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The War Years
1941 - 1945 George Northsea: The War Years by Steven Northsea April 28, 2015 George Northsea - The War Years 1941-42 George is listed in the 1941 East High Yearbook as Class of 1941 and his picture and the "senior" comments about him are below: We do know that he was living with his parents at 1223 15th Ave in Rockford, Illinois in 1941. The Rockford, Illinois city directory for 1941 lists him there and his occupation as a laborer. The Rockford City Directory of 1942 lists George at the same address and his occupation is now "Electrician." George says in a journal written in 1990, "I completed high school in January of 1942 (actually 1941), but graduation ceremony wasn't until June. In the meantime I went to Los Angeles, California. I tried a couple of times getting a job as I was only 17 years old. I finally went to work for Van De Camp restaurant and drive-in as a bus boy. 6 days a week, $20.00 a week and two meals a day. The waitresses pitched in each week from their tips for the bus boys. That was another 3 or 4 dollars a week. I was fortunate to find a garage apartment a few blocks from work - $3 a week. I spent about $1.00 on laundry and $2.00 on cigarettes. I saved money." (italics mine) "The first part of May, I quit my job to go back to Rockford (Illinois) for graduation. I hitch hiked 2000 miles in 4 days. I arrived at my family's house at 4:00 AM one morning. -
1 17A Stealth Fighter Organizations
HISTORY AND LINEAGE OF THE F- 1 17A STEALTH FIGHTER ORGANIZATIONS DECEMBER 1991 SPECIAL STUDY HO-91-2 OFFICE OF HIST RY HEADQUARTERS, 37TH FPGHTER WING TWELFTH AIR FORCE TACTICAL AIR COMMAND INTRODUCTION In 1978, the Air Force awarded a full-scale development contract for the F-117A Stealth Fighter to Lockheed Corporation's Advanced Development Projects (the famous Skunk Works). Thirty- one months later, on 18 June 1981, the F-117A made its first flight. Meanwhile, the Tactical Air Command (TAC) decided to set up a group-level organization to guide the F-117A to an initial operating capability. That organization became the 4450th Tactical Group (TG), which officially activated on 15 October 1979 at Nellis AFB, Nevada. The 4450 TG began flying operations in 1981 from the Tonopah Test Range Airfield, located approximately 130 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Lockheed test pilots put the Stealth Fighter through its early paces. The 4450 TG also operated the A-7D as a surrogate trainer for the F-l17A, and these operations continued until 15 October 1982 under the guise of an avionics test mis- sion. October 15th is important to the program because on that date Maj Alton C. Whitley, Jr. became the first 4450 TG pilot to fly the F-117A. The 4450 TG then achieved an initial operating capability with the F-117A in October 1983. The 4450 TG's mission continued to evolve under a cloak of secrecy--all Tonopah training flights conducted at night under the cover of darkness--until late 1988. On 10 November 1988, the Air Force brought the F-117A from behind a "black veil" by publicly acknowledging its existence. -
Eib Information
EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BAN ¡998 1958 Φ+ilô EIB INFORMATION DEN EUROPÆISKE INVESTERINGSBANK BANQUE EUROPEENNE D'INVESTISSEMENT EUROPÄISCHE INVESTITIONSBANK BANCA EUROPEA PER GII INVESTIMENTI EUROPESE INVESTERINGSBANK ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΕΠΕΝΔΥΣΕΩΝ BANCO EUROPEU DE INVESTIMENTO 1 1998·Ν°96 EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK EUROOPAN INVESTOINTIPANKKI ISSN 02503891 BANCO EUROPEO DE INVERSIONES EUROPEISKA INVESTERINGSBANKEN 1997: European Investment Bank aunches ¡ob-support action plan and strengthens its commitment to EMU In 1997, the European Investment Bank intensified its support for economic and social cohesion in Europe in the run up to Economic and Monetary Union. The Bank launched a special action programme to encourage job-creating investment to underpin the European Union's growth and