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Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000 [FR123]

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Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000 [FR123] Malawi 2000 Malawi Malawi Demographic and Health Survey Demographic and Health Survey 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000 National Statistical Office Zomba, Malawi ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA August 2001 This report presents findings from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (2000 MDHS), which was implemented by the National Statistical Office. ORC Macro (DHS) furnished technical assistance in the design and implementation of the survey. Funding for the 2000 MDHS survey was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Malawi), the Department for International Development (DfID/Malawi), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF/Malawi). The 2000 MDHS is part of a worldwide MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS+) Project, which is designed to collect, analyse, and disseminate data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS, and other topics in health and population. Additional information about the Malawi DHS may be obtained from: National Statistical Office P.O. 333 Zomba, Malawi Telephone: 524-377 Fax 525-130 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.nso.malawi.net Information about the MEASURE DHS+ project may be obtained from: ORC Macro 11785 Beltsville Drive Suite 300 Calverton, MD 20705 Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.measuredhs.com Suggested citation: National Statistical Office [Malawi] and ORC Macro. 2001. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland, USA: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro. CONTENTS Page TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................... vii FOREWORD ........................................................... xv SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ............................................... xvii MAP OF MALAWI ...................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................1 1.1 Geography, History, and the Economy ................................1 Geography .....................................................1 History ........................................................1 Economy ......................................................2 1.2 Population .....................................................2 1.3 Objectives of the Survey ...........................................3 1.4 Organisation of the Survey ........................................4 1.5 Sample Design ..................................................4 1.6 Questionnaires ..................................................4 1.7 Training .......................................................5 1.8 Data Collection and Data Processing .................................6 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS ...9 2.1 Household Population by Age, Sex, and Residence .......................9 2.2 Household Composition ...........................................9 2.3 Fosterhood and Orphanhood ......................................11 2.4 Educational Level of Household Population ...........................12 2.5 School Attendance ..............................................14 2.6 Child Labour ..................................................16 2.7 Housing Characteristics ..........................................17 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS AND WOMEN’S STATUS ......21 3.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents ...............................21 3.2 Educational Attainment ..........................................23 3.3 Literacy ......................................................24 3.4 Access to Mass Media ............................................24 3.5 Women’s Employment ...........................................27 3.6 Form of Women’s Earnings ........................................29 3.7 Control over Women’s Earnings and Women’s Contribution to Household Expenditures .............................30 3.8 Measures of Women’s Empowerment ................................32 3.9 Use of Tobacco .................................................37 3.10 Birth Registration ...............................................38 Contents * iii Page CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY LEVELS AND TRENDS ................................39 4.1 Current Fertility Levels and Trends ..................................39 4.2 Children Ever Born ..............................................44 4.3 Birth Intervals .................................................45 4.4 Age of Mothers at First Birth ......................................46 4.4.1 Adolescent Fertility ........................................47 CHAPTER 5 FERTILITY REGULATION ......................................49 5.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ...............................49 5.2 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods by Background Characteristics ........50 5.3 Ever Use of Contraception ........................................52 5.4 Current Use of Contraceptive Methods ...............................52 5.5 Current Use of Contraception by Background Characteristics ..............57 5.6 Current Use of Contraceptives by Women’s Status ......................60 5.7 Number of Children at First Use of Contraception ......................60 5.8 Timing of Female Sterilisation .....................................62 5.9 Source of Supply ...............................................62 5.10 Informed Choice ................................................63 5.11 Future Use of Contraception .......................................65 5.12 Reasons for Not Intending to Use Contraception .......................65 5.13 Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use ......................65 5.14 Exposure to Family Planning Messages on Radio and Television ...........66 5.15 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in Print Media or Drama ...........69 5.16 Exposure to Specific Health and Family Planning Radio Programmes ........69 5.17 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ....................69 5.18 Discussion about Family Planning with Husband .......................73 5.19 Attitudes of Couples toward Family Planning ..........................73 CHAPTER 6 OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY ................75 6.1 Marital Status ..................................................75 6.2 Polygyny .....................................................76 6.3 Age at First Marriage ............................................78 6.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse .....................................80 6.5 Recent Sexual Activity ...........................................81 6.6 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility ...............83 CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING ..........................................87 7.1 Desire for More Children .........................................87 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbearing by Background Characteristics ...............88 7.3 Unmet Need for Family Planning ...................................89 7.4 Ideal Family Size ...............................................92 7.5 Wanted and Unwanted Fertility ....................................94 iv * Contents Page CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY ...............................97 8.1 Definitions, Methodology, and Assessment of Data Quality ...............97 8.2 Early Childhood Mortality Rates: Levels and Trends .....................98 8.3 Socioeconomic Differentials in Childhood Mortality ....................100 8.4 Biodemographic Differentials in Childhood Mortality ...................101 8.5 Perinatal Mortality .............................................103 CHAPTER 9 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH ..............................105 9.1 Antenatal Care ................................................105 9.2 Assistance and Medical Care at Delivery .............................109 9.3 Caesarean Section and Small Size at Birth ...........................112 9.4 Postnatal Care ................................................113 9.5 Vaccinations ..................................................114 9.6 Acute Respiratory Infection ......................................117 9.7 Diarrhoeal Disease and Related Findings ............................119 9.8 Women’s Perceptions of Problems in Accessing Health Care ..............122 CHAPTER 10 INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTISES, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN AND WOMEN ..............125 10.1 Breastfeeding and Supplementation ................................125 10.1.1 Initiation of Breastfeeding .................................125 10.1.2 Age Pattern of Breastfeeding ................................126 10.1.3 Types of Complementary Foods .............................129 10.1.4 Frequency of Foods Consumed by Children ....................130 10.1.5 Micronutrients ..........................................132 10.2 Nutritional Status of Children under Age Five ........................136 10.2.1 Measures of Nutritional Status in Childhood ...................136 10.2.2 Levels of Child Malnutrition ................................137 10.3 Nutritional Status of Women .....................................140 CHAPTER 11 AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ..........143 11.1 Knowledge of Ways to Prevent HIV/AIDS ...........................144 11.2 Knowledge of Other AIDS-related Issues ............................150 11.3 Stigma Associated with AIDS and Acceptability of AIDS-related Messages in the Media ..........................................151 11.4 Testing for HIV ................................................156 11.5 Reports
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