Lizards, Amphisbaenids and Blind Snakes of Laguna Blanca 1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Lizards, Amphisbaenids and Blind Snakes of Laguna Blanca 1 Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, PARAGUAY Lizards, Amphisbaenids and Blind Snakes of Laguna Blanca 1 Para La Tierra (Jean-Paul Brouard, Paul Smith) Photos by: Jean-Paul Brouard (JPB) and Paul Smith (PS). (M) = Male, (J) = Juvenile. Produced by: Tyana.Wachter, R. B. Foster and J. Philipp, with the support from Connie Keller and Andrew Mellon Foundation © Para La Tierra [http://www.paralatierra.org], Jean-Paul Brouard [[email protected]], Paul Smith [[email protected]] © Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [http:/fieldmusuem.org/IDtools/] [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide # 567 version 1 04/2014 1 Norops meridionalis 2 Polychrus acutirostris 3 Stenocercus caducus 4 Tropidurus cf. xanthochilus (M) POLYCHRIDAE JPB POLYCHRIDAE JPB TROPIDURIDAE JPB TROPIDURIDAE JPB 5 Tropidurus cf. xanthochilus (J) 6 Hemidactylus mabouia 7 Manciola cf. guaporicola 8 Notomabuya frenata TROPIDURIDAE JPB GEKKONIDAE PS SCINCIDAE JPB SCINCIDAE JPB 9 Cercosaura ocellata 10 Cercosaura schriebersii 11 Colobosaura modesta 12 Colobosaura modesta (nuptial) GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB 13 Micrablepharus maximiliani 14 Vanzosaura rubricauda 15 Ameiva ameiva 16 Ameivula abalosi (brown) GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE JPB TEIIDAE PS TEIIDAE JPB Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, PARAGUAY Lizards, Amphisbaenids and Blind Snakes of Laguna Blanca 2 Para La Tierra (Jean-Paul Brouard, Paul Smith) Photos by: Jean-Paul Brouard (JPB) and Paul Smith (PS). (M) = Male, (J) = Juvenile. Produced by: Tyana.Wachter, R. B. Foster and J. Philipp, with the support from Connie Keller and Andrew Mellon Foundation © Para La Tierra [http://www.paralatierra.org], Jean-Paul Brouard [[email protected]], Paul Smith [[email protected]] © Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [http:/fieldmusuem.org/IDtools/] [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide # 567 version 1 04/2014 17 Ameivula abalosi (green) 18 Kentropyx viridistriga 19 Kentropyx viridistriga (J) 20 Teius teyou TEIIDAE JPB TEIIDAE JPB TEIIDAE JPB TEIIDAE PS 21 Teius teyou (J) 22 Salvator merianae 23 Salvator merianae (J) 24 Ophiodes intermedius TEIIDAE JPB TEIIDAE PS TEIIDAE JPB ANGUINIDAE JPB 25 Amphisbaena alba 26 Amphisbaena camura 27 Amphisbaena mertensii 28 Amphisbaena mertensii AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB 29 Amphisbaena roberti 30 Amphisbaena roberti 31 Typhlops brongersmianus 32 Typhlops brongersmianus AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB AMPHISBAENIDAE JPB TYPHLOPIDAE JPB TYPHLOPIDAE JPB .
Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Helminths from Lizards and Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America Ticle R A
    The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2010 | volume 16 | issue 4 | pages 543-572 Checklist of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America TICLE R A Ávila RW (1), Silva RJ (1) EVIEW R (1) Department of Parasitology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Abstract: A comprehensive and up to date summary of the literature on the helminth parasites of lizards and amphisbaenians from South America is herein presented. One-hundred eighteen lizard species from twelve countries were reported in the literature harboring a total of 155 helminth species, being none acanthocephalans, 15 cestodes, 20 trematodes and 111 nematodes. Of these, one record was from Chile and French Guiana, three from Colombia, three from Uruguay, eight from Bolivia, nine from Surinam, 13 from Paraguay, 12 from Venezuela, 27 from Ecuador, 17 from Argentina, 39 from Peru and 103 from Brazil. The present list provides host, geographical distribution (with the respective biome, when possible), site of infection and references from the parasites. A systematic parasite-host list is also provided. Key words: Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda, Squamata, neotropical. INTRODUCTION The present checklist summarizes the diversity of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians Parasitological studies on helminths that of South America, providing a host-parasite list infect squamates (particularly lizards) in South with localities and biomes. America had recent increased in the past few years, with many new records of hosts and/or STUDIED REGIONS localities and description of several new species (1-3).