employment policies, and expanded its financing for investment in key areas sucri as regional development and Trans-European Networks. Total lending in the year increased by 13%, to ECU 26.2 billion (of which ECU 23 billion was in the Member States of the Union) and the Bank borrowed ECU 23 billion on the international capital markets, making it the world's largest non-sovereign borrower. "Our two top priorities during 1997 have been to step up our activities to help the European Union move successfully towards Economic and Monetary Union and the single currency and to prepare the way for the Union's enlargement. We responded rapidly and in a practical way to the Resolution on Growth and Employment of the June Amsterdam Summit by launching our Amsterdam Special Action Programme (ASAP). This is now well under way with substantial financing operations already con cluded in the areas of health and education and through a "special window" for venture capital, in the high-growth, technology oriented, small and medium-sized enterprise sector. -
Air-To-Ground Battle for Italy
Air-to-Ground Battle for Italy MICHAEL C. MCCARTHY Brigadier General, USAF, Retired Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama August 2004 Air University Library Cataloging Data McCarthy, Michael C. Air-to-ground battle for Italy / Michael C. McCarthy. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58566-128-7 1. World War, 1939–1945 — Aerial operations, American. 2. World War, 1939– 1945 — Campaigns — Italy. 3. United States — Army Air Forces — Fighter Group, 57th. I. Title. 940.544973—dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB AL 36112–6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii PREFACE . ix INTRODUCTION . xi Notes . xiv 1 GREAT ADVENTURE BEGINS . 1 2 THREE MUSKETEERS TIMES TWO . 11 3 AIR-TO-GROUND BATTLE FOR ITALY . 45 4 OPERATION STRANGLE . 65 INDEX . 97 Photographs follow page 28 iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Foreword The events in this story are based on the memory of the author, backed up by official personnel records. All survivors are now well into their eighties. Those involved in reconstructing the period, the emotional rollercoaster that was part of every day and each combat mission, ask for understanding and tolerance for fallible memories. Bruce Abercrombie, our dedicated photo guy, took most of the pictures. -
US Army Air Force 100Th-399Th Squadrons 1941-1945
US Army Air Force 100th-399th Squadrons 1941-1945 Note: Only overseas stations are listed. All US stations are summarized as continental US. 100th Bombardment Squadron: Organized on 8/27/17 as 106th Aero Squadron, redesignated 800th Aero Squadron on 2/1/18, demobilized by parts in 1919, reconstituted and consolidated in 1936 with the 135th Squadron and assigned to the National Guard. Redesignated as the 135th Observation Squadron on 1/25/23, 114th Observation Squadron on 5/1/23, 106th Observation Squadron on 1/16/24, federalized on 11/25/40, redesignated 106th Observation Squadron (Medium) on 1/13/42, 106th Observation Squadron on 7/4/42, 106th Reconnaissance Squadron on 4/2/43, 100th Bombardment Squadron on 5/9/44, inactivated 12/11/45. 1941-43 Continental US 11/15/43 Guadalcanal (operated through Russell Islands, Jan 44) 1/25/44 Sterling Island (operated from Hollandia, 6 Aug-14 Sep 44) 8/24/44 Sansapor, New Guinea (operated from Morotai 22 Feb-22 Mar 45) 3/15/45 Palawan 1941 O-47, O-49, A-20, P-39 1942 O-47, O-49, A-20, P-39, O-46, L-3, L-4 1943-5 B-25 100th Fighter Squadron: Constituted on 12/27/41 as the 100th Pursuit Squadron, activated 2/19/42, redesignated 100th Fighter Squadron on 5/15/42, inactivated 10/19/45. 1941-43 Montecorvino, Italy 2/21/44 Capodichino, Italy 6/6/44 Ramitelli Airfield, Italy 5/4/45 Cattolica, Italy 7/18/45 Lucera, Italy 1943 P-39, P-40 1944 P-39, P-40, P-47, P-51 1945 P-51 100th Troop Carrier Squadron: Constituted on 5/25/43 as 100th Troop transport Squadron, activated 8/1/43, inactivated 3/27/46. -
Air Force, 57Th Bombardment Wing (M) 321St Bombardment Group (M) History: April 1945
