblaciones (p<0,05), ya que la consolidación de los grupos fue baja ( λ de Wilk 0,00284). Además, encontramos que características como el número de hileras longitudinales de escamas ventrales (10) y de escamas supraoculares (4) no varían, mientras que las hileras longitudinales de escamas dorsales (21 a 31) y los poros femorales (8 a 10) varían ampliamente. Palabras clave. Morfología, Gymnophthalmidæ, Riama columbiana , Historia natural, variación poblacional. ABSTRACT Different lizard populations of the genus Riama of the Southern Colombia are assigned to R. columbiana ; likewise, the populations around the City of San Juan de Pasto are assigned to this species complex, suggesting the diversification of this species. In this study, we collected and reviewed 14 and Mora Obando et all. Variiaciión pobllaciionall de Riiama collumbiiana 18 10 specimens of R. columbiana from the corrections of Cabrera and Genoy, respectively. Morphological and morphometric data of each one were taken in order to describe the intra and inter- populational variation of this species. Moreover, our results showed ontogeny variation, did not present differences between males and females and differences between populations either (p<0, 05), because the group consolidation was low (Wilk´s λ 0,00284). Furthermore, we found that features such as the row number of ventral longitudinal scales (10) and supraoculars scales (4) showed no variation, while the row number of dorsal longitudinal scales (21 to 31) and femoral pores (8 to 10) vary widely. Key words. Morphology, Gymnophthalmidæ, Riama columbiana , natural history, populational variation. INTRODUCCIÓN especie. En los alrededores de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, Nariño (Colombia), esta especie La familia Gymnophthalmidae se ha es abundante, y en los últimos ocho años, se caracterizado por una pobre definición de sus han colectado diferentes individuos, lo cual géneros. Recientemente, Doan y Castoe (2005) permite determinar y analizar la variación dividieron las especies del género Proctoporus morfológica entre sexos, edad y poblaciones. sensu lato en tres géneros: Proctoporus sensu stricto , Riama y Petracola , basados en un Teniendo en cuenta la ambigüedad taxonómica análisis filogenético de caracteres morfológicos de la especie, es necesario evaluar la variación y genéticos. Riama columbiana (Anderson, de sus poblaciones con base en diferentes 1914) (antes Proctoporus columbianus ) es una características morfológicas, puesto que la especie pobremente conocida, con una ausencia de una descripción morfológica definición taxonómica ambigua , y como adecuada, ha dificultado la diagnosis de R. resultado poblaciones del sur de Colombia han columbiana . Por esta razón y en función de lo sido incluidas en esta especie. expuesto, evaluamos la variación morfológica de dos poblaciones de R. columbiana de los Los estudios de variación entre y en alrededores de San Juan de Pasto (Nariño). poblaciones de lagartijas Colombianas son escasos y más en R. columbiana , con excepción del trabajo de Chávez y Daza (2005), relacionado con la ecología de la Novedades Collombiianas, 10(1) - 2010 19 MATERIALES Y METÓDOS El material examinado de la colección Área de estudio zoológica de la Universidad de Nariño fue: Riama columbiana . COLOMBIA: Nariño, El corregimiento de Cabrera (Figura 1) se Pasto, Genoy (PSO-CZ 340 - 353); Riama encuentra al Oriente a 7.5 km de la ciudad de columbiana . COLOMBIA: Nariño, Pasto, San Juan de Pasto, con una posición geográfica Cabrera (PSO-CZ 300- 308, PSO-CZ 315). de 1° 12’ 24,8” N y 77° 13’ 55,3” W, tiene una altura de 2820 m, una temperatura promedio Variables evaluadas anual de 12 °C y una precipitación anual entre 914,4 mm y 1317,3 mm (Alcaldía de Pasto Las variables morfológicas evaluadas fueron: 2002). El corregimiento de Genoy (Figura 1) se hileras transversas de escamas ventrales (Htv), encuentra en las faldas del volcán Galeras, al hileras transversas de escamas dorsales (Htd), occidente, a 12 km de San Juan de Pasto, hileras longitudinales de escamas ventrales presenta una altura de 2400 m y una (Hlv), hileras longitudinales de escamas temperatura media de 