    [Show full text]
  • Karyological Study of Amphisbaena Ridleyi (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae), an Endemic Species of the Archipelago of Fernando De Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33, 1, 57-61 (2010) Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication Karyological study of Amphisbaena ridleyi (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae), an endemic species of the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil Marcia Maria Laguna1, Renata Cecília Amaro2, Tamí Mott3, Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda1 and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues2 1Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. Abstract The karyotype of Amphisbaena ridleyi, an endemic species of the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, in State of Pernambuco, Brazil, is described after conventional staining, Ag-NOR impregnation and fluorescence in situ hybrid- ization (FISH) with a telomeric probe. The diploid number is 46, with nine pairs of macrochromosomes (three metacentrics, four subtelocentrics and two acrocentrics) and 14 pairs of microchromosomes. The Ag-NOR is located in the telomeric region of the long arm of metacentric chromosome 2 and FISH revealed signals only in the telomeric region of all chromosomes. Further cytogenetic data on other amphisbaenians as well as a robust phylogenetic hy- pothesis of this clade is needed in order to understand the evolutionary changes on amphisbaenian karyotypes. Key words: Amphisbaena ridleyi, karyotype, Fernando de Noronha, Ag-NOR, FISH with telomeric probes.
    [Show full text]
  • HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN Number 106 – Winter 2008
    The HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN Number 106 – Winter 2008 PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN Contents RESEA R CH AR TICLES Use of transponders in the post-release monitoring of translocated spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx aegyptia microlepis) in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates Pritpal S. Soorae, Judith Howlett and Jamie Samour .......................... 1 Gastrointestinal helminths of three species of Dicrodon (Squamata: Teiidae) from Peru Stephen R. Goldberg and Charles R. Bursey ..................................... 4 Notes on the Natural History of the eublepharid Gecko Hemitheconyx caudicinctus in northwestern Ghana Stephen Spawls ........................................................ 7 Significant range extension for the Central American Colubrid snake Ninia pavimentata (Bocourt 1883) Josiah H. Townsend, J. Micheal Butler, Larry David Wilson, Lorraine P. Ketzler, John Slapcinsky and Nathaniel M. Stewart ..................................... 15 Predation on Italian Newt larva, Lissotriton italicus (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae), by Agabus bipustulatus (Insecta, Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) Luigi Corsetti and Gianluca Nardi........................................ 18 Behaviour, Time Management, and Foraging Modes of a West Indian Racer, Alsophis sibonius Lauren A. White, Peter J. Muelleman, Robert W. Henderson and Robert Powell . 20 Communal egg-laying and nest-sites of the Goo-Eater, Sibynomorphus mikanii (Colubridae, Dipsadinae) in southeastern Brazil Henrique B. P. Braz, Francisco L. Franco
    [Show full text]
  • Anfibios Y Reptiles 1 Keiner Meza-Tilvez1,2, Adolfo Mulet-Paso1,2 & Ronald Zambrano-Cantillo1 1Universidad De Cartagena & 2Fauna Silvestre Fundación
    Fauna del Jardín Botánico “Guillermo Piñeres” de Cartagena, Turbaco, COLOMBIA Anfibios y Reptiles 1 Keiner Meza-Tilvez1,2, Adolfo Mulet-Paso1,2 & Ronald Zambrano-Cantillo1 1 2 Universidad de Cartagena & Fauna Silvestre Fundación Fotos: Adolfo Mulet Paso (AMP) – Hugo Claessen (HC) – Jairo H. Maldonado (JHM) – Jesús Torres Meza (JTM) – José Luis Pérez-González (JPG) – Jose Luna (JL) – Keiner Meza-Tilvez (KMT) – Luis Alberto Rueda Solano (LRS) – Mauricio Rivera Correa (MRC) – Juan Salvador Mendoza (JSM). © Jardín Botánico de Cartagena “Guillermo Piñeres” [[email protected]] Macho = (M), Hembra = (H) y Juvenil = (Juv.) [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1097] versión 1 12/2018 1 Rhinella horribilis 2 Rhinella humboldti 3 Dendrobates truncatus 4 Boana pugnax BUFONIDAE (foto KMT) BUFONIDAE (foto KMT) DENDROBATIDAE (foto KMT) HYLIDAE (foto KMT) 5 Boana xerophylla 6 Dendropsophus microcephalus 7 Scarthyla vigilans 8 Scinax rostratus HYLIDAE (foto LRS) HYLIDAE (foto KMT) HYLIDAE (foto KMT) HYLIDAE (foto KMT) 9 Scinax ruber 10 Trachycephalus typhonius 11 Engystomops pustulosus 12 Leptodactylus fragilis HYLIDAE (foto KMT) HYLIDAE (foto KMT) LEPTODACTYLIDAE (foto KMT) LEPTODACTYLIDAE (foto LRS) 13 Leptodactylus insularum 14 Pleurodema brachyops 15 Elachistocleis pearsei 16 Agalychnis callidryas LEPTODACTYLIDAE (foto AMP) LEPTODACTYLIDAE (foto KMT) MICROHYLIDAE (foto MRC) PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE (foto HC) 17 Phyllomedusa venusta 18 Basiliscus basiliscus (M) 19 Basiliscus basiliscus (Juv.) 20 Anolis auratus PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE (foto AMP) CORYTOPHANIDAE (foto KMT) CORYTOPHANIDAE (foto AMP) DACTYLOIDAE (foto AMP) Fauna del Jardín Botánico “Guillermo Piñeres” de Cartagena, Turbaco, COLOMBIA Anfibios y Reptiles 2 Keiner Meza-Tilvez1,2, Adolfo Mulet-Paso1,2 & Ronald Zambrano-Cantillo1 1 2 Universidad de Cartagena & Fauna Silvestre Fundación Fotos: Adolfo Mulet Paso (AMP) – Hugo Claessen (HC) – Jairo H.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
    MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Worm Lizards Occur in Nebraska? Louis A
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Herpetology Papers in the Biological Sciences 1993 Do Worm Lizards Occur in Nebraska? Louis A. Somma Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciherpetology Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Population Biology Commons Somma, Louis A., "Do Worm Lizards Occur in Nebraska?" (1993). Papers in Herpetology. 11. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciherpetology/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Herpetology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. @ o /' number , ,... :S:' .' ,. '. 1'1'13 Do Mono Li ••rel,. Occur ill 1!I! ..br .... l< .. ? by Louis A. Somma Department of- Zoology University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 Amphisbaenids, or worm lizards, are a small enigmatic suborder of reptiles (containing 4 families; ca. 140 species) within the order Squamata, which include~ the more speciose lizards and snakes (Gans 1986). The name amphisbaenia is derived from the mythical Amphisbaena (Topsell 1608; Aldrovandi 1640), a two-headed beast (one head at each end), whose fantastical description may have been based, in part, upon actual observations of living worm lizards (Druce 1910). While most are limbless and worm-like in appearance, members of the family Bipedidae (containing the single genus Sipes) have two forelimbs located close to the head. This trait, and the lack of well-developed eyes, makes them look like two-legged worms.
    [Show full text]
  • Iguanid and Varanid CAMP 1992.Pdf
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IGUANIDAE AND VARANIDAE WORKING DOCUMENT December 1994 Report from the workshop held 1-3 September 1992 Edited by Rick Hudson, Allison Alberts, Susie Ellis, Onnie Byers Compiled by the Workshop Participants A Collaborative Workshop AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION A Publication of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, and the AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Provided by Steve Reichling Hudson, R. A. Alberts, S. Ellis, 0. Byers. 1994. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for lguanidae and Varanidae. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Banlc Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. 1100 1210 1736. The work of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous contributions from the following members of the CBSG Institutional Conservation Council Conservators ($10,000 and above) Australasian Species Management Program Gladys Porter Zoo Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Sponsors ($50-$249) Chicago Zoological
    [Show full text]
  • Microhabitat Selection of the Poorly Known Lizard Tropidurus Lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in the Pantanal, Brazil
    ARTICLE Microhabitat selection of the poorly known lizard Tropidurus lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in the Pantanal, Brazil Ronildo Alves Benício¹; Daniel Cunha Passos²; Abraham Mencía³ & Zaida Ortega⁴ ¹ Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Laboratório de Herpetologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR). Crato, CE, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-2172. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) ² Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Departamento de Biociências (DBIO), Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal (LECA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC). Mossoró, RN, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-4496. E-mail: [email protected] ³ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal (PPGBA). Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-2031. E-mail: [email protected] ⁴ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC). Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-1652. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Understanding how different environmental factors influence species occurrence is a key issue to address the study of natural populations. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how local traits influence the microhabitat use of tropical arboreal lizards. Here, we investigated the microhabitat selection of the poorly known lizard Tropidurus lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) and evaluated how environmental microhabitat features influence animal’s presence.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Tropical American Burrowing Reptiles by Transatlantic Rafting