12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing (M) 321st Bombardment Group (M) History: April 1945 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For my dad, Colonel John “Jack” Fitzgerald, U.S. Army (deceased) “Lil Butch” John T. Fitzgerald, SMSgt, U.S. Air Force (retired) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing (M) 321st Bombardment Group (M) History: April 1945 The following is a compilation of the 321st Bomb Group’s Headquarters and individual Squadron War Diaries. They have been transcribed word for word, from the Squadron Histories provided by the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA), Maxwell Air Force Base Alabama. At the end of each Squadron’s daily entry, the individuals cited in the entry are identified by full name, rank and duty, in alphabetical order. The day’s entry begins with the Tactical Operations Statement, from the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Chronology, for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). The history also includes mission reports, mission crew rosters, Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR), personal mission logs, journals, and diaries made available by various sources. Invitation Anyone who has documentation pertaining to the 321st Bomb Group or its members, and would like to have it included in this history, is welcome to participate. Copies of: photos (official or personal); orders (promotion, decoration, travel, etc.); Mission Reports; Missing Air Crew Reports; personal diaries, logs, journals, etc; other documentation; or information that will help identify hi-lited individuals will be greatly appreciated, as one of my goals is to correctly identify every man and plane assigned to the 321st Bomb Group. My only interest in this project is to honor those who served by perpetuating their story, and making it available for future generations, particularly the families and friends of our Great Heroes. -
The Allied Presence on Vis 1943-45 15 Jul 43 a C-47A
The Allied Presence on Vis 1943-45 15 Jul 43 A C-47A (ser. # 42-23515; Mission 9377) went MIA at Vis Island (apparently all crewmen were accounted for).1 Mid Aug 43 Some 3 weeks before Italy capitulated, the Partisans captured the entire Italian military garrison, of approx. 50 troops, on Vis without a fight, nor any casualties (variously described as an old fort and a lookout post atop Mt Hum). The Italians were disarmed and then freed, whereupon 10 hostages were taken from both Komiža and Vis, with the Italian demand that their weapons be returned within three days.2 31 Aug 43 With no weapons having been returned, the 20 hostages from Komiža and Vis were publicly executed by Italian firing squad.3 8 Sep 43 Italy capitulated. 24 Sep 43 Split evacuated by Partisans under Gen Koca Popović, to advancing Germans, having only controlled the city for eleven days.4 12 Oct 43 OSS began a 3-month mission, under Major Louis Huot, USA, to provide 6,000 tons of supplies to the Partisan garrison on Vis, via Bari, aboard the HMS Gull (Sub-Lt Taylor, RNR) and the little coal steamer SS Bakar. Huot wrote of his main interlocutors being the garrison commander, Commander Sergije Makiedo (actually the Commissar, Lt Col [later Admiral] Josip Černi/Černy was the Cdr), and Jože Poduje. They would moor in the "Baie des Anglais," a little basin on the eastern side of Vis harbor. A derelict convent on the waterfront then served as the Partisan hospital, with 3 young indefatigable doctors, “Bobin,” who spoke shaky French, “Zucalo” who spoke appalling English, & “Biacic” who spoke basic German [note how Strutton cites only 2 Partisan doctors on Vis, the charlatan, “Dr. -
Africa to the Alps the Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Africa to the Alps The Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater Edward T. Russell and Robert M. Johnson AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1999 Africa to the Alps The Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater By the time the United States declared war on Germany and Italy on December 11, 1941, most of Europe had fallen under the domination of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany’s Third Reich. In the west, only Great Britain, her armies expelled from the European continent, re- mained defiant; in the east, Hitler faced an implacable foe—the Sovi- et Union.While the Soviets tried to stave off a relentless German at- tack that had reached Moscow, Britain and her Commonwealth allies fought a series of crucial battles with Axis forces in North Africa. Initially, America’s entry into the war changed nothing. The Unit- ed States continued to supply the Allies with the tools of war, as it had since the passage of the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. U.S. military forces, however, had to be expanded, trained, equipped, and deployed, all of which would take time. With the United States in the war, the Allies faced the question of where American forces could best be used. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston S. Churchill had al- ready agreed that defeating first Germany and then Japan would be their policy, but that decision raised further questions. Roosevelt wanted U.S. troops in combat against German troops as soon as possible. -
US Army Air Force 100Th-399Th Squadrons 1941-1945
US Army Air Force 100th-399th Squadrons 1941-1945 Note: Only overseas stations are listed. All US stations are summarized as continental US. 400th Bombardment Squadron: Constituted on 1/28/42 as the 10th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), activated 4/15/42, redesignated 400th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 4/22/42, inactviated 1/27/46. 1942 Continental US 9/12/42 Hickam Field, Hawaii 11/4/42 Iron Range, Australia 3/22/43 Port Moresby, New Guinea 12/43 Dobodura, New Guinea 2/23/44 Nadzab, New Guinea 8/12/44 Biak 1/26/45 San Jose, Mindoro, Philippines 8/11/45 Ie Shima 1942-45 B-24 401st Bombardment Squadron: Constituted on 1/28/42 as the 11th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), activated on 4/15/42, redesignated 401st Bombardment Squadron on 4/22/42, inactivated 7/11/45. 1942 Continental US 9/13/42 Kimbolton, England 10/14/42 Bassingbourn, England 1942-45 B-17 401st Fighter Squadron: Constituted on 5/25/43, activated 7/1/43, inactivated 11/7/45. 1943 Continental US 2/12/44 Aldermaston, England 2/29/44 Andover, England 7/31/44 Cardonville, France 8/15/44 La Vielle, France 9/6/44 Lonray, France 9/12/44 Roye/Amy, France 9/27/44 Florennes/Juxaine, Belgium 1/27/45 Zwartberg, Belgium 4/20/45 Gutersloh, Germany 1943 P-47 1944 P-47, P-38 1945 P-38, P-51 402nd Bombardment Squadron: Constituted as 12th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), activated 1/15/41, redesignated 402nd Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 4/22/42, 402nd Bombardment Squadron (Very Heavy) on 3/28/44, inactivated on 4/1/44. -
Safetaxi Full Coverage List – 21S5 Cycle
SafeTaxi Full Coverage List – 21S5 Cycle Australia Australian Capital Territory Identifier Airport Name City Territory YSCB Canberra Airport Canberra ACT Oceanic Territories Identifier Airport Name City Territory YPCC Cocos (Keeling) Islands Intl Airport West Island, Cocos Island AUS YPXM Christmas Island Airport Christmas Island AUS YSNF Norfolk Island Airport Norfolk Island AUS New South Wales Identifier Airport Name City Territory YARM Armidale Airport Armidale NSW YBHI Broken Hill Airport Broken Hill NSW YBKE Bourke Airport Bourke NSW YBNA Ballina / Byron Gateway Airport Ballina NSW YBRW Brewarrina Airport Brewarrina NSW YBTH Bathurst Airport Bathurst NSW YCBA Cobar Airport Cobar NSW YCBB Coonabarabran Airport Coonabarabran NSW YCDO Condobolin Airport Condobolin NSW YCFS Coffs Harbour Airport Coffs Harbour NSW YCNM Coonamble Airport Coonamble NSW YCOM Cooma - Snowy Mountains Airport Cooma NSW YCOR Corowa Airport Corowa NSW YCTM Cootamundra Airport Cootamundra NSW YCWR Cowra Airport Cowra NSW YDLQ Deniliquin Airport Deniliquin NSW YFBS Forbes Airport Forbes NSW YGFN Grafton Airport Grafton NSW YGLB Goulburn Airport Goulburn NSW YGLI Glen Innes Airport Glen Innes NSW YGTH Griffith Airport Griffith NSW YHAY Hay Airport Hay NSW YIVL Inverell Airport Inverell NSW YIVO Ivanhoe Aerodrome Ivanhoe NSW YKMP Kempsey Airport Kempsey NSW YLHI Lord Howe Island Airport Lord Howe Island NSW YLIS Lismore Regional Airport Lismore NSW YLRD Lightning Ridge Airport Lightning Ridge NSW YMAY Albury Airport Albury NSW YMDG Mudgee Airport Mudgee NSW YMER -
US Army Air Force 50Th-99Th Squadrons 1941-1945
US Army Air Force 50th-99th Squadrons 1941-1945 Note: Only overseas stations are listed. All US stations are summarized as continental US. 50th Bombardment Squadron: Constituted as 50th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 11/20/40, activated 1/15/41, disbanded 5/1/44. Anti-submarine operations from the Continental US only. 1941-4 A-20 50th Fighter Squadron: Constituted on 11/20/40 as 50th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter), activated 1/15/41, redesignated 50th Fighter squadron on 5/15/42, disbanded 8/9/44. 1942 Continental US 8/18/42 Atcham, England (operated in Iceland 18 Aug-14 Nov 42) 11/14/42 Iceland 2/44 Nuthampsted, Engla nd 3/15/44 Cheddington, England 4/12/44 Watton, England 1941 P-40 1942 P-40, P-38 1943-5 P-38 50th Troop Carrier Squadron: Constituted on 5/3/42 as 50th Transport Squadron, activated 6 /15/42, redesignated 50th Troop Carrier Squadron on 7 /4/42, inactivated 5/27/46. 42-43 Continental US 5/21/43 Berguent, French Morocco 6/26/43 Kairouan, Tunisia 9/2/43 Castelvetrano, Sicily 3/6/44 Saltby, England 3/5/45 Poix, France 1942-5 C-47 51st Bombardment Squadron: Constituted on 11/20/40 as the 51st Bombardment Squadron (Light), activated 1/15/41, disbanded 5/1/44. Anti-submarine operations continental US only. Continental US only 1941-3 A-20 1944 A-20, B-25 51st Fighter Squadron: Constituted on 11/22/40 as the 51st Pursuit Squadron (Fighter), activated 1/1/41, redesignated 51st Fighter Squadron on 5/15/42, inactivate d 10/15/46. -
September 1943
12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing 321st Bombardment Group History: September 1943 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For my dad, Colonel John “Jack” Fitzgerald, U.S. Army (deceased) “Lil Butch” John T. Fitzgerald, SMSgt, U.S. Air Force (retired) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing 321st Bombardment Group History: September 1943 The following is a compilation of the 321st Bomb Group’s Headquarters and individual Squadron War Diaries. They have been transcribed word for word, from the Squadron Histories provided by the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA), Maxwell Air Force Base Alabama. At the end of each Squadron’s daily entry, the individuals cited in the entry are identified by full name, rank and duty, in alphabetical order. The day’s entry begins with the Tactical Operations Statement, from the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Chronology, for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). The history also includes mission reports, mission crew rosters, Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR), personal mission logs, journals, and diaries made available by various sources. Invitation Anyone who has documentation pertaining to the 321st Bomb Group or its members, and would like to have it included in this history, is welcome to participate. Copies of: photos (official or personal); orders (promotion, decoration, travel, etc.); Mission Reports; Missing Air Crew Reports; personal diaries, logs, journals, etc; other documentation; or information that will help identify hi-lited individuals will be greatly appreciated, as one of my goals is to correctly identify every man and plane assigned to the 321st Bomb Group. My only interest in this project is to honor those who served by perpetuating their story, and making it available for future generations, particularly the families and friends of our Great Heroes.