14 °C (Obando 2008). dorsales (Hld), número de poros femorales izquierdos (Fi), número de poros femorales Colecta de especímenes derechos (Fd); y las variables morfométricas fueron: longitud hocico-cloaca (LHC), largo La captura de especímenes de R. columbiana , cabeza (LC), ancho cabeza (AC), alto cabeza se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica de rastrillaje (Ac), longitud del cuerpo (LCu), altura del y captura manual, buscando cuidadosamente en cuerpo (aCu), ancho del cuerpo (Acu), la tierra, incluyendo la remoción de piedras, distancia entre miembros anteriores y troncos y hojarasca (Scrocchi y Kretzschmar, posteriores (DAP), distancia entre miembros 1996). La colecta de los especímenes se realizó anteriores (DA) y distancia entre miembros entre las 10:00 y 15:00 h del día, por mayor posteriores (DP) (Peters y Donoso-Barros actividad de la especie (Chávez y Daza 2005). 1970). Las medidas se tomaron con un Todos los especímenes fueron eutanasiados calibrador Vermier, de 0,01 mm de precisión. con xilocaína inyectada en el corazón, sexados, fijados y etiquetados con base en los métodos establecidos por Simmons (1987). Mora Obando et all. Variiaciión pobllaciionall de Riiama collumbiiana 20 Figura 1. Ubicación geográfica de las zonas de muestreo. Puntos negros: sitios de colecta, San Juan de Pasto (Nariño), líneas negras continuas: ríos y líneas discontinuas: quebradas o fuentes hídricas intermitentes en el tiempo (Fuente: este estudio). Novedades Collombiianas, 10(1) - 2010 21 Análisis de datos 1.38), permitió determinar diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones. Las medidas morfométricas de las hembras y machos adultos examinados de cada población RESULTADOS fueron representadas gráficamente, teniendo en cuenta el promedio + la desviación estándar Se analizaron 24 individuos, de los cuales 14 (PAST, versión 1.38) (Hammer et al. , 2001). pertenecen al corregimiento de Genoy, y 10 al La variación intra e interpoblacional de R. corregimiento de Cabrera de San Juan de Pasto columbiana se determinó mediante el programa (Nariño). Del total de individuos capturados, bioinformático NTSYS versión 2.1f cinco fueron machos adultos y tres machos (Biostatistic Inc., 1986-2002), para ello se juveniles, diez hembras adultas y seis hembras elaboraron matrices con las variables juveniles. morfométricas y morfológicas, las cuales fueron estandarizadas mediante transformación En general, las variables morfológicas no lineal (para que las variables sean presentan variación entre estados de desarrollo comparables). La similaridad entre los (juveniles y adultos) a nivel intrapoblacional; individuos fue determinada con base en el en cambio, las variables morfométricas si coeficiente de Distancias Taxonómicas varían dependiendo de los estados de Promedio (DIST), a partir del cual se obtuvo desarrollo, variación que se refleja en los un análisis de conglomerados, que permitió fenogramas obtenidos para cada población visualizar un fenograma de los especímenes de (Figuras 2 y 3), en los cuales los individuos acuerdo a las variables mencionadas. juveniles están agrupados y separados de los adultos. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (PCA), en el programa PAST, Los individuos adultos de Riama columbiana versión 1.38, para los individuos adultos, y así no presentan dimorfismo sexual marcado para definir el peso con el cual contribuyen las las variables morfológicas, a diferencia de las variables que más información aportan en la variables morfométricas, donde las hembras variación total (De Polanco et al ., 2005) de adultas son más grandes que los machos cada población. Finalmente una prueba de adultos (LHC de machos adultos de Genoy = varianza multivariada MANOVA, con base en 69,2 + SD (62,3 – 82,2) y LHC de hembras el análisis discriminante mediante funciones adultas de Genoy = 71,6 + SD (65,3-78,2). Sin canónicas de varianza o CVA (PAST, versión embargo, estas diferencias morfométricas entre Mora Obando et all. Variiaciión pobllaciionall de Riiama collumbiiana 22 sexos no son evidentes en los fenogramas de similitud de cada población (Figuras
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