    Biol. Lett. in conjunction with head movements to widen their doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0531 burrows (Gans 1978). Published online Amphisbaenians (approx. 165 species) provide an Phylogeny ideal subject for biogeographic analysis because they are limbless (small front limbs are present in three species) and fossorial, presumably limiting dispersal, Origin of tropical American yet they are widely distributed on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (Kearney 2003). Three of the five burrowing reptiles by extant families have restricted geographical ranges and contain only a single genus: the Rhineuridae (genus transatlantic rafting Rhineura, one species, Florida); the Bipedidae (genus Nicolas Vidal1,2,*, Anna Azvolinsky2, Bipes, three species, Baja California and mainland Corinne Cruaud3 and S. Blair Hedges2 Mexico); and the Blanidae (genus Blanus, four species, Mediterranean region; Kearney & Stuart 2004). 1De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, UMR 7138, Syste´matique, Evolution, Adaptation, Case Postale 26, Muse´um National d’Histoire Species in the Trogonophidae (four genera and six Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France species) are sand specialists found in the Middle East, 2Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State North Africa and the island of Socotra, while the University, University Park, PA 16802-5301, USA largest and most diverse family, the Amphisbaenidae 3Centre national de se´quenc¸age, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston-Cre´mieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry Cedex, France (approx. 150 species), is found on both sides of the *Author and address for correspondence: De´partment Syste´matique et Atlantic, in sub-Saharan Africa, South America and Evolution, UMR 7138, Syste´matique, Evolution, Adoptation, Case the Caribbean (Kearney & Stuart 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Comparative Studies of Supraocular Lepidosis in Squamata
    Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina Cei, José M. Comparative studies of supraocular lepidosis in squamata (reptilia) and its relationships with an evolutionary taxonomy Multequina, núm. 16, 2007, pp. 1-52 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42801601 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SUPRAOCULAR LEPIDOSIS IN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH AN EVOLUTIONARY TAXONOMY ESTUDIOS COMPARATIVOS DE LA LEPIDOSIS SUPRA-OCULAR EN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA TAXONOMÍA EVOLUCIONARIA JOSÉ M. CEI † las subfamilias Leiosaurinae y RESUMEN Enyaliinae. Siempre en Iguania Observaciones morfológicas Pleurodonta se evidencian ejemplos previas sobre un gran número de como los inconfundibles patrones de especies permiten establecer una escamas supraoculares de correspondencia entre la Opluridae, Leucocephalidae, peculiaridad de los patrones Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. A nivel sistemáticos de las escamas específico la interdependencia en supraoculares de Squamata y la Iguanidae de los géneros Iguana, posición evolutiva de cada taxón Cercosaura, Brachylophus,
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Limblessness
    Evolution of Limblessness Evolution of Limblessness Early on in life, many people learn that lizards have four limbs whereas snakes have none. This dichotomy not only is inaccurate but also hides an exciting story of repeated evolution that is only now beginning to be understood. In fact, snakes represent only one of many natural evolutionary experiments in lizard limblessness. A similar story is also played out, though to a much smaller extent, in amphibians. The repeated evolution of snakelike tetrapods is one of the most striking examples of parallel evolution in animals. This entry discusses the evolution of limblessness in both reptiles and amphibians, with an emphasis on the living reptiles. Reptiles Based on current evidence (Wiens, Brandley, and Reeder 2006), an elongate, limb-reduced, snakelike morphology has evolved at least twenty-five times in squamates (the group containing lizards and snakes), with snakes representing only one such origin. These origins are scattered across the evolutionary tree of squamates, but they seem especially frequent in certain families. In particular, the skinks (Scincidae) contain at least half of all known origins of snakelike squamates. But many more origins within the skink family will likely be revealed as the branches of their evolutionary tree are fully resolved, given that many genera contain a range of body forms (from fully limbed to limbless) and may include multiple origins of snakelike morphology as yet unknown. These multiple origins of snakelike morphology are superficially similar in having reduced limbs and an elongate body form, but many are surprisingly different in their ecology and morphology. This multitude of snakelike lineages can be divided into two ecomorphs (a are surprisingly different in their ecology and morphology.
    [Show